3 Forgotten Indo-Iranian Languages.

After planning the video for a long time, it's finally here! Today we will look at 3 lesser-known languages from the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. Yalla enjoy!
Sections:
Intro - 00:00
Ossetian - 00:50
Zaza - 05:03
Kumzari - 08:52
Outro - 12:18
Credits:
Graphics - Microsoft PowerPoint
Recording - OBS Software
Editing - Microsoft ClipChamp
Music - bensound.com and KZbin Music Library
Research - Wikipedia and Omniglot
Voiceover and production - me
Disclaimer: I am the sole producer of these videos and all the credits for making them are within my rights.

[@a.v.j5664]

I WAS CORRECT WITH THE GAUNTER O DIM PART!!!! YOOOHOOO

[@CheLanguages]

It was an incredibly niche reference, well done for getting it!

[@Abeturk]

The language of the 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰 people Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing Suvu> Sıvı=fluid, liquid Suv’up =liquefied Suv-mak= to make it flow onwards/ upwards >suvamak Suy-mak= to make it flow over Süv-mek= to make it flow inwards Sür-mek= to make it flow ON something (sürdürmek/sürtmek/sürünmek/sürülmek) Su_arpa>Surappah(chorba)=soup /Surup(şurup)=syrup /Suruppat(şerbet)=sorbet /Surab(şarap)=wine /Surah(şıra)=juice Süp-mek= to make it flow outwards / (Süp-ğur-mek)>süpürmek=to sweep -mak/mek>(ımak/emek)=process/ exertion -al =~obtain through -et =~ do / make -der = ~set /provide -kur=~ set up -en=own diameter /about oneself -eş=each mate (each other/together or altogether) -la/le = ~make this by it /do it this way Say-mak= to make it flow drop by drop /one by one from the mind = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer) Söy-mek= to make it flow out of the mind > Söy-le-mek= make the sentences flow through the mind = ~to say, ~to tell Sev-mek= to make it flow/pour from the mind to the heart = to love Söv-mek=to say whatever's on own mind=swearing Süy-mek= to make it flow through (Süÿt> süt= milk/ दूध) Soy-mak= to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob )(soygan>soğan=onion) (Soy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress (Suy-ğur-mak)>sıyırmak= ~skinning , ~skimming Siy-mek= to make it flow downwards / to pee Siÿtik>sidik= urine Say-en-mak>sanmak= ~to pour from thought to the idea (to arrive at a guess) Sav-mak= ~to make it pour outward /put forward / set forth in >sav=~assertion (Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-ğur-mak)>savurmak=to strew it outward (into the void) (Sav-eş-mak)>savaşmak=to shed each other's blood >savaş= war savuşmak=to get scattered altogether outright > sıvışmak=~run away in fear Sağ-mak= ~to make it pour tight >Sağanak=downpour > Sahan=the container to pour water Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak= ~to spill from thought into emotions> ~longing Sek-mek= to go (by forcing /hardly) forward /on it Sak-mak = to grasp/ hold (back by forcing /hardly) (sakar=clumsy) Sak-en-mak>sakınmak =~to ponder hard/hold oneself back/beware Sok-mak= to take/put it (by forcing) inward Soğ-mak=to penetrate (forced) > Soğurmak=~ make it penetrate inward /~to suck Sök-mek= to take/put it (by forcing) from the inside out (~unstitch/rip out) Sık-mak = ~to press (by forcing) inward/to squeeze (Sıkı= stringent) Sığ-mak= ~fit inside (Sığ-en-mak>sığınmak= ~to take shelter) Süz-mek=~to make it lightly flow from top to bottom (~to filter, strain out) Sez-mek=~to keep it mentally flowing gently (~to perceive, to intuit) Sız-mak=~to get flowed slightly (~to infiltrate) Suŋ-mak=to extend it forward (to put before, to present) Süŋ-mek=to get expanded outwards (sünger=sponge) (süngü=bayonet) Sıŋ-mak=to reach by stretching upward / forward Siŋ-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide out) Söŋ-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to fade out) Tan= the dawn /旦 Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of) Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak= diagnose /to identify Tanınmak = tanı-en-mak= to be known/recognized Tanıtmak = tanı-et-mak=to make known /to introduce Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak= to get to know each other =(to meet for the first time) Danışmak= to get information through each other Tıŋı= the tune (timbre) /调 Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally >Tınlamak=responding /~to take heed of Tıŋı-la-mak= to get the sound out Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >Dinmek= to get quiescent Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >Dinlemek= to listen / 听 Theng> Denk =~equal >sync / 登克 >Denge =balance (Tenğ-mek)>Değmek=to touch each other (at the same point,position or level)/ ~to be of equal-level/ being worth) (tenger> değer=~value) (teğet= tangent) (teng-yüz>deŋiz=sea) eş değer=equivalent > eş diğer= equal to (each other) Deng-en-mek>değinmek = to mention / touch upon Deng-eş-mek>değişmek =to turn into something else equivalent /to get altogether a change Deng-eş-der-mek>değiştirmek =to change it /~exchange Çığ (chuw) = snowslide / 雪崩 Çığ-ğur-mak =çığırmak= ~to scream /~read by shouting Çağır-mak= calling / inviting / 称呼 / 邀请 Çığırı > Jigir > Şiir = Poetry / 诗歌 Cığır-la-mak > Jırlamak > to squeal /~shout with a shrill voice Çığırgı >Jırgı> Şarkı = Song / 曲子 Çiğ (chee)= uncooked, raw / 生 Çiğne-mek =to chew / 咀嚼 (Çiğnek) Çene =chin / 下巴 Çiğ (chie)= vapor drop, dew / 汽 , 露 (çi’çek=flower/ çi’se=drizzle) Taş = the stone (portable rock)/大石头 Taşı-mak = to take (by moving) it / to carry Taşı-et-mak =Taşıtmak> to have it transported Taşı-en-mak =Taşınmak> to move oneself to a different place Kak-mak=to give direction (Kakğan=which one's directing>Kağan>Kahan>Han =leader) (Baş-khan>Başkan=president) Kak-der-mak>kaktırmak= ~to set aside Kak-al-mak>kağılmak =to be oriented via/ to get fixed anywhere >kalmak= to stay Kağılık-mak=to tend upward >kalkmak =to stand up / to get up Kak-al-der-mak>kağıldırmak>to make it being steered away> kaldırmak = to remove Kak-en-mak> kağınmak=~to be canted> kanmak / ikna olmak= to ac-know-ledge it's so, to be convinced Kak-en-der-mak> kağındırmak= kandırmak (ikna etmek) = ~ to trick , (to persuade) Der-mek=(~to provide) to set a layout by bringing together (der-le-mek= to compile) (deri=integument, derm) Dar-mak= to bring into a different order by disrupting the old (tarkan=conqueror) (tarım= agriculture / tarla= arable field) ( taramak= to comb) Dar-al-mak>darılmak=getting into a disrubted mood toward someone Dur-mak= to keep being present (~to remain/~to survive/~to halt on) (thoru>diri= alive) durabilir=durable (boğa-thor>bahadır=冒頓=survivor-victim>victor hero) Dur-der-mak> durdurmak= ~to stop Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll) (dürüm=roll of bread) Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis >thörmek = to mix/ ~to blend (döngü/ törüv=tour) (törüv-giş=tourist) (Thörü-mek)>türemek= to become a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind / type) (Thörük =created order/form by coming together over time) >Türk Töre=order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history) Thör-et-mek>türetmek= to create a new layout combining= to derive Thör-en-mek>dörünmek= to rotate oneself / to turn by oneself Thörünmek>Törn-mek>Döŋmek= to turn oneself (döner=rotary dün=yesterday dünya=world) (Döŋ-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something (Döŋ-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something (Döŋ-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ transform (Edh) Ez-mek=to thin something down by pressing over= to crush/ to run over (Edg) Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> eğmek= to tilt/ to bend eğim =inclination Eğ-al-mek>Eğilmek=to get being inclined/ be bent Eğ-et-mek>Eğitmek=to educate Eğir-mek= to make it rotate around itself or turn to another way within a specified time =~ to spin (eğri =curve /awry) Evir-mek=to make spin around itself or turn it another form in a specified time =~to invert Devir-mek = to make it overturn (devir=~circuit) Eğir-al-mek>Eğrilmek= to become a skew / become twisted Evir-al-mek>Evrilmek= to get a conversion/transformation over time (evrim=evolution, devrim=revolution, evren=universe,) Uğra-mak= to get (at) a place or a situation for a specified time> uğramak= drop by/ stop by Uğra-eş-mak=to stop by (altogether) into each other for a specified time> uğraşmak=to strive/ to deal with Uğra-et-mak> uğratmak = to put in a situation for a specific time Öğre-mek=to get (at) a status or a level / to get an accumulation within a certain time Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time> öğrenmek= to learn Öğre-et-mek=to have somebody get (at) a knowledge /info level (at a certain time)= to teach Türkçe öğretiyorum =I am teaching turkish İngilizce öğreniyorsun = You are learning english Öğreniyorsun = You are learning > Öğren-i-yor-u-sen (You’ try to learn) Öğreniyorum = I am learning Öğreniyordum = I was learning Öğreniyormuşum=I heard/realized that I was learning Öğrenmekteyim=I have been learning / I am in (the process of) learning Öğrenmekteydim=I had been learning / I was in (the process of) learning Öğrenmekteymişim=I heard/noticed that I had been learning Öğrenirim =~ I learn (then) > Öğren-e-er-im (I get to learn) Öğrenirdim= ~I used to learn / I would learn (~I‘d get (a chance) to learn ) Öğrenirmişim=I heard/noticed I would be learning ( I realized I’ve got (a chance) to learn) Öğreneceğim= I will learn Öğrenecektim= I would gonna learn (I would learn) Öğrenecekmişim=I heard/realized that I would have to learn Öğrendim = I learned Öğrenmiştim= I had learned Öğrenmiş oldum (öğrenmiş durumdayım)= I have learned Öğrendiydim= I remember having learned /I remember such that I've learned Öğrenmişim =I realized that I've learned Öğrendiymişim=I heard that I’ve learned -but if what I heard is true Öğrenmişmişim=I heard that I've learned -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing Öğreniyorumdur =I guess/likely I am learning Öğreniyordurum =I think/likely I was trying to learn Öğreniyormuşumdur=As if I was probably learning Öğreneceğimdir= I think that I will probably learn Öğrenecektirim=I guess/likely I would gonna learn Öğrenecekmişimdir=As if I probably would have to learn Öğrenecekmiştirim=Looks like I probably would have learned Öğrenmişimdir = I think that I have probably learned Öğrenmiştirim= I guess/likely I had learned

