Revisiting Dilophosaurus -- What We Know (and Don't): YDAW Synapisode

/ ydaw -- Dilophosaurus was not just a giant Coelophysis! Let's talk about research into their appearance and ecology that's come out since our episode--and a couple things we should have mentioned the first time around.
Previous Dilophosaurus episode here: • Dilophosaurus: Your Di...
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Contents:
0:00 What is Dilophosaurus Anyway?
2:11 Macropredation Adaptations
6:50 Those Crests
13:04 Stop Asking Me About the Frill
15:56 Venom Also Unlikely
17:08 Protofeathers
20:00 Arm Function & Dysfunction
25:45 Conclusion
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photo of Dilophosaurus cast at the Royal Ontario Museum by Eduard Solà
CC-BY-SA 3.0
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
but see also
ucmp.berkeley.edu/dilophosaur...
the original wall mount, much more obvious which bones are sculpted/cleaned up
Chlamydosaurus photo by Miklos Schiberna
Public Domain
Cobra tooth cross section based on Martin-rnr's vector
CC-BY-SA 3.0
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Co...
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Marsh AD, Rowe TB.
2020
A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona.
Journal of Paleontology 94(78): 1-103
doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.14
(OA)
Rowe, T. B., Sues, H.-D., & Reisz, R. R.
2011
Dispersal and diversity in the earliest North American sauropodomorph dinosaurs, with a description of a new taxon.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1708), 1044-1053.
doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1867
Persons IV, W., Currie, P.
2011
An approach to scoring cursorial limb proportions in carnivorous dinosaurs and an attempt to account for allometry.
Sci Rep 6, 19828
doi.org/10.1038/srep19828
Gates T, Organ C, Zanno L.
2016
Bony cranial ornamentation linked to rapid evolution of gigantic theropod dinosaurs.
Nat Commun 7, 12931
doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12931
(OA)
Angst, D., Barnoud, J., Cornette, R., & Chinsamy, A.
2019
Sex and Ontogenetic Variation in the Crest of Numida meleagris: Implications for Crested Vertebrates.
Anatomical Record, 303(4), 1018-1034.
www.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24275
Shay D, Duncan J.
The Making of Jurassic Park.
New York: Boxtree Ltd
1993
De Vis, C.W.
1883
Myology of Chlamydosaurus kingii.
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, v.8, no.29-32.
www.biodiversitylibrary.org/p...
(OA)
Montandon, S. A., Fofonjka, A., & Milinkovitch, M. C.
2019
Elastic instability during branchial ectoderm development causes folding of the Chlamydosaurus erectile frill.
eLife.
doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44455.002
(OA)
Lovelace, D.M., Hartman, S.A., Mathewson, P.D., Linzmeier, B.J., Porter, W.P.
2020
Modeling Dragons: Using linked mechanistic physiological and microclimate models to explore environmental, physiological, and morphological constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs.
PLoS ONE 15(5): e0223872
doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....
(OA)
Ichnology of New England
Edward Hitchcock
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1858
archive.org/details/bub_gb_QU...
Supplement to the Ichnology of New England
Edward Hitchcock
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1865
Gierliński, G.
1996
Feather-like impressions in a theropod resting trace from the Lower Jurassic of Massachusetts.
In The Continental Jurassic (ed. Morales, M.), pp. 179-84.
Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin Volume 60
Kundrat, M.
2004
When Did Theropods Become Feathered? Evidence for Pre-Archaeopteryx Feathery Appendages
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY (MOL DEV EVOL) 302B:355-364
doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.20014
Martin, A.J.
A theropod resting trace that is also a locomotion trace: case study of Hitchcock's specimen AC 1/7.
Northeastern Section (39th Annual) and Southeastern Section (53rd Annual) Joint Meeting, Paper No. 38-6
(March 26, 2004)
Senter, P.J., Sullivan, C.
2019
Forelimbs of the theropod dinosaur Dilophosaurus wetherilli: Range of motion, influence of paleopathology and soft tissues, and description of a distal carpal bone.
Palaeontologia Electronica 22.2.30A 1-19.
doi.org/10.26879/900
(OA)
Senter, P., Juengst, S.L.
2016
Record-Breaking Pain: The Largest Number and Variety of Forelimb Bone Maladies in a Theropod Dinosaur
PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149140
doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....
(OA)
see also
dinoproject.blogs.bristol.ac....
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#episode7

[@YourDinosaursAreWrong]

If you like our stuff, and would like to help us keep making it, please consider chipping in over at patreon.com/YDAW, or taking a look at our products at www.etsy.com/shop/YDAWtheShop, or by buying Steven a coffee at ko-fi.com/ydawtheshow . All proceeds go back into making the videos you see here!

