A forgotten Remnant of the Roman Empire?

[@Maiorianus_Sebastian]

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[@fourmula4812]

_ pes 20 T numerol _ 20 sid swastika gamadion _ pythagoras tetractys hexagram sexagram 20 _ atlas _ atlast20 _ 048 even _ 1235679 odd _

[@trazyianajones456]

Didn't expect that one welsh kingdom in vinland saga to be historically acurate

[@12Gauge223]

That was half the reason I clicked on this video.

[@teiloturner2760]

Jones Welsh surname. fanboy

[@WalesTheTrueBritons]

Not Gwynedd though! That was Gwent and Glamorgan. Known as Morgannwg. Seen in Vinland Saga, you’ll notice Asser wasn’t wearing Roman garb, but those of Morgannwg were.

[@trazyianajones456]

@@WalesTheTrueBritons i did some research on wikipedia after your comment. It's amazing how there were not one but several roman successor states in wales. Although morgannwg seems to have been less roman than gwynedd.

[@Cami-wd4rw]

Yeah i kinda expected this was what the video was going to be.

[@davidmcgarry8910]

This might explain why in the late 12th century, Owain Gwynedd, declared himself Princeps Cambriae after defeating England's Henry II in battle. The title princeps was first used by Augustus, and subsequent Roman emperors also used that title.

[@konradvonschnitzeldorf6506]

Thing is everybody in Europe used Latin titles. Almost all the documents were in latin. In that case the Roman Empire was very much alive.

[@davidmcgarry8910]

@@konradvonschnitzeldorf6506 True, but no one else of the "king" rank called themself "princeps". Henry II was enraged because Owen was claiming to be of a higher stus than the king of England.

[@faithlesshound5621]

@@davidmcgarry8910 The other rank higher than King was Emperor. There was a Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation as well as another Roman Emperor in Constantinople. No ruler of Wales could seriously be seen as on a level with either of them.

[@davidmcgarry8910]

@@faithlesshound5621 Hence Henry II's rage at Owen's claim.

[@РимскийОрел]

As many modern historians believe, the Roman Empire did not disintegrate; it was culturally and politically transformed into modern Western countries. Such as USA, UK, France, Spain and Italy. Some even believe that the Carolingian Empire is the successor to the Western Roman Empire!

[@precariousworlds3029]

You should also do videos on the similar rump states of the Eastern Roman Empire, like the Principality of Theodoro and the Despotate of the Morea

[@jamesabestos2800]

Or Morea, which I consider the end or at one of the pivotal moments that the byzantine ende. The furthest date is 1479

[@cromusician6153]

​@@jamesabestos2800 or despotate of Epirus as well

[@flaviusstilicho397]

So as the empire of trebizond

[@precariousworlds3029]

@@jamesabestos2800 I've not been able to find many resources on Epirus. Apparently Vonitsa fell in 1479.

[@saultd2343]

Or about the siege of Philadelphia (in western anatolia)

[@lymeregis4354]

The Roman way of life required a large trade network. The building materials found in archaeological sites, for example, had often travelled a long way before reaching their final destination. With the chaos leading to the demise of the western Roman empire many trade routes were disrupted and people returned to a simpler lifestyle. All that remained was memory, a claim to fame for local chieftains, who could trace their lineage back to Roman or romanised nobility.

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@Blox117]

they went back to living in dirt houses in the middle ages

[@loopernoodling]

Having gone on plenty of day trips to North Wales when I was a child, all I can say is that you would be looking at Rhyl for a very long time before you were reminded of the splendour that was Rome!

[@jarosawwitaszek-wysocki7927]

North Wales speak old Welsh btw... Is it really possible that they were Latin users any more than, let's say, Irish?

[@jacobparry177]

​@Jarosław Witaszek-Wysocki The Latin language survived only in religious institutions. Though the Latin language did have a pretty strong influence on Old, and thus modern Welsh in the form of borrowed words. For example: padell, from patella, ffenestr - fenestra, allor - altāre, eglwys - ecclesia, ystafell - stabellum, braich - braccium. And so on. Kings, princes and diplomats also would've used Latin to communicate with the Anglo-Saxons in the early period as, obviously, English was hardly spoken in Wales in this period.

[@garrywynne1218]

Yes Rhyl has an appeal “ all of its own” 🤷🏻🤣🤣🤣

[@cymraegpunk1420]

​@@jarosawwitaszek-wysocki7927 depends what you mean by that, like much of Europe we in Wales used Latin as the language of the church and laws for a long time after the empire fell.

[@HDTomo]

As someone who lives very near to Rhyl, it is very hard to compare it to something glorious, let alone Rome. It’s called Costa La Dole for a reason

[@jamesgrey1227]

The story of Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus) is undergoing a resurgence in Cymru(Wales) via the Dafydd Iwan song, Yma o Hyd (still here). It's often sang at Cymru international football matches,. It mentions him and the year 383. Thanks for focusing on my country. You've made my day!

[@hia5235]

Really cool!

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@brightlights365]

This Roman dynamic was represented in the manga Vinland Saga, set during the Viking invasions of Britain. Interesting stuff!

[@dusk6159]

Although Britannia in general was very roman (even with the Anglo-Saxons, and even with the Normans in England) indeed that Wales History was a gem of that comics Lucius Artorius Castus..

[@jonathanvillanueva9206]

Was just thinking about that lol

[@veila0924]

Oh man, I gotta see that then. I started that anime recently and as a lover of Welsh history I'm excited to see them in the anime.

[@JelMain]

Enfield's history is pivotal in this understanding. The Essex marshes meant the main road from the Saxon Shore passed inland through Epping to Waltham, where it joined the Roman road north. It also seems to have continued westwards, from the line of ancient houses now being excavated, Elsinghe in particular. Another couple of miles and we have Camlet Moat, at the start of the Ridgway system. Camelot? Not the huge camp of Hollywood imagination, but a small manor. Forces in those days were small, an army a thousand men.

