3RACHA is Kinda Hot...

[@Celenkf]

I am simple, i saw 3racha i click 💁🏻‍♀️

[@johanna_0.0_]

That's how most of us work

[@kemishamarshalleck8605]

We all simps for 3racha

[@abbygaël-l6i]

The same 😂

[@Hanniejihearts]

Fr

[@hitha2340]

As Bang Chan says ✨ I'm a very simple person✨

[@christinamaecorsega9134]

"so the right term would be 3RACHA BEST PRODUCERS " and then 2023 they won an award as Best creator award as 3RACHA ❤️❤️

[@von1glik]

Yeah but the same award show gave best producer to a producer of one of the most poorly produced albums of set year:/

[@expurtlaygos5566]

@@von1glik which producer and which album?

[@Stay4ever305]

​@@von1glikwhich and who??

[@ainaqella]

1:00 and they got a best producer awards while Han run for his life

[@PoeticMisfortune]

It was so funny... bad timing for a potty break. 😂

[@Luna_Love11]

Imagine if all of them were on break😂😂

[@Ryu-201]

@@Luna_Love11 Hyunjin wasn't present when 3Racha was recieveing their award. Han and Seungmin ran back but poor Hyunjin missed this part.🤣

[@Stay4ever305]

​@@Ryu-201oh no-😂😂😂

[@C-Locke]

Literally on e of the most iconic and hilarious moments in all of SKz history. I will never forget the way Han and Seungmin froze and then just took off RUNNING while Chan was laughing at them. I look up that video whenever I'm feeling down because it makes me smile so much. Someone recreated it with SKzoo (and included Jiniret admiring himself in the bathroom mirror) and I laugh so hard every single time I see it.

[@fathimarismiya918]

" Date a guy like bangchan " Yeah we were dating him but he cheated and broke up with us yesterday

[@SandraAnisiobi]

LOL , but we got back together , when berry cheated , dont he is still with us

[@squidaddendum]

someone needs to make a comprehensive timeline video of this and have ben react to it fr

[@ayba9177]

​@@squidaddendumthere's a video of his bbl messages for the last few days before the breakup, the breakup, and.. the day after! Lol but is Ben ready??

[@ayba9177]

Dating?! We were married!! 😫😫 Then FRIEND-ZONED! The pain is still so fresh! Lol

[@squidaddendum]

@@ayba9177oh srsly lol i didn’t know that but yeah idk ben might not ve ready yet

[@bokki938]

3racha is the official producing team of stray kids! although they do it together, bang chan is the main producer making these incredible sounds.. but they definitely all record and write together! And 3racha is also the official name.. all the other ‚rachas‘ are mainly fandom names, but they actually get credited as 3racha on the songs ✨ Edit: bang chan is also the most credited out of the three, if you look at song credits, he is basically listed as writer and producer on all of them 🔥

[@von1glik]

3racha is more than a producing unit. They were a group before skz and are recognised as one.

[@shweta7508]

Ben you NEED to do chan flirting with stays..Hes the reason why stays are so delulu

[@Gii7077]

Someone send this man an updated "Chan flirts with Stays" video

[@VikingPandawan]

If Ben ever dive into Chan's bubble conversations - ESPECIALLY THE MOST RECENT ONES. It's game over for that poor man.

[@ayba9177]

Idk if Ben's ready for bbl Christopher.. 👀 heck I don't even know if I'M ready for bbl Christopher!! That other day took a bit to leave my system! 😤

[@Rayasauruss]

YES

[@annannya1356]

no but is there anything to update when Chan's room is gone..🥲

[@rose-boateng]

Ben the oficial rachas in stray kids are 3racha , dance racha and vocal racha. 3racha = Chan, changbin and Han. Dance racha = Felix , Hyunjin and Lee know. Vocal racha = Seungmin and I.N. The other rachas are made by STAY ( the fandom ) but Stray kids know about it. You can react to Dance and Vocal racha to. They are amazing as well.

[@MakeGoodTrouble]

Danceracha and Vocalracha were also created by Stay. SKZ just got so used to it and liked it so it kinda became official. 3racha the the only SKZ created one.

[@K1ss3s.]

I scream anytime I see bang chan 😭😭😭 he's so beautiful

[@Nezz131]

Bang Chan came to eat at my cousin's restaurant in Sydney in his latest holiday.😭 she's so damn lucky to see him in rl😭😭

[@K1ss3s.]

