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@muhammadmushtaq1382
@muhammadmushtaq1382 Ай бұрын
Nice Good awareness massage سوشل موبلائیزر محمد مشتاق یونس آباد ڈسکہ ٹو محکمہ بہبود آبادی ضلع سیالکوٹ
@Mateos333
@Mateos333 5 ай бұрын
I've tried this kind of medicine with duration of 25 days treatment and it was so easy, unfortunately on day 28 I returned into addiction. Now you need to have about 2 months of brake if you would like to try again and I will in upcoming days! But now I have to set a plan, a goal of 100 days abstinence in my mind, previously I was about to 25 + 7 days without medication just to check if there were any side effects. There were none physical but some physiological catched me :) good luck everyone, worth to try
@CashelOConnolly
@CashelOConnolly 6 ай бұрын
If cytisine pills can help me stop smoking great,I’m 23 and smoke around 40-60 cigarettes a day😳 I’ve tried everything,I have the will power but the effects of stopping smoking is a nightmare and I’m of an extremely nervous disposition . When I’ve tried to stop smoking before every small sound would make me jump out of my skin , I’d get so jittery I could hardly hold a spoon and I’d get depressed,also I’d get fixated on those who were smoking. I lift weights every day and swim up to two hours each day,I know if I don’t stop now by the time I’m 30 I’ll not be able to do any of those things!! I gave up drinking alcohol 2 years ago because I was getting drunk every day,I knew alcohol was controlling me,I wasn’t controlling alcohol. I found it easier to stop drinking alcohol than quitting smoking!!
@fayiaforay
@fayiaforay 6 ай бұрын
Thanks for this.
@leila466
@leila466 7 ай бұрын
👌
@r.j.a.jtactical1901
@r.j.a.jtactical1901 7 ай бұрын
Awesome video🎖️💯🎖️
@mathieurobert-sjaume-langl6116
@mathieurobert-sjaume-langl6116 Жыл бұрын
Thanks !!
@shedrides5206
@shedrides5206 Жыл бұрын
Bought the book but needed a short overview to grasp the basics first. This was perfect. Thank you.
@caricue
@caricue Жыл бұрын
The problem I have with all of these discussions is that they start out talking philosophy, but by the end they are describing physical attributes of nature. If you want to know about nature and how it works, you have to start with observation and go from there, but at no point will you find ethics or morality since these things don't exist in nature.
@mariannehitchen2224
@mariannehitchen2224 Жыл бұрын
A very lucid and enjoyable presentation of the ways in which we think about free will. I agree with Dr Horner’s concluding remark - that freedom is so much more than mere freedom of choice. More please!
@reasontruthandlogic
@reasontruthandlogic Жыл бұрын
It has often been pointed out that the only alternative to physical determinism is physical indeterminism, and that if things only happened at random then no kind of deliberate control, conscious or otherwise, would be possible - which it most certainly is. The fact is that physical and psychological explanation are very different ways of describing exactly the same world. In so far as the world as experienced by any conscious being, it is entirely subjective. Yet within that world we infer the coexistence of an external objective world. Descartes himself, the often supposed main proponent of mind-body dualism, pointed out that at the point where these worlds interact, where the objective impinges on the subjective via the senses, and the subjective on the objective via free will, motor control and the limbic system, there is a transitional state between these two modes of existence which is neither wholly subjective or objective. The moment of subjective-objective transition, where the past meets the future in the present, is momentary and can by definition never be either experienced or observed because the processes of wilful control and of observation both require order 10 milliseconds to occur. It is within this neither mind nor body transition state of existence that certain other-worldly phenomena arise, including mathematics, weird quantum physics effects, consciousness and meaning. In particular, the subjective meaning of all words and concepts fade out and cease to exist, along with their subjective instantiation, disappearing via non reflective pure animal experience. The closer the wilful action of any kind is observed, the more completely determined it becomes. Crime first appears due less to evil and more to lack of education, ingrained ideology, poverty, mind altering drugs or mental disease. Even closer and all wilful behaviour is directly due to electro-chemical reactions between brain cells, complex molecules, atoms, sub-atomic particles, quantum effects and, finally, the mathematical rules of physics - whose outcome, even when the present physical state is accurately measured, are generally beyond practical computation.
@caricue
@caricue Жыл бұрын
It is an unreasonable standard to require 100% ontological surety in what we can know about the external world. It's not untrue that our experience is subjective, but we have many ways (like the scientific method) to interrogate nature and arrive at a reasonable level of confidence in what we know. One thing I know for sure is that the concept of determinism is not how the world works. The parts do not control the whole and the past does not control the present. Even our human level idea of causation is just an artifact of our minds, even though it is the most useful illusion ever. We are able to use our prodigious memories and fanciful imaginations to look back in time and construct elaborate chains of causation which inevitably lead to whatever actually happened, but these chains don't actually exist. The most you can say is that everything causes everything, which isn't particularly useful.
@daveedwards7833
@daveedwards7833 Жыл бұрын
Wonderful discussion. I hope there will be a part 2 to take up the conversation where this one ends!