[@arielfelts9111]

​@@dusk6159 Lol. My kid is named Lucius so scrolling past your comment made me double take😂. He's named Lucius Aelius after Lucius Aelius Caeser

[@nunyabiznez6381]

I have been a genealogist since 1976. I have been studying my own genealogy that long and I traced my ancestry back in my male line to around 1500 A.D. in Wiltshire. So a couple of years ago I had my DNA tested by three different companies. It showed as expected that I am part English, part Scottish and part Irish with trace amounts of Danish, Norwegian and Spanish and all that lines up perfectly with my research over the years. But here is the surprising part. While I had run into a dead end with my male line at 1500 A.D. in Wiltshire, I was able to be tested to see what my male line haplogroup is. There was no indication in my documented research that I would find it to be anything other than English or Anglo Saxon though I would not have been shocked to discover it to be French via the Normans. But imagine my surprise to learn my haplogroup puts me smack dab in the middle of ancient Rome. According to the data supplied in my haplogroup report, my male line was in Britain starting somewhere between 200 AD and 400 AD and it was in Rome Sometime between 100 AD and 300 AD giving me a pretty good overlap indicating that I had a male line ancestor who left Rome and Came to Britain sometime between 200 AD and 300 AD. Moreover it shows that prior to this period the male line had been in or around the city of Rome starting somewhere between 700 BC until it left for Britain as above stated. An earlier dna test showed my haplogroup as only speculative suspected as having originated in Norway around 600 AD so I had previously believed the origin to be Norman preceded by Vikings. But the Roman result was a more recent and more definite report and actually makes pretty good sense. So my first American ancestor in that line who came to Massachusetts around 1630 was friends with and related by marriage to a large number of other people from Wiltshire and guess what? After contacting a number of their living descendants I discovered that 9 of those Wiltshire friends and family who also came to that town in Massachusetts all have their male line haplogroup report showing Roman origin for the male line dating variously between 100 AD and 300 AD as the approximate times of when they left Rome and arrived in Britain. This is from DNA analysis and this all matches up perfectly with historic records of the Roman occupation. Probably explains why I make a pasta sauce to die for.

[@Azuris190]

I've started to research my genealogy latly, can i ask you, did you get your Information from Family Stuff, from the State or Church? And if the later ones, is it hard to ask for such Stuff :D? My Fathers Side is from Spain and i find many Documents online, but there are so many People with a similiar Name Scheming in the Region they came from, that it is hard to say who is who. I am also guessing, and i am very sure on it, that if i trace it back enough all of those have the same Ancestor... Why not give every Son the Name of its Father and Uncle. The most insane Thing i found was my Grandgrandfather from my Mothers Side, i found four Persons with his Name and the exact same Birth Date, but one born in the US, two in Germany and one in Russia.

[@lloyd9500]

Nice copypasta mate

[@stevejones4061]

I was born about 2 miles from the ancient Roman site of Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter) less than 15 miles from the modern border with Wales. Have an unusual Y-DNA for Britain (approx 1-2%) but perfectly OK for a Roman Auxiliary. Could I be a remnant from the Roman occupation, who knows?

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

@@stevejones4061 Wtf does 1-2% means? What is your haplogroup?

[@stevejones4061]

@@EasternRomeOrthodoxy J2-L26 shared with only 1 to 2 percent of the British population. J2 has been found in UK Roman digs.

[@viatorinterra]

Reminds me of the Welsh Legatus from Vinland Saga. The author did clarify that they were Welsh emulating Roman institutions instead of a Roman remnant per se, but still interesting.

[@kesorangutan6170]

ToldInStone actually gives another perspective which having Odoacer as the king of Italy meant nothing very different for the average roman citizen in Italy and to them, empire still existed. Not to mention how Odoacer was a "vassal" of eastern empire. Not to mention roman traditions and stuff continued after that. Morale of the story: history is a very fluid thing. You can't really say a big empire like Rome ended in a certain date.

[@qboxer]

Toldinstone is a great channel.

[@puma7171]

A closer look at the Frankish kingdom might also be interesting, as Roman institutions and language seems to have been preserved to some extent. What I find interesting is that the frankish title Hausmeier was referred to as major-domo, some of them seem to be issued from the "older" aristocracy. One of them was Waldelenus a gallo-roman aristocrat, married to Aelia Flavia...

[@timeup2549]

@@puma7171 They were not preserved, they were supersceded by the invading barbarians.

[@boozecruiser]

​@@timeup2549Absolute sensationalist bullshit with a hint of 19th century racialism. Not to mention the fact that in terms of technology, social structure, social geography, military organisation and wealth, the ""barbarians"" were pretty much on par with the Romans. In the late empire there were no clear divisions between Romans and barbarians, merely an individual writer's agenda and perspective

[@paulsmith5752]

You could legitimately argue that Theodoric the Goth was one of the ablest and most successful Roman Emperors.

[@InAeternumRomaMater]

Also just as Britannia, Dacia Traiana was also abandoned. But what some people don't know is that it was partial reconquered by the time of Constantine the Great in the IVth Century A.D

[@andreipop5805]

The theory of Sponsianus is also an interesting one. Based on some Roman coins found in Romania, it is believed by some that after the Aurelian retreat in 275, some unknown soldier by the name of Sponsianus might've taken the lead of the country for some time. However after about a century, urban life was also completely abandoned and the ancestors of the Romanians retreated in the mountains, living a tribal-like life as well (which is actually attested archeologically). Not everyone agrees on the Sponsianus being real but it does make an interesting scenario

[@doxasticdraco9990]

As far as I'm aware, roman settlements in Cymru were mainly concentrated in the southeast (in the lands of the silures). The west and north were occupied by forts and roads, but left largely autonomous. The occupation of hillforts was banned in the southeast, but tolerated in the north and west, where the elites partially adopted imported roman technology and goods. There was heavy irish settlement of the southwest (Dyfed and Ceredigion) and the northwest (Gwynedd), which Magnus Maximus may have legitimated while stripping the garrisons of Britannia Prima (Cymru) and Britannia Secunda (now northern England) for his imperial bid. Cunedda is reputed to have overthrown the local irish rulers of what becomes Gwynedd when founding his dynasty at Aberffraw. One legend recalls Romano-British soldiers carrying the red dragon (Draco) to Rome under Constantine or Magnus Maximus. Welsh kings were citing Macsen Wledig (their name for Magnus Maximus) as the basis of their inherited political legitimacy in the early 5th century. Around the 7th century the draco became known as the Red Dragon of Cadwaladr, king of Gwynedd from 655 to 682. Although Owain Glyndwr raised the dragon standard in 1400 as a symbol of revolt against the English Crown, the dragon was later adopted by the House of Tudor. The green and white stripes of the current welsh flag were additions of Pembroke-born Henry VII, the first Tudor king, representing the colours of his standard. During Henry VIII’s reign, the red dragon on a green and white background became a favourite emblem on Royal Navy ships, along with the Tudor Rose. It was replaced as a naval flag by the original Union Jack in 1606, after the Scottish monarch James Stuart became king of England, but the Union Jack didn't become a national flag until the 1707 Acts Of Union.