[@Abeturk]

terms and conditions (akar-eser / eser-eker) EĞER-ISE = (EVEN-IF) (su AKAR- yel ESER) = water flows - wind blows İSE-EĞER = (IF-EVER) (yel ESER- ekin EĞER)= the wind blows and bows the crops EĞER-ISE and İSE-EĞER constructs are used to specify "conditions" and are often used interchangeably. İSE-EĞER: means "If ever" and indicates a condition that is more likely to occur. "If ever you need any help, just let me know." (Yardıma ihtiyacın olursa eğer, sadece haber ver.) or (Herhangi bir yardıma ihtiyaç duyarsan, bana haber vermen yeterli) “If I'm not tired, we’ll visit them in the evening.” = “Yorgun değilsem eğer akşamleyin onları ziyaret ederiz” EĞER-ISE: means "Even if" and indicates a condition that is less likely to occur. "Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go for a walk." (Yarın yürüyüşe çıkacağım, eğer yağmur yağıyor olsa dahi ) or (Yarın yağmur yağsa bile yürüyüşe çıkacağım.) “Why should i go to work, (even) if I'm not getting my salary” = Eğer maaşımı alamıyorsam, neden işe gideyim ki.

[@Abeturk]

The names of some organs it's used as the suffix for nouns, “Ak”= ~each of both (Yan= side) (Gül= rose) (Şek=facet) (Dal=subsection, branch) (Taş=stone) Yan-ak= each of both sides of the face >Yanak=the cheek Kül-ak = each of both the roses >Kulak= Ear Şek-ak = each of both sides of the forehead >Şakak= temple Dal-ak=dalak= Spleen Böbür-ak=böbrek= Kidney = each of both red-spot / blodfleck Bağaç-ak>(Paça-ak)>bacak= Leg (ankle) Batı-ak>pathiak>phatyak>hadyak>adyak)=Ayak= the foot > each of the feet (pati = paw) Taş-ak=testicle Her iki-ciğer.>Akciğer=the lung Tül-karn-ak =that obscures/ shadowing each of both dark/ covert periods= Karanlık (batıni) çağların her birini örten tül Zhu'l-karn-eyn=the (shader) owner of each of both times Dhu'al-chorn-ein=double-horned-one=(the horned hunter)Herne the hunter> Cernunnos> Karneios it's used as the suffix for verbs, “Ak /ek“=a-qa ~which thing to / what’s to… Er-mek = to get / to reach Bar-mak (Varmak)= to arrive / to achieve Er-en-mek > erinmek / Bar-an-mak > barınmak Erin-ek / barın-ak = what’s there to arrive at oneself Ernek / Barnak > Parmak = Finger Çiğ=uncooked, raw Çiğne-mek =to chew Çiğne-ek>Çiğneh> Çene = Chin Tut-mak = to hold / to keep Tut-ak=Dudak= Lip Tara-mak = to comb/ ~to rake Tara-ak > Tarak =(what’s there to comb)> the comb Tara-en-mak > taranmak = to comb oneself Taran-ak > Tırnak =(what’s there to comb oneself)> fingernail

[@Abeturk]