@unlockingbehaviourchange
@unlockingbehaviourchange Жыл бұрын
Thanks Dave. Actually Martin's really interesting points made me thinking of doing something about how theories and models of behavioural science treat free will and agency. Thus we have Self Determination Theory, Perceived Behavioural Control, Self-efficacy, Locus of Control and many others. And of course we do have pretty good data on the influence of these factors on behaviour - much of showing that increasing perceived control and agency facilitates behaviour change.
@martinbutler1075
@martinbutler1075 Жыл бұрын
With regards to our own actions and those we directly interact with, I don't think there is a serious option of denying freewill. Now this might ultimately only be a matter of seeing the world as if free will exists, nevertheless this 'as if' is unavoidable. As soon as we do treat others behaviour (or our own) as inevitable we are dehumanising them. Responsibility is baked into our notion of human being.
@chrishorner7679
@chrishorner7679 Жыл бұрын
We certainly act 'as if', I do agree. But awareness of Hume's point, and other similar ones, might make us less quick to moralise when we don't need to. It might increase compassion, or at least temper our desire to hang and flog. Especially when we reflect on our own actions, and contemplate the tendency to find extenuating factors for the Dear Self, while typically withholding them when considering the actions of others.
@unlockingbehaviourchange
@unlockingbehaviourchange Жыл бұрын
I think this is what Chris refers to as the 'pragmatist' position and it is beguiling but it comes with problems as Chris points out. As a behavioural scientist, I think there is a way of finessing the issue of attributing agency and responsibility with the idea that there are many areas in our life where we make choices and many where we don't. Precisely BECAUSE those choices (and behaviours in which we just act) are subject to the laws of cause and effect, if we want to influence behaviour, as we so often do, we should consider when and how ascribing responsibility will achieve the desired outcome. What we should not do is to automatically turn to responsibility as the primary or only means of influencing behaviour - partly because there are so many occasions when we are not in a position to make choices and partly because when we are in a position to do so, there may be much better ways of influencing behaviour (e.g. creating an environment that constrains the choice).
@martinbutler1075
@martinbutler1075 Жыл бұрын
@@unlockingbehaviourchange We perhaps need to distinguish the professional role of trying to help someone change their behaviour where the relationship is that of professional to client, and our relationships with friends and family who we relate to on an equal footing. In the first case we can try to identify problem behaviours and change the causes that lead to them. But we would surely not want to manipulate our partners behaviour using operant conditioning. If our partner behaves badly towards us (or vice versa) it would be very odd to treat this as simply the result of a complex set of causal conditions! To interact with someone as a human being is to have feelings of praise, resentment, gratitude, annoyance, anger, love, and so on. These feelings only make sense if we give that person the status of an autonomous being.
@martinbutler1075
@martinbutler1075 Жыл бұрын
One distinction that seems to have been ignored is that between responsibility and punishment. It seemed to have been assumed that if someone is seen as responsible for a bad action then they must be punished. Surely the mental state of acknowledging responsibility is a first step to behaviour change. It may well be enough for acknowledgement of responsibility. That individual may or may not be punished but this is a different question.
@chrishorner7679
@chrishorner7679 Жыл бұрын
Responsibility: I think it might or might not be, since some behaviour isn't 'willed' in any sense of the term; quite where willing starts if it really does, is part of the question being addressed. Some we will view as chosen in our ordinary use of language, some not. How we view what we do, and acknowledging our role in past events can certainly change what we do next. As for punishment, yes, that's different again. I see no justification for retributive punishment. Maybe deterrence is a justification for inflicting the harm we call 'punishment'. Maybe. But to quote Nietzsche: ' I distrust all those in whom the urge to punish is strong'.
@martinbutler1075
@martinbutler1075 Жыл бұрын
@@chrishorner7679 Yes well of course there are some acts we might fully acknowledge were not within a person's control and so not their responsibility. Someone sleep walking or under the influence of a powerful drug. But such cases only make sense because we understand cases where we can ascribe full responsibility. There are indeed borderline cases. The legal category of 'diminished responsibility' acknowledges this. But again this reinforces the idea that there must be some cases where there is no dimished responsibility. I agree retribution as an official motive for punishment is not a good idea. But it would be difficult to extinguish in extreme cases. If someone murders your child it would be very difficult to extinguish all feelings retribution.
@chrishorner7679
@chrishorner7679 Жыл бұрын
@@martinbutler1075 One's feelings might be strong, and still wrong. In less extreme cases focusing on the action/behaviour rather than the moral turpitude of the person who performed them might be a way to go.
@martinbutler1075
@martinbutler1075 Жыл бұрын
@@chrishorner7679 What I have a problem with is the assumption that an enlightened criminal justice system is incompatible with the ideas of free will, responsibility or autonomy. Of course from the societal point of view crime is very strongly linked to all sorts of risk factors such as poverty, social class, and poor education. Without serious change in these areas progress is impossible. However from a subjective point of view when dealing with offenders it is degrading and completely unhelpful to treat people as the passive victim of circumstances. Empowering offenders to take responsibility for their own actions is to give them dignity. This goes together with social support, better education, etc.
@davidlock1685
@davidlock1685 Жыл бұрын
Very helpful. Thank you for sharing this.