[@lloyd9500]

Very interesting. Thanks for sharing! Gives me immense pride as a Welshman

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@lerneanlion]

If only Magister Syagrius and King Cadwallon I of Gwynedd collaborated with each other, at least the Roman institutions may still continued to be practice in Gwynedd and the unification of Wales and the expansion into England under the new Western Roman banner might become a reality.

[@konradvonschnitzeldorf6506]

To be fair, the economic and agricultural base of England would always have been hard to match from Wales, No matter who sits there

[@lerneanlion]

@@konradvonschnitzeldorf6506 So does this mean the unification of Wales by Gwynedd and the expansion into England when it came under the Anglo-Saxon will be possible, right?

[@konradvonschnitzeldorf6506]

@@lerneanlion I guess in some other Dimension hahah

[@AallthewaytoZ2]

@@konradvonschnitzeldorf6506 The Normans managed this and held onto the country with an army of only 5-10k men in 1066. 1/3 of the army were Britons from Brittany. Up until the seventh century large chunks of occupied Britain were still British, i.e. several million people.

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺Never mind...this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@vitorpereira9515]

I would consider venice a remnant of Rome. It was founded by Roman refugees including patricians, it goverment was a republic and was never invaded. My question, however, is what language did the inhabitants of Venice speak in the first centuries? Did they speak Latin or another language derived from Vulgar Latin?

[@jamesabestos2800]

Said it way founded 967, but I say your claim is partially valid. 1). Historical - Having a Récord of being roman. 2). Authtencity - Having récords that your either A). Somewhat related (Turkey and France have this type of claim for being part of the empire, but not really at it's core) B). Deeply In There (One of the first provinces Rome Conquered).

[@jamesabestos2800]

Was* and San Marino has a really Buono claim

[@vitorpereira9515]

@@jamesabestos2800 But San Marino broke away from the empire.

[@ntonisa6636]

Well obviously a dialect of "Vulgar Latin" (proto-Venetian)

[@k.umquat8604]

​​@@vitorpereira9515San Marino never broke away from the empire. The area was founded as a Roman town. After the Romans collapsed,San Marino became autonomous.

[@napoleonfeanor]

Rome never fully fell. It changed over time, states were overthrown but memory, cultural traditions, Latin language, roman ideas of law etc. continued. Charlemagne was a huge Rome fan, like pretty much all Germanic conquerors (I mean those who actually stayed in the territory, not those who just looted) .

[@timeup2549]

The barbarian Charlemagne had nothing to do with Rome. And only the uncultured savages in gowns pretending to be "scholars" claim that ridiculous transvestite to be Roman in any way.

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺Of course there's a legacy which remains, just like their Macedonian relatives, Ottomans and the other empires - that's not the point. Point is that, Rome as a civilization and empire, is buried just like the Assyrians, Macedonians, Babylonians, Ottomans, Egyptians - all gone, by God's decree. Now, this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@napoleonfeanor]

@@EasternRomeOrthodoxy What did you smoke?

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

@@napoleonfeanor You ignorant faceless bots talk the same🤦‍♂️😅 I am an expert on the origins of nations, so keep quiet, pagan, while I am educating you...

[@John_Pace]

We could say there is one tiny remnant left today in the Republic of San Marino. Which was reputed to have been founded by Saint Marinus in 301. There is also the Republic of Venice, founded by refugees seeking refuge from the Huns in the Venetian Lagoons, which lasted until Napoleon in 1899. So the story is complicated.....

[@nathanportas2787]

Completely agreed

[@Roman_Kowalsky]

I must admit: the most logical comment about the remants of roman empire! Absolutely agree.

[@cpegg5840]

1799**

[@ericvogelsong652]

Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD. But remnants existed past its fall. The Roman Senate outlived the Western Empire for centuries in helping to run Italy in its first inception. Italy itself was a Western Roman Empire Remnant and via Justinian was renowned into the Eastern Roman Empire for decades.

[@DeanStephen]

My great grandfather was from Wales, born in a town called Aberystwyth, quite a bit south of Gwynedd. The curious thing is, he was a Latin nut, spoke it, taught it to his children, and even gave my grandmother a Latin name that partially got passed on to my mother. My grandmother subsequently taught Latin in a Colorado HS for many years, and I remember her trying to teach me before she passed at a far too early age. My point her is to suggest that if a poor Protestant Welsh family in the 19th century was teaching their (over a dozen) children Latin, far more of the Roman culture in Wales may have survived over a wider area for far longer than you surmise.

[@alessandrogoro8010]

Hi, I see this comment now, If what you say is true your greatgrandfather may be the last native latin speaker, if my suspect is corret he was tanking a mixed form of latin with your language, let's say a vulgar latin language, you could talk to a linguist this may be a an exeptional discovery, it's not know any form of vulgar latin in the british isles, you could rewrite history, thank you.

[@Tohma_Ed]

I really love your videos no one really talks about the late Roman Empire so thank you and keep up the good work!

[@MegaTang1234]

I guess Magnus Maximus truly was "Great, The Greatest".

[@neutronalchemist3241]

"I'm Big Biggest. Nice to meet you."

[@markgeorge4539]

A video on Ambrosius Aurelianus would work really well with this video. Great work as always

[@gwynedd4023]

the welsh look back on the pax romana fondley at leased they used to so they whould have lived in old roman settlements

[@michaelchen8643]

I have spoken to knowledgeable people from the UK especially people from Wales and they have a sense that they have a connection to the Latin language and to Rome and Roman customs so I’m not surprised

[@fredhercmaricaubang1883]

Ave, Frater Sebastianus! Since you brought up post-Roman Britain, would you say that the legend of King Arthur would've emanated from this period? If so, I would appreciate it if you could cover this particular topic. Gratias tibianus, mi amici et Frater!