@@JennieAloneDefeatsYourFavs fuck yeah I will

[@supershinhwa]

​@@Nezz131May I know which restaurant please? Now that he's back in Korea? I'd love to visit the restaurant too 🥺

[@Forever.staytinycarat.armygene]

ME FR 😭he really is gorgeous

[@bluelilac2579]

So - music wise, 3RACHA is the only official 'RACHA' in Straykids. The members of DANCERACHA and VOCALRACHA have done songs together but when you check the official credits from JYPE it's just each member's name listed. For 3racha members, in everything that they are credited JYPE lists them as 'Bangchan (3racha), Changbin (3racha), Han (3racha). This is also reflected in their KOMCA credits, where all other members of Straykids are simply listed with their names and the group name, but not their RACHA; except for 3RACHA. So essentially, 3racha is a recognised professional producing team and has even [though limited so far] produced for artistes other than Straykids. All three though [3Racha, DanceRacha and VocalRacha] are credited performance wise. So they will promote them for stage performances, youtube uploads, and other videos as DanceRacha and Vocalracha; just not in their music credits. 3Racha pre-dates Straykids. As an entity separate from straykids they are a rap group in the traditional sense of OG rap groups, where you have two that do most of the rapping and one is the DJ. Changbin and Han are the main rappers of 3racha. Chan is also very much a rapper in 3RACHA, but is also the DJ. As an entity within Straykids, 3RACHA is the Producer Unit. They are responsible for 99% of the Straykids catalogue. That means writing, arranging and composing, largely. [*They do collaborate with other Producers for some of their tracks, as well as other members of the group] For most songs on the albums you will see 3RACHA jointly credited for writing and composing. Changbin and Han are credited for Arranging as well, but Bangchan is the one that mostly takes on this task for 3racha. He is also credited in several other areas in music production - including Mixing, Programming, Mastering Engineer, and some instrumentals. Also - Chan's Room...not the live :(, but rather his own studio in JYPE, is also its own entity in the agency and you will see on SKZ album credits that JYPE will list the 'studio' name where different songs are recorded and produced in, and Chan's Room is one of those. This is long I know but final fun fact - the whole RACHA thing stems from 3RACHA, which as I said is a pre-debut group formed independently by those three members. Fans loved the concept and began adding the RACHA suffix to other dynamics in the group, hence Danceracha and Vocalracha, professionally adopted by the group and company themselves, and the more fun ones [savagerach and paboracha; plus a thousand more] that are just based in the fandom.

[@mile.maciel520]

❤

[@alyssacharles1878]

❤

[@Milka-uy6jm]

❤

[@maishatabassumarpa4343]

Bangchan- producer, lead vocalist Lee know- Main dancer, lead vocalist, sub rapper Changbin- producer, Main rapper Hyunjin- Main dancer, Lead rapper Han- producer, Main rapper, lead vocalist Felix- Lead dancer, sub rapper Seungmin- Main vocalist I.N- vocalist But it's Skz , they are all 8 all-rounders, that mean they all can sing, rap, dance pretty well, that you'll forget their position soon😂❤❤

[@saeedkhan776]

You forgot to add han to producer

[@maishatabassumarpa4343]

@@saeedkhan776 ooh, I forgot, thanks

[@tapioooca5182]

if lino is sub rapper then chan is lead rapper since he raps more and writes it too. but i wouldn't call him that, let's just say both sometimes rap, since the main lead sub titles don't apply to them anymore anyway

[@Gii7077]

does 'sub vocalist' not exist? Bc I feel like Changbin, Felix and Hyunjin def. fit there as well!

[@ohlordd-431]

Lead, sub, main, etc.. officially don’t exist in skz since a few years ago

[@ayehanhenlz]

PLEASE DONT LET THIS MAN STOP MAKING SKZ VIDEOS

[@hani.5079]

Han is an ace and Changbin and Chan are proud of their baby.

[@thatlovelyma4700]

Stays would never forget this Wow song. It's the way 3racha cringes at it themselves 😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@qkanerd]

I wish they would really remake it! It was floated at one point but shot down. I hope they reconsider! Wow is SO good!

[@thatlovelyma4700]

@143qka I wish they would too.