[@SCR_ProductionsYT]

Ok, so Dilophosaurus had a powerful bite, but how powerful exactly? I crave numbers, Steve!

[@martontoth2063]

5:38 Regarding the long strut (ascending process of the astragalus), it probably prevented/lessened the rotation of the ankle bone during locomotion (Holtz, 1995), and to my knowledge all theropods had them. Basal theropods had smaller processes, while in derived clades the processes got progressively larger. It might be connected to increased cursoriality, since a larger process would be advantageous in counteracting the forces from increased locomotor stress/usage (and the more derived theropods tend to be more cursorial, according to Dr. Holtz). So the relatively larger process (compared to the more basal taxa mentioned in Marsh & Rowe 2020; it is still quite small compared to those of Tetanurea, and especially to those of coelurosaurs) is consistent with both its phylogeny and the presumed increased cursoriality. I wonder how does it compare to that of Ceratosaurus (since they too have quite small processes), if the size of the process reflects the differences in cursoriality, or the more derived nature of Ceratosaurus comes out on top.

[@beneficent2557]

Fun fact Syntarsus is valid again!

[@Gildedmuse]

Title card correction: It should be Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong Was Wrong. 😜 Kidding. Enjoy these correction episodes. It helps my English major brain, that you review the information, and I love learning about the advancement of scientific knowledge.

[@RokuroCarisu]

On the question of why a dinosaur would need a neck frill in addition to a head crest: Just look at a rooster. When facing off against eachother, they spread their neck feathers; in a way not unlike the JP Dilophosaurus, in order to make themselves appear larger. Since their crest is not as visible from the front as is from the sides, having an additional forward-facing (and also retractable) display structre is quite convenient for them. I wonder why this comparison is hardly ever made, and why possible display feathers on non-avian dinosaurs are overall not a common subject of serious speculation.

[@shadowmarauder6033]

Man, I feel really bad for that dilophosaurus specimen. A twisted hand, injured shoulder, tumors, yeesh.

[@CreeperBone5000]

Nature said, "Screw this guy in particular."

[@angelicacreager6623]

I like the idea of the others taking care of it though. Might be wishful thinking.

[@dragonkingofthestars]

@@angelicacreager6623 not out of the question, it is an answer for how it lived with such an injury for any amount of time. we see it in Lions and a few other animals

[@nonniecooks9555]

​@angelicacreager6623 we don't have evidence that these dinosaurs would care for their injured, but there is evidence they may have been pack hunters. I believe there were three fossil remains found in very close proximity which could mean a pack or family group. It's possible it's mother may have tried to care for it, but eventually it perished at a relatively young age. When we know more about how dilops had their babies, we could theorize if they had few children, they might invest in raising them rather than the typical shotgun or rabbit approach common from the time.

[@stuchly1]

Did you hear about the Allosaurus individual that took a stegosaur spike to the crotch? We have direct fossil evidence of that. 😵‍💫

[@bobmclennan1727]

To his credit, Chrichton merely gave dilophosaurus spitting venom in Jurassic Park the novel. It was Hollywood who decided that it needed a big flashy frill with rattles on it. Then again, in the sequel Chrichton pretended that carnotaurus could turn invisible so... artistic license can only go so far in any medium.

[@ARod3]

The best versions for the Dino’s 😂😂😂

[@J0J0Reference]

Honestly chameleon Carnotaurus is kinda cool. 100% fantasy, but really rad.