[@AmericanShia786]

Excellent video. I live for these kind of Romantic takes on history, even if they aren't really accurate. I think it has to do with Fantasy Role-playing I did in the 1970s and 1980s. One of the originators of Dungeons and Dragons, Dave Arneson, as well as Dr. Philip Barker, who created Empire of the Petal Throne, were both from the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Area. I met them both several times. Since I loved both history and science fiction growing up, these kinds of videos are very enjoyable for me. Thanks for the excellent videos.

[@seronymus]

The more obscure the history, the better for me. Especially the convergence of imperial majesty (albeit in collapse) with mystery of the epoch and of course countless flowering saints as monasteries and anchorites blossomed across the West, sanctifying savage fields of chaos.

[@aleksandarvil5718]

Julius Nepos' Dalmatia ( *Roman emperor of the West from 24 June 474 to 28 August 475. After losing power in Italy, Nepos retreated to his home province of Dalmatia, from which he continued to claim the western imperial title, with recognition from the Eastern Roman Empire, until he was murdered. In 480, Nepos was murdered by two of his generals, Ovida and Viator, perhaps in Diocletian's Palace, possibly while planning an expedition of his own to recover Italy.* *Though Nepos' successor in Italy, Romulus Augustulus (r. 475-476), is traditionally deemed the last western Roman emperor, Nepos is regarded by some historians as the true last emperor of the west, being the last widely recognised claimant to the position. He was the last emperor to be crowned in the city until Charlemagne in the ninth century.* ) : *_“AM I A CHOPPED LIVER HERE ?!??”_*

[@pillshere5840]

As always when someone tries to fix something, they get murdeded. Oh Rome, the greatest enemy has always been within.

[@timeup2549]

Charlemagne has nothing to do with Roman Empire. Even the unholy Ottoman Empire is more of a Roman Empire than the Franks.

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@thehturt5480]

You are probably making a very good point here in presenting to fall of the Roman Empire not like a sudden and even - geographically - event ,but more like a crumbling one having different speed - also applied geographically. And yes You are very right in saying that was ,still is a fascinated event - at least for those who are into History ,so to speak.💯❤️

[@wandererg5117]

Excellent material. The Post-Roman history of Britain, especially until the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons, is as obscure as it is fascinating, or perhaps it is fascinating because it is so obscure! Subscribed.

[@WalesTheTrueBritons]

No it isn’t, it’s one of the best recorded times in history, Atleast from the British point of View. Unfortunately the Germanics and classical nuts won’t read through them, and when they do, they straight up deny it all.

[@TywysogCraig]

It’s been erased and our history didn’t begin with the romans. I’ve been born again since coming home to my beloved Cymru and have much to share

[@gwynbennett-williams]

Excellent write-up and video, Sebastian ! Thanks. You''re talking of my direct family line, which goes back through Magnus Maximus one side, Paternus further along. Incidentally, Redicus, a scribe at the Council of Nicaea (325AD, codification of the bible) was from Gwynedd.

[@richardconyard200]

As someone who can trace his routes in Gwynedd back at least a few hundred years (and then longer because of the property), interesting, I knew about Magnus, but not of the use of latin. From which historical record was this taken? The use of latin after the roman soldiers pulled out isn't widely commented upon, but when it is it's usually south Wales that is mentioned whereby in the 700's the quality of latin used in grave markings etc. in Wales is often found to exceed that of Rome.

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@astro4294]

jesus christ! late antiquity is so terrifyingly complicated, i am shocked that world history is this complicated even we only know SOME parts of history of human specie..

[@legiran9564]

When civilization is collapsing all around you and your daily life is reduced to a perpetual battle for survival, going around making detailed notes of what is happening around you and preserving it for posterity will be on top of very few if anybody's priority list.

[@astro4294]

@@legiran9564 yeah you are right, i agree.

[@Litany_of_Fury]

Don't call it the dark ages for no reason.

[@legiran9564]

@@astro4294 Even if by chance there were chroniclers in those dark days, preserving written history would be another challenge because regions and kingdoms were incredibly unstable and short lived at the time. There were too many invasions, warring and sacking happening in a short span of time that plenty of valuable historic information got lost in the process. We don't have to look far. Look for example the destruction of western Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa, the bombing of Monte Cassino Italy, the mass bombings of Germany and the fire bombings of Japan during WW2. Plenty of valuable historic documents and artworks are forever lost.

[@jeanpierreviergever1417]

What makes it especially difficult is that we tend to interpret historical events or developments from today’s frames, like nation states. My take from this is that this is much more nuanced and the notion of a nation state wasn’t developed until the 19th century. Before that I guess there was a much more complicated and less clear government structure.

[@fredrikkirderf2907]

it is interesting actually because the Tudur family which would give England the Tudor dynasty were nobles from gwynedd and Henry VIII considered himself and emperor despite bearin the title king (Ecclesiastical Appeals Act 1532) so you could consider him a Roman Emperor (I think he would fit in). Also since every king and queen since has been descent from the Tudur family (apart from Philip and possibly Willian III who were kings through their wives) you could consider Britain its self a successor state itself. Which would mean that India despite never being part of Either the Roman or Mongol empires was conquered by a successor to both of them.

[@photon4076]

I would consider the Italian cities throughout the Middle Ages, perhaps longer, successors of the Roman Empire. Italy never became feudalized to the degree the other territories of the western half of the Empire did. The cities remained self-administrating republics, Latin slowly developed into Italien, social structures didn't change much as far as I know.

[@patricklemire9278]

One of dangers of late night time scrolling is you find rabbit holes like this. Great stuff!

[@puma7171]

A closer look at the Frankish kingdom might also be interesting, as Roman institutions and language seems to have been preserved to some extent. What I find interesting is that the frankish title Hausmeier was referred to as major-domo, some of them seem to be issued from the "older" aristocracy. One of them was Waldelenus a gallo-roman aristocrat, married to Aelia Flavia...

[@bobbyshaftoe45]

Great vid. High information density combined with strong narrative. Why isn't public school history done this way?

[@LTPottenger]

It's only political indoctrination

[@drengr811]

Because those in power would rather show your children a drag queen show.

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@malchir4036]

Because actual history needs to stick to the facts rather than wild speculation for storytelling purposes.

