A Simple Way to Identify Grammatical Names & Functions in WAEC &NECO Comprehension Passages - Part 1

[@PhilominaBisong-or3ik]

After watching this video, i now know how to identify grammatical names and their functions 😊😊

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Thank you for posting this beautiful comment about my video 😊

[@AbSARRz]

Sir thanks for the explanation but regarding the adjectival clause/phrase I think it qualifies the noun or pronoun,or is it that qualify and modify are the same.

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

@@AbSARRzThank you for this question. Someone had asked this question before and here is the answer that I gave 👇 @HopeEnglishAcademy @HopeEnglishAcademy I quite appreciate your interest in this discourse. You seem to have answered your question in some ways when you placed “the concepts of modification and qualification of nouns as it pertains to parts of speech and grammatical functions” in a sequence. The conflict actually lies in the sequentiality of the two operations: “as it pertains to parts of speech and grammatical functions.” Now let’s start like this. The general function of adjectives is first, to qualify and then we can say that they modify as well. “As it pertains to part of speech,” it is best for us to say that all adjectives qualify, despite adjectives can also be said to modify in the same context, at the same time. The etymology of the word “modify”, from Collins Dictionary, believes that the word is “from Old French modifier, from Latin modificāre to limit, control, from modus measure + facere to make.” It may sound a little bit strange for you to know that adjectival phrases or clauses do not perform the usual functions that adjectives perform as part of speech - where they generally qualify. That is why we should say that they modify rather than qualify. They are used to control how the speaker wants us to understand the noun that the adjective has be used to modify, “from Latin modificāre - to limit, control, from modus measure +.” For example, we can have things like “The red car” or “The beautiful lady”. Now, these are cases where “the red”, and “the beautiful” have been used in the attributive case. In these expressions, we can freely say that the adjectives qualify or they modify. However, when we use these same adjectives in the predicative sense as saying, “The car is red” - not blue or black, or “The lady is beautiful” - not ugly; they would pave the way for some sentimental or philosophical understanding of the expressions. Specificities have been introduced. “The car is red” is a little bit argumentative. “The red car” is not as emphatic as “The car is red.” The adjective “red” has be used with the liking verb, “is”, first, to make it predicative and second, to “control” what you must understand about the colour of the car (argumentative). This is where the conflict lies with the analysis of the grammatical functions of adjectives. All adjectival clauses and phrases are used in this sense. That is why it is best to say they modify rather than qualify. I hope this helps 😊

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@asiruoyetayo]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

@holychildjesus1710 I am glad you liked it. Thanks.

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@fantadrammeh]

After watching this i can now identify grammatical names and there functions Thank you so much sir 😊

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@djtsplash838]

Sir, please I need help on the following sentence. What are the Grammatical Names/functions/ and forms, of the underlined expressions in the following sentences? 1,Amina may have done away with her old clothes. The underlined expression is "may have done away with" 2, Swimming in shark-infested waters is very dangerous. The underlined expression is" Swimming in shark-infested waters" 3,No sooner had I got home than it started to rain. The underlined expression is "No sooner had I got home than" 4, The patient may have been examined by the doctors. The underlined expression is "may have been examined". Your prompt response will be really helpful sir. Thank you so much in anticipation sir.

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Thanks for these questions. They are a part of what I intend to treat in Episode 2, 3, 4 and 5 of this video. However, here are your answers: 1. Verb phrase 2. Noun phrase 3. Adverbial clause 4. Verb phrases. Verb phrases are always a combination of “auxiliaries + progressive tenses” or “auxiliaries + perfect tenses.” They also demonstrate the sentence’s mood, intention and other information. They are not usually classified as clauses because they do not show subject-verb agreement. I hope this response (although short) helps. Regards

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@Ebonyibekwe]

If i may ask ,the second example that you gave ,is it an adverbial clause or an adverbial phrase?

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Thanks for the question. The second example from WAEC 2018 is an adjectival clause.

