24 Different VIOLIN BOWING Techniques

I explain and show 24 different bow strokes on the violin with examples from the best concert violinists and the most beautiful violin repertoire in classical music. Watch my UPDATED version with 102 violin bowing techniques, terms and symbols: • ALL 102 VIOLIN BOWING ...
Download my overview of all bowing techniques here: violinlounge.com/24-different...
SUBSCRIBE: kzbin.info_c...
EXTRA RESOURCES
Check out my KZbin playlist with all my lessons about bowing technique on the violin: • How to Lose Your Fear ...
5 Tips to bow smoothly on the violin: violinlounge.com/5-tips-to-bo...
4 Differences between spiccato and sautillé: violinlounge.com/4-difference...
Tremolo tips: violinlounge.com/how-to-play-...
Learn about contact points: violinlounge.com/article/colo...
Notation of these bowing techniques in sheet music: • Notation of VIOLIN BOW...
Take lessons with me: bowlikeapro.com/
TABLE OF CONTENTS
00:41 Detaché
01:31 Detaché Collé
01:49 Detaché Porté
02:08 Son Filé
02:33 Legato
03:07 Portato
03:47 Double Stops
04:29 Chords
05:02 Triple Stops
05:20 Martelé
06:14 Collé
06:56 Martelé Lancé
07:21 Fouetté
07:42 Solid Staccato
08:13 Flying Staccato
08:43 Spiccato
10:01 Flying Spiccato
10:42 Sautillé
11:17 Ricochet
11:56 Jumping Arpeggio
12:30 Tremolo
13:01 Col legno
13:24 Sul Ponticello
13:32 Sul Tasto
13:51 Flautato
14:45 Chopping (fiddle)
PERFORMANCE EXAMPLES
Detaché - Bach partita E major - Perlman: • Itzhak Perlman: J.S. B...
Detaché - Paganini 16th caprice - Fischer: • julia fischer plays pa...
Son filé - Bruch violin concerto - Jansen: • Janine Jansen: Violin ...
Legato - Tschaikovsky violin concerto - Bell: • Joshua Bell - Tchaikov...
Portato - Mendelssoh violin concerto - Hahn: • Video
Double stops - Bach 2nd violin sonata - Ehnes: • J. S. Bach: 2. Violins...
Chords - Bach Chaconne - Vengerov: • Video
Triple stops - Brahms violin concerto - Zimmerman: • Johannes Brahms Violin...
Martelé - Sibelius violin concerto - Kavakos: • Video
Collé - Tschaikovsky violin concerto - Jansen: • Janine Jansen performs...
Fouetté - Mendelssohn violin concerto - Chen: • Ray Chen Mendelssohn V...
Solid Staccato - Wieniawski polonaise brillante - Zalai: • WIENIAWSKI: Polonaise ...
Flying staccato - Schubert sonatine - Zukerman: • Pinchas Zukerman & Mar...
Spiccato - Beethoven Frühling sonata - Mutter: • Beethoven.Violin.Sonat...
Spiccato - Sarasate Zigeunerweisen - Panfili: • Pablo de Sarasate - Z...
Flying spiccato - Mendelssohn violin concerto - Jansen: • Janine Jansen - Mendel...
Sautillé - Paganini Moto perpetuo - Menuhin: • Video
Ricochet - Paganini 5th caprice - Studer: • N. Paganini Caprice no...
Jumping arpeggio - Mendelssohn violin concerto - Mutter: • Video
Tremolo - Bruckner 7th Symphony - Wiener Philharmoniker: • Video
Col legno - Mozart 5th violin concerto - Mutter: • Video
Flautato - Bach Chaconne - Vengerov: • Video
Chop Technique - Beecher: bowlikeapro.com/
FOLLOW VIOLIN LOUNGE
Instagram: / violinlounge
Facebook: / violinlounge
Twitter: / violinlounge
KZbin channel: / zlatabrouwer

[@violinlounge]

Watch my UPDATED version with 102 violin bowing techniques, terms and symbols: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fIS8mKWXo9aliKM

[@maxverstappennonofficial]

Timestamps: 0:42 Detaché ⚜️ 1:33 Detaché Colle⚜️ 1:51 Detaché Porte 2:10 Son Filé⚜️ 2:33 Legato ⚜️ 3:08 Portato 3:48 Double Stops 4:31 Chords 5:20 Martelé⚜️ 6:16 Martele Colle 6:58 Martelé Lancé 7:24 Fouetté 7:44 Solid Staccato 8:15 Flying Staccato 8:45 Spicatto⚜️ 10:02 Flying Spiccato 10:43 Sautillé⚜️ 11:20 Ricoché 11:57 Jumping Arpeggio 12:32 Tremolo 13:03 Col Legno 13:27 Sul Ponticello 13:34 Sul Tasto 13:54 Flautanto 14:47 Chopping The ones marked with "⚜️" are essential for an Begginer to focus more on them than other ones. Good Luck Practicing everyone!

