A Ripple in Spacetime with Neil deGrasse Tyson & Charles Liu

What if time had multiple dimensions? Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Chuck Nice and Gary O’Reilly answer grab-bag questions about Hawking Radiation, the speed of light, and how rare black holes are with astrophysicist Charles Liu.
We break down the time dimension and how multiple time dimensions would change our concept of the past. Learn about the ripples in spacetime and if the universe was a 1950s Jell-O mold. Where does Hawking Radiation come from? Could it be that a black hole does not have an edge? We explain quantum mechanical tunneling and explore the mystery of what creates Hawking Radiation.
How many black holes are in our galaxy compared to stars? Neil and Charles break down the rations of stellar objects for us. Is the residual effect of the Big Bang fueling dark energy? We also discuss why consciousness is likely not a cosmic energy that can be quantified.
Learn about the speed of light traveling through different media. We explore the possibilities of combining artificial intelligence and quantum computing. Can someday a computer solve its own problems? What are the ethics of combining these powerful tools? Plus, discover who Charles Liu calls when he doesn’t have an answer.
Thanks to our Patrons Mapplicable, Sam J, Karen Goodger, Bean Mon, Brittany Mencotti, Jeremy Davidson, and Brian Giordano for supporting us this week.
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About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #neildegrassetyson
00:00 - Introduction: Charles Liu
2:18 - What If Time Had 3 Dimensions?
7:04 - The Medium of Spacetime
10:40 - Where is Hawking Radiation Coming From?
14:43 - Quantum Mechanical Tunneling
16:01 - How Many Black Holes Are In Our Galaxy?
22:01- Is Dark Energy Left Over From The Big Bang
24:23 - Is Consciousness Physical?
31:24 - The Speed of Light in Different Mediums
38:22 - Who does Charles Liu Call?
42:55 - Combining AI and Quantum Computers

[@StarTalk]

What other questions do you have for our Geek-in-Chief?

[@ADHDMedia]

What are your thoughts on the harvesting of permafrost for bar and cocktail ice

[@Goodjobeveryone]

Thoughts on the possibility of white holes and might they have an event horizon that is expressed across the universe as an opposite of the what we know of black hole’s? Apologies for any ignorance displayed in my question and thank you for any input.

[@Goodjobeveryone]

@@voodoophilFantastic question!

[@dwoopie]

Speed of light is RELATIVE... speed of time is constant...Galileo would already been at proxima centauri b... with warp drives... no density in a vacuum ...so what speed should stop us?... it does not even make sense...

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Will you please help me to change the stars? What I mean is, help get the IAU to, OFFICIALLY, make a new constellation out of Orion and Pleiades (Subaru). I figure it's time to put something up there that's relevant to us, don't you think? Take Orion's belt and Betelgeuse becomes the head with a baseball hat. The 3 stars of Orion's belt make up the 3 fat belt loops on a baseball uniform. Below the belt are two legs bending at the knee. Saiph is the back foot and Rigel is the front foot. The feet aligning perfectly under the bent knees. The spear pointing at "Subaru" is the bat being swung and "Pleiades" is the baseball flying away after being hit. Bellatrix is the hand that let go of the bat. Put it all together and you get, "THE ALL-STAR." In my case, I see a left-handed batter and I imagine a "7" on the jersey. Which makes him, "Mickey." (As it should be ;-) But you can put any number you want, making, "THE ALL-STAR," any player you want. It'd be wrong of me to not, at least, try. This is me, trying. Pass it on, please and thank you. Don't worry, where I come from, crazy is a compliment. ;-P

[@RobertsCandR]

I must have watched at least 100 episodes of StarTalk. My biggest takeaway from all the shows is this. It's the fact that the questions being asked to people like Neil, Chuck, Gary, and Charles, just prove that there really are a lot of intelligent, inquisitive, and curious people in the world. For me, as an older person, gives me such positive hopeful feelings for the success of humanity. Keep in mind, this comment is coming from a man, who when he was in his mid 20's, the internet was just barely an idea, and a cell phone looked like a walkie-talkie. My point is, as old as I am, I'm still impressed with the consistency of one of the most important human characteristics. And, that would be the need to know and learn. Truth be said, that's something we're really good at. Now, if we could just get over our worst human characteristic, "Greed", there's no telling how much good we could do for humanity.