29+ tenses in turkish language Anatolian Turkish verb conjugations A= To (towards /~for) (for words with a thick vowel in the last syllable) E= To (towards /~for) (for words with a thin vowel in the last syllable) Okul=School U=(ou)=it’s that> I /U /i /ü=~it’s about Mak/Mek (ımak/emek)= process /exertion Git-mek=(verb)= to Go (the process of going> getmek =to get there) 1 .present continuous tense (right now or soon, now or later, currently or nowadays) Used to describe the current actions or planned events /for designated times YOR-mak =to tire ( to try ,engage in) >Yor=~go (much) over it (yorgunum=I’m tired) A/E Yormak=(to arrive at any opinion over what it is) I/U Yormak=(to arrive utterly onto it) used as the suffix=” ı/u - i/ü + Yor" positive Okula gidiyorsun ( you are going to school)= Okul-a Git-i-Yor-u-Sen >School-to Go-to-Try that-You < (please read backwards) Evden geliyorum ( I'm coming from home) = Ev-de-en Gel-i-yor-u-Men >(from Home I’ try to Come) =Come-to-try that-Me Home-at-then< negative A)..Mã= Not B)Değil= it's not (the equivalent of) examples A: Okula gitmiyorsun ( you’re not going to school)= Okul-a Git-Mã-i-yor-u-Sen >You don't try to Go to school B: Okula gidiyor değilsin ( you aren’t going to school)=Okul-a Git-i-yor değil-sen >You aren't try..to Go to School Question sentence: Mã-u =Not-it> is not it? Used as the suffixes =" Mı / Mu / Mi / Mü “ Okula mı gidiyorsun? ( Are you going to school )= Okul-a Mã-u Git-i-yor-u-sen (To-school/ Not-it / You-try-to-go)(Are you going to school or somewhere else?) Okula gidiyor musun? ( Do you go to school )= Okul-a Git-i-yor Mã-u-sen (To school /Try-to-go /Not-it-you)>~do You (try to) go to school (at specific times) or not ? Okula sen mi gidiyorsun ?= Are you the (only) one going to school? 2 .simple extensive tense ( used to explain our own thoughts about the topic) (always, since long , for a long time, sometimes, currently, sooner or later/ inşallah) positive VAR-mak = to arrive -at (to attain) (var= ~being there) used as the suffixes >"Ar-ır-ur" (for thick vowel) ER-mek= to get -at (to reach) (er= ~achieve there) used as the suffixes >"Er-ir-ür" (for thin vowel) examples Okula gidersin (You get to go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-er-sen= You get (a chance) to go to school Kuşlar gökyüzünde uçarlar=(~ Birds fly in the sky )=Kuş-lar gökyüzü-n’de uç-a-var(u-lar)= Birds have likelihood to fly in the sky = ~ Birds arrive by flying in the sky Bunu görebilirler (They can see this) = Bu-n’u Gör-e-Bil-e-er-ler =~They get to be able to see what this is Question sentence: in interrogative sentences it means: isn't it so /what do you think about this topic? Okula gider misin? (Do you get to go to school) Okul-a Git-e-er Mã-u-Sen =You get to Go to School -is Not it?=~What about you getting to go to school? Okula mı gidersin? =Do you get to go to school or somewhere else? negative Mã= Not Bas-mak =to tread on/ dwell on/ stand on (bas git=get out of here > pas geç= pass by> vazgeç=give up Ez-mek = to crush/ to run over (ez geç= think nothing about > es geç= stop thinking about) Mã-bas=(No-pass/ Na pas) > (give up on/not to dwell on) >the suffix "MAZ" (for thick vowel) Mã-ez=(Don’t/ Doesn’t)> (to skip/ avoid) >the suffix "MEZ" (for thin vowel) for the 1st person singular and 1st plural is only used the suffix “Mã” examples Okula gitmezsin (you don't/won't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-ez-sen > You skip going to school Babam bunu yapmaz (my dad doesn't do this)= Baba-m bu-n’u yap-ma-bas > My dad doesn't dwell on doing this Bugün okula gitmem (I won't go to school today)> Okul-a Git-mã-men =I don't (have) to go to school Bugün okula gidemem (I can’t go to school today)= Okul-a Git-e-er-mã-men >I don't get (possibility) to go to school Bir bardak su almaz mısınız (Don't you get a glass of water)> Bir fincan çay al-ma-bas-sen-iz > Do you (really) give up on having a cup of tea? Kimse senden (daha) hızlı koşamaz (Nobody can run faster than you)=Kimse sen-den daha hızlı kaş-a-al-ma-bas 3.simple future tense (soon or later) Used to describe events that we are aiming for or think are in the future Çak-mak =~to fasten ,~to tack ,~to keep in mind ,~to hit them together (for thick vowel) Çek-mek=~to pull, ~to take along, ~to feel inside, ~to attract , ~to will (for thin vowel) positive.. Okula gideceksin ( you'll go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek-sen =~You fetch/take (into mind)-to-Go to school Ali bu kapıyı açacak ( Ali’s gonna open this door)= Ali Kapı-y-ı Aç-a-çak =~Ali (fixes in his mind) to open the door negative A. Okula gitmeyeceksin (you will not go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-e-çek-sen =You don't keep (in mind) going to school B. Okula gidecek değilsin (you aren't gonna go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek değil-sen =~you won't go to school and nobody is demanding that you 4 . simple past tense (currently or before) Used to explain the completed events we're sure about Di = now on / anymore Di-mek/demek= ~ to deem/ to mean/ to think like this Used as the suffixes= (Dı /Di /Du/ Dü - Tı /Ti /Tu /Tü) positive Okula gittin = You went to school = Okul-a Git-di-N Dün İstanbul'da kaldım= I stayed in Istanbul yesterday Okula mı gittin ? (Did you go to school)= Okul-a Mã-u Git-di-n> You went to school or somewhere else? Okula gittin mi ? (~Have you gone to school)= Okul-a Git-di-n Mã-u> You went to school or not? negative Okula gitmedin =You didn't go to school / Okul-a Git-mã-di-N Bugün pazara gitmediler mi? =Didn't they go to the (open public) market today? Dün çarşıya mı gittiniz? =Where did you go yesterday, to the (covered public) bazaar? Akşamleyin bakkala (markete) gittik mi?= Did we go to the grocery store in the evening? 5 .narrative/reported past tense (just now or before) Used to describe the completed events that we're unsure of MUŞ-mak = ~ to inform (muşu=inform/notice> muşuş/mesaj=message> muştu=müjde=evangel) that means -I've been informed/ I heard or learnt that/ I saw and realized that/ I've noticed or it seems such (to me) used as the suffixes= (Mış/ Muş - Miş/ Müş) positive Okula gitmişsin= I heard that you went to school> Okul-a Git-muş-u-sen Yanlış birşey yapmışım=~I noticed I made something wrong >Yaŋlış Yap-muş-u-men negative A. Okula gitmemişsin (I’ve learned> you didn't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-miş-sen (I heard that you haven't gone to school) B. Okula gitmiş değilsin =I noticed (You haven't been to school) Okul-a Git--miş değil-sen In a question sentence it means: Do you have any inform about- have you heard- are you aware -does it look like it? İbrahim bugün okula gitmiş mi? =Have you heard / did Abraham go to school today? 6.Okula varmak üzeresin =You're about to arrive at school 7.Okula gitmektesin (You're in (process of) going to school)= ~you’ve been going to school 8.Okula gitmekteydin =~You had been going to school =Okula gidiyor olmaktaydın 9.Okula gitmekteymişsin =I heard >you've been going to school 10.Okula gidiyordun (Okula git-i-yor er-di-n) = You were going to school 11.Okula gidiyormuşsun (Okula git-i-yor er-miş-sen)= I heard that you're going to school / I learned you were going to school 12.Okula gidiyor olacaksın (Okula git-i-yor ol-a-çak-sen)= You’ll be going to school 13.Okula gitmekte olacaksın (Okula git-mek-de ol-a-çak-sen)= You’ll have been going to school 14.Okula gitmiş olacaksın (Okula git-miş ol-a-çak-sen)= You’ll have gone to school 15.Okula gidecektin (Okula git-e-çek er-di-n)=You were gonna go to school > I had thought you'd be going to school 16.Okula gidecekmişsin (Okula git-e-çek ermişsen)=I learned you're gonna go to school>~I heard that you'd like to go to school 17.Okula giderdin ( Okula git-e-er erdin)=You used to go to school >~You'd have had the chance to go to school 18.Okula gidermişsin ( Okula git-e-er ermişsen)=I heard that you used to go to school> I realized that you’d get to go to school 19.Okula gittiydin ( Okula git-di erdin)= I had seen you went to school >I remember you had gone to school 20.Okula gittiymişsin = I heard you went to school -but if what I heard is true 21.Okula gitmişmişsin = I heard you've been to school -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing 22.Okula gitmiştin (Okula git-miş er-di-n)= you had gone to school 23.Okula gitmiş oldun (Okula git-miş ol-du-n)= you have been to school Dur-mak=to keep to be present/there = ~to remain Durur=remains to exist / keeps to be / seems so used as the suffixes=(Dır- dir- dur- dür / Tır- tir-tur-tür) (in official speeches these suffixes are used only for the 3rd singular and 3rd plural person) its meaning in formal speeches> it has been and goes on like that Bu Bir Elma = This is an apple Bu bir elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= This is an apple (and remains so) Bu Bir Kitap = This is a book Bu bir kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= This is a book (and remains so) informal meaning in everyday speech>it seems/ likely that/ the remaining on my mind Bu bir elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)=It seems like- this is an apple Bu bir kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)=It's likely that -this is a book Bu bir elma gibi duruyor=(looks like an apple this is )>This looks like an apple Bu bir kitap gibi duruyor=This looks like a book 24.Okula gidiyordursun =(guess>likely-You were going to school 25.Okula gidiyorsundur =(I think> you are going to school 26.Okula gidecektirsin =(guess>likely- You would (gonna) go to school 27.Okula gideceksindir=(I think> You'll go to school 28.Okula gitmiştirsin =(guess >likely- You had gone to school 29.Okula gitmişsindir =(I think> You've been to school