[@leocarioshiny]

Technically we don't have any evidence that carnotaurus COULDN'T turn invisible! /s

[@DesX42S]

I think that was him explicitly playing into the "they spliced the dinosaurs with other DNA" aspect of the story and less of an attempt to imagine how the animal might have been.

[@J0J0Reference]

@@DesX42S exactly.

[@anotherwesley7661]

this has left me with the indelible impression that dilophosaurses were delightful, accident-prone goobers who could do a little dance and honk and had silly little arms for silly little hugs.

[@J0J0Reference]

Oh my god I had that Dilophosaurus toy as a small child, I hated that it’s neck was articulated that way and you couldn’t move it, so I tried to bend it into a “normal” posture and ended up snapping its neck

[@gurrenrodan3801]

I disliked the frill as a kid too - so I just took a knife to it and sawed the frill off entirely.

[@J0J0Reference]

@@gurrenrodan3801 geez lmao

[@SilverusX]

@@gurrenrodan3801 Lmao did the same. But i had the bigger jp3 variant with actual battle marks and sound effects. I always disliked the JP Version of dilophosaurus. The natural look of this animal is much more cooler.

[@Gecko69420]

@@gurrenrodan3801 *gigachad intensifies*

[@Keigo_88]

Lmaoo I've had these issues too when I was a child. I had this innacurate raptor and its head was also bent like that XD It was made of rubber tho and it kinda just bended it's neck and it was stuck like that lol

[@ThatNordicGuy]

My heart goes out to the unluckiest goddamn Dilophosaurus in all of history! You sure were a mess, buddy!

[@EGarrett01]

I'll bet it got a lot worse. Remember, there were no veterinarians back then. Sue the T-Rex also had loads of infections, torn muscles, parasites, gout, etc too and survived it.

[@MrOsmodeus]

even the healthiest carnivore has to approach every meal like it could be their last. the unluckiest dilophosaurs were the ones who didn't survive their first meal

[@DryptosaurusDavid]

I salute him for surviving as long as he did. 🫡

[@spideymenz5738]

You know, I'd be interested in seeing an animated short based on that last Dilophosaurus specimen you described.

[@Spot_Faceless-Soldier]

i don't know if i would, it sounds like a very sad story, and a very painful one too

[@fornamnefternamn1532]

Or something like the Ballad of Big Al. Sad story indeed, but also a true thing that happened (with some speculations about HOW it happened).

[@raydar1541]

@@fornamnefternamn1532 i will make that one day

[@bendykirby4828]

Dead Sound, get on it.

[@Bwizz245]

I would watch a whole series of stories about Dinosaur fossil specimens that died with grievous injuries

[@zelenpixel]

"having these billboards on your head" is so good also theres just... something about knowing that these animals that lived so so so long ago still had to deal with various trauma and still just lived through it. but this specific one oh poor guy...

[@EGarrett01]

Sue the T-Rex had all kinds of injuries, infections, parasites, gout, torn muscles, but lived through most of it and kept f-ing stuff up until old age.

[@den93050]

@@EGarrett01 So I've heard. Didn't they find scars on the *bone?* Supposedly t-rex were the real gladiators of their time and could take a real beating - they didn't go down easy.

[@exarkann]

I love the limb articulation animations! It really helps with understanding the movement capabilities. Hope to see more of them in the future 🤩 Also, the sling and bandages on that poor injured one were adorable.

[@fornamnefternamn1532]

I agree, I felt so sorry about the poor animal!

[@hokostudios]

The poor holotype dilophosaurus. The animations showing how they could move was super neat.

[@traviscrumbey7969]

"How bad you you want this dilo's life to be?" God: "yes"

[@cerberaodollam]

More evidence that god is either evil or just a fiction.

[@aizenor3063]

@@cerberaodollam I mean if they did design us why tf did they give us terrible knees and a terrible back such a wonderful creator

[@Sofie424]

@@cerberaodollam It was a sinful dinosaur.

[@meratera12]

Studying stuff like ontogeny and ornamentation is exactly what I want to do someday. Thank you for re-igniting my love for dinosaurs

[@Keigo_88]

Yeee

[@freedominart11]

So interesting to see an update video for a dinosaur you've covered before! Would be cool to see more, especially ones with recent papers *cough spinosaurus cough*

[@carrott36]

ah yes, plus now we have evidence for a semi-aquatic baryonix too!