[@violinlounge]

Thanks!

[@SilhSe]

💯👍thanks

[@arturocabreradiaz]

Excelente , muchísimas gracias ! Saludos desde Milán , Italia.

[@ritabanerjee9103]

Thank you for the beautiful bowings techniques

[@Markrspooner]

I had no idea there were that many violin techniques! When I listen to violin concerto or sonata I had no idea how much was going on beyond playing a note!

[@violinlounge]

Happy you found it insightful!

[@ChristianVegh]

Guitarists have so much to learn about the different ways you can attack notes. Great video!

[@violinlounge]

Glad to read it's useful even for guitarists :)

[@fantineg5769]

So clear, complete and helpfull, thank you so much !

[@violinlounge]

Glad it was helpful!

[@laughia7311]

What an accomplishment this video & its accompanying lists below are! Thank you. I'll be using it with my students over and over.

[@violinlounge]

Great to read that from a fellow teacher. Thank you! 🙏🏻

[@dm-ko6988]

Nicely done, Zlata! Your explanations are great and I loved all the examples with the famous violinists. Thank you!

[@violinlounge]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@painterdawn2]

I was just wishing for a video like this, thank you. I love your background and your hair is fantastic!

[@violinlounge]

Thank you so much!

[@kathrynramsay6789]

Thank you so much for a clear and concise explanation of all the bow strokes. Fabulous.

[@violinlounge]

Glad it was helpful!

[@Zoutsteen]

very nice explanations with examples. Wonderful!

[@violinlounge]

Glad it's useful to you :).

[@dolceviolins9535]

Thank you so much for this! Absolutely love that you put real pieces side by side with the explanation!

[@violinlounge]

Glad you like it! Something bigger is coming up soon 🥁🥁

[@littlebosmer3084]

Thank you very much for this great video! It helps me very much to distinguish the different bow techniques.

[@violinlounge]

Little Bosmer yay! Thanks for watching!

[@robertwaroff4303]

Wow! Thank you!ii will have to watch this many times just to be able to pick out the bowings in the videos!

[@violinlounge]

Yay, make sure to share your favorite examples if you find them :).

[@vanessaweemsss5740]

Wow, you explained everything so well. I really enjoy listening to your tutorials, because they include theory, techniques; improper movements, and you also give the names of the music you are using exemplify the various violin/bow techniques. Thank you very much, I'm so happy I ran into. your videos.

[@violinlounge]

That's great to hear, Maria, happy to help and I'm always open to suggestions for future videos (although I can't guarantee making them).

[@janetfroomes4077]

Lovely and succinct overview. Baby sounds in the background is a nice touch!

[@violinlounge]

Haha, glad you appreciate!

[@lindaturner957]

Amazing information in one place! Thank you so much!

[@violinlounge]

Glad it was helpful!

[@SamanthaHallam]

This is such a great video, well explained and clear, very interesting thank you. I'm constantly working on my bowing technique as well as EVERYTHING ELSE! Looking forward to watching more of your videos. Thank you.

[@violinlounge]

Glad it was helpful!

[@fareedshah4417]

Really nice idea to put it together like this. A wide array of bowing techniques indeed- very interesting and engaging.

[@violinlounge]

Glad you liked it!

[@johnyang1117]

Such a wonderful introduction! Thanks Lots!

[@violinlounge]

You're very welcome!

[@YngwieAlisson]

Amazing, just all I have needed

[@violinlounge]

Awesome!

[@GSunNo]

Thanks a lot! Perfect help for me as a composer.

[@violinlounge]

GSunNo awesome! I’ve also got this video on how these bow techniques look like in sheet music: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fIq4nKqFnJ2sg5I

[@leopardtiger1022]

Good collection of violin strokes with examples from great violinists... Antal Zalai, Madoyan, Sumina Studer, Menuhin and more... Thank you for this beautiful video... This is the first video in which all different bowing techniques are beautiful demonstrated.