[@BigScreamingBaby]

I'm still baffled that Armenian isn't part of the Indo-Iranian family. You'd think with their proximity to them and their long history with Iran they would be but no its a completely separate Indo-European language

[@CheLanguages]

Yeah, it forms its own branch like Albanian (supposedly), though some say that West Armenian is different enough from Standard (Eastern) Armenian to be considered a language in its own right

[@BigScreamingBaby]

@@CheLanguages I'd believe it assuming the West Armenians are those who descended from the Kingdom of Cilicia they are seperatad from Armenia proper by a sea of Kurds, Turks and formerly also Assyrians and Greeks I would be surprised if that Armenian hadn't become distinctive

[@seid3366]

Used to be a part of Indo-Iranian, but later was deemed a separate branch of Indo-European

[@CheLanguages]

@@BigScreamingBaby West Armenian was (before the Armenian Genocide of 1915) spoken across Anatolia, not only in Cilicia but in Constantinople and Pontus too to a lesser extent. Most West Armenian speakers now exist in the diaspora

[@CheLanguages]

@@seid3366 pretty much yes

[@miles8456]

We appreciate you uploading once a week consistently! Thank you!

[@CheLanguages]

Thank you as always!

[@HassanUmer]

Needs more Indo-Aryan tho! Can help with that if needed, btw great channel!

[@CheLanguages]

Awesome! What do you suggest?

[@CheLanguages]

Also thank you for the kind comment!

[@HassanUmer]

@@CheLanguages thank you! I can suggest Jadgali, an Indo Aryan language spoken in Iran, which is related to Sindhi from Pakistan. The second suggestion would be Chitrali, spoken in the far north of Pakistan, it belongs in the Dardic branch of Indo Aryan but is surrounded by Pashto in a Pashto speaking province, which in turn is Eastern Iranian. The third would be Garhwali, which I discovered when working with Garhwali speakers in an Indian restaurant. It is related to Nepali and spoken in a very small region of a small state in India, but has around 3 mil speakers . These are specifically suggestions for your unknown languages series, I myself speak Punjabi (Majhi) and Urdu/Hindi :D

[@CheLanguages]

@@HassanUmer thank you for the suggestions! There's so many Indo-Aryan languages it's crazy, I'd not heard of any of these you mentioned!

[@CheLanguages]

@@HassanUmer other than Punjabi of course, that's the language of my Great Grandparents

[@newazo]

I assume that you meant that Ossetian are close to Pashtun language. Because Baluchi are northwestern Iranian language like the Kurdish language. Pashtun language and Ossetian are derived from skythian language which is east Iranian language.

[@CheLanguages]

Yes, my mistake, I apologize.

[@michalmonstrov137]

Beautiful work as always!

[@CheLanguages]

Thank you!!!

[@alyaly2355]

I guessed them all right :) and amazing video as always. It’s clear that you put a lot of work into these videos. Thanks for the shoutout!

[@CheLanguages]

No problem, thank you for telling me more about Kumzari! I'm glad you enjoyed the video

[@alyaly2355]

@@CheLanguages You’re welcome

[@CheLanguages]

@@alyaly2355 no problem

[@kylmayo8784]

Great video as always! If you're going to do another part of forgotten Turkic languages, you should consider including Siberian Tatar in it! There is not a lot of information about it on the English-speaking internet, however if this topic catches your attention I can help you with gathering information

[@CheLanguages]

Thank you!

[@CheLanguages]

You said there's not much on the Anglophone internet, well, anywhere else I can find out about it?

[@kylmayo8784]

@@CheLanguages there's still some information on the English Wikipedia, but I would also suggest opening that article in russian and translating the page if you have the extension in your browser. There's more information about its history and dialects

[@CheLanguages]

@@kylmayo8784 I can always put it through translate yes. I'll check it out

[@surumu993]

FINALLY INDO-IRANIAN I WAITED SO LONG FOR IT!!

[@CheLanguages]

Well it's finally here, I hope you enjoy!

[@CheLanguages]

And tell me which one was your favorite

[@surumu993]

@@CheLanguages Ossetian, amazing language, beautiful culture and such small group

[@CheLanguages]

@@surumu993 I couldn't agree more, it's definitely my favorite here

[@rasiris1]

it's not indo you koskhol

[@Ryuzaki_8]

Could you make a video on forgotten Sino-Tibetan languages that would be awesome.

[@CheLanguages]

I agree, thanks for the idea!

[@AvrahamYairStern]

Awesome video!

[@CheLanguages]

Thank you Ze'ev!

[@AvrahamYairStern]

@@CheLanguages no problem

[@gazoontight]

Another great one.

[@CheLanguages]

Thank you as always!

[@CheLanguages]

Do you have a favorite?

[@gazoontight]

@@CheLanguages Hmm. I guess Ossetian.

[@CheLanguages]

@@gazoontight it's my favorite too!

[@idris_pm]

Amazing videos. Do you think of creating a video about the group of Pamiri languages spread across TJK, AF, PAK, CHN ?

[@CheLanguages]

I saw your last comment and searched it up, and I realized that I actually do know what they are. I researched into them a little while ago with the idea that I could talk about them, so yes I might feature them soon!

[@idris_pm]

Shalom. That would be great. Its quiet interesting how people could preserve the old languages amidst the rigid mountains of that area. Very much looking forward to it. Thanks so much for the amazing content.

[@just1frosty516]

Always love these videos, the Kumzari language is crazy, I'm definitely gonna look into it some more and its distant dialect. I love a good obscure language/dialect on an obscure island. What languages do you speak outta curiosity?

[@CheLanguages]

I'm with you on that one, finding random little obscure languages is awesome! Bonus points if it's on an island or oasis!!!

[@CheLanguages]

I have all my languages in my channel bio, but to go into more detail: -English is my native language, RP British English to be precise. -I self-studied Latin for 2 years when I was in my early teenage years, this got me interested in learning languages and made learning Romance languages much easier later on! I don't "speak" it though (like some people do), it's more just textbook Latin than street Latin, I'd love to return to it and get more developed at it someday though! -My next language was Spanish. I became very conversational in it, though eventually I stopped studying it and lost some of that ability. However, in September when I went to Spain, within just s couple of days, my ability came back to me very quickly. Immersion really does make a big difference! -I learned Esperanto from a book, but I got very bored if it and didn't like it. Still now I can read a bit of Esperanto, but i can't speak it. It's useless in my opinion. -Portuguese came afterwards, it was very easy for me from Spanish. I find it difficult to speak because I often get mixed up with Spanish, but reading and writing I don't have too many problems. I specifically specialized in português europeu! -My next language I started studying was Italian. I abandoned it for a couple of year but just last year, I returned to it. I'm hoping to get my Italian to a better level than my Spanish, and I'm visiting Italia in a few months. -About 2 and a half years ago, I started learning Hebrew. It's now my best foreign language and I'm at quite a good intermediate level now. I aim to become absolutely fluent in Hebrew as I'm emigrating to Israel in a couple of years. -Yiddish, another Jewish language, though not related to Hebrew is another one I've gotten quite good at, though I've not been studying it for that long really. -When the protests began in Irân, I decided to start learning Persian. I found it too hard though and didn't get too far sadly. -I December, I started learning Polish. I've got surprisingly far in just a couple of months and would like to visit Poland next year with an intermediate level of Polish. -I recently started Greek. I studied some Ancient Greek back in my Latin days, but never went too far with it. I got s big urge to study Greek recently and given that I want to travel more of Greece in the future, I think Greek can definitely help me with that. I want to stick with Greek and Polish until I get to intermediate. -I once tried learning Japanese, but gave up very quickly. I didn't have much motivation for it tbh

[@mollof7893]

It's finaly here!!