[@pawelhuszcza9611]

Could Aeternus be Arthur? Maybe king Arthur? Or maybe his descendant who took the same name?

[@chickenusgoddus464]

That would be beautiful

[@asdfasdf-dd9lk]

Funny you should mention, one of the leading theories for who Arthur is based off of is Ambrosius Aurelianus, a Romano-Briton general who fought the Anglo-Saxons in the late 5th century.

[@Yora21]

I vaguely remember the Arthur legend to have mentions of the Britons sending a plea to the Roman commander in Gaul to help them against the Anglo-Saxons arriving on the island, and that Arthur was the one to step up to the job when no Roman support came. That same Roman general was also the one who dealt with Attila, and who arranged the betrayal of the Burgundians, creating the legend of Niebelungen Saga.

[@Kriegter]

Yes that is a hypothesis

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@Yora21 there's stories of the Roman Empire in Gaul waging wars in Arthurian myths and Arthur in Gaul fighting for and against the Romans. Not far fetch. Soissons existed. Or perhaps it could be the Byzantines in southern Gaul. People said "king arthur is fiction because the stories mention Rome in Gaul after the empire collapse" forgetting about Byzantine and Soisson Syagrus presence

[@Ulfcytel]

Maintaining a Roman-style regular army required a sizeable and at least moderately efficient taxation system. In a fragmented political environment where money was now more scarce (though several Romano-British petty kingdoms did set up their own mints), that didn't exist any more. Neither did the spare manpower of a large empire. Thus a tribal-based militia loyal to the local ruler was the most effective military force which could be maintained.

[@drawer_resp3858]

Surprisingly, I'm not surprised with Wales. One thing Vinland saga taught me, Wales was remnants of Rome.

[@Kuudere-Kun]

I would also argue for rethinking how we think about Justinian's reconquest of certain Western Roman territories. We typically think of it as the Eastern Empire expanding westward, but I would argue it can be thought of as a War of Liberation restoring the Western Empire. The administration distinction between East and West became permanent with Diocletian reforms, even though a handful of 4th Centuries would rule both it was really more like two Empires under the Personal Union of a single Emperor. The Senate continued to meet till at least 602 AD, meanwhile the Popes and other Bishoprics of the Western Church were basically the surviving Clerical Infostructure of the Western Empire's State Religion. And the Latin Language never went out of use. No in time the Empire would lose much of that again to the Lombards and Arabs. However there were Medevial Italian states that did simply begin as the Imperial administrations simply becoming independent and naturally evolving as the Emperors in Constantinople Just gave up on militarily enforcing their control of Ital same as they did Briton in the early 5th Century. So I would say that Venice, San Marino, the Papal States, the Duchy of Naples and Sardinia were each Western Roman Rump States that changed with the time to become Modern Italy.

[@joeuoe1998]

Similar to the South of Belgium in Wales an unit of about 500 Sarmatian riders incl. families and support teams was left over from the Roman government. They have not been so very sucessful like in Belgium (later Merowings / Franks), but still made a good progress in setting up a long standing culture togther, leading / ruling the local people.

[@JediLordNathan]

What about San Marino a nation that exists to this day, broke away from the Roman Empire in the 300s and continued the values of the Ancient Roman Republic and still does to this day with its own consulships, Republic and a fascinating history avoiding conquest and avoiding major wars thru shrewd diplomacy. I'd consider them a Roman successor state.

[@paulmayson3129]

San Marino is just a leftover Frankish fief, and after that was part of the Papal States,that was a vassal and part of the Frankish Empire and Italian Frankish Kingdom.

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺It's meaningless. And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@РимскийОрел]

It will be very interesting if a video about the battle on the Catalaunian fields is made on this channel. After all, Flavius Aetius defeated Attila in it, many historians such as Mary Beard and Ian Hughes (the latter even wrote a book called "Aetius Attila's Retribution") think so. According to all historians, the Romans defeated the Huns, and such facts indicate their success as: 1) The failed siege of the city of Orleans by the Huns. 2) Attila's losses in the battle were greater, because of which he retreated from Gaul with the remnants of his army, thanks to which Aetius got booty from the battlefield. It was she who became the symbol of his victory over Attila. 3) Merovei, a faithful vassal of the Romans, became the king of the Franks, and not his older brother, who was a vassal of the Huns!

[@canemcave]

Venice fell in 1796, it was the latest surviving remnant of the Western Roman Empire

[@LutzTrautmann]

Until the 9th century AD, the doge (dux) of Venice would be confirmed by the Eadt Roman Emperor.

[@deancoopey1256]

The reason for looking to northern wales 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 is that it is of one of 2 major gold producing areas with plenty of ports to export from…

[@John_Pace]

Also after the Fall of Constantinople in 1454, the Ottoman Sultans took the tile "Great Caesar" (among numerous others like "Possessor of Men's Necks" to emphasis he could dish out capital punishment without giving any justification). And the last Ottoman Sultan only went into exile in 1924. And then we have the Russian Tzar....

[@precariousworlds3029]

The last dynasty of Roman emperors, the Palailogos, gave away their titles to the Kingdom of Spain in the late 1400s. Felipe VI, King of Spain, is the closest we have to a Roman emperor. Hail Augustus!

[@MarcoBonechi]

Russian Zar is a Khan. Russians lie and fake everything always embarrassed of their true identity and capability. They somehow don't embrace their Mongol heritage.

[@thomassaldana2465]

Well done, a very interesting video on the Romano-Brightens.

[@spudpud-T67]

Lost in accent. The Romans loved Brition beach.

[@apowen]

Good video. Diolch. I do think that the common folk of Cymru would have been living in round houses during the Roman occupation. Of course some would have migrated to the towns, but basically little changed for most people when the Romans left. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿

[@dylanjones7485]

Hi I am Welsh too mate :) (powys0

[@diviciacosceltil9008]

Great video as usual. It would be great if you could do a video about the province of dacia which was technically the first to be abandoned by Rome. How come the latin was kept alive there and gave the Romanian language. Great content as usual.

[@MitchellEnglishTeacher]

There once was a dream, a dream called Gwynedd…

[@philread386]

It has been said that Padarn was sent to Wales by Vortigern to counter Irish incursions in North Wales. They were referred to by some as Strathclyde Welsh.