[@violinlounge]

Thanks for watching ☺️

[@carmelhelene]

This makes me so emotional. Such skill!!!

[@violinlounge]

You’re welcome!

[@tylerrice8003]

Thank you for the demonstrations (Including the examples).

[@violinlounge]

You are welcome!

[@elidixon5758]

Thank you Zlata! Great video as always

[@violinlounge]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@AyleeRose]

This is fabulous, Zlata! After I do my focused practice, I always have fun with the bow, trying different things. I’m already doing some of these, but I had no idea what they were called lolol. This will give me more to try (while learning the correct terminology). Thank you so much! 💕

[@violinlounge]

Yay, enjoy playing with these techniques and everything in between :). Also share your favorite examples if you come across them.

[@TheKilissaCissoko]

An excellent presentation. I am only learning the violin for fun... but this lesson also opened my ears and eyes as a listener! I will much more appreciate violin performances now!

[@violinlounge]

Kilissa Cissoko great to read that, Kilissa

[@Zxouf873]

Yaaay right in time! Thank you for sharing 🌹♥️

[@violinlounge]

ruba zuheir glad you like it!

[@jacobjosephgoudreault3114]

This is just SO helpful! Thank you - just subscribed!

[@violinlounge]

Welcome!

[@jackarmstrong8991]

Thank you posting this video. I am not a Violin player, but it has helped me appreciate the complexities of this beautiful instrument and the people who play it!

[@violinlounge]

Jack Armstrong glad you like it 😊

[@alejandronieto576]

This is the best violin ariticulations video I've seen so far, and I've seen around 5 of them. Great to see real examples of each one. Thanks a lot.

[@violinlounge]

Glad you appreciate 😊

[@alejandronieto576]

​@@violinlounge I just had to watch it again, to understand many things I didn't the first time.

[@pragersowell]

Awesome. Great teacher. Great music.

[@violinlounge]

Thank you 🙏🏻

[@michaeltaylor7407]

Wow!! Thanks Zlata! What a huge amount of work you have done here. What a magnificent video!

[@violinlounge]

My pleasure! (oh yes, it was days of editing, haha)

[@Hirantha_Jayasinghe]

Watch this. Polyphonic playing on violin. kzbin.info/www/bejne/eZykY2WOntyEoJI

[@jjjjjjjj56374]

Thank you so much for this explanation! Blew my mind. Also - I loved the little additions the infant gave in the background. 🙂

[@violinlounge]

Glad you enjoyed it and also the sounds from my baby twins, haha!

[@lindareese4579]

Thank you for your time you took to try and teach us this very hard..but fun subject...and you know what ..I am learning!!

[@violinlounge]

You can do it!

[@davidherd8104]

Absolutely fascinating. Never dreamt that violin playing could have so many variations. I am still trying to make beinner progress so will come back to this later. I have enough technique to get right for the moment.

[@violinlounge]

Great, happy practicing!

[@Sara-wd5lk]

Thank you, very beautiful video! 😊

[@violinlounge]

Thanks! 🙏🏻

[@franklinrodriguez3370]

Excellent video,thanks a lot!

[@violinlounge]

Glad it's helpful :).

[@michaels7889]

Thank you very much Zlata for your reply to this. Both your comment and the demonstration by the charismatic Vivien were of immense help for me to understand better what is really meant. It was easy to imagine the sound but the detail analysis of what is involved with the bow was what was needed. At present I am on overload with building work here and getting myself together in Holland. When this is over I can seriously consider your full teaching videos. It is fun to hear the sounds off from your family. Michael

[@violinlounge]

Michael S I’m glad it’s helpful! Good luck with everything!

[@lindareese4579]

Thank you...I'm going to try to learn all of this on my violin...

[@violinlounge]

You can do it!

[@greenisgreenergg2535]

This was great, thank you!!

[@violinlounge]

You're so welcome!

[@joa.barrera]

Amazing video. Really, really helpful for young composers like me to go beyond the basic articulations and enrich my writing! I hope this will help me to make more interesting and pleasing lines for string players. Thank you! I definitely will recommend your channel!

[@violinlounge]

You're very welcome!

[@miriamlopez3280]

Thank you very very very much.