[@CheLanguages]

It finally is!

[@AvrahamYairStern]

All of these languages seem so cool

[@CheLanguages]

They are yeah

[@silesianpatriot.]

very nice video! did you ever hear about the Wymysorys language?

[@CheLanguages]

Yes, it's in my 3 Forgotten Germanic Languages video

[@silesianpatriot.]

@@CheLanguages awesome, i am instantly going to watch it

[@CheLanguages]

@@silesianpatriot. enjoy!!!

[@CheLanguages]

@@silesianpatriot. also, I talked about Silesian in my video "3 Forgotten Slavic Languages"

[@QuandaleDingleGoofyAhh123]

I didn't know there were so many!!

[@CheLanguages]

There's a lot more than these trust me!

[@HoosacValleyAhavah]

Thank you

[@CheLanguages]

No problem, I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@CheLanguages]

What was your favorite language?

[@7mad211]

5:46 it is closely related to gorani which is also a distinct tongue spoken by ethnic kurds

[@CheLanguages]

Yes, they are the Zaza-Gorani languages

[@zorullah6147]

zazas are kurds

[@CheLanguages]

@@zorullah6147 not quite, but they are so closely related and identify with Kurds that they pretty much are these days

[@qpdb840]

I am partly a Iranian and I speak Farsi partially and I attempted to learn Ossetian the difference were different but I did recognise a few common words like ду and шоиах

[@CheLanguages]

That's cool, how intelligible is it?

[@qpdb840]

@@CheLanguages basic vocabulary like words for family and words for the Subjects like I you he she we you they those were pretty close

[@CheLanguages]

@@qpdb840 that's cool

[@rasiris1]

what does this mean, a friend told me: modar jende, pedar sakh, konam pare shod

[@rvat2003]

You can include Yaghnobi in the next Iranian video. Apparently, it is a descendant of the Sogdian language.

[@CheLanguages]

If that's true, then certainly!

[@agnelomascarenhas8990]

Yaghnobi is an Eastern Iranian branch. I think spoken by about 12,000 in Tajikistan. Tajiks speak a dialect of Persian, a Western Iranian family. Pashto is the biggest member of Eastern Iranian. Most Eastern Iranian languages have disappeared.

[@CheLanguages]

@@agnelomascarenhas8990 yeah, it's weird how most disappeared

[@revinhatol]

I wish you could tell us about the Tamazight/Berber languages: like Stnadard Moroccan or Standard Algerian.

[@CheLanguages]

I will talk about them soon, I noticed you've been asking for a while. First of all, neither Standard Moroccan nor Standard Algerian are Amazigh (Berber) languages, they are both Arabic-derived languages that I personally prefer to refer to as Maghrebi languages. Secondly, when I do make a video on Amazigh/Berber languages, could you give it a shoutout on your channel?

[@revinhatol]

@@CheLanguages I'll try, but I made a playlist instead: kzbin.info/aero/PLKNkaC9AtYEUjShJ-CzZo3qgXGB1HOA4W

[@CheLanguages]

@@revinhatol I meant like a shoutout on the community tab, to share it with your subscribers

[@revinhatol]

@@CheLanguages Okay!

[@CheLanguages]

@@revinhatol awesome

[@bosniencommie1202]

in next semantic forgotten languages you should mention neo-mandaic

[@CheLanguages]

I certainly will! I love the script they use too

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

It is interesting to note that the modern Ossetian language shows a much higher degree of loanwords from Turkic than from neighboring Caucasian languages (Nakh, Adyghe, Kartvelian).32

[@CheLanguages]

Yes, you mentioned in another comment. I wonder why it has more than neighboring languages though....

[@Pinkert-on]

this is because of the four devastating Turkic raids against the Ossetians (Alans) in the Middle Ages. Ossetians were then almost exterminated.

[@ampm9771]

Ossetian has ZERO turkic loanwords. The words you think are Turkic are have been borrowed from neighbouring Iranic tribes. Give me an example of a turkic word you think Ossetians have borrowed. Iranian languages were not languages that needed to borrow words from other languages. In Old Iranian, there were a dozen words for everything.

[@mladenzrnic2669]

Indo-Iranian languages ​​are the most beautiful thing I have ever heard in my life

[@CheLanguages]

Which one?

[@CheLanguages]

Sorry, misread your comment. You like all of them. I agree, they're a beautiful group of languages

[@Artur_M.]

I neglected to leave a comment here because I was feeling a bit under the weather when this video was uploaded. Since there was a reference here to the Wither 3 game, and specifically the _Hearts of Stone_ expansion here is a bit of related cultural/linguistic trivia, that has nothing to do with Indo-Iranian Languages: You remember that an important character in _Hearts of Stone_ is one Olgierd von Everec, and we also meet his brother, right? In the English version, Olgierd's name is pronounced slightly differently but his brother's name was completely changed from Witold to Vlodimir. I don't like this change because Olgierd and Witold are real (moderately popular) Polish names. What makes them special is that both are of Lithuanian origin derived from Algirdas and Vytautas respectively, both names of notable medieval Lithuanian princes (Grand Dukes). I think this was a deliberate choice, as the brothers are very much created to evoke the image and tropes associated in Polish culture with the nobles from the period of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, especially of the unruly troublemakers kind.

[@CheLanguages]

I hope you're feeling better Artur! I used to be quite the Witcher fan, though I've not played in a while. I didn't know that, also Vlodimir was an asshole. I'm sure you probably know that Gaunter O'Dimm is based off an actual character in Polish folklore? The guy who made a deal with the devil as long as he never went to Rzym

[@Artur_M.]

@@CheLanguages Oh yeah, there are definitely references to the legend of Pan Twardowski, although Gaunter is kinda like the devil in these stories, so that would make von Everec like Twardowski? Also, there is a wedding in a village called Bronovitz, which is a reference to the village Bronowice near Kraków (now part of Kraków) where in 1900 there was a famous wedding of poet Lucjan Rydel and a local peasant girl Jadwiga Mikołajczykówna, which inspired Stanisław Wyspiański to write even more famous drama "The Wedding" or _Wesele_ in Polish.

[@Artur_M.]

@@CheLanguages I've made a huge mistake with the date, it's fixed.

[@CheLanguages]

@@Artur_M. Yes, von Everec is the one who makes the deal and loses ultimately. I didn't know about your second fact, but it's true, that is a village in the Witcher! I love how the Witcher incorporates so much Polish folklore and references into it

[@user-qk2cp4xm2k]

and where the Tajiks played a big role in the Persian language, especially the Samonid empire ❤🇹🇯🇦🇫🇮🇷❤

[@CheLanguages]

Tajik is Persian

[@kathrinat9824]

What's the Witcher scene , can someone link me, thanks?

[@CheLanguages]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/bpqyd2mLo7ilg6Msi=ppXW5ewpLGyKMHPn Here you are

[@Rabid_Nationalist]

IT HAS ARRIVED M8S! FINALY

[@CheLanguages]

Glad to see the excitement, I hope you enjoyed the video!

[@ymsmirmir2875]

First this is very important video for people of the area and also it’s important for others which is something it’s very old history but it is forgotten from most of the people around of the world and you talked most of your times by end of your video about Kumzari people and they are language they only about 600 people in Oman very small place in Oman but you did not talk much about Baloch people which is mainly this is the Balochs area starting from Banderabass ,Minab, Jask to long of 1800 km the Makran coast in the great Balochistan including Kishim Irland and into Oman Batina area most of Baloch people leaving in these areas I feel your background from Omani British Military Officer I am also Omani Baloch Military Air Force officer hope in your next video you will talk much more about Baloch people in Oman and also to their own country the great Balochistan with a long history how it divided into the 3 it neighboring countries by British support at that times and you know which are the 3 countries Hope your coming Video will be much focused about this subject Thank you.