[@cyclingnerddelux698]

And then we read the newspaper.

[@Dandontlie]

Thank you!

[@nightmike7655]

As a late-twenties, I wish this keeps up when I'm old. I am a little worried when looking at the world right now, but I don't know if that feeling of seeing ignorance and intolerance towards science is present in every generation.

[@PdroxCbon]

Thanks sir, that was inspiring to read.

[@uncharted7againblackking256]

My friend what if I told you the planets around you used to exist and we really in reality living in dark times and religion is also apart of well still in dark times but it's nothing wrong with reading if you catch the hint

[@nickhodgkins7318]

Charles is so dignified, moderate and well mannered. He is fittingly complimentary to the humour and dynamic discourse of Chuck, Neil and Gary.

[@FrustratedAeroBoys]

this is an underrated comment

[@westleyrowe6998]

Chuck really has gotten so much smarter over the years from this show, you can tell the way he asks questions now compared to the beginnings of the show

[@e4d578]

I'd say more knowledgeable, he was always smart.

[@moonshoes11]

Me too.

[@theunluckycharm9637]

Nah chuck is so annoying

[@westleyrowe6998]

@@theunluckycharm9637 I’m gonna be honest I stopped listening a while ago for that exact reason but he seems better now.

[@jacobgarcia7918]

​@@theunluckycharm9637how is Chuck annoying?

[@stonerainproductions]

Charles Liu is such a force of nature. This team of Neil, Charles, Gary and Chuck is amazing.

[@01ai01]

Dr. Liu is a great guest. I think he explains things realy well and has a good sense of humor.

[@WillCotinho]

I swear these are the best and my favorite episodes! Everytime I see the dream team (Charles, Chuck, Neil and Gary) I just know it's gonna be very substantial, very educational and funny! Can't get enough of these.

[@oscarmosca9509]

Guardians of the Geeks

[@heliumnetworking5103]

Neil is unlistenable

[@cyclingnerddelux698]

Charles Liu is a wonderful communicator and a great sport.

[@ThePassportGod]

Man, I love that Chuck is on the show. It kind of makes it more like high school mixed with college. He makes a conversation actually normal and not just about a bunch of experts yelling at a bunch of facts about different topics

[@notarealperson87]

Jello is also a good analogue for spacetime because spacetime is expanding and there's always room for Jello

[@alphaomega8373]

No some senator said we are all full up.

[@CaptainKwame1773]

It's been such a long week, and I am so glad to see Professor Liu back! Makes this Friday that much better!

[@6runger]

I love Charles! He's so good at explaining things

[@notinmanitou]

What a joy to have these four great minds together! They prove the old adage "Time flies when you're having fun." Please do this more often!

[@SuperiorDave]

One reason I love watching star talk with chuck on. It's because he throws the joke out there at the exact time. It's needed and the exact time that I myself would throw one out like he did with the charlie brown joke.

[@theunluckycharm9637]

What?????????????????????????????????????????????¿??????????????????????????????????????????

[@jeanwren6990]

Thanks Neil! Every time I go hiking I'm going to tell myself I'm not a particle trudging up this hill 🥵, but I'm a wave that's already on the other side of it 😂😂😂

[@youngmg6486]

😅😅

[@oscarmosca9509]

I love it!

[@heliumnetworking5103]

Erh classic cringe Neil

[@bdr420i]

Charles liu is the best of the nerds. We need at least 3 hours of him ❤❤❤❤

[@dunderwood4444]

Dr. Charles Liu + Dr. Tyson + Gary O ÷ Lord Nice = the perfect episode #ScienceROCKS Bless up from the Bronx NY. We will be observing the Stars from Jerome Park observatory in short order, thanks to Dr. Tyson #RESPECT

[@Brandon-kx6oq]

Macintosh "Hello" Quantum A.I. "oh you done f'ed up now huh???" lmfao

[@rbee6507]

Chuck brought his A++ game this episode LOL. Man continues to impress me, somehow.

[@CiaoBello21]

Every time the Charles Liu is in the show I get hyped up because he’s soooo knowledgeable!

[@Goodjobeveryone]

Yes!!! A new star talk always brightens my day, thank you!

[@cr3iy1_mt3v]

I didn't know I needed this right now.