[@ChidinmaElimia]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

You’re welcome

[@atechonkojojoshua5126]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Thanks

[@Ebonyibekwe]

Hello sir! If a position after a preposition functions as an object of preposition so what is the function of a sentence when the first word is a preposition after a verb

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

This is a good question. The noun in a position after a verb is OBJECT OF THE SENTENCE or you simply say OBJECT OF THE VERB. The object in the sentence in this case can be of two types: - Direct object - Indirect object For example 1. Priya left the ice-cream on the table. GRAM NAME: “. . . the ice-cream on the table” FUNCTION: It is DIRECT OBJECT OR you say OBJECT OF THE SENTENCE OR you say OBJECT OF THE VERB “LEFT.” 2. Priya brought her mother ice-cream from the fridge. GRAM NAME: “. . . her mother ice-cream from the fridge.” FUNCTION: It is INDIRECT OBJECT OR you simply say OBJECT OF THE SENTENCE OR you say OBJECT OF THE VERB “BROUGHT.” Don’t forget that the verb in question may be a linking verb like ‘is’, or ‘are’. The noun in a position after a linking verb is COMPLEMENT OF THE SUBJECT. In this case, we say that the entire noun phrase/clause is describing the noun or renaming the noun that it comes after. For example: The software analyst, Mr. Bob is the man on the hot seat. GRAM NAME: “. . . the man on the hot seat” FUNCTION: It is THE SUBJECT COMPLEMENT I hope this helps!

[@emmanuelstudio5128]

I really understood this. Thanks😊 but what about subject of the verb in noun phrase/clause

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

I am glad you found the video helpful. However, the function of noun phrase/clause when it is used as the subject of verb was the first tip explained in the table. Thanks 🙏

[@ajifatoudrammeh5136]

Thank you so.much❤🎉

[@habbyona]

My applause for you... But the last one, that's 2021 was describing a human being so 'It' can't be used to replaced all the underlined words at once. Second, when I was in school, Mr. Ayidu the best English teacher taught us that we use the word "qualifies" for Noun or pronoun and "modifies" for verb. Lastly, this is actually the first observation though but I guess you were trying to manage the time so that viewer's data won't be wasting. You should define the word 'finite' to an absolute understanding of everyone before moving into details. Kudos once again sir. 👏 👏 👏