[@SpoonRacing20]

spino changes every 5 minutes lol

[@KhanMann66]

True

[@muhammadrifqi7308]

There are rumours of new Spinosaurus materials from egypt. This means there is a possibility that the moroccan Spinosaurus specimen described by Nizar Ibrahim et. al. Is not Spinosaurus at all and the true look Spinosaurus would changed again.

[@Material_Monkey]

@@SpoonRacing20 spinosaurus could be an on going series xD

[@sampagano205]

I think the bracketing argument is fairly strong for fuzzy dilophosaurus just because even if fuzz isnt ancestral to the higher clades, it's almost certainly ancestral to the theropods. And that alone tends to leave me with an attitude of fuzz for atleast part of their lives until proven otherwise.

[@mariawhite7337]

You can definitely say that all the babies likely had fuzz and then lost that fuzz as they grew. For they don't exactly need it to stay warm as they grow bigger. Kind of like how baby elephants are actually pretty fuzzy but loose that fuzz when they start getting bigger.

[@KellyClowers]

@@mariawhite7337 yeah probably but who knows, after all, there are pretty big tropical cats and bears and ungulates and such that are plenty furry. And the Sumatra rhino is rather fuzzy even as an adult. And visible if sparse hairs on Asian elephants ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[@sampagano205]

@@mariawhite7337 they also could have had a seasonal plumage, or even just a full body covering all of the timr since we also have yutyrannus as proof that there were quite large fuzzy theropods.

[@bustavonnutz]

The burden of proof is on the people saying they did rather than those that claimed it didn't.

[@sampagano205]

@@bustavonnutz bracketing is a pretty firm argument that the burden of proof is on the anti fuzz camp, because if it's an ancestral trait you do need to prove that they lost it rather than that they had it.

[@revol2933]

As the time passes, dilophosaurus is becoming more awesome and unique dinosaur. Also, following BBC's documentary "The Ballad of Big Al" (which died from various injuries) I hope we will eventually get a documentary about life story of "One-Arm" dilophosaurus :3

[@earlmaudrie5850]

Has it been considered our 'Righty' specimen was resorting to scavenging or hunting smaller prey than usual as a result of it's injury? It could have also been stealing kills from smaller predators, maybe.

[@duckguy1386]

Could've killed smaller predators while they were eating so they can scavenge what's left!

[@rddragon5]

Well now I want to see a dilophosaurus with big frigate bird inflating pouches on the side of it's crests.

[@ten-chan1015]

I loved Velociraptor with a deflated ball, I love dancing Dilophosaurus with a running deflated ball even more!

[@Imperiused]

Well, now a more complete dilophosaurus specimen is near the top of my list for future discoveries I'm most looking forward to!

[@Eserchie]

It's been second on my list for about a decade. (right after a complete Tyrannosaurus skin casting, to finally settle that argument)

[@snakewithapen5489]

​@@Eserchieyou're gonna need two of those to really finally settle it though- one from an adult, one from a juvie

[@Rodrigo_Vega]

A lot of interesting stuff in this video. I particularly enjoyed the crest speculation and info about frill structure in other animals. I find curious how the Jurassic Park design missing the wedge in the maxilla and having more of a frog-like face sort of went 180 and made it a bit more accurate in retrospective.

[@GamingIndominus]

Could you do a episode on Acrocanthosaurus? I would like to see that.

[@wadespencer3623]

It would be cool, but I expect most toys of a relatively niche dinosaur would probably be pretty accurate.

[@KellyClowers]

We all know Acros are mainly there to harass Raptor Red and her family 🤣

[@Sagezilla08]

@@KellyClowers for real

[@juniorloaf12]

@@KellyClowers omg, raptor red... Haven't heard that title in like 25 years. I read it 6 times before age 12

[@willothewisps.7539]

You have rekindled a love for Paleontology in me and you’ve gotten my children into watching these as well. You have just found this way to snag their attentions and keep it. We all have autism, so o can guess it’s because you’re so easy to follow and you make learning these facts fun. Plus you’re an adult that plays with toys - you’re they’re new favorite person. :} Thank you for bringing a family together for some fun facts.