[@j4stice746]

Magnus Maximus is known here in Wales as Macsen Wledig, Maximus the good, literally though Wledig would mean a ruler, someone who ruled. He is featured in a song pretty much everyone Welsh knows-"Yma O hyd". The name Macsen is still used today, as is the name Tegid. I have met various Tegids and Macsens and they all seem as steeped in Welsh culture as the name suggests. Gwynedd dont forget, is home to Anglesey as it is currently known in English which was the spiritual home of the Druids and the island to which they retreated to. A very sacred place indeed. The Romans knew this very well. In fact it was the Romans who gave it the name Mona, the name we use in Welsh- Ynys Mon. It was the sacred heart of Welsh conciousness and if you were to mount a campaign to rule a land, its sacred heart would be the place to start. There is an absolute TON of stuff left over from our Roman visitors if you know where to look, for instance Dolaucothi gold mines was founded by them as they chased the Druids north .From the Romans to the Ring of Iron most attempts at subduing the Welsh began in the north as a smart leader or king would recognise the meaning the place has to its people. On another note and hugely off topic I suppose, here is my two pence on all the hoopla surrounding placenames in Wales reverting back to their original versions. Whilst I appreciate the difficulty in pronunciation we do not laugh at anyone for giving it a go, we love it and love to help anyone who wants to know how to say stuff. We are immensely proud of our little country, and there is a lot to be proud of. Personally I am all for it- reverting the names to the original ones. They have history attached to them that is hundreds of years old. This includes towns, landmarks, individual houses and mountains. There is real history here, and it is not just Welsh history, it is part of the oldest histories of the United Kingdom. For me though there is one name that absolutely should be changed forever, and never used again. Wales. We are not foreigners as the word suggests and the name was not chosen by Welsh people. We are Cymru- meaning the people of this land, and after all these years, all the fighting and arguing and attempts at wiping out one of the oldest languages in Europe we have endured enough. We dont want the entirety of England, we dont want to make you feel unwelcome by speaking our own language, we just want our little corner to retain its culture, language and placenames as these are the essence of our very souls and are a vital link in the history of the entire United Kingdom. Education is where it should start and end for everyone. It is here for you all and pretty much free. Cofiwch, pawb, cofiwch.

[@johnconnery1939]

Rome as an cultural phenomenon lasted long after 476. Thank you for your efforts to show that ancient empires may fall but the truly impactful ones have put their stamp on life even to this day. N

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@mvhtnb]

The name Gwynedd does not seem too far off from an exonym form of Cunedda to a layman.

[@antoniotorcoli702]

Impressive video. According to at least two sources and archeological data , comes Arbogast the younger could have retained the control of Treveri for few years after the fall of Syagrius.

[@dafyddthomas6897]

This presentation is so excellent that I forgive the atrocious pronunciation. Venedotia and Gwynedd are etymologically the same word. Kenneth Jackson has set forth the sound shifts between Latin and Welsh. Northwalia is just medieval English North Wales with a Latinesque IA tacked on the end

[@seanglaze7284]

Agreed. Fascinating video but after the 5th mispronunciation of Gwynedd it started to gall a tad

[@joeclark1893]

Interestingly you can still see some of this Roman influence on modern Wales. There are many Latin loan words in Welsh, the Welsh coat of arms has the flag of the Kingdom of Gwynedd on it and the Parliament of Wales is called the “Senedd” which is the Welsh word for “Senate”

[@barrygregory8177]

I wonder if you might do a video on another remnant - Dumnonia in South-West England. This resisted barbarian (Saxon) rule until well into the ninth century - even spreading into Brittany. There may even have been a king in Cornwall called Alef in the 11th century.

[@seronymus]

Ironically it's claimed the legendary Saxon rebel Hereward the Wake (a possible influence for Robin Hood) took refuge under King Alef ! Edit: also consider the maybe humorous fact the current Prince William, as Duke of Cornwall, may be the direct main claimant to the Kings of Dumnonia.

[@spirosvelliniatis2165]

Whats the meaning in Welsh of dumonia and how were Vikings called in Welsh?

[@Oli-l5m]

A brilliant video. While I knew about Cynedda, I always thought he'd been invited to North Wales by its residents to get rid of the Irish pirates and was given kingship as a reward. To realise that the Welsh Kings are therefore an extention of the roman empire, is going to upset so many nationalists!

[@hapa7791]

I think you might be interested in the origin of Wessex. They were originally called Gewisse, their first few Kings all had Britannic names and they were already earls who conquered west Saxon people later. There’re also many Saxons who came to Britain as mercenaries for Rome centuries before Anglo-Saxon invasion happened. But the locals called everyone Saxons. Anyway, after Gewisse lost their homeland to Mercia, they moved their capital to Wessex and adopted Anglo-Saxon names. Still, they could very well originated as a foederati for Rome and their descendants last until this very day.

[@wheresmyeyebrow1608]

This video was absolutely fascinating thank you for making it! There is always that problem of ‘how does succession really work?’. Is it based simply on what a people ‘feel’ they descend from? (Like the Victorian myth that all Brits descend from Anglo-Saxons after they wiped out the locals) or is it based on some semblance of prior tradition/knowledge passed down?

[@Ed-wm8dx]

The main question is what defines the continuation of a roman state. I can see why its appealing for welsh people, as it legitimises there heritage as the romans, are a symbol of power, and they pre date the anglo saxons and Norman's. Very interesting video.

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@raduraducu2668]

11:10 It was like that before the viking raids that turned the kingdom to that state to the situation mention at 11:45.

[@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714]

I legit thought this was a Cumbrian Chonacles video.

[@AallthewaytoZ2]

If I remember correctly, there is some archaeology that suggests people were living in Roman houses in Gwent (Venta) for quite some time after the withdrawal of Roman troops. Gerald Cambrenesis wrote of ruined houses where the internal heating systems were still visible in the 12th/13th century.

[@PiousMoltar]

You keep saying that they kept the Roman language, but it's worth noting that most probably, the common tongue of the people was always Brittonic / Welsh. I suppose Latin may have been used by the ruling class, and of course by the church.

[@Oli-l5m]

Modern Welsh is full of Latin, from the days of the week to common roman items like Windows!