[@qkanerd]

@@thatlovelyma4700 Chris keeps bringing it up from time to time but the other musketeers don't give in.

[@thatlovelyma4700]

@@qkanerd Really? To remake it?

[@qkanerd]

@@thatlovelyma4700 Yeah. It really IS a good song! Stays still play it on 3racha's channel but it would be amazing if they rerecorded or simply just released their old stuff. A 3racha girl can dream! 😩

[@stayforstraykiss]

Not him playing hans THAT part in wow😭😭😭😭

[@Tinkerbell977]

Bangchan flirting with stays Ben that is a must must must watch

[@Joyniyi]

0:58 Well 3racha eventually got best producers award 2023 💁‍♀️

[@ayba9177]

So proud!! 🥲🥲

[@haleyflusche3044]

I love them all but Changbin does something to me 😭 I love the way he raps and I mean, he's fine asf.

[@mamasita98421]

That 100th episode of Chan's room was hilarious! You should definitely watch it!

[@qkanerd]

Omg, I completely forgot about Han and that cake until I saw this reaction video. 🤣

[@eline07-]

So happy that you reacted to a video of 3racha! I would 100% recommend for you to watch a separate video of Chans room ep 100. My favorite videos about that live are: ‘3racha in Chan’s room ep. 100 was…a lot’ by Katya Strom and ‘three men in colorful pants (10% 3RACHA, 90% laughter)’ by closer to the edge. I watch these videos whenever I’m not feeling well and they always make me smile!!

[@love_yourself_Bangtan]

Omg yes Ben, you need to react to Chan's room ep 100 😁 iconic 3rachas

[@noorpie143]

Yesss that ep. is hilarious🤣🤣 Ben pls watch it its really good

[@ayshatafheem21]

i kinda hope he does danceracha next. ps, 1:09, actually every boy should be like bang chan

[@Gii7077]

YES to danceracha

[@hannahtaysom1214]

Yesss please we need a danceracha vid

[@jaguarlover6160]

Yes

[@vulymra]

the best part of this is 3racha winning their first best producers award all together as 3racha

[@qkanerd]

Honestly, Han aborting his trip to the bathroom and running at the speed of light made the moment so 3racha! It was beautiful! So proud of them!

[@briannaheron15]

I am a simple woman. I see Ben Kim and 3racha and I click.

[@Lixxies_brownie]

The inevitable hunt for bangchans laptop is crazy stays r just trying to see all prereleased songs 😭

[@cloudyartemis2571]

At this point in my Ben Kim journey, when he says ‘I’m straight’ I don’t know if he’s trying to convince us or himself 🤣

[@ainaqella]

8:56 about this one, there's a longer vers of how tf that walrus came from. You can search 3racha, 3 men in colorful pants and I must say the whole vlive is hilarious😂

[@paulinapena5025]

I need him to react to their Kingdom performances!!! Specifically the Mayfly performances!!!

[@cherrymin226]

Wish they had clips of 3racha SINGING aswell! All of these 3 have Angelic vocals aswell♡

[@maricanoel8797]

🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻

[@AviShehara]

3:33 Come on Ben... By now you should know that most things SKZ do don't have context 😂😂😂

[@Villain_1201]

And.... 5:07 Bangchan: read rap🎤🎧 Ben:He is so hot.I'm straight 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@user-ho7bd7pq4n]

There is still Dansracha, Felix, Hyunjin, and Lee Know

[@user-ho7bd7pq4n]

@@karlam3622 yahh

[@naniaurora16]

What y'all are not gonna do is sleep on Changbin's vocals. That man has an amazing singing voice. I just hope he can get more recognition for his vocals.😍🥰

[@analovesyou1497]

Basically all skz members are talented, they can do everything. Rap, vocalist, dancing, even produce their own song but yeah officially 3racha is main producer ( rap and sing too) in stray kids, danceracha is dance team(rap and sing too) and vocalracha is vocalist team

[@Gii7077]

When i tell you Ben's videos are a highlight in my day (also WOW is a meme for 3racha lmao, they made it when they were still very young and that 'excuse me noona do you have a boyfriend?' is used by fans to tease them about the lyrics. They literally have a song out called '3racha', you should listen to it)

[@bewkiebear84]

I only know Stray Kids from watching Ben's videos.. but Han is my favorite. He looks so damn innocent and then he busts out with incredible raps and you're just left sitting there like Eh?! I wish I could sit and watch KPop videos with Ben for real.. I think that would be so much fun! :D

[@stay_bae585]

I hope these skz reactions never end!