[@stevethegeck0]

Love your guys' content! Dilophosaurus is my favorite dinosaur and it is always wonderful to know how much we know about these animals and how much we can extrapolate on based on the millions of year old evidence!

[@terralocke714]

Dilophosaurus is my favorite too!

[@Spielorjh]

ca 20:30 I love the mournful expression as the prey blob runs away.

[@arcticdino1650]

Yay! New YDAW, and it's a revisit to a dino they covered 8 years ago now. I hope we get more revisits in the future. Also, I find it incredibly funny that the JP toy is not only inaccurate to real life, but also to the movie

[@emo6577]

I really appreciate the love and care put into the art/animation of this series. It’s a hard balance to both keep a pleasant and readable art style while also being accurate and educational. Incredible!

[@theandroid5282]

If you ever do a revisit of Giraffatitan, you should make it a double feature with Brachiosaurus, comparing and contrasting the two so that way everyone can know the difference between them.

[@adamgrogory]

”I’m going to call it ”Syntarsus” in quotes for convenience and that’s all I’m saying about that” Good choice haha. Would love to see a full Synapisode on ”Syntarsus”, Coelophysis and Megapnosaurus

[@basiliskboy17]

I was delighted by literally ALL the information you shared about the holotype. Those injuries were rough.

[@fartoocritical9409]

This video was great! Now I hope that we eventually get a “Revisiting Apatosaurus” video because honestly a came across an interesting interpretation on Apatosaurus where it is theorized that it had two rows of keratinous knobs or spikes running down each side of the underside of the neck and that it was actually slamming down its neck on opponents for combats. The neck of Apatosaurus (& Brontosaurus) apparently show adaptations for increased ventral motions, possible soft tissue protection, cervical ribs that were orientated downwards (to face the underside of the neck) and apparently a knob structure on said cervical ribs that resemble the base of a rhinoceros horn which is the base for the idea of the “keratinous projections”idea. I saw a PDF that showed off these projections on the cervical ribs of A. louisae but i’m not sure of A. ajax possessed them. I think its an interesting interpretation of a rather famous dinosaur and I find it kind of disheartening that its not really discussed about.

[@joshuaclabeaux1470]

By the way, I love your Iguanodon Anglicus animation at the end of each video showing how our understanding of what it looked like and how it moved have changed over the years.

[@LionidasL10]

Yay! a new episode. Concavenator next? The full transformative animation at the end really helps the full changes pop. Thanks for these.

[@sylvieshuu]

Dilophosaurus is such a fun dino to speculate about, especially considering how little we really know about its most recognizable feature.

[@jonathanmiazza571]

I like the “construction paper” look of your animations! Really cool for visual learners. Despite JP getting wrong, still a fun franchise. But this info is really interesting to think about their crests.

[@The_Industry]

I don't know if this was the point you were making, but what you said at around 8:00 about the relationship between display features and gigantism got me thinking. If you already have one of those characteristics, hiding is no longer a priority, and so the drawbacks of the other characteristic become less significant. If you already have bright ornamentation, becoming easier to spot is no longer a concern when growing larger. If you are absolutely enormous, everything can already see you from a mile off, so why not evolve bright colours or display structures. The bar is already so low, that there's little you can do to make it lower. I don't know how sound that thought process is, please feel free to correct me if I'm wrong, but I can't help liking the idea that, in ground-dwelling, non-avian dinosaurs, as a species gets bigger it can afford to become more vibrant. It's sort of the inverse of the point you made, but still, got me thinking. Great video as always, cheers.