[@detroitdiscussion9495]

This is the perfect combo of personalities. Great show.

[@dorothyhall9910]

Here’s to those of us who watch/listen just enjoying exposure to the cutting edge questions on space, time and the universe. I am delighted to understand 1% and expose my grandchildren to this field of inquiry. Thank you all.

[@clomok]

Big thumbs up 👍👍 for Charles Liu. Hope to see him more.

[@JamesSims]

Chuck! You rock! A litter of stars… Brilliant!

[@CurtisAutery]

Chuck, you’re a natural born scientist, friend.

[@davemottern4196]

This is consistently one of the best channels on KZbin. It's always enlightening as welk as very entertaining.

[@YousufAhmad0]

The last question-answer was gold

[@sangeet9100]

This thing about photon "slowing down" in matter - when electrons absorb the photon traveling through, its wave function collapses and when the electron emits to get back to its original stable state, it emits a new photon 9whose energy will have to smaller than the absorbed one?) So it isn't actually "re-emitted", but just emitted. So light didn't "slow down", but was absorbed and and a different one was created

[@youngblack253]

Why have I never seen Brian Green and Charles Liu in the same episode talking about concepts of science and the universe?

[@mesa1853]

Thanks for that show guys, love the topics of chat.

[@kurtism9040]

Such an amazing and interesting presentation... I didn't want it to end. You are all a great team. Please keep doing these.

[@Physco219]

Neil and company are always the best.

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Neil and Chuck for 2024!

[@RonanGallagherBand]

I love the gello analogy as it finally helped me make some sense out of the concept and thank you for it. I'll never look at Sherry Trifle in the same way again. 😊😊

[@andrewhenke3353]

Love this podcast!!!

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Time is fascinating. I worked the subway stations for nearly 10 years. From one end of the city to the other. Every so often I would notice the city would be saying that, "Today just flew by" or "The day was just dragging along." How can an ENTIRE CITY, with NO INTERACTION with each other, until they used the subway, complain about the same time paradox unless it was effected by it? Maybe a time distorted bubble the earth passes through in its revolution around the sun. Maybe random waves of time distortion hitting the earth? Maybe they're given off by the sun. Maybe they're from outside our Terran system and reach us in intervals. ???? 🎶Ti-i-i-ime, is on my side. Yes, it is!🎶 If you can think of a better way to do a blind survey - of an entire city - in that small window of opportunity, well then, I'm all in. Until then, I invite you to spend a couple years in the subways. Between 2pm -10pm and you'll see for yourself. Just listen as an entire city gets off of work and gets out of school. You'll see it's more than a, "coincidence of circumstances."

[@tschorsch]

It's more likely that our perception of time is very affected by psychological conditions and there are events and conditions that will affect large numbers of people simultaneously. Emotions are often transferable, so if one person is experiencing a dragging day, and expresses that, those around them start feeling the same thing. Humans do not perceive the passage of time like a clock does, they perceive it by how preoccupied they are with other things. When that is interrupted by something political or the weather and its potential effect on their commute time, the anxiety interrupts other tasks they were performing. It's probably an evolutionary survival mechanism.

[@user-tc1fw5ms5s]

Charles episodes are always amazing! 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉

[@sekaramochi]

The perfect cast, just need the questions

[@MrALTennyson]

You killed me with that Jack and Jill comment, Chuck.

[@tschorsch]

AI doesn't necessarily need to have a sense of morality to solve problems like climate change. You wouldn't just ask the questions simply, but put parameters around what success meant, which would include things like not killing people and preserving or improving the standard of living. One of the biggest problems in solving the problem of climate change is people who have vested interests that would be hurt. Their resistance includes manipulation of a large part of the population by spreading vast amounts of disinformation, as well as legal bribery and excessive control over politics.

[@strangefolower7291]

Always enjoying this even tho i found it only few months ago . I am binging episodes every day and todays episode was amazing as always bu5 even more so because it wasnt of one theme but kind a brainstorm, i especially love the last question about A as knowledge hungry person i am 😊I because it not only had argument fkr and against AI but it shown tottaly different perspective. And i m always up for different perspective

[@saerohmajec7099]

Niel and chuck really need to take a lesson from Gary and learn how to sit and listen to their guests. You guys could get to more questions things could be easier to understand and people can get the whole picture if you'd simply let your guest finish their sentence. Seriously every single guest that comes on you guys interrupt them numerous times. It's very annoying. I love hearing from the guests, but when you guys push your own thoughts or opinions in the middle of what their saying it usually just send things off into a tangent that just wastes time for other questions that could be answered. Please please please, just let them talk then add whatever you think needs to be added to what they said.