[@izu9040]

Interestingly enough, each SKZ member can do everything; Changbin's, Lee Know's or Felix's vocals sweep me off my feet, Hyunjin for example contributed A LOT to one of my fav SKZ songs, "Taste" (performed by danceracha: Lee Know, Felix & Hyunjin) as well as to "Red Lights", Seungmin can rap FAST AF, IN did such an immaculate job with their song "Maknae On Top" (performed by Changbin, Chan & IN). Basically, all 8 of them are absolute all-rounders, it's insane

[@Gii7077]

Also, I LOVE these reactions to older vids but someone send Ben a video that goes beyond 2020, 'cause they've all changed so much in their prefromances, vocal delivery, dancing etc, and he deserves to see it (and we deserve the reaction lmao)

[@izu9040]

I can't with the songs made by Han, this guy is such a talented songwriter and producer AHHHH, I recommend listening to "Volcano", "HaPpY", "Wish You Back", "Close", "Alien" and "I GOT IT". HANJI IS SO UNDERRATER IN THIS CATEGORY, HE DESERVES ALL THE RECOGNITION

[@stephaniemariecruz9276]

They got a producer award for the first time and I'm so proud of them

[@Joyniyi]

Legends say Chan's laptop holds secrets to the universe ( His laptop has many songs which haven't been released yet so stays made it a mission to try steal it )

[@winne208]

3racha was the only racha, the OG. They really hit different. The rest of the rachas(catracha etc) are all fanmade including dance/vocal-rachas as well. The terms got so popular the members themselves starts using them.

[@michaelaroskova4793]

3RACHA is an official sub-unit. They are my bias unit since Han and Binnie are my biases and Chan my main wrecker. Love these three idiots!

[@borahaemusic766]

Han’s songs 1. Wish you back 2. Alien 3. Happy 4. Volcano 5. Miserable and more You should definitely listen to them. Also 3racha are all producers including Han… Love your videos Ben❤❤

[@phyelachirwa5737]

My favorite 3racha moments are when they are in the studio recording

[@maishatabassumarpa4343]

Feeling proud of myself for clicking the video in just 53 seconds 😂❤

[@fairyli9870]

You instantly vibing to Wow is true Stay behaviour. It is all Stays' guilty pleasure😁

[@TheBexrayspex]

8:32 Man it really needs to be more clear that just before this Han had made up a rap verse about Changbin where he called him a “badakokkiri,” that’s why it’s so hilarious 😂

[@sol_0200]

the official racha’s from debut are 3racha, danceracha, the main dancers of the group and vocal racha, the main vocalist of the group but as they grew, stays made different racha’s for different trio’s and groups within stray kids like paboracha and savageracha😭

[@zoooooohehehe]

Now I really want you to react to their songs and mv's noowwww😭😭😭 especially that god's ddu du ddu kingdom performance like reallyyy please😭😭😭😭😭💘

[@notyours242]

The RACHA in Stray Kids: 3 RACHA - BANG CHAN, HAN & CHANGBIN DANCE RACHA - LEE KNOW, HYUNJIN & FELIX VOCAL RACHA - SEUNGMIN & I.N PABORACHA - LEE KNOW, HYUNJIN & HAN SAVAGE RACHA - LEE KNOW, SEUNGMIN & I.N

[@yaggie]

Ben " ...I'm Strait" when watching/listening to 3Racha /Stray Kids, gets me everytime!!! 😂 those guys are amazing though... love your content Ben!

[@coconutkut]

ben finally listened to WOW by 3racha, yeeeessss!!

[@PoppyWalton-y2g]

Ben there’s 3 main each rachas you know, 3racha obviously, danceracha(lee know Hyunjin and Felix) and vocalracha with Seungmin and I.N. paboracha and savage racha are just fanmade (although stray kids basically acknowledged they are real😂)

[@CNatt-wo6jv]

3racha- First 3 to ever meet and create and write songs predebut as a group. They are official producers and songwriters and majority if not all of SKZ songs are by them, plus callabs. ‘WOW’ is iconic song they literally made for fun absolute bop! CHANNIES ROOM- Since earlish debut chan has been doing lives every Sunday weekly as much as he can for stay. Has stopped recently sadly but many SKZ iconic moments happen during chans room !

