@@gopalijagude4786 Thanks!

I think this is a valid contention for the wording of "children", but other aspects of the question indicate Kohlberg as a better answer choice, as Piaget included only 2 stages of moral development (heteronomous and autonomous), and Kohlberg referred to 3 levels of moral reasoning. Thanks for commenting!

@@Gela29 There are some variations for how data can be summarized and presented as well as other types of columns that could be included, so you may see some exceptions to the examples and guidelines I've given here. Feel free to ask if you have any questions about specific aspects of a table.

Glad I can help!

@@shirakumo_tubame If you find the complete playlist with all intro videos on the channel page, all the videos are in order and so the position in the playlist (at the top of the playlist box) matches the video title number. Hope this helps!

@adityapandey8319 Great question, I didn't fully explain this in detail here as it has to do with probability. Essentially, the lower the first score, the greater the probability the second score will fall above that point, leading to a less extreme average. By taking the average of 2 scores, extreme scores are still possible but half as likely to occur. For a more detailed explanation and examples, you can see some of my other replies to comments here. Hope this helps!

@@lonewalker1595 Hi, this playlist covers all areas of introductory psychology so some topics may not be as relevant for you. I don't have any specific counseling playlists but you may want to check out the specific unit playlists on the channel for developmental psychology, stress & health, and clinical psychology to find background information that would be most relevant to a counseling program. Hope this helps!

How does one piece helped ?

@@B-SharpBenchmarksit was a video with both with argument for nature, being doflamingo and corazon, and an argument for nurture, being the effect both of them respectively had on law.

@@Frogofwiseness I remember that ARC. Have to revisit to remember how it concerns itself with psychology.

You're welcome!

You're welcome. I don't know which areas are causing your suffering, but I'd generally recommend drawing as much as possible when learning biology. Your drawings don't have to be good or artistic, but attempting them will force you to pay careful attention to details and structures and should also help you to remember more. Let me know if this ends up being helpful!

Thank you!

Hi, glad to hear that! While there are some online programs for psychology I don't have any experience with them and don't have any specific recommendations. If you're currently a medical student I would suggest asking about any psychology-related courses at your university that you might be able to add into your program.

@@PsychExamReview Thanks for your suggestion!

You're welcome!

I do have a general video on the Rorschach test here if you haven't seen it: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rqDOXoqeZsaqicUsi=OUWuD70cEjgxhs75 I probably won't be making a more detailed video on the Rorschach test since I'm not a proponent of the test's use and other assessments seem to have greater validity and reliability. I'm not a clinical or forensic psychologist so my opinion may not really matter, but I tend to side with critics of the test and see it as a rather flawed approach to assessing personality. Thanks for commenting!

Glad it helped!

You're welcome!

The problem with this approach (known as a Martingale strategy) is that the upside is constrained and the downside is much larger, even though it is less probable. If we had a game with 50/50 odds (like a coin flip), we could plan to double our bet each round and stop whenever we win. So if we bet $5 and win we stop. But if we lose we have to bet $10 on the second round. If we win, we're still only up by $5 overall, but if we lose we have to bet $20 for the 3rd round to cover previous losses and still be up $5. This continues for each subsequent round. This means that the maximum we could win at any point is only $5 (because that's when we stop), but the total we could lose would be $315 if we were really unlucky and lost all 6. Would you want to risk losing a total of $315 in order to win $5? I wouldn't consider this a "safe" strategy because of how much you might have to risk in order to get a small gain. The coin doesn't remember the previous flips, so each round has 50/50 odds, but in later rounds you're risking very large losses for a tiny overall gain (your wallet does remember the previous losses 😅). You probably wouldn't want to play a single game where you'd have to risk $160 to win $5 with 50/50 odds (which is essentially what you'd be doing in round 6), and you're probably only willing to take that risk because of the previous sunk costs of losing rounds 1-5. In order to nearly guarantee a gain of $5 we'd need a very large bankroll relative to our first bet because we don't know how long we might have to play (it might be more than 6 before we win). In practice this is why casinos have maximum stakes, so you can't carry this on indefinitely until you win (eventually you won't be allowed to double your bet) even if you had an infinite bankroll. And, of course, they also don't offer 50/50 odds, even for something like red/black on roulette since there are 2 green spaces, giving the house a slight edge on every round.

@@PsychExamReview oh, there's a term for my idea I didn't know about yet. Highly appreciate you mentioned it. Just as I appreciate your detailed explanation, of course. Thank you!

@@Jan-ny6sl You're welcome, glad it was helpful!

Thanks!

All practice question videos are available in this playlist, or you can find one question video at the end of each unit playlist: Psychology Practice Questions - kzbin.info/aero/PLkKvotUGCyLdlWlX1XbKssmpd03V5S__Y

@@PsychExamReview Thank you so much, I appreciate your effort sir !^^

@@SlOth-gm4qg You're welcome, hope these are helpful for you!

