α-ketoglutarate Family & Glutamine Synthesis - Biochemistry | Lecturio

[@atawahperry1852]

thanks very much for this videos sir. you are the best

[@oibal60]

Thanks for this.

[@lecturiomedical]

Glad you like it!

[@cmlon]

incredible

[@shekarkammula399]

What is basic difference between glutamine and glutamate and glutathion

[@oibal60]

I don't have a glu.

[@DiverseDose11]

1. **Glutamine**: Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that under normal circumstances, the body can synthesize enough of it to meet its needs. However, during periods of stress, such as illness, injury, or intense physical activity, the demand for glutamine may exceed the body's ability to produce it, making it conditionally essential. Glutamine plays several vital roles in the body: - **Protein Synthesis**: Glutamine is a key building block for proteins, making it essential for muscle growth and repair. - **Immune Function**: Glutamine is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. It fuels the cells of the immune system and supports their rapid proliferation during times of infection or injury. - **Intestinal Health**: Glutamine is the preferred fuel for the cells lining the intestinal tract. It helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and supports gut health. 2. **Glutamate**: Glutamate is an amino acid and serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It plays a fundamental role in various brain functions, including learning, memory, and cognition. Glutamate acts on receptors called NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors, mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. While essential for normal brain function, excessive glutamate activity can be harmful and is associated with conditions like stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of epilepsy. 3. **Glutathione**: Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is often referred to as the body's master antioxidant due to its potent antioxidant properties. Glutathione plays several crucial roles in maintaining cellular health: - **Antioxidant Defense**: Glutathione scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species, protecting cells from oxidative damage. - **Detoxification**: Glutathione is involved in the detoxification of harmful substances, including heavy metals, environmental pollutants, and drugs. It helps to neutralize and eliminate these toxins from the body. - **Immune Function**: Glutathione supports immune function by enhancing the activity of immune cells and modulating inflammatory responses. - **Cellular Repair**: Glutathione plays a role in repairing damaged DNA and proteins, promoting cellular repair and regeneration. In summary, while all three molecules contain the amino acid glutamate, they serve distinct functions in the body: glutamine is crucial for protein synthesis and immune function, glutamate is a neurotransmitter essential for brain function, and glutathione acts as a powerful antioxidant and detoxifier, supporting overall cellular health and function.​@@oibal60

[@DiverseDose11]

Certainly! 1. **Glutamine**: Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that under normal circumstances, the body can synthesize enough of it to meet its needs. However, during periods of stress, such as illness, injury, or intense physical activity, the demand for glutamine may exceed the body's ability to produce it, making it conditionally essential. Glutamine plays several vital roles in the body: - **Protein Synthesis**: Glutamine is a key building block for proteins, making it essential for muscle growth and repair. - **Immune Function**: Glutamine is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. It fuels the cells of the immune system and supports their rapid proliferation during times of infection or injury. - **Intestinal Health**: Glutamine is the preferred fuel for the cells lining the intestinal tract. It helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and supports gut health. 2. **Glutamate**: Glutamate is an amino acid and serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It plays a fundamental role in various brain functions, including learning, memory, and cognition. Glutamate acts on receptors called NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors, mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. While essential for normal brain function, excessive glutamate activity can be harmful and is associated with conditions like stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of epilepsy. 3. **Glutathione**: Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is often referred to as the body's master antioxidant due to its potent antioxidant properties. Glutathione plays several crucial roles in maintaining cellular health: - **Antioxidant Defense**: Glutathione scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species, protecting cells from oxidative damage. - **Detoxification**: Glutathione is involved in the detoxification of harmful substances, including heavy metals, environmental pollutants, and drugs. It helps to neutralize and eliminate these toxins from the body. - **Immune Function**: Glutathione supports immune function by enhancing the activity of immune cells and modulating inflammatory responses. - **Cellular Repair**: Glutathione plays a role in repairing damaged DNA and proteins, promoting cellular repair and regeneration. In summary, while all three molecules contain the amino acid glutamate, they serve distinct functions in the body: glutamine is crucial for protein synthesis and immune function, glutamate is a neurotransmitter essential for brain function, and glutathione acts as a powerful antioxidant and detoxifier, supporting overall cellular health and function.