[@Megan-he5nl]

I think a lot of that is trying to tow that line between education and entertainment. I don’t disagree with the sentiment, but I think they’re trying their best.

[@basti1615]

i can't agree more.

[@metallinguist]

I think Neil is the biggest offender here

[@italkgory99]

I think they’re trying to make it more fun and comedic rather than just straight science talk

[@joshuahardnett2869]

They’re hosting ….

[@dolphinfan65]

That part of my brain that continues to grow, thanks you all, keep up the good work.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@mst2203]

These four guys are the GOATs. Always the best episodes when they all get together.

[@desert_sky_guy]

Guys, this is the single best science podcast ever created. Thank you all SO much for what you do. 🥰

[@jackputnam4273]

Fantastic episode, definitely one of my recent faves!!

[@Arrows_Driftwood]

Charles has been my favorite guest. Further to jello, I imagine with the right surface tension on a viscose surface of jello, if an object or skittle was on the surface it could conserve energy while the jello exhibits fluctuations, pushing the skittle across the surface to other locations on the 2D surface of jello. What a fun experiment.

[@yjwrangler7819]

Ive never actually WATCHED them. Just Spotify. This is great!!

[@billyinthephilippines]

as a newbie to watching startalk i was wondering what galactic powers brought you and chuck together,,?? i love the give and take, humor and you 2 make learning new things fun... since i have retired to the philippines their programs are mostly in tagalog/bisaya so i spend more time on youtube where i found your videos,,, keep up the good work and i look forward to more educational and funny videos,,,

[@KiranUttarkarAwsome]

This was a fascinating discussion. Dr. Liu is awesome.

[@ray1956]

Neil Tyson PhD continue to educate the general public, stimulating young minds. As a Retired Urologist I love listening to your lectures over the years. It shows kids like me they can be scientists/engineers ❤👏🏿👏🏿👏🏿👏🏿

[@TraumaQueen65]

43:19 Thank you, Chuck, for expressing my thoughts is a respectable manner

[@cheset]

Charles Liu is the best guest!

[@CiaoBello21]

Charles obviously knows more than most of us but he is humble about it. But in his perspective, he doesn’t know as much as he expects himself to know. This goes to show that everything in our lives is relative. I wish I had a professor or friend like Charles Liu 👍🏾

[@grumpybear42]

37:00 Neil still has it! I was trying so hard to follow, then comes the goat with the explanation I can parse. Always appreciated NDT 👍

[@viktortomov7466]

Loved all videos that you make! As a newbie on the comments, I have a question for you - what should be the energy of a photon if the time is equal to 0(if the time stops)? Many thanks for all the energy you put in these series!!!!!❤

[@bryanbrewer4272]

The world needs more chuck!

[@dalton6173]

Awe that was so cute seeing you finally figure out that the event horizon isn't just a real stagnant thing and instead just a term that we use. Also him realizing that the gravitational field much like the gravitational field of our sun goes much further than we fully understand. Therefore it just has to propagate just outside of the region where not even light can escape for it to have a chance of breaking off. Wishing he got it a while back although better late than never.

[@fluid1614]

Great convo. Loved it

[@Synathidy]

How benevolent of Lord Chuck to make time to discuss philosophy and science even in the middle of one of his comedy crusades. May he return home to his kingdom victorious.

[@boutayebbadaoui9665]

Thank you very much ! I am very grateful to receive valuable answers from amazing minds like yours ! Thanks a lot to the whole team 😊

[@Rawrnteeth333]

Much needed conversation with my compiling notes from past weeks events personally. Thank you for continuing philosophers healthy thoughts this with logical limits via A I. & Laughter. Best food for thought this timeline lol.

[@robotaholic]

They are intimidatingly smart and it's a pleasure to listen ❤

[@morningmadera]

Best questions ever!

[@blhageman]

Thanks Charles. Fantastic stuff

[@dmytrospikin748]

It is such a delight to get on fresh baked cosmic queries!)