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

@fbighabbyona455 Thank you. I appreciate your kind words and positive feedback. As for your first question, ". . . But the last one, that's 2021 was describing a human being so"It" can't be used to replace all the underlined words at once." Once again, the underlined expression is: ". . . that she indeed studied Agriculture in the university. . ." And the entire sentence as used in the passage is: "What I did not know, which the interviewer brought to light, was that she indeed studied Agriculture in the university, had three children, and secured the support of a bank that loaned her some money which she had since returned." Please take note that the underlined expression is not describing "a human being" like you said. The underlined expression is serving as a complement of the subject in the entire sentence as used in the passage. And the subject is the thing that the speaker did not know: "What I did not know . . ." When you have Noun (Subject) + Linking verb + Noun (Complement) The noun that comes after a linking verb is a complement of the subject. That's why the function of the underlined expression is complement of the subject. We can also have a case of object complement, as in: Noun (Subject) + Verb + Noun (Object) + Noun (Complement) When a noun phrase follows the direct object in a clause with a transitive verb, it functions as an object complement. For example, "I can make him a better person." In this example the pronoun 'him' is the direct object and the noun phrase 'a better person' is the object complement because it comes immediately after the direct object. Back to your first question, again, take note that even if the subject of the subject were to be "a human being", the underlined expression being replaced by "It" in the video is "a blind test" - not signifying a change of gender. "Blind testing" is the experimentation on participants who are “blind” (unaware) of their role in the experimental process. The pronoun "It" was used to confirm whether the underlined was a noun or adjectival clause. If you use this confirmatory test to try another clause that starts with "that", it would give a negative result - that is if it is not a noun clause. For example, "There is the mountain that we are going to climb." The adjectival clause in this expression is ". . . that we are going to climb." Assuming this clause were an underlined expression under consideration, when you replace it with "It" in a blind test, the entire sentence would become meaningless. It would read like "There is the mountain 'it'." Now, what kind of expression is that? Therefore, this "blind test" can only give a positive result when it is carried out on an expression that is a noun clause which begins with "that" to differentiate such clauses from adjectival clauses that could also begin with "that." What then is the confirmatory test for adjectival and adverbials? When you undermine the underlined expression, the remaining clause would remain unchanged and meaningful, whereas adverbials would become meaningless. NOW, YOUR SECOND QUESTION "Second, when I was in school, Mr. Ayidu the best English teacher taught us that we use "qualifies" for noun and pronoun and modifies for verb." This is the second time I have seen this question under this video and my answer is the same and it is simple. Now let’s start like this. The general function of adjectives is first, to qualify and then we can say that they modify as well. “As it pertains to part of speech,” it is best for us to say that all adjectives qualify, despite adjectives can also be said to modify in the same context, at the same time. The etymology of the word “modify”, from Collins Dictionary, believes that the word is “from Old French modifier, from Latin modificāre to limit, control, from modus measure + facere to make.” It may sound a little bit strange for you to know that adjectival phrases or clauses do not perform the usual functions that adjectives perform as part of speech - where they generally qualify. That is why we should say that they modify rather than qualify. They are used to control how the speaker wants us to understand the noun that the adjective has be used to modify, “from Latin modificāre - to limit, control, from modus measure +.” For example, we can have things like “The red car” or “The beautiful lady”. Now, these are cases where “the red”, and “the beautiful” have been used in the attributive case. In these expressions, we can freely say that the adjectives qualify or they modify. However, when we use these same adjectives in the predicative sense as saying, “The car is red” - not blue or black, or “The lady is beautiful” - not ugly; they would pave the way for some sentimental or philosophical understanding of the expressions. Specificities have been introduced. “The car is red” is a little bit argumentative. “The red car” is not as emphatic as “The car is red.” The adjective “red” has be used with the liking verb, “is”, first, to make it predicative and second, to “control” what you must understand about the colour of the car (argumentative). This is where the conflict lies with the analysis of the grammatical functions of adjectives. All adjectival clauses and phrases are used in this sense. That is why it is best to say they modify rather than qualify. NOW, YOUR THIRD QUESTION "Lastly, this is actually the first observation though but I guess you were trying to manage the time so that viewer's data won't be wasting. You should define the word "finite" to an absolute understanding of everyone before moving into details." Now, what is a finite verb? According to Collins Dictionary, "In a sentence, there is normally at least one verb that has both a subject and a tense. When a verb has a subject and a tense, it can be referred to as a finite verb." From this definition, I'd like you to understand that a verb that has been used as a finite verb in one expression can also used as a non-finite verb in another expression. The important thing is whether the verb in the clause is found in combination with a subject and a tense. So that if the verb is not showing any subject verb agreement and at the same time, not showing tense distinction - then it is a non-finite verb. For example, "My father bought a stolen car yesterday." "Bought" is a finite verb because it has a subject and tense agreement. "Stolen" is a non-fine verb because it has no subject and no tense agreement with the expression although it is in past tense. By grammatical analysis, 1. "My father bought a stolen car. . ." is a noun clause because it begins with a pronoun and contains the finite verb "bought." 2. ". . . a stolen car yesterday" is a noun phrase because it does not contain a finite verb. "Stolen" is a participial non-finite verb. All participial non-finite verbs usually serve as adjectives. Kindly take note that four groups of non-finite verbs have been identified: 1. Participial non-finite verbs 2. Gerundial non-finite verbs 3. Infinitive non-finite verbs 4. Subjunctives By the way, I can reconstruct our expression as: "My father bought a new car which was stolen from him yesterday." By grammatical analysis, 1. "My father bought a new car. . ." is a noun clause because it begins with a pronoun and contains the finite verb "bought." 2. ". . . which was stolen from him yesterday" is an adjectival clause because it begins with "which" and contains a finite verb "stolen." Don't forget that the same verb "stolen" which was a non-finite verb in our first expression is what we now have as a finite verb in the second expression because it has satisfied the required conditions. That is the much I can say about what a finite verb is. I hope it helps 🙏

[@habbyona]

@@vconceptscollegeenglish It helped a great deal. Thank you so much sir. God bless! I subscribed and would send my private tutorial students to also subscribe to your channel.