[@EasternRomeOrthodoxy]

🤺☦🇷🇺And this is the historical meaning of those barbarian kingdoms👉 Of the ten Kingdoms represented by the ten horns of the fourth Beast: Now by the wars above described the Western Empire of the Romans, about the time that Rome was besieged and taken by the Goths, became broken into the following ten kingdoms. 1. kingdom of the Vandals 2. kingdom of Suevians 3. kingdom of Visigoths 4. kingdom of Alamanni 5. kingdom of Burgundians 6. kingdom of Rugii 7. kingdom of Soissons 8. kingdom of Ravenna 9. kingdom of Ostrogoths 10. kingdom of Franks *The little horn* 11. The British empire of the Anglo-Saxons and Brittons, which gave birth to The United States of America, and was under the religious leadership of Martin Luther and his Protestant reformation (the eyes of a man with a big mouth, upon the little horn) The 10th horn was the Franks, who defeated the previous 3 kingdoms - the 7rh, 8th and 9th horns Upon those 3 horns grew a little horn - meaning, an outside kingdom came and defeated the last 3 barbarian kingdoms. That kingdom was the British empire and it's Protestant Anglo-Saxon colony: The U.S.A., which would become the world's superpower, and would have a big mouth that speaks high and would change laws and religion, just as Daniel's prophecy predicted, and came through All of those barbarian kingdoms, which grew under the fall of Rome, which is Dodanim, an offshoot of the 3rd beast in Daniel's vision - the Greeks (Javan), were the Germanic/Scandinavian race: Magog, which is from the land Gog, their birth place, starting with the tribe of the Goths

[@WalesTheTrueBritons]

Gwynedd in Wales wasn’t the last surviving remnant of Rome at all! They had a hand in the destruction of the last remnant. The last King who was descended from Constantine the Great was Iestyn Ap Gwrgan of Glamorgan and Gwent, in the southern region of Wales. Gwynedds foundation came from Cunedda, who were rivals to the royals in the south. The northern Welsh originally came from the Hen Ogledd (Old North). Most of the Scottish cities are named using the Old Brythonic language, which would become known as Welsh.

[@economicist2011]

1:38 Took the better part of a decade and a half, but YT has finally recommended a video on the fall of the Roman Empire that doesn't read Latin 'c' as /s/ in the name "Odoacer"

[@ritchiekolvers997]

Archaeological evidence is kind of left out, but if we look at sites as Tintagle Castle and the wider area around Cornwall, we see many (east)-Mediterranean imports in the fifth century, such as Late Roman Amphora 1 and African Red Slipwares. These were likely shipped from Spain northwards, passing along Brittany in France. In the east of England we see some gold solidi and tremmesis circulating in (mostly) the sixth century, reflecting a similar situation in continental Frisia where coin weights and possibly scales are also found. This then ties in with Procopius secret history where he complains about Emperor Justinian sending large sums of money to barbarians, some of which in Britain. Possibly these coins either came over the Rhine or through trade with Scandinavia. Apparently the mutual interest between the (east) Roman Empire and the West had not died.

[@spirosvelliniatis2165]

Cornwall (Corn of Welsh)had the most strategic element of the past,key for ruling in the East .And this because of the cassiterite (cash) monopoly of the (Corn)welsh in the Western hemisphere! Cymraeg maybe be a term of the locals to refer of the vulgar language!by referring the center of England Northumberland possibly signifies that Cumbria Cymraeg eas referred to a much larger area in the past!

[@saikrishnak8631]

many think that maximus's only son was victor who was executed by theodosius. but he had many and Emperor petronius maximus is a great grandson of magnus maximus.

[@tasminjones4982]

The Welsh, Cornish and Breton languages could be considered as being almost Romance languages, that is indictive of the amount of influence that the Roman empire had over areas which were on its margins.

[@DrMARDOC]

This is a wonderful question! The Golden Age of China was the TANG DYNASTY. What was the language spoken then? Did it survive? Where did it go? Subsequent dynasties had their own variants pronunciations of the Ancient Ideogram Characters. Each dynasty claimed to be the “ real” Middle Kingdom (Zhong Gua) under heaven. Ming, Mongols, Manchus, and the Republic of China Nationalists which evacuated to Taiwan after the well-financed Communist onslaughts. Upon arrival in Taiwan Mainland Chinese Scholars found that the language spoken by the locals was HO-LO-HUAY. An ancient Southern Min Fujian “ Dialect”. That was once the Court Language of the Glorious Tang Dynasty!

[@redcrown5154]

who cares

[@captaincodpiece3263]

Fascinating and informative, I’ve read of references to military missions into Britain after the accepted date of Roman military withdrawal, I believe the Anglo Saxon Chronicle has a vague allusion to one. One interesting aspect I’d like the channel to explore if the settlement of Sarmatians in Britain by the Romans

[@Shthophyckq]

The last Roman bastion was the Despotate of Epirus in 1479.

[@the98themperoroftheholybri33]

A more likely case with the "invasion" of Britannia by the Anglo Saxons is it was a migration, the Romano Britons were suffering raids by the Scotti which had invaded Scotland (hence the name) from Ireland, the Anglo Saxon tribes on the continent were suffering attacks by the surrounding larger Germanic kingdoms so migrated to safer lands, the Romano Britons would've been happy for the extra Anglo Saxon man power to defend their infrastructure from the Scotti tribes. This probably explains why there is no examples of Romano Briton mass graves or anything which indicates ethnic replacement, instead there was quite a lot of genetic mixing between the two, and some Celtic populations within England kept their cultures and even languages, such as Cornish

[@John_Pace]

You could say the Roman Empire exists today as the Pope took the title of Pontus Maximus with his ring...

[@peterlamont1533]

Thank you for this detailed account. I did not know so much was known and must follow up your references sometime. The period around 450 seems to have included many attempts at immigration. You may be interested in some discoveries I have made, that imply that the western coastal areas and islands of Scotland were depopulated by around 410. This has been written up in a short paper called "Messages from the past: Iron Age signalling in Argyll" in which the evidence is presented. Good video - thanks again.

[@benjones4365]

I love that. I have always said, that Edward the 1st was a barbarian.