[@Forever.staytinycarat.armygene]

My fav racha, they r so chaotic and hilarious for no reason 😭😭 still love the other rachas tho 😭🫶🏼

[@forestr5808]

Changbin performed Tomorrow by Tablo featuring Taeyang on Masked Singer. He sang and rapped both of their parts. Damn good rendition.

[@BelBanks77]

The walrus segment is from "3 men in colorful pants" that I've been recommending.

[@naomivarela6438]

14:20 immediately adding WOW to your playlist is a mood 😂you should also listen to "can't live without changbin"

[@khyunjinm]

some info : 3racha - Bang Chan , Changbin , Han Danceracha - Hyunjin , Lee know , Felix Vocalracha - Seungmin , I.N cmiiw

[@maishatabassumarpa4343]

Han is not main vocalist, he is main rapper, lead vocalist ❤

[@ShokojohJonh]

There are no positions in skz anymore precisely cause Han took main vocalist position along with Seungmin when Woojin left

[@tapioooca5182]

@@ShokojohJonh he didn't take main vocalist position, he only took some high parts and that doesn't make him a main vocalist, chan i.n and lino sings more than him

[@ShokojohJonh]

@@tapioooca5182 read my comment again. THERE ARE NO OFFICIAL POSITION IN SKZ. I said that he took the position of Woojin (main vocalist at that time) in songs because they needed another main vocalist. What you are talking about is the VOCAL LINE the vocal line is not exactly official it's just the people that mainly take singing parts in the songs. Only people with a somewhat official label in skz are Changbin (main rapper), Lee Know (main dancer) and Seungmin (main vocalist) cause 1.they almost only do that and 2. They are extremely good at it to the point of representing the group in these categories. HOWEVER, OFFICIALLY there are no positions in skz anymore

[@ShokojohJonh]

@@tapioooca5182 they would not have given a normal vocalist so much spotlight in their kingdom competition for I'll be your man performance, they did not have worries sending Han because there are no positions in skz, anyone can be a vocalist or a rapper depending on the needs of the song

[@MakeGoodTrouble]

​@@ShokojohJonh you're right that there are no official positions in Stray Kids, but the person responding to you didn't dispute that. Their beef was with you saying Han "took the main vocalist position." For one, you're contradicting yourself because if there are no official positions how can Han "take" main vocalist?? Two, you're just wrong because that never happened (Han taking main vocalist position).

[@A_K_O79]

I need you to do the Changbin being the dark rapper video!

[@CarlaOdom-e7f]

I'm 54 and just started following SKZ. 3racha are my biases. Han is my ultimate. Changbin are the 2 lead rappers. They hit hard. My ultimate biases tend to be rappers. Yoongi and Han. I'm old I talk a lot.

[@eline07-]

Was watching Supergirl before this and seeing you in the show genuinely scared the hell out of me

[@jjok_daeng_nyang]

wait till you react to seungmin singing he is just so passionate when it comes to singing and his angelic voice will makes you falling in love with seungmin more for sure!

[@seungminismybias]

yeah I wait for that too!🥺

[@konkrururu]

This holy trinity changed lives

[@VikingPandawan]

Ben vibing to "wow - 3racha" has been all of us at some point 😂❤

[@anisaabdulahi3313]

I need Ben to react to I can’t leave with changbin 😭😭😭

[@Asra3456-p9r]

There’s also danceracha u should watch vids of them tooooo 😉😉

[@Andi_Dreams]

You absolutely NEED to react to their music now. Their rap and producing is crazy

[@Happylemon0708]

Thank you for your awesome content. ❤ Since you were so surprised about Changbin on masked singer: Please watch his performance. Changbin is an underrated singer. He has an incredibly beautiful voice!