[@CheLanguages]

Your comment was quite difficult to understand, but I have indeed talked about the Balochi language! I made a video called "The Languages of Persia" a while ago, in which I discussed Balochi

[@CheLanguages]

Thank you for the support!

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

The Ossetic vocabulary mirrors long-standing and intensive Turkic contacts. The way of the borrowing may be difficult to determine, since many copied Turkic words are also found in other Ponto-Caspian languages.

[@CheLanguages]

Are you saying that maybe they were borrowed before the Scythians migrated into the area, effectively picking up the words from passing through Central Asia?

[@aniinnrchoque1861]

I mean it makes sense, the Ossetians were pushed out by the Turk invasion so contact was definitely inevitable. Again - highly doubt Ossetian is linked to Scythian more than Farsi is.

[@CheLanguages]

@@aniinnrchoque1861 I don't have a lot of experience in Persian, though I have studied a bit. If you speak Ossetian or Persian, you're already more qualified than me to tell me how they link together!

[@Abeturk]

The language of the 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰 people Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing Suvu> Sıvı=fluid, liquid Suv’up =liquefied Suv-mak= to make it flow onwards/ upwards >suvamak Suy-mak= to make it flow over Süv-mek= to make it flow inwards Sür-mek= to make it flow ON something (sürdürmek/sürtmek/sürünmek/sürülmek) Su_arpa>Surappah(chorba)=soup /Surup(şurup)=syrup /Suruppat(şerbet)=sorbet /Surab(şarap)=wine /Surah(şıra)=juice Süp-mek= to make it flow outwards / (Süp-ğur-mek)>süpürmek=to sweep -mak/mek>(ımak/emek)=process/ exertion -al =~obtain through -et =~ do / make -der = ~set /provide -kur=~ set up -en=own diameter /about oneself -eş=each mate (each other/together or altogether) -la/le = ~make this by it /do it this way Say-mak= to make it flow drop by drop /one by one from the mind = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer) Söy-mek= to make it flow out of the mind > Söy-le-mek= make the sentences flow through the mind = ~to say, ~to tell Sev-mek= to make it flow/pour from the mind to the heart = to love Söv-mek=to say whatever's on own mind=swearing Süy-mek= to make it flow through (Süÿt> süt= milk/ दूध) Soy-mak= to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob )(soygan>soğan=onion) (Soy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress (Suy-ğur-mak)>sıyırmak= ~skinning , ~skimming Siy-mek= to make it flow downwards / to pee Siÿtik>sidik= urine Say-en-mak>sanmak= ~to pour from thought to the idea (to arrive at a guess) Sav-mak= ~to make it pour outward /put forward / set forth in >sav=~assertion (Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-ğur-mak)>savurmak=to strew it outward (into the void) (Sav-eş-mak)>savaşmak=to shed each other's blood >savaş= war savuşmak=to get scattered altogether outright > sıvışmak=~run away in fear Sağ-mak= ~to make it pour tight >Sağanak=downpour > Sahan=the container to pour water Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak= ~to spill from thought into emotions> ~longing Sek-mek= to go (by forcing /hardly) forward /on it Sak-mak = to grasp/ hold (back by forcing /hardly) (sakar=clumsy) Sak-en-mak>sakınmak =~to ponder hard/hold oneself back/beware Sok-mak= to take/put it (by forcing) inward Soğ-mak=to penetrate (forced) > Soğurmak=~ make it penetrate inward /~to suck Sök-mek= to take/put it (by forcing) from the inside out (~unstitch/rip out) Sık-mak = ~to press (by forcing) inward/to squeeze (Sıkı= stringent) Sığ-mak= ~fit inside (Sığ-en-mak>sığınmak= ~to take shelter) Süz-mek=~to make it lightly flow from top to bottom (~to filter, strain out) Sez-mek=~to keep it mentally flowing gently (~to perceive, to intuit) Sız-mak=~to get flowed slightly (~to infiltrate) Suŋ-mak=to extend it forward (to put before, to present) Süŋ-mek=to get expanded outwards (sünger=sponge) (süngü=bayonet) Sıŋ-mak=to reach by stretching upward / forward Siŋ-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide out) Söŋ-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to fade out) Tan= the dawn /旦 Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of) Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak= diagnose /to identify Tanınmak = tanı-en-mak= to be known/recognized Tanıtmak = tanı-et-mak=to make known /to introduce Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak= to get to know each other =(to meet for the first time) Danışmak= to get information through each other Tıŋı= the tune (timbre) /调 Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally >Tınlamak=responding /~to take heed of Tıŋı-la-mak= to get the sound out Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >Dinmek= to get quiescent Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >Dinlemek= to listen / 听 Theng> Denk =~equal >sync / 登克 >Denge =balance (Tenğ-mek)>Değmek=to touch each other (at the same point,position or level)/ ~to be of equal-level/ being worth) (tenger> değer=~value) (teğet= tangent) (teng-yüz>deŋiz=sea) eş değer=equivalent > eş diğer= equal to (each other) Deng-en-mek>değinmek = to mention / touch upon Deng-eş-mek>değişmek =to turn into something else equivalent /to get altogether a change Deng-eş-der-mek>değiştirmek =to change it /~exchange Çığ (chuw) = snowslide / 雪崩 Çığ-ğur-mak =çığırmak= ~to scream /~read by shouting Çağır-mak= calling / inviting / 称呼 / 邀请 Çığırı > Jigir > Şiir = Poetry / 诗歌 Cığır-la-mak > Jırlamak > to squeal /~shout with a shrill voice Çığırgı >Jırgı> Şarkı = Song / 曲子 Çiğ (chee)= uncooked, raw / 生 Çiğne-mek =to chew / 咀嚼 (Çiğnek) Çene =chin / 下巴 Çiğ (chie)= vapor drop, dew / 汽 , 露 (çi’çek=flower/ çi’se=drizzle) Taş = the stone (portable rock)/大石头 Taşı-mak = to take (by moving) it / to carry Taşı-et-mak =Taşıtmak> to have it transported Taşı-en-mak =Taşınmak> to move oneself to a different place Kak-mak=to give direction (Kakğan=which one's directing>Kağan>Kahan>Han =leader) (Baş-khan>Başkan=president) Kak-der-mak>kaktırmak= ~to set aside Kak-al-mak>kağılmak =to be oriented via/ to get fixed anywhere >kalmak= to stay Kağılık-mak=to tend upward >kalkmak =to stand up / to get up Kak-al-der-mak>kağıldırmak>to make it being steered away> kaldırmak = to remove Kak-en-mak> kağınmak=~to be canted> kanmak / ikna olmak= to ac-know-ledge it's so, to be convinced Kak-en-der-mak> kağındırmak= kandırmak (ikna etmek) = ~ to trick , (to persuade) Der-mek=(~to provide) to set a layout by bringing together (der-le-mek= to compile) (deri=integument, derm) Dar-mak= to bring into a different order by disrupting the old (tarkan=conqueror) (tarım= agriculture / tarla= arable field) ( taramak= to comb) Dar-al-mak>darılmak=getting into a disrubted mood toward someone Dur-mak= to keep being present (~to remain/~to survive/~to halt on) (thoru>diri= alive) durabilir=durable (boğa-thor>bahadır=冒頓=survivor-victim>victor hero) Dur-der-mak> durdurmak= ~to stop Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll) (dürüm=roll of bread) Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis >thörmek = to mix/ ~to blend (döngü/ törüv=tour) (törüv-giş=tourist) (Thörü-mek)>türemek= to become a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind / type) (Thörük =created order/form by coming together over time) >Türk Töre=order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history) Thör-et-mek>türetmek= to create a new layout combining= to derive Thör-en-mek>dörünmek= to rotate oneself / to turn by oneself Thörünmek>Törn-mek>Döŋmek= to turn oneself (döner=rotary dün=yesterday dünya=world) (Döŋ-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something (Döŋ-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something (Döŋ-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ transform (Edh) Ez-mek=to thin something down by pressing over= to crush/ to run over (Edg) Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> eğmek= to tilt/ to bend eğim =inclination Eğ-al-mek>Eğilmek=to get being inclined/ be bent Eğ-et-mek>Eğitmek=to educate Eğir-mek= to make it rotate around itself or turn to another way within a specified time =~ to spin (eğri =curve /awry) Evir-mek=to make spin around itself or turn it another form in a specified time =~to invert Devir-mek = to make it overturn (devir=~circuit) Eğir-al-mek>Eğrilmek= to become a skew / become twisted Evir-al-mek>Evrilmek= to get a conversion/transformation over time (evrim=evolution, devrim=revolution, evren=universe,) Uğra-mak= to get (at) a place or a situation for a specified time> uğramak= drop by/ stop by Uğra-eş-mak=to stop by (altogether) into each other for a specified time> uğraşmak=to strive/ to deal with Uğra-et-mak> uğratmak = to put in a situation for a specific time Öğre-mek=to get (at) a status or a level / to get an accumulation within a certain time Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or info level at a certain time> öğrenmek= to learn Öğre-et-mek=to have somebody get (at) a knowledge /info level (at a certain time)= to teach Türkçe öğretiyorum =I am teaching turkish İngilizce öğreniyorsun = You are learning english Öğreniyorsun = You are learning > Öğren-i-yor-u-sen (You’ try to learn) Öğreniyorum = I am learning Öğreniyordum = I was learning Öğreniyormuşum=I heard/realized that I was learning Öğrenmekteyim=I have been learning / I am in (the process of) learning Öğrenmekteydim=I had been learning / I was in (the process of) learning Öğrenmekteymişim=I heard/noticed that I had been learning Öğrenirim =~ I learn (then) > Öğren-e-er-im (I get to learn) Öğrenirdim= ~I used to learn / I would learn (~I‘d get (a chance) to learn ) Öğrenirmişim=I heard/noticed I would be learning ( I realized I’ve got (a chance) to learn) Öğreneceğim= I will learn Öğrenecektim= I would gonna learn (I would learn) Öğrenecekmişim=I heard/realized that I would have to learn Öğrendim = I learned Öğrenmiştim= I had learned Öğrenmiş oldum (öğrenmiş durumdayım)= I have learned Öğrendiydim= I remember having learned /I remember such that I've learned Öğrenmişim =I realized that I've learned Öğrendiymişim=I heard that I’ve learned -but if what I heard is true Öğrenmişmişim=I heard that I've learned -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing Öğreniyorumdur =I guess/likely I am learning Öğreniyordurum =I think/likely I was trying to learn Öğreniyormuşumdur=As if I was probably learning Öğreneceğimdir= I think that I will probably learn Öğrenecektirim=I guess/likely I would gonna learn Öğrenecekmişimdir=As if I probably would have to learn Öğrenecekmiştirim=Looks like I probably would have learned Öğrenmişimdir = I think that I have probably learned Öğrenmiştirim= I guess/likely I had learned