[@seyramafealete5372]

Thank you!!! Very Educative

[@violinlounge]

Seyram Afealete glad it’s helpful!

[@budiprasojo4948]

Amazing video explanation and sample. Great Job!..I never thought violin is an instrument that we can explore so many things toward them. We can make many experiments on the violin sounds

[@violinlounge]

You’re welcome ☺️

[@eddyagosto8515]

I am so impressed and overwhelmed by such variety of bow strokes, depending on the kind of technical skill on the passage that requires a particular bow stroke, definitely bow is tone, like a pen that can trace different strokes on paper except the paper are the strings.

[@violinlounge]

Great comparison!

[@violinistapacheco]

Very useful video! Bravo 👏

[@violinlounge]

Glad it’s helpful!

[@fancyqanun3483]

Thank you for sharing.

[@violinlounge]

My pleasure!

[@ritabanerjee9103]

Beautiful bowings

[@annettenelson5321]

Thank you so much for sharing your expertise. God bless you. I also love hearing the sweet sound of your babies.

[@violinlounge]

Thank you and blessings, Annette, before you know they will be teaching instead of me, haha!

[@curtpiazza1688]

Thanx...great lesson!

[@violinlounge]

My pleasure!

[@ohtoriginalhimbeertoni]

So cool your videos.. I think you know what you're are talking about! Thank you so much!! I am playing the violin for a short time and it helps me a lot 👍👌😎 Greetings from Bavaria

[@violinlounge]

OHT Original Himbeer Toni great! Greetings from Holland!

[@Nirrk]

Amazing video ! Maybe it would be a good help, if you show the notation signs for the different techniques

[@violinlounge]

Here it is: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fIq4nKqFnJ2sg5I

[@sm9846]

thank you so much zlata ! from Iran

[@violinlounge]

s m greetings from Holland!

[@gilshan636]

its very useful thanks

[@violinlounge]

Glad to hear that

[@darinamarsovska1284]

Thanks a lot!Great job!

[@violinlounge]

Thank you 🙏🏻

[@thisbevanleeuwen-vandenber4242]

Wooow, this is probably one of the most interesting, surprising and clear video's I have ever seen! All the names of the bowing techniques, short explainations of how it works and beautiful concert-details to show the practical performance. Such an eye-opener in 16 minutes! I will watch it again and again! Thanks Zlata, it must have been a lot of work to collect all this exemples and combine them in this overview! XXX

[@violinlounge]

Yay, sounds like my days of editing are worth it! :)

[@EudoraPrice]

Amazing Video!! I agree

[@AccordionandViolinlife]

This is an amazing video.

[@violinlounge]

TheViolinLife thank you 🙏🏻

[@lordwilksy]

Awesome! I think Sul Tasto is my favourite :0

[@schubertzimmerer]

The best video about bowing. Thank You.

[@violinlounge]

Wow, thank you!

[@schubertzimmerer]

Come to teach in Brasil.

[@violinlounge]

@@schubertzimmerer who knows!

[@dixieoswald1234]

I am amazed. at so many bow techniques. The various illustrations are great. Although I'll never achieve these as those musicians,. I certainly like to know what a violist is capable of a thieving. My music appreciation has definitely been enhamced

[@violinlounge]

Great!

[@marcviens8590]

Thank you Zlata! I needed the name of the bowing technique in mind and at 12:28 I found it! TREMOLO! One up on my violinist daughter hahaha! I found your explanations clear, informed and engaging. And the child in the background was not a distraction, it was an enhancement. Next time, interrupt yourself and go get the baby and show it off proudly! The examples from real-world performances are a great idea and indeed, showcase your impressive encyclopedic knowledge. I could only find myself wishing to have a link or info to find the original video you clipped from just to enjoy, but that in no way detracted from your interesting delivery.

[@violinlounge]

You're so kind! I'm glad this is helpful and interesting!

[@stephensheridan93]

Great information! I’m going to make flash cards - Mrs Sheridan @ Stephen Sheridan

[@violinlounge]

Great idea!

[@sudheerpc451]

It is very helpful. Thank you very much. I have suggestion that play any scale with notation of different bowing styles. Thank you

[@violinlounge]

Great suggestion!

[@sindhisarangisindhilokgeet8854]

Excellent mam 🙏

[@violinlounge]

You're welcome!