[@sanazamir8341]

Lol ben is like bangchan he makes a disgusted face when he is impressed or likes something

[@haze_stay1573]

Next Danceracha(lee know,hyunjin and Felix)😂

[@LuanaLevenhagen]

Ben's reaction to them rapping is so true, it’s just how I react. Words cannot begin to describe how much I admire 3RACHA. Like, they really can do it all. The three of them are so talented and versatile, and the fact that they compose and produce almost all their songs is what made me a fan. I'd love to see you react to more 3RACHA videos. My favorites are from them on studio recording and producing. It’s truly amazing and makes you appreciate Stray Kids even more. And yes, WOW is such a vibe, and the fact they wrote, produced and recorded it by themselves when they were literally teenagers is insane. I love 3RACHA early stuff as a hip-hop crew and will defend it until the end

[@jjok_daeng_nyang]

i really need ben to react to their songs so bad they all sound so good and you won't regret it

[@TriceeXO]

I hope Ben knows 3racha is the main “racha” and that’s where the rest of the Rachas are from. Lol.

[@Lemon__stay]

Hi Ben! I've been watching your posting everyday. Really glad that your vid got longer everytime u post. Really made my day everytime...🤟🏻🤟🏻🤟🏻

[@jay_jade94]

We need a danceracha and vocalracha video now!

[@soff4401]

I’m smiling watching you smile at changbin smiling at Hans singing skills ☺️ 2:14

[@nix65425]

You have to watch one of 3racha’s performances ben!

[@pallavikale9847]

Now it's really your time to start reacting to their songs....I am damn sure you will love them....

[@dyanduffy7651]

Ben in every single video his "I'm straight" by now are making people wonder if you're lying 😂😂😂

[@onlystayskz23]

idk if I can say that I am a total fan of you, but I get, every single time when you post, so excited and happy bcs I just love your reactions

[@beautiful_sky111]

3racha are the official racha even before skz debut, later dance racha and vocal racha bevame official.

[@adejo-willietirenioluwa4055]

Ben, you are being extra 😂😂😂😂. Although my guys hitting it hard. They are making me miss Savage rap king, their hyung Min Yoongi (Suga)

[@MariamMatoq]

I swear skz be my whole camera roll 😂

[@TatuliSopromadze]

NOW I AM WAITING FOR DANCERACHA AND VOCALRACHA🤭

[@evelee237]

3Racha- Bangchan, Changbin Han DanceRacha- Leeknow, Hyunjin Felix VocalRacha- Seungmin, I.N

[@bangbang8.]

I recomment you soooo bad to listen 3racha's songs ex. heyday, maze of memories, 3racha, we go, zone ...these are hellllaaa fine istg

[@ZoriNikolova]

Rappers no matter I what group they are if they rap good it's actually really hot

[@itstsitsia]

'Kinda hot' is an understatement, Ben😂

[@axxidmouse]

The way they won an award makes me SO HAPPY

[@tacosforbin]

the context for the clip that starts at 3:13 is that it was a mission. han's mission was to get high fives from all the members, hence him looking shocked and happy at 3:21, because he had completed his mission. and chan was supposed to adore changbin, on hyunjin's behalf, because hyunjin was unable to go with them. he had to get changbin to say 'stop it', which is why he's being so aggressive about it, lmao

[@straykids.96]

Whoever agrees with me, Changbin has changed a lot in terms of his appearance and has become prettier ❤😕

[@Nabi9864]

I like ben vibing to 3racha wow at the last part of video. All han solo song in skz record i love it all.

[@mxx1005]

Well they have other official racha : danceracha and vocalracha

[@stephaniemariecruz9276]

Chris is a great man and he deserves the world, 3Racha are a team and they are a powerful trio , they are one and always will be

[@maki2676]

1:08 "date a guy like Bang Chan" So now I'm officially starting a club for everyone who can't find someone like Bang Chan because he is one of a kind. You are all welcomed here ❤

[@HyujinlovesFelix]

Han is one the main lyricists of the group ❤

[@jaballahsanda9557]

BEN YOU GOT TO LISTEN TO 3RACHA BY 3RACHA

[@moonatizen]

16:54 “Of all the racha’s in Stray Kids: paboracha,savageracha and 3racha…” I love how first “racha” that came to his mind was paboracha and vocal- and danceracha wasn’t even mentioned😂😂

[@Dinonuggies214]

I’ve been lurking on your channel for a while and I think my favorite thing in your reactions is when you have a moment of gay panic and immediately cut to a “I’m straight” clip 😂 it’s the comedic timing for me lol (And yes, I did subscribe because you’re reactions have me cackling)