[@Pinkert-on]

this is because of the four devastating Turkic raids on the Ossetians (Alans) in the Middle Ages. Ossetians were then almost exterminated.

[@cemreomerayna463]

Hello! I am the one that submitted the Zazaki translation of the first article of the universal declaration of human rights to Omniglot. I also have a Wikitongue video if you would like to see it. Thanks a lot for your interest in our language. It is a language that is really hard to talk about due to the political drama going on and I appreciate your clearness and admittance of possible biases. I would like to help you prepare a much more comprehensive video on Zazaki. Please let me know if you are interested.

[@CheLanguages]

That's really amazing to hear. Unfortunately, I have stopped making full videos about a particular language, but we could work something out as I'm planning to make content on my second channel which would include a different style of video to my current ones. Send me an email and we can discuss (my email address is in my channel bio)

[@cemreomerayna463]

@@CheLanguages Hey, I sent you a mail two days ago. Unfortunately, I forgot to put a subject on it (lol) so it might be in your spam. Edit: I sent back another email (with a title now!!!(

[@CheLanguages]

@@cemreomerayna463 I will take a look later, I am a little busy with YT stuff rn though. Thank you!

[@CheLanguages]

Which was your favorite? Tell me what you'd like to see next time!

[@nenenindonu]

I gotta say Zazaki mainly due to the fact that the language somehow emerged in a spontaneous and mysterious way

[@sobertowelie3267]

Ossetian out of the three. Simply because its modern main dialects are recognizable as different dialects, even to non-native speakers.

[@forgottenmusic1]

Definitely Kumzari, as an Indo-European language heavily influenced by other than Indo-European is rather exceptional. What about a video describing the indigenous Caucasian languages - Circassian, Abkhaz, Chechen etc, and perhaps the most archaic in the region, Udi?

[@AvrahamYairStern]

Ossetian is beautiful, I'd love to know more about it

[@CheLanguages]

@@nenenindonu it is rather interesting

[@MichaelPeterFustumum]

Some Omniglot sources are submited by me.

[@CheLanguages]

That's awesome!

[@MichaelPeterFustumum]

@@CheLanguages You can see my name there!

[@CheLanguages]

@@MichaelPeterFustumum oh nice! Which ones did you submit?

[@MichaelPeterFustumum]

@@CheLanguages Basically charts and sample texts.

[@CheLanguages]

@@MichaelPeterFustumum Nice! Well, thank you for your contributions!

[@yasagarwal859]

You can add Dardic Languages everyone forgets that branch of Indic languages

[@CheLanguages]

It was on the map at the start

[@yasagarwal859]

@@CheLanguages as a forgotten language**

[@CheLanguages]

@@yasagarwal859 yes

[@truvakaplanmusicinternatio7671]

Yes you do know your language history and geography. I assume you live in UK from your perfect English. I am in Maryland

[@CheLanguages]

Yes I currently live in the UK and I was brought up here. I plan on moving out soon though

[@CheLanguages]

And thank you for your compliment

[@newazo]

Well I don’t know what different there is between Kurdish and zaza. In Kurdistan there is so much dialects you can find villages with more than one dialect. That don’t make them different languages or different people

[@CheLanguages]

Did you not see the difference between Kurmanci and Zazaki?

[@PecherGriffin]

Very cool languag3s why no Slavic ?

[@CheLanguages]

Slikha Russian Peter Griffin but at least I still mentioned Russia (North Ossetian Republic)

[@rasiris1]

russie gom shan

[@hayamkhan3841]

Eastern iranain are modern pashto,pathans pashto are Avestan,bactrian origin.

[@CheLanguages]

???

[@Random_Evolution]

The way you compared Zaza and Kurmanji (8:22) was not accurate as there were mutually intelligible synonyms on both sides (I am not Zaza nor Kurmanji yet was able to figure the following, in addition to what you have mentioned): mirov = insani wiqar = rumet his = aqil suur = wijdan biratiye = birayeye I am sure the native speakers of the dialects can find more. And thank you for the information about the Osetian and Kumzari.

[@CheLanguages]

Very interesting, thank you for providing me with this more in-depth examples!

[@lex_barker]

I want to say about the Ossetian language. It is incorrect to say that Iron = Ossetian. Because it is also necessary to take into account Digor, which is more archaic than Iron. That is, Ossetian = Iron AND Digor. The Soviet government limited Digor's rights. This is why today people mistakenly consider Iron and Ossetian to be one and the same Also, in the Ossetian language itself there is no self-name for the entire people, therefore in Western Ossetia, where the Digorians live, their language is called “дигорон ӕвзаг”, and in the rest of Ossetia, where the Ironians live, it is called “ирон ӕвзаг”

[@CheLanguages]

Thank you! I had no clue, this id great to know

[@CheLanguages]

Is Western Ossetia covered by North and South Ossetia or is it in Georgia proper?

