Accelerator Science: Why RF?

[@antonypalmer2815]

Thank you for such a clear explanation. I work on a particle accelerator and your explanation will really help me explain to others how our system works.

[@maxvalsaez]

man particle physics is really awesome

[@vothaison]

"We call these groups of particle .. a bunch" 🤔 Meanwhile Apple calls its LCD "Liquid Retina".

[@mohamededbey]

As an Electrical and Electronics engineering student, I'm very fascinated by your videos. Well done Fermilab especially yo Dr. Don Lincoln.

[@BiswajitBhattacharjee-up8vv]

What a experimental module .Doping with RF. Fermilab is the heart and soul of physics at high standard .Each and every laboratory is world Bank of experience and physics and friction. Many people have their's own . A lesson I have learnt in electron spectroscopy.

[@SahinKupusoglu]

Dr. Don Lincoln rocks! 11!!!

[@eidolor]

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Lincoln He’s actually pretty well respected, that’s part of the reason why they have him as the face of these

[@apurbabiswas7218]

Great video. Lots of information delivered perfectly. Helpful animations too. Thanks Fermilab

[@Stilllife1999]

Great explanation. This channel needs more exposure.

[@cosmosgato]

No one make physics more accessible then Dr. Don Lincoln. This guy is one of the greatest teacher ever.

[@h7opolo]

It's a scintillating intro into a fascinating exploitation of physics.

[@qwertyca]

I see what you did there...

[@ravenous9577]

Love this channel and content!

[@shadow404atl]

Another great video. Very intuitive presentation. Thank you!

[@constpegasus]

I really enjoy these videos Mr Lincoln. Please keep them coming. Thank you sir.

[@Bhaumikpk]

Great explanation. Very useful for understanding. Sir, many thanks.

[@420MusicFiend]

Another great video from Dr. Don Gotta love the Spinal Tap shout out lol

[@ddorman365]

thank you for the great work you are all doing,Doug.

[@GottfriedLeibnizYT]

Wow. I'm an electrical engineer and that amuses me.

[@maxwellsequation4887]

No! Liebniz was a great mathematician

[@joncrabb5926]

I have a cousin working on using terahertz frequencies for electron acceleration to work for smaller and more accurate bunches so that industries can be more accurate with the amount of electrons colliding. Found it fascinating so came to this vid.

[@JeffOrford]

Thanks so much for this, I found this vid to be really illustrative and enlightening for me.

[@johnchristian5027]

Nice video guys, you should do more content!

[@Milm4n0]

Nice surfing man, great video! Thanks, keep em coming.

[@sunshineo23]

Awesome video!

[@photosinensis]

Oh, