That's a great question! Generally, both leg cues and rein pressure are used in conjunction. Riders often apply leg cues to signal the turn and use reins to guide and support that movement. Some might apply a touch of pressure on the reins simultaneously with the leg cue, while others might follow up with rein pressure after the leg cue to reinforce the direction. It really depends on the horse and the rider’s style.

Thank you! I completely agree with you, building trust with him is essential and that it's a long-term process. Two weeks definitely seems like a short time for such significant changes, especially after a big event like being gelded.

Hills can be a really helpful tool for teaching your horse to canter and for building up a rider's confidence in the canter.

Thank you so much!!

I'm around 5'6 inches tall.

It depends on the horses training. Taking your other leg off (removing the pressure from that side) can help the horse understand to move/turn in that direction. Good luck on your next lesson!

I've been riding for almost 10 years now; I was 40 when I got back into horses. It's never too late to pursue your passion for horses, and I'm glad I could provide some hope for you. ❤

@@horsetraining101 I appreciate you saying that, thanks!! 🙏🏽

I highly recommend using a bareback pad. I use mine all the time, especially in the summer. They keep my pants clean, and the padding makes it more comfortable for me and the horse.

Always using the same cues or signals and rewarding every try. Consistency is the most important thing to teaching a horse anything, it helps the horse understand what is expected of them and builds trust.

With some caveats, I will say that this almost entirely right. The only problem I have is that many people will misunderstand, in many different ways, what was said about using a hand, hat, or crop, etc on their bum. I could write a book about all the different ways that will be misunderstood. It should have been emphasized that we are not intending to use pain. 99% of the time you don't even need to touch them with the crop (A thing that looks like a small whip, about 2 feet long, and is easy to carry with a wrist strap on it. ) or a hat, small tree branch or whatever. Just waving it in that direction will usually work. And I am not talking about using fear either! I'm talking about a hypothetical horse that has never been hit in their life. Most of them, even without being taught the cue, will move forward from a movement around their rear. It fits the classical definition of "pressure" in the training methods using "Pressure And Release." Anybody who wants to be around horses in any capacity needs to understand the concepts involved in Pressure And Release, so anyone who does not understand it thoroughly needs to do quite a lot of READING on it. NOT WATCHING VIDEOS, BUT READING PRINTED INFORMATION. Mainly from books, but there could also be good info on some websites. Even Wikipedia has lots of great horse info, but I haven't yet checked their coverage of horse training. I think whatever they have would only be very, very basic, but it's a good place to start. Josie, at the channel Basic Horse Training, has an excellent course, but it's not free. You get what you pay for. There is no good, complete training information available for free on KZbin just bits and pieces all over the place, very randomly. I like Josie's instructions. They are usually pretty complete, but even she assumes her students know some things already, which is wrong. I would go from Wikipedia to reading books on it. Amazon has many, for cheap, in used condition. There are no videos that explain it properly. Every video I have ever seen on tries to rush through it and leaves many of the viewers thinking "Huh?! I don't really get it!" They make too many assumptions on what people already know. A good teacher assumes some of their students know nothing whatsoever. Only in that way can a person gain a thorough understanding of the subject. Back to what the comment above said, regarding waving crops, hats, etc. If a wave of the object produces no result, the rider can try just a very light tap. If that too does not work, you must get off and lead them past the area they are balking at. By continuing to tap them with it, even just very lightly, you will be teaching them the wrong things, and screwing them up. So don't. Lead them past that point instead, then remount. Then, when back at the barn, you do everything normally to untack, water, brush them, and clean their feet. They will have had enough for that day. But the next day you must start doing extensive groundwork with them, as the OP and the video both said. To keep riding them with this problem will only worsen it. Exact details of the groundwork will depend on the horse's individual needs. I most thoroughly support all that was said about groundwork. If that is not done, the horse will just get worse and worse over time. Besides being cruel, hitting horses is NEVER the answer, for all the reasons the video and the OP stated. It only confuses the horse, so it always just compounds any problems, and wrecks the horse for all time! There are few problems that can't be solved by an expert in groundwork. We should all work toward becoming one, because our horses need to constantly be trained. If they are not, then they are being untrained, or actually being trained new bad habits. But we need to not make it a chore for them or for us, othwise it won't get done, or won't have the right results. That alone would cover at least one whole chapter of a book! We all start small, and that's ok! Have fun with it! See if there are any clubs or groups you can join. Your riding will be so much better for it. ❤

That's why many old horses are the best for beginners and are exactly what they need. Sadly, many people go for the flashy young horse that ends up disastrously for the horse and the human too usually. The worst are the parents who buy a young horse for their beginner kids. I've heard it 10k times, "they can grow up and learn together". I've seen too many of those to count at sales that have learned all the bad and end up on truck to Mexico....unless a random horseman saves them.

​@@tracyjohnson5023 100 percent beginners should be on 'been there done that' older horses, who will teach the kid to ride and give them confidence...yes, so sad all these nice horses that end of on those trucks taking the blame instead of the ignorant and stubborn humans.

Even though the leg cue is the same for the side pass and turn. How I use my seat and reins tells the horse which one I'm asking for. Hope that answers your question.