[@lex_barker]

​@@CheLanguages, Western Ossetia is Digoria (Russian: Дигория), located in North Ossetia. But also in Kabardino-Balkaria (also a region of Russia) there is the village of Ozrek (Russian/Ossetian: Озрек), where Ossetians live

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

The significant amount of Turkic loanwords in modern Ossetic bears witness to the fact that in the ancient past there were intensive contacts between the ancestors of modern-day Ossetians and the Turkic world.

[@CheLanguages]

It makes a lot of sense given it's location. I wouldn't be surprised if it shares vocabulary from Georgian, Circassian and even Chechen too

[@Abeturk]

terms and conditions (akar-eser / eser-eker) EĞER-ISE = (EVEN-IF) (su AKAR- yel ESER) = water flows - wind blows İSE-EĞER = (IF-EVER) (yel ESER- ekin EĞER)= the wind blows and bows the crops EĞER-ISE and İSE-EĞER constructs are used to specify "conditions" and are often used interchangeably. İSE-EĞER: means "If ever" and indicates a condition that is more likely to occur. "If ever you need any help, just let me know." (Yardıma ihtiyacın olursa eğer, sadece haber ver.) or (Herhangi bir yardıma ihtiyaç duyarsan, bana haber vermen yeterli) “If I'm not tired, we’ll visit them in the evening.” = “Yorgun değilsem eğer akşamleyin onları ziyaret ederiz” EĞER-ISE: means "Even if" and indicates a condition that is less likely to occur. "Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go for a walk." (Yarın yürüyüşe çıkacağım, eğer yağmur yağıyor olsa dahi ) or (Yarın yağmur yağsa bile yürüyüşe çıkacağım.) “Why should i go to work, (even) if I'm not getting my salary” = Eğer maaşımı alamıyorsam, neden işe gideyim ki.

[@Pinkert-on]

this is because of the four devastating Turkic raids on the Ossetians (Alans) in the Middle Ages. Ossetians were then almost exterminated.

[@redsamson5185]

שלום 🕊️

[@CheLanguages]

שבת שלום! (אני לא שומר שבת אז אני יכול לענות לך)

[@redsamson5185]

כל הכבוד

[@redsamson5185]

אני מודה שאתה כותב בעברית איתי למען ללמוד עברית.

[@CheLanguages]

@@redsamson5185 אין בעיה, אני מעדיף לדבר בעברית כי אף פעם אין לי הזדמנויות לתרגל ולשפר את העברית שלי הימים האלה. אתה גר בארץ?

[@redsamson5185]

אני גר בארה״ב.

[@aniinnrchoque1861]

Plausible arguments have been brought that make the original argument null and void. That said Ossetian settlement and cohabitation with Kartvelians didn't begin until the 13th century as some groups fled the Mongols.

[@CheLanguages]

Apparently that's how they're linked, but it seems odd given the history you mentioned. Either way, they're Indo-Iranian!

[@aryaa7069]

They are descendants of the Alans who lived in the same region, and Alans themselves are 100% Scythians so there's not really a debate

[@aniinnrchoque1861]

@@aryaa7069 hmm, genetically that might just loop around in "North-Ossetia" but vaguely so. I have not personally encountered credible information that ties the Ossetian language with Samartian and Scythian at all. Rather it being of regular Iranic descent and likely south of the Caucasus range. The "migration" of the Ossetians with the Turk arrival is what leads me to that conclusion - if you have different sources I am happy to look at them. Accepting some Iranic sedentary episodes within the Kartvelian Caucasus ranges seems sensible. But I do not directly credit Ossetians for it, nor do I afford them any kind of rights of succession at that. To me they are a settled people group that for the longest time lived harmoniously in that area, said region not being homogenous nor it being a region where Ossetians have the primary sedentary claim. This reality I believe is expressed in the current Kartvelian-Ossetian relationship as compared the to Kartvelian-Abkhaz (first one guns are drawn as you approach the "border" - second one both sides aren't happy with one another but would go for a drink to talk).

[@aryaa7069]

@@aniinnrchoque1861 Well your hypothesis that they moved into the Caucusus from Iran simply doesn't make any sense. Ossetian is an Eastern Iranic language and it's very VERY different from, say, Persian. Also genetics aren't everything, most Anatolian Turks today have less than 10% Medieval Turkic DNA and yet they identify as Turks because they are culturally and linguistically descended from them. Some Alans actually got pushed into Europe by the huns during the migration era and settled all over the place (and even established a kingdom in Iberia!) but were eventually assimilated. The rest of them however retreated into the Caucusus and became Hunnic and later on Khazar vassals until they eventually converted to Christianity. A large part of their population was also killed during the Mongol invasion :(

[@aniinnrchoque1861]

@@aryaa7069 First of all thank you for your input! It has helped a lot. So turns out indeed they came from the North and it was in fact the Mongol invasion (Not Turk invasion) that pushed the diaspora south of the Caucasus in the 13th century. I agree that Ossetian can be given the benefit of the doubt just like with Albanian in terms of its origin. As for Turk supremacy it's quite daunting how much assimilatory success (to avoid saying genocide) they achieved in such a short span of time - it's fair to say that indeed the Turkish specifically are not Turk ancestry-wise at all but we're merely submitted to the invasive culture and language (not unlike many countries in the Americas with colonial culture and language).

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

The title should be 3 Forgotten Iranic languages

[@CheLanguages]

I guess so, but because I want to make more in this series, I didn't want to limit myself

[@espoire1757]

The Kirmancki-Zazaki is not an Kurdish dialect!! the Zazaki is the Zazaki! it's an Indo-European language of the Aryan language branch

[@Persian341]

i speak ossetian and when i heard ossetian i thoutgh that i was triping but no ahhahahhahahahahahah

[@CheLanguages]

That's so cool! Do you live in Ossetia?

[@Persian341]

@@CheLanguagesno i have some family who live there so I learned there language to talk to them

[@Persian341]

Нæ йæ бон зæгъдзæн, кæд дæ уæд базонын фылдæр базонын сæйраг зонын æй бирæ нæуæг зонын æвзаг зонын сæйраг

[@Persian341]

I can put it in the Latin script if you want

[@CheLanguages]

@@Persian341 that's awesome! Do they live in North or South Ossetia?

[@Sadnessiuseless]

Why do you call the soviet republics "colonies" of the soviet union?

[@CheLanguages]

They were treated as much. Take the Holodomor for example, the difference between Russians and Ukrainians on a cultural, ethnic and linguistique level is actually fairly minimal, but Russians killing and oppressing Little Russians (as they were called back then) during a time they were supposedly equal partners in a great communist struggle doesn't exactly communicate being an equal république, but something more of a colony

[@CaptainHarlock-kv4zt]

Her biji Kurdistan!

[@CheLanguages]

YES!

[@ampm9771]

There is no such a thing as Indo-Iranian. This term was fabricated by Brirqin, true Vedic period India were in fact Iranians, but they werw wiped out of the planet by the original Indians who were Dravidians. It is now been established that Vedic Sanskrit in fact is an off-shoot of Old Iranian of Avestan period. Besides, Parthian language isn't Median, it is related to Saka.

[@CheLanguages]

Average Tamil nationalist

[@ampm9771]

@@CheLanguages FYI I am Iranian hahaha

[@CheLanguages]

@@ampm9771 interesting?!

[@thenoobprincev2529]

​@@ampm9771Yeah, Sure dindu.

[@user-zs4rh5ys2d]

Armenian language is Indo-Iranian too

[@CheLanguages]

I'm yet to talk about it. But it's not Indo-Iranian, it forms its own branch of Indo-European

[@user-zs4rh5ys2d]

@@CheLanguages it is Indo Iranian and not indo european. Armenian language is indo iranian 100% you it is clear for you or not?