[@inspirasibisnisayoindonesi997]

I love this video 👍🤩

[@violinlounge]

I'm glad!

[@ricardoross2939]

I am a composer and find this really usefull. Thank you very much

[@violinlounge]

Glad it’s helpful ☺️

[@ThiagoWolf]

Wonderful! Thank you for sharing these amazing content! Which bow stroke would be known as Jeter? Thank you!

[@violinlounge]

Jeter is 'thrown' which is a little like collé.

[@ThiagoWolf]

VIOLIN LOUNGE by Violinist Zlata Understood! Thank you very much for replying

[@krystleperez5745]

Thank you so much 😊 I have an audition on Saturday and my piece is mainly staccato . This really helps! Thanks again!

[@violinlounge]

Great, good luck and enjoy your audition. Let me know how it goes!

[@techgamer7463]

Thank you mam

[@violinlounge]

Thanks for watching!

[@thulsa_doom]

That's an excellent video for composers that don't play violin. Thanks a lot! :)

[@violinlounge]

Felipe M. Happy it’s helpful 😊 I’ve got a video coming up on how these techniques look like in sheet music, so subscribe if you’re interested in that

[@thulsa_doom]

@@violinlounge awesome, you got one subscriber more :)

[@violinlounge]

Felipe M. 🥳

[@JustFiddler]

matur suksma

[@BamdadKhoshghadami]

Hi, thank you very much for the informative videos. What about when consecutive notes are marked with dots and upstrokes without a slur? What kind of staccato is that?

[@BamdadKhoshghadami]

For Example: in The Rite of Spring by Stravinsky : consecutive notes marked with dots & downstrokes

[@violinlounge]

Usually that's collé or jeté. Check out www.violinlounge.com/bowing for more.

[@EudoraPrice]

Ubelievable Sooo ...many!!!Wow I need a few of these at this at this point Some are too advanced for me just yet but so nice and interesting Video love it Thanķs I always Wondered how Violinists do these it seened like Magic to me 🤩💖👍🌹 I love the Wallpaper.... Did you make it?

[@violinlounge]

Wonderful! Haha, no, I bought the wallpaper.

[@EudoraPrice]

@@violinlounge 🤣👍💖💖😘🌹🌹Thank you Greetings to you and your lovely Family Things are a little better slowly after lockdowns and my Singing Job Cancellations in Fall Concerts again then I can do more with Violin lessons I Have a nice violin now am still trying to pray Covid away🙏🤩🤣 we have All enough Blessing s Thank you for Answering And your great Videos! Love and Peace!

[@violinlounge]

@@EudoraPrice wonderful to read things are starting for you again ☺️

[@EudoraPrice]

@@violinlounge Thanks🤩

[@gulmiraparayil9807]

Dear Zlata, this is a wonderful and helpful video, thank you very much. But what is common name for trill, vibrato, glissando...? And how it will be indicated on sheet music? Plz make video on it too. Tnq

[@violinlounge]

I'm happy to read that! I already made a ton of videos about vibrato: kzbin.info/aero/PLVBTuGvv2_iZE82JFD28vAcDdosOmgipS and videos on trills, grace notes and glissando are in the pipeline, so stay tuned!

[@gulmiraparayil9807]

@@violinlounge tnq soooooooooooooooo much

[@billlawton8380]

I'm a beginner on violin. The one technique I hear violinists do a lot is pedaling quickly between two strings, usually the A and E strings. I'm in Suzuki Book 4, Concerto No. 5 in D Major, Op. 22, 1st Mvt. Measures 87 and 88. How do I practice that technique and build up to a faster speed?

[@violinlounge]

Welcome to my channel, Bill! Those are called string crossings. The rule in violin playing here, is that the faster the tempo, the less of your arm moves. So, first you've probably learned slow string crossings with your upper arm. In fast string crossings, you should keep your upper arm still and just move your fingers, wrist and perhaps a little bit of your lower arm. Thanks for giving this example, because I might make a next video on this topic. :) Let me know if this is helpful and see my current videos on string crossings right here: violinlounge.com/?s=fast+string+crossings

[@leopardtiger1022]

Left hand pizzicato is missing... Please include with example of Alexander Markov playing Paganini Caprice 24 variation

[@violinlounge]

Well, pizz is not a bow technique, so I made a separate video on that 🤓☺️ kzbin.info/www/bejne/oZvIhGqPa85_pLM

[@GameOnWithFamilyJam]

Now I can put fancy names to what I do at the end of my practice or when I get frustrated with my left hand lol. If someone asked me to play it or it was written in my music I probably couldn't do it.