Glad to hear that!

You're welcome, hope it's helpful!

We could say that data is referring to specific and carefully collected measurements, which can then provide evidence for or against a hypothesis that tries to explain some phenomenon. In this case the data would be the skull measurements and observed faculties, and these would provide possible evidence for the existence of a relationship between skull shapes and mental abilities. Hope this helps!

You're welcome!

You're welcome!

This is a deep philosophical question and a monist approach in psychology assumes that these feelings result from physiological patterns of activity from millions of cells communicating. This assumption may not be correct, but within psychological research there's generally a focus on providing physiological explanations for all thoughts, feelings, and emotions, rather than non-material explanations that can't be directly observed. It may be the case that we do have a non-material soul, but this type of explanation would generally be considered a philosophical or theological explanation rather than a formal scientific psychological explanation for thought or behavior. Hope this is clearer!

Glad you liked it!

Glad it was helpful!

You're welcome!

Glad to hear that, thanks for the support!

Glad you liked it! I don't have any related videos on those topics yet, but I may eventually get to creating a video on log and square root transformations in the future.

I'd recommend starting with a general overview so you can become aware of the different areas of psychology and some of the general principles for thinking about psychological topics. It's important to have a sense of the main approaches (biological, behavioral, cognitive, sociocultural) before choosing a specific area so that you know how different perspectives would approach it; what types of questions each would consider and how these might fit together. I have a playlist of all of my intro psych videos in order on my channel, or you could choose from the playlists by unit. These are also organized as a free open course here: psychexamreview.com/open-course/ Hope this helps, feel free to ask in the comments if you have specific questions on any videos!

@@PsychExamReview thank you very much I will go to the playlist I don't know what I should study first but I think I love to know how people think and how can I control my mind and why people do some things they don't like it and where our ideas came from and How can I manipulate people? Not to do bad things to people just to have knowledge abbreviation Why we think ? I think that question is nothing

@@AHMEDTANJAWI-ms5qv What you'll discover is that this is actually an infinitely complex question (though that shouldn't be discouraging!). Trying to fully understand why someone has a particular thought or engages in a certain behavior means that we would need to consider their biology (genes, hormones, neurotransmitters, brain function) both at that moment and potentially extending over millions of years of the evolutionary past, their previous experience with the world (rewards, punishments, & other environmental factors, which also influence gene expression) leading up to that moment, their patterns of thinking, language use, and stored knowledge and perceptions of the world (called schema) as well as potential distortions & biases that may influence which of these they are drawing from, as well as their culture, past social experiences and relationships, and their unique interpretation of this particular social interaction. Identifying a definitive answer that incorporates all of these is essentially impossible, but that doesn't mean that we can't draw any conclusions or consider the most important factors for some types of thoughts or behaviors. So psychologists using different approaches may focus on the importance of different aspects for certain situations, but this doesn't mean that one explanation will always be correct or will be the "best" explanation for other thoughts or behaviors or for other individuals (though some psychologists occasionally seem to forget to keep this in mind). Hopefully this glimpse of the complexity of human thought and behavior inspires you to want to learn more; don't accept simple answers and remember there are almost always more possibilities to consider.

You're right, this is technically possible with small sample sizes where the mean can be a poor measure of central tendency and median or mode would be better (both would be 99 in this case). This is also a good reminder to students not to focus on the "class average" on an exam in a small class, because 1 or 2 low scores can make most students believe they scored "above average". But this is much less likely to occur with large sample sizes and when estimating the population mean for a trait that is normally distributed.

Great question, this formula is just a broad-sense estimate, so there are some limitations that can inflate the heritability and in some cases this can lead to heritability greater than 1.0, which is obviously impossible. This calculation doesn't consider that MZ twins may have more shared environment than DZ twins and gene-environment interactions may make their environments more similar (the formula assumes these are the same for MZ and DZ twins). As a result this can misattribute some environmental factors to genetics. Hope this helps!

If I had a categorical variable like choosing a preferred color; red, blue, yellow, or green, and all 20 participants chose red, and 0 chose any other colors, then "red" would be the mode, with zero variation. This would not be a uniform distribution, in which all responses are equally frequent, which would occur if there were 5 responses for each color, in which case there would not be a mode. Hope this helps!

You're welcome!

Great question, I probably should have worded this more clearly; in sufferers normal pleasures aren't present, but they are present in healthy people. The name "anhedonia" means "without pleasure" so healthy people do have pleasure responses to things like food, hobbies, etc. but this pleasure is absent in sufferers, so saying they show anhedonia means the normal pleasure responses are not present, making it a negative symptom.

Glad I can help!