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

@fbighabbyona455 Thanks for watching. Thanks for subscribing and for sharing the video with your private tutorial students. Many thanks to everyone that has subscribed to my KZbin channel, I really appreciate you guys! ❤❤

[@FavourEze-w6o]

Sir , please do you have lesson on how to answer summary question

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Coming soon 😊

[@FavourEze-w6o]

@@vconceptscollegeenglish Alright sir,I will be the happiest. Because, after watching your lesson on grammatical structure ,my brain is laughing at any question on grammatical structure that will be asked in waec

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

That’s so interesting to hear. 😄

[@godwintsorxe1499]

You are too much sir. ❤

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Thanks

[@ChiwetaluChukwunonsoNkoli]

Sir please help me differenciate between adverbial of place,time and reason with that of preposition

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

The difference between adverbial phrase/clause and prepositional phrase/clause lies in the word that starts each of the phrases. While the former starts with an adverb, a prepositional phrase begins with a preposition.

[@obodeexcellence6896]

Thank you so much sir but i have a question In the 2014 past questions i saw it modifies the verb saw and not interviewed. I expect your reply Thanks once more😊.

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Yes you’re correct. It was an oversight. You’re appreciated 😊

[@obodeexcellence6896]

Okay Thank you sir.

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@santomajoseph7504]

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[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

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[@isaackamara4109]

God bless you

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

You’re appreciated

[@HopeEnglishAcademy]

Greetings sir! I must assert that I love the way you straightened these crooked paths as it concerns clauses and phrases which come to play in WASSCE. Accordingly, I do have a question and mine is the construction of WAEC 2014 sentence which you intoned had a main clause and lots of subordinate clauses but then, why is saw and reported not the verb in the independent clause or aren't they main verbs? Additionally, how would we teach students to handle such issues where there are a chain of main verbs. The truth is, they might get the grammatical names of many a lot but may have to walk on egg shells in the area of its functionality. Looking forward to a revert and yet again, I cannot be prouder for your lessons.

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

@HopeEnglishAcademy In 2014, WAEC was actually trying to over-task their candidates by bringing a complex sentence which was a multiple sentence of some sorts. As far as I can say, WAEC fully understood that candidates were conversant with looking out for the verb that is to be modified in the second part (clause) of the sentence. So they decided to give their candidates an extra task of thinking between two other clauses along with the underlined clause in the same sentence to identify the verb to be modified. You know that a multiple sentence is one that has one main clause and at least two subordinate clauses. What WAEC did that year was to introduce the sentence with a subordinate clause, followed by another subordinate clause, and then, with the main clause at the end of the sentence. “Then a few months ago thirty-eight years after I last saw him in the primary school (SUBORDINATE), while I was watching a 9 0' clock television network programme (SUBORDINATE), I saw David being interviewed by a team of reporters” (MAIN CLAUSE) (g) "... while I was watching a 9 o. clock television network programme ..." (i) What is the grammatical name given to this expression as it is used in the passage? (ii) What is its function? Now back to your question, “. . . why is SAW and REPORTED” not the the verbs in the independent clause or aren’t they main verbs? To start with, the words “saw” and “reported” are both main verbs, but the verb “reported” was not used in the sentence: “I saw David being interviewed by a team of reporters.” What we have in the sentence is “reporters” which is a noun and not a verb. Just in case “interviewed” is the verb that you wanted to point out - then kindly note that it is that same verb that we have discussed in the video as the only verb in the sentence (the main clause) that is being modified by the underlined expression. On the other hand, the verb “saw” which is also present in the sentence CANNOT be taken as the verb that is being modified because it is in a subordinate clause. The verb that is going to be modified must be in the main clause and the only main clause in the expression is: “I saw David being interviewed by a team of reporters.” Now, let’s see how that point has brought us into your second question. “Additionally how would we teach students to handle such issues where there are a chain of main verbs. The truth is they might get the grammatical names of many a lot but may have to walk on egg shells in areas of its functionality.” I’d start treating your second question by saying that I do not quite agree with you that candidates “. . . might . . . have to walk on egg shells in areas of (its) functionality.” Let WAEC bring up a multiple sentence of whatever length they choose, I doubt it if they would test candidates on compound or compound-complex sentence. There is a little controversy, however, with the way we understand these sentence types. According to the Collins Dictionary, a complex sentence is defined as “a sentence containing at least one main clause and one subordinate clause.” The Macmillan Dictionary defines a complex sentence as “a sentence consisting of an independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses.” The only time that candidates would run into problems is when they are being tested on a sentence that has more than one independent clause as in the case of a compound or compound-complex. As I said before, and this would be very unlikely. What we can have under grammatical analysis is a complex sentence of one independent clause and one dependent clause as Collins puts it or with one independent clause and two or more dependent clauses as Macmillan puts it. As it were, candidate can only be tested with a question that has only one independent clause. When this happens, they could simply look out for the independent clause that is in the midst of the array of all the clauses in the sentence - that is it. I hope this helps 😊