[@DiverseDose11]

Certainly! 1. **Glutamine**: Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that under normal circumstances, the body can synthesize enough of it to meet its needs. However, during periods of stress, such as illness, injury, or intense physical activity, the demand for glutamine may exceed the body's ability to produce it, making it conditionally essential. Glutamine plays several vital roles in the body: - **Protein Synthesis**: Glutamine is a key building block for proteins, making it essential for muscle growth and repair. - **Immune Function**: Glutamine is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. It fuels the cells of the immune system and supports their rapid proliferation during times of infection or injury. - **Intestinal Health**: Glutamine is the preferred fuel for the cells lining the intestinal tract. It helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and supports gut health. 2. **Glutamate**: Glutamate is an amino acid and serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It plays a fundamental role in various brain functions, including learning, memory, and cognition. Glutamate acts on receptors called NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors, mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. While essential for normal brain function, excessive glutamate activity can be harmful and is associated with conditions like stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of epilepsy. 3. **Glutathione**: Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is often referred to as the body's master antioxidant due to its potent antioxidant properties. Glutathione plays several crucial roles in maintaining cellular health: - **Antioxidant Defense**: Glutathione scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species, protecting cells from oxidative damage. - **Detoxification**: Glutathione is involved in the detoxification of harmful substances, including heavy metals, environmental pollutants, and drugs. It helps to neutralize and eliminate these toxins from the body. - **Immune Function**: Glutathione supports immune function by enhancing the activity of immune cells and modulating inflammatory responses. - **Cellular Repair**: Glutathione plays a role in repairing damaged DNA and proteins, promoting cellular repair and regeneration. In summary, while all three molecules contain the amino acid glutamate, they serve distinct functions in the body: glutamine is crucial for protein synthesis and immune function, glutamate is a neurotransmitter essential for brain function, and glutathione acts as a powerful antioxidant and detoxifier, supporting overall cellular health and function.

[@DiverseDose11]

Feb 19 2024 1. **Glutamine**: Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that under normal circumstances, the body can synthesize enough of it to meet its needs. However, during periods of stress, such as illness, injury, or intense physical activity, the demand for glutamine may exceed the body's ability to produce it, making it conditionally essential. Glutamine plays several vital roles in the body: - **Protein Synthesis**: Glutamine is a key building block for proteins, making it essential for muscle growth and repair. - **Immune Function**: Glutamine is crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. It fuels the cells of the immune system and supports their rapid proliferation during times of infection or injury. - **Intestinal Health**: Glutamine is the preferred fuel for the cells lining the intestinal tract. It helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and supports gut health. 2. **Glutamate**: Glutamate is an amino acid and serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It plays a fundamental role in various brain functions, including learning, memory, and cognition. Glutamate acts on receptors called NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptors, mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. While essential for normal brain function, excessive glutamate activity can be harmful and is associated with conditions like stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of epilepsy. 3. **Glutathione**: Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is often referred to as the body's master antioxidant due to its potent antioxidant properties. Glutathione plays several crucial roles in maintaining cellular health: - **Antioxidant Defense**: Glutathione scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species, protecting cells from oxidative damage. - **Detoxification**: Glutathione is involved in the detoxification of harmful substances, including heavy metals, environmental pollutants, and drugs. It helps to neutralize and eliminate these toxins from the body. - **Immune Function**: Glutathione supports immune function by enhancing the activity of immune cells and modulating inflammatory responses. - **Cellular Repair**: Glutathione plays a role in repairing damaged DNA and proteins, promoting cellular repair and regeneration. In summary, while all three molecules contain the amino acid glutamate, they serve distinct functions in the body: glutamine is crucial for protein synthesis and immune function, glutamate is a neurotransmitter essential for brain function, and glutathione acts as a powerful antioxidant and detoxifier, supporting overall cellular health and function.