@@samroller5788 the mouth is a potential leak. In adults, bipap masks can be used to stop mouth leaks and maintain CPAP. That option doesn’t exist in the NICU so pacifiers or chin straps become and option. Unfortunately, cannula prongs are very far from the expiratory limb. If a baby needs to exhale CO2, they have to do so around the prongs or out of the mouth. In a true NCPAP interface, the nose of the baby is very close to the expiratory limb making it possible to exhale out of the nose without increasing the work of breathing. You can keep the mouth closed with a pacifier and baby can still safely exhale CO2

@@samroller5788 if I said peep of 25 I meant pip of 25 and peep of 5. I speak faster than my brain sometimes.

@@nickl.7305 when I set the bubble CPAP to 5 cmH2O, the green RAM consistently reads about 2 cmH2O and the blue (which is bigger with more occlusions) reads 3 cmH2O.