[@Stu161]

I was thinking that the genetic/endocrine processes which cause the species to grow might initially manifest as growths of bone mass in the head. if i wanted to make a really big leap i might be tempted to tie this in with the tumours found in the final specimen discussed; it's possible environmental pressure prioritized size increase and rapid maturity at the cost of susceptibility to tissue growths as well as bone growths (ie crests)

[@Eserchie]

I suspect the two are also linked by sharing selection pressure - specifically, intra specific competition for mates or territory, and linked by the developmental processses involved - the display structures are more responsive to growth stimuli (which is why they form as the animal grows), so any increase in growth hormones has even more impact on display structures, so if selection pressure favors size increase, over generations relative crest size also increases. Similarly, any selection pressure for larger display structures finds an existing variation in growth rates / body size, and favors gigantism as a way to increase both absolute and relative crest size.

[@tylerbennett2123]

@@Stu161 Yes! I love the critical physiology perspectives.

[@TragoudistrosMPH]

That makes sense. Evolution gets fuzzy when people explain "ideal" situations about how traits should manifest. Did it reproduce? If so, it's traits were good enough. If it reproduced more, any traits it had get passed down. We know genes often get reused, so maybe the crests grew proportionally to some other aspect of the organism's growth.

[@sampagano205]

A rattle isn't actually necessary to making a noise that sounds a lot like a rattlesnake, there's actually a decent number of snake species that mimic the sound of a rattlesnakes rattle as a form of batesian mimicry just by hissing in a specific way. So on that front it's not impossible. It's just wildly unlikely.

[@sampagano205]

Bullsnakes are the most famous for their ability to do this since they're arguably the best at it.

[@dannyeisenga]

@@sampagano205 The movie Dilo rattled while roaring though, if I remember right.

[@gurrenrodan3801]

@@dannyeisenga The frill does shake, as Steven mentioned; so one could infer the rattling sound was directly connected to the frill. Saw-scaled vipers can produce a rasping sound by rubbing their scales together, so maaaaaybe the film Dilo has a similar function built into the scales on its frill.....???? It's a stretch.

[@brianzulauf2974]

These videos are helping me make anatomically accurate yet abstract paleoart.

[@projectd.s.g462]

The book version of the Dilo was actually more accurate than the movie they have the proper size and don't have frills

[@spartanxdarth201]

Book version was awesome

[@josephbrand7556]

Book was so much more gruesome. I love it. Not to mention how the Raptors (Deinonychus) of JP2 (The Lost World) are accurately sized.

[@davidwinn2575]

So happy to see you talking again about one of my favorites. It's always really sucked that the JP version has really limited the amount of accurate toys and models of dilophosaurus, and I really wish we would see people take more artistic license in depicting a possibly accurate version in the future.

[@charlotteforte91]

every time a new YDaW video is launched is a day that's been saved. Thanks for this informative revision!

[@evilmagicwizard]

I think it’d be cool to see a video on why and how sauropods were so big. I read a book that talked about the subject and I think it’d be a really interesting topic to dive deeper on. Even if its not the kind of think y’all usually do.

[@kingcockroach.]

The best video to watch while working on my coursework (drawing illustrations for a dinosaur children's book). This is so good, i love dilophosaurus

[@aliendilo3105]

I'm so happy you made this! I've been wanting to see your thoughts on the updated Dilo and you did not disappoint. I actually learnt so much more than what I expected from this! Great work, dilo fan approved!

[@mastersheff37]

I always knew the JP depiction was bogus, but it was still great to see it fleshed out. Also great to see that we're still learning new information about it!

[@gergopiroska5749]

JP is a movie not a documentary Also JP doesn't have dinosaurs but hybrid animals with really few dino dna in them And it was an infant in the movie

[@kuitaranheatmorus9932]

Glad to see the return of the Dilo with a new YDAW video,and that's just so amazing to me and this channel never fails to make me happy Also I wish yall have a great day,you amazing peps

[@dishevelleddev]

The animations of how it could use its arms is the cutest thing ive seen in a while.

[@nikmarshall2989]

This is really quite a good one, watched it when it came out, but was sort of distracted at the time. Glad I finally came back for the rewatch.

[@brodyianv]

The way this channel shows the updates on paleontological filed always amazes me, guys! Thanks. And, considering Dilophosaurus is back at the next installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, this video is more than welcome! Thanks again

[@MungkaeX]

Each and every episode of YDAW is a treat. Thank You so much!