[@violinlounge]

Haha, yes! 🤓

[@BarbaraKrolOfficial]

I need to learn this for film scoring. :>

[@violinlounge]

Great!

[@violinlounge]

Just made a video on the notation of these bow techniques in sheet music: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fIq4nKqFnJ2sg5I

[@michaels7889]

Hello Zlata, what exactly is meant by dolce in terms of bow use?

[@violinlounge]

That includes all the proportions to play softly, like tilting the bow, lower point of contact, less weight, maybe lower bow speed, less bow etc. Maybe this video is useful to you: violinlounge.com/how-to-practice-dynamics-in-legato-with-guest-teacher-vivien-hoffman-violin-lounge-tv-351/

[@miriamlopez3280]

Mamma mia!!!

[@srinitaaigaura]

Ok how do you do a martele colle at the tip like the opening of the Tchaikovsky 3rd. At the tip the bow just bounces too much it doesn't stick. All I get is a rattle.

[@violinlounge]

Maybe try it higher up the bow where it’s less bouncy.

[@matend8125]

Ok I subscribe

[@violinlounge]

Welcome 🤗

[@leuphoniemusic]

Can you play flautando in slow tempo? (long notes)

[@violinlounge]

Yes, you can mainly do that by playing around with contact point, weight and tilting the bow.

[@kingtantalus2633]

Hope to see the fast suspense action bowing usually a cliché in old dramatic movies; rapid, just heard it, 'Tremolo', but many different types, so, still confused.

[@violinlounge]

Usually tremolo indeed!

[@deadmanswife3625]

Zlata Is there a name for a bowing technique where you slap the bow down at the beginning of the stroke?

[@violinlounge]

I guess you mean jeté.

[@deadmanswife3625]

@@violinlounge thank you Zlata

[@liamnevilleviolist1809]

Hi Zlata! May I ask if that is the Arcus bow (top tier price range) that you're using? Is it the best of all your bows? I assume you have a collection :)

[@violinlounge]

This Arcus S9 is my go-to bow, but I’ve tried the T series and like it as well.

[@jasminhacker7243]

What about this left hand pizzicato with the bow? I wonder how they do this always 🤔 not even my teacher knows 😅

[@violinlounge]

I made a video about that ☺️ kzbin.info/www/bejne/oZvIhGqPa85_pLM

[@miao4885]

❤

[@Proximo011]

Funny that there are (according to the video) the same amount of bowing techniques as there are Caprices :D Interresting

[@violinlounge]

Proximo011 and Bach’s wohltemperierte Klavier is in all 24 keys... 🤓🧐

[@wamo8069]

Better get back to where we were and reborn again.

[@wonderfulwasteoftime6479]

I’m a cellist but this helped

[@violinlounge]

Wonderful!

[@JosesGarage101]

Hi. Can you apply all these techniques on any scale for practice?

[@violinlounge]

Definitely! 💪🏻

[@JosesGarage101]

@@violinlounge fantastic, is it possible for you to make a short video on how it sounds on ex G scale so we can learn from that would be super awesome 👌 💖

[@violinlounge]

@@JosesGarage101 Thanks for the suggestion. I have something in mind.

[@arshiatehrani4511]

Hello, in W. A. Mozart's Sonata No. 26 in B-flat Major K (Rondo-Allegro), what is the technique used starting from bar 151? is it flying spiccato? I'd be glad if you could answer me. To make your research easier, here is the link to the video of the piece. The part I am talking about starts from minute 2:15 kzbin.info/www/bejne/e3TalmVpfbt2qLc

[@violinlounge]

Hi Arhsia, I'd say it's a regular Mozartian spiccato. A flying spiccato is with a slur above multiple notes.

[@arshiatehrani4511]

@@violinlounge Thank you so muchhh!

[@zipentertainment6762]

❤🙏

[@goldendragontarot996]

Do you by chance know Alma Love Parker Polk

[@violinlounge]

Nope!

[@bmurphy1123]

What is "frappé"?

[@violinlounge]

A milkshake?

[@stephensheridan93]

👍 very interesting Mrs._S. @StephenSheridan

[@violinlounge]

Glad it is ☺️