[@joeuoe1998]

The Welsh rulers of course looked over the canal and followed, what the Merowings did, to gain "sanctity". So they also needed a good sounding history ;-)

[@Kuudere-Kun]

More immediately relevant to this, I think other Brythonic Celtic Kingdoms were Roman Rump States just as much, this is just the one mostly blatantly still claiming it centuries later. I also think a good companion to this is Cambrian Chronicles video about the Prince of Wales.

[@constantius4654]

Very good history which is explained very well. Thank you.

[@glishev]

As Tegid was a bishop, his son's scarlet robe might be one of a priest or bishop as well, and not necessarily one of a military leader. That, or a bishop back that could be a military leader, too.

[@omarali262]

This explains Askeladd in Vinland Saga so much more

[@iklone]

The Welsh still sing about their Roman inheritance and Emperor Magnus Maximus during rugby matches "Yma o Hyd", especially when playing the barbarian English

[@bumblebeeeoptimus]

It's funny because in Vinland Saga, Askellad always wore a Roman Lorica Musculata to battle even tho he was a nord and you would think this is completely historically inaccurate since the story takes place in the 11th century, but later on he reveals himself as half welsh and a descendant of the romans, so it starts making a bit more sense, and after watching this video it makes just all the more sense.. indeed the creator of the manga did his research before writing it..

[@Leptospirosi]

Under this assumptions, we could comfortably say hat the last remnant of the Western Roman Empire fell in 1797when the Republic of Venice was conquered by Napoleon and Given to Austria.

[@Epifairos]

Maybe a month ago, I though about this very subject. What was the last? Were there any Roman holdouts after the final fall? And how did they look like? And what was the final fall actually? I suspected the Nepos' Dalmatia. Thank you for answering this question and sating my curiosity.

[@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014]

Some might say it was the Duchy of Cantabria en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Cantabria Althou so few informations about it survived. I know it was short, but hey, who even knew its existence?

[@mdlahey3874]

An especially fascinating video... Thank you! 🙋🏻‍♂️

[@waynemcauliffe-fv5yf]

The Irish settled in Wales from the late 4th century mate. Ogham stones have their inscriptions

[@michaelporzio7384]

Not scientific, but always found it interesting that the many modern Welsh look more Roman than a lot of Italians. What would Roman history be without Richard Burton and Sian Phillips? Also interesting (future video?), Romania, even though Rome left Dacia in 275 AD, many modern Romanians proudly refer to their Roman heritage (like the name of the nation implies). Great video!

[@chadgoose7886]

In old german, even pre nazi racial theory, native britons, irish, welsh, and scottish were classified as Mediterranean (so they same ethnic group as Italians and Spanish) with partial nordic influence. Which does makes sense because there are plenty of celts in the isles who have dark hair, tanned skin, and brown eyes, like Mr bean So your observation is actually a good one and is pretty scientific, if you believe in those racial theories which do have genetic evidence to back them up, despite them being controversial now

[@jamesstreet2188]

You neglected to mention Riothamus/Ambrosius Aurelianus, (whom some scholars, like Leon Fluriot, believe were one and the same) the' last of the Romans' in Britannia, who beat back the saxons, and may have been the basis for the legend of king arthur. He should be considered as one of the late roman heroes, as well.

[@dancoles2235]

Amazing that this development was prophesied in the Book of Daniel and Revelation.

[@franciscovieiradebem2700]

Correct if I'm wrong, but I heard from a scholar once that the very word "Welsh" was the word used by britonics to refer to Romans

[@loganicfilms1388]

finally, a video about this, I didn't look at all but still.

[@redf7209]

It has been asserted recently that the clans operating in the 'debatable lands' ( an area that was not controlled by Scotland or England due to disagreement about the border) at the western end of the roman wall still conformed to rules that may have originated in roman law. until the union of the crowns.

[@yoshiak1904]

I found the original version of this channel. I follow you in the Portuguese version

[@zacharywitt4009]

I have ancestors descended from the Gwynedd and Powys, or at least according to histories I do. I am related to them from my mom, to my grandfather, and all the way back down the male line to one of his ancestors, William Fitz Odo de Barry, to Angharad, to Nest ferch Rhys. I believe she is connected to both the Gwynedds and Powys somehow through marriages. But it has been a while since I researched all this and who knows the accuracy of the sources.

[@JelMain]

Your map of the Cymric kingdoms at the time is wrong. Cumbria, the west coast of England running to the Wall, was in the Welsh possession pretty much until the Norman Conquest.

[@arctic_haze]

I would guess that the Welsh returning to their pre-Roman ways and even language suggests that the mountains were never Romanized and the modern Welsh are largely descendants of those tribes. You do not forget to use the pottery wheel. Things like that suggest almost complete exchange of population in the coastal areas. PS. It is similar to how the Basque language survived and probably also Albanian (it may come from an ancient highland Thracian dialect according to some scholars).

[@teiloturner2760]

The last Welsh prince of Wales in his letter to the archbishop of Canterbury from the 1270s if you look he even speaks of his 'ancestor brutus'

[@martinhughes2549]

There ia a huge amount of Latin derived vocabulary in welsh. Often its obvious, ie. Ffenest, Pont, otherwise its hard to tell, such as Tywysog = Tyrannus ( tyrant= ruler). There are lots of them. The language of Cymraeg is heavily influenced by Latin.

[@jach99]

​​@@martinhughes2549 Albanian is even more so, having a huge Latin vocabulary, spanning from Roman time to Common Romanian before the Slavic Migrations and continuing with more recent Italian loanwords, yet both Welsh and Albanian people are not in any way Roman but rather pre-Roman people that managed to survive Roman conquest. It's interesting tho that Welsh people are called well, Welsh, as that's a term usually used for Romance people, mostly as an exonym - Walloons in Belgium(not an exonym tho), Olah for Romanians and Olasz for Italians by Hugarians, Vlasky for Italians and Valasky for Romanians by Czechs, and many more other examples, mostly for Romanians and Italians. They all come from Common Germanic walhaz, meaning originally foreigner but shifting to mean Roman or Romance speaker.

[@diegoidepersia]

Albanian very well could come from the brygian language of lake ohrid, but with influences from nearby paeonian, macedonian greek and illyrian languages

[@arctic_haze]

@@jach99 Well, for the Abglo-Saxons the inhabitants of Britain were Romans.

[@cecilstehelin1277]

Rome never fell, it lives in our hearts

[@aquila4228]

The idea lives on and it bounds us