[@zenolachance1181]

Every time I watch YDAW I am amazed at your memory! I don't know why you don't have more followers, I am absolutely fascinated watching you describe these inconsistencies. You must have a very high IQ. Keep up the good work! And thank you for another fantastic video!

[@brianlevine871]

I really love the animation of the Dilophosaurus moving around its arms and legs, including picking up that object. It's a great way of showing how these creatures might have functioned when they were alive.

[@thylacinehunter]

I've been eagerly waiting for this day! And its one of my favorite dinosaurs! Thanks once again for an amazing episode! Already cannot wait for the next one!

[@surrival1979]

Excellent visualization of recent papers and contemporary speculations. This is a great dive!

[@NewAge374]

I love the animations in this video, absolutely spot on with the spoken explanation. And it's so adorable too! Seeing a dinosaur manipulate objects with its arms is rare, as we tend to focus on the big mouths and rows of teeth. Even many documentaries don't speculate about the potential uses of the arms, I hope that will be explored many in certain media like videogames. I mean, if science says Dilophosaurus could dance, you just have to follow up on that! :D

[@AlphaNumeric123]

Great video! The discussion about the crests is quite surprising and fascinating

[@aimeemorgado8715]

As always your presentations are fun, informational, and enlightening. Thank you

[@onefortheages5983]

For years this has been my favorite paleo channel, that and Royal Tyrrell Museum speaker series. Awesome vid!! Really love the extra effort and detail you always provide along with crediting all your points.

[@Tuishimi]

I have said it before, but I love that you are not willing to jump to conclusions that cannot be easily supported.

[@carsonianthegreat4672]

Not to mention that Cobras only evolved to spit venom in order to defend themselves against humans. The development of this ability coincided with the arrival of early humans into South Asia. No bipedal animal in Dilophosaurus’ environment would have had large eyes situated on the front of its head, in the way humans do, and been so much taller than it (making spitting the only option).

[@Skycube100]

I would love to have a Spinosaurus revisit but at the same time, we still have so much to learn from said species that I'm not sure if its a good idea to do that now

[@averyvanderlouw1193]

Absolutely love when there’s a new episode, quite honestly mind blowing

[@bluehairash8317]

These illustrations are amazing in this episode

[@Camaniagames]

Another amazing episode. This video not only made me realize how much I didn't know about this animal but it also made me so much more interested in it.

[@berkleypearl2363]

I’m always so happy when y’all put out a new video! Yay!!

[@Kasperl88]

I really like that you folks are going ove and updating your profiles.

[@allthelittleworms]

I literally love that little animation showing the range of possible movement, especially when it goes grabbing stuff. well done

[@platylobiumobtuseangulum1607]

Fascinating update. Brilliantly done. Thankyou.

[@aeyelashbug6311]

The most important part about all these new discoveries is obviously that Dilophosaurus could dance

[@malvina1293]

Hello ! Just a little word to tell you i'm watching your youtube chanel from France and i love it ! Thank you for your work

[@alchemyfarie]

Always love your guy's videos! This was a fun update :)

[@Vesmir789]

Fantastic video as always! Really loved the discussion of the crests and arm mobility. Also, pathology is so interesting; we have so many fossils showing incredible life stories of animals that persevered through injury and deformity for long periods of time. This is even more noteworthy considering how rare fossilization is. These animals were truly resilient!

[@InkGraffiti]

Dilophosaurus has always been one of my favorite dinosaurs - even before jurassic park - and I love all the research finding out new things about it lately! Also, I'm glad you support the idea of feathers on it for no other reason than I really like how dilophosaur looks with feathers. Though the model itself has jurassic-park style raptor hands ( IE broken wrists ) and is very much shrink wrapped, one of my favorite looking dilophosaur models is fully and lovingly feathered and it looks AWESOME lol

[@upsyturvyy]

it's always a treat when you guys upload!!

[@neetones]

My two year-old son is now into dinosaurs and your videos bring me so much joy. I am learning so much and am very grateful for your work and your ability to explain things so well.