[@nicholasjohnson6279]

i love how much fun you guys have

[@jameekhaynie9967]

Love this show!!

[@biostarstepa]

I can't really say how many episodes I've seen this far and why I'm watching this (or have subscribed to this channel) but that's not part of my interests in any way. I must admit that watching this makes me feel good, relaxed and calm for some reason. Maybe indeed time has more dimensions and in one of them I'm interested in science and universe but in this dimension I've not reached that point yet 😀

[@ZorellUnderhood]

The dream team of this channel. Love it guys!

[@sekaramochi]

Please please please never stop ♥️

[@WildlifeWarrior-cr1kk]

That's what she tells me

[@sheilahardin6868]

Loved the video

[@user-gh3qc5yg1l]

Age of the geek baby! Thanks guys your awesome✌️

[@timallsopp9622]

Nice to hear from some fellow Canadians. Great show guys.

[@user-gj1xs2bi9o]

I watched the entire podcast (whatever you call it) which when I watched is posted before 13 days. But I felt I was there all through the debate even after I have paused it and commended multiple times.

[@johnanderson290]

Wow Dr. Liu, that was quite an impressive (and unexpected) vocal performance of Time Is On My Side! ❤🎵🔥

[@robertwhitephotography]

Excellent cast of characters today !!

[@splitpierre]

Jumping on the Charles Liu wagon. Love him.❤

[@MK.__]

I got a new understanding of Fluid mainly that I thought I understood well!!

[@venkatsrkyt]

Dr. Liu is just amazing!! I get flabbergasted everytime I hear Dr. Tyson and Dr. Liu riff out.. Wow damn!!

[@emefcue]

Such a great epidsode! More ai amd quantum computers please!!!🎉🎉

[@randomkindness1470]

At our university they tried to arrive at solutions for problems in our local community by creating a department of interdisciplinary studies... I think this team of Neil, Chuck, Gary and Charlse Liu.. the conversation they are having.. this is what they were hoping to acheive. Not people talking from a unique point of expertise but people explaining the same phnomenon but at different levels of understanding

[@ConwayBob]

What a wonderful discussion this is. Thanks for this video! I cannot help but wonder if those relatively "old" galaxies recently observed to exist (or to have existed) at the most distant edges of observable space are not actually the same as some of the galaxies that are much nearer to us now -(and one may even be the Mikley Way itself), and we're seeing them because of the curvature of the time dimension into a closed loop. Is that possible?

[@MasMiv3b]

Love for you guys, and my geek hero Charles 🖤🤍

[@dancooper8551]

Excellent!!!

[@TraumaQueen65]

NGT throwing shade at Breitbart is just gold!

[@QuantumJJean]

another good one guys!😉

[@gregpope4652]

Excellent :) love it

[@certaindeaf8315]

That was great, I love love loved it.

[@IsamuSushi]

You ROCK Neil deGrasse Tyson!!! ❤🎉 I’ve watched you all my life growing up. I envy your enthusiasm and your love of spreading the education bug to our next generation.

[@ramkumarr1725]

Multiple time dimension 1. Short-term events (l'histoire événementielle). 2. Medium-term developments (la conjoncture). 3. Long-term structures and continuities (la longue durée).

[@roonlol]

Was never a fan of science when I was a kid but if you guys had this I would be. You guys should show science teachers/professors how to teach like this

[@GeorgeStar]

These guys are a joy to watch. Intelligent, informative and entertaining all at the same time. Chuch is great at the comic relief.

[@bodabdan]

Thank you all for combating my unknowns with your life's work. Our lives in this world are full of so much meaningless and petty nonsense (who has talent, true crime stories, who gets voted off the island, etc). I often find myself running with the ball, only to be unsure of what sport this ball belongs to or which way I'm supposed to run. I'm grateful for your efforts to help me understand where i am in the universe and how magnificent this place is!

[@chasengvang5092]

Love these human beings.

[@MirrorCanvas01]

15:30 I like the word phasing. Tunneling requires touching the mass/hill.

[@janetmooremendias233]

I experienced what I think to be the time ripple twice. So very profound. 01/26/24

[@leeFbeatz]

Caught it on Spotify earlier but gandering into this frame of the educational world environment again

[@leeFbeatz]

Thank you ❤