[@rockboakye186]

Thank you for your submission, sir. I must say that I have a problem that "interviewed" is the verb being modified by the group of words in the text under discussion. My reason is, analysing the sentence, "I saw David being interviewed by a team of reporters" This sentence above also has a subordinate clause being imbedded into it. The sentence could simply be, "I saw David." This makes a complete thought. It means that, "being interviewed by a team of reporters" is a group of words that come to talk more about David. We could also have the structure as, "I saw David who was being interviewed by a team of reporters. Here, it becomes clear that " who was being interviewed by a team of reporters " is an adjectival clause which qualifies the noun, David. This means, "was being interviewed" is the verb of the adjectival clause ( who was being interviewed by a team of reporters) and not the main sentence. So the main verb in the sentence, "I saw David being interviewed by a team of reporters" is "SAW", which is the verb being modified by the expression under discussion. Thank you.

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

I like it that your have decided to keep this conversation going. However, your recent comment is a little bit contradictory. At the beginning you said, "I have a problem that "interviewed" is the verb being modified by the group of words in the text under discussion. Towards the end of the comment you said "So the main verb in the sentence, 'I saw David being interviewed by a team of reporters'" is "SAW*, which is the verb being modified by the expression under discussion. Kindly reconcile the mixed up ideas so that we can understand your argument very clearly. Regards

[@FTouray-w3o]

Effective

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Thanks

[@tonydaniel8614]

I also friend noun phase/clause a little still difficult

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Not to worry Tony, as this is the second time that this question has come up. I’m looking at it that I’m going to have to make a new video to clear the air. Initially, I didn’t plan on creating episodes on How to Identify Grammatical Names. But as it stands now, It has become absolutely necessary for me to create two separate videos on Grammatical Names to address the questions that have been posted most repeatedly on this first video. This particular video shall now stand as Episode 1. In Episode 2, I shall talk about how to differentiate between phrases and clauses, ie how to know whether it is a phrase/clause, and especially how to differentiate between noun phrase/clause. In the second video, which will come as Episode 3, I shall talk about the confirmatory test for grammatical names. In the mean time, I’d like to plead with you and all my viewers to bear with me as the said videos shall be coming up much later, because at present I am running five episodes on JAMB COMPREHENSION as JAMB is just a month or two away. Hopefully, I shall deliver on my promise. All the best 😊

[@tonydaniel8614]

Thank you sir...I await the next episode

[@MitchellIfeanyi-s6h]

Wow

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

You’re appreciated

[@OlamideFarotimi-tj1bj]

Love thiss

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

You’re welcome 😊

[@OkanlawonAdebowale]

Wow 😲

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Thanks

[@NnennaigwePerpetual]

Good 😂

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

You’re appreciated

[@GRANDATELIER]

Morning before the exam.. You cooked for 35 mins

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Go with this confidence. I wish you all the best 😊

[@obodeexcellence6896]

If u could be clearer on the 2nd and 3rd question he asked id really appreciate.

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Looks like I didn’t get those (2nd & 3rd) questions ?

[@AgboJoshua-bv9dt]

Really starting to get the picture

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

That is so good to hear. You’re appreciated

[@MBOGEYUSUPHA]

Sir, can you please explain tips for answering comprehensive questions.

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

Thanks for this comment. An explicit video on comprehension as well as summary tips shall be uploaded in no distant time. Please kindly stay tuned. Overall, you’re appreciated 🙏

[@SulemanaSaida]

Thanks

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

You’re welcome

[@MutiatAyanlade]

Sir pls that example that says I consider her my friend for life my friend for life is complementing the subject her pls sir how is it now object

[@vconceptscollegeenglish]

You are talking from the 19:05 minute section of the video. Please try to listen to it very well again. You got me wrong. I explained that “. . . my friend for life” is complementing the object ‘her’. The word ‘her’ is not a subject in that expression but an object. Please try to listen to that part again. You’re appreciated