[@ten-chan1015]

I want a cross-over story about this Dilo and Big Al, being buddies and helping each other. (One could walk but not grab, the other could grab - kinda - but not walk)

[@tinytimmy8000]

Outstanding video! It’s always a pleasure to have my interest in a species rekindled.

[@KellyClowers]

Thanks for this update, loved this episode!

[@marcospinheiro352]

Amazing and so well updated with great paleo information about this awesome Jurassic dinosaur! Very well done! I'm looking forward for the next video or next dinosaur species video! :D

[@ryeboy86]

Great to have another video from you guys!

[@sophia-helenemeesdetricht1957]

I was under the impression that Dilophosaurus' frill and venom surprise in Jurassic Park was a consequence of having to use extant reptile DNA to fill in gaps in the animal's DNA structure. Like, it is very strange that they would acknowledge that DNA degrades over time and add in a diagetic solution, but then handwave the dilophosaurus with "oops, I guess they were always frilled and also venomous, which I feel like makes more sense if adults were only one meter tall (there are much bigger fish) than it would for a three or four meter tall animal."

[@chrislorusso433]

The DNA degradation and using other reptile/amphibian DNA to fill the gaps was Chriton's explanation for why the female dinosaurs were able to produce offspring.

[@sophia-helenemeesdetricht1957]

@@chrislorusso433 I know, I just feel like I've heard elsewhere from some official source or another that the explanation for the obvious wrongness was "one of the reptiles whose DNA was used to fill dilophosaurus' gaps was that of a frilled lizard."

[@taliesincoleman6569]

@@sophia-helenemeesdetricht1957 the DNA explanation CAN still work though. "if their genetic code was pure, many would look qutie different"

[@Heartland.Productions]

God bless you YDAW. Thank you for all your work.

[@scarmoon9395]

I made a literal gasp as soon as I saw this on my subscription page, so excited to watch!

[@NoSkillatBF2]

Normally I don't comment on youtube-videos, but my love for you guys (and the algorithm wanting to be fed comments :D) makes me! Thanks for the great videos and all the work that accompanys them!

[@RuYourBoat]

I adore this show and am so grateful for your work. :) Thank you!

[@semaj_5022]

Omg yess. New YDAW!! Love you guys so much

[@roarimatrex]

great episode :) love your work as always

[@goldeaglekroll1596]

Dilophosaurus Is one of my favorite dinosaurs. Thank you for the updates. When I was young the Dilophosaurus toy that I had Was the one from Jurassic park. Ironically, I preferred it without the frill. Maybe one day a mummified specimen will be found. Please keep the videos coming.

[@DinosaursReanimated]

Thanks for the shoutout!!! And great video!!!! LOVE that air sac diagram!

[@istormarts6078]

I’m working on making a dinosaur coloring book and try to make the dinosaurs accurate to current info on how they looked, and was just about to draw the Dilophosaurus when I saw this! Which is perfect help for me! Love all your videos!

[@stroopwafelfalafel]

Sweet! Congrats on the new video!

[@mastafoo886]

my day has been made, and i havent even hit play yet. Thank you!!!

[@TheKobraKnight]

Always love when they upload

[@humanspoder777]

This is the best content to just chill to, happy Sunday y'all 🦖

[@Member3285]

I love your specificity. ⭐ gold star, amigo.

[@seanmckelvey6618]

I always look forward to these videos & I was hoping you'd address the new papers regarding Dilophosaurus as it's been one of my favorite theropods ever since I was a kid. I also have to admit that hearing the description of the holotype individuals messed up arms made me wince a little, really just goes to show how tough these animals were.

[@Bizob2010]

Love it! Any chance you all could do an episode on dinosaur footprints (& other geological stuff like water ripple marks)? Especially how stuff like that forms?

[@zyemionzsglobalconcerns]

Nice 👍 awesome update on dilophosaurus keep up the great work.

[@SawdEndymon]

An update on my favorite dinosaur? *HELL YES!!!*

[@amadeus_k2466]

Brilliant as always, best greetings from Vienna, Austria!

[@thylascene]

this is such an informative video, also can we talk about those animations for the limb movement/articulation? those were adorable

[@emiliuszchyba6690]

The animations in this video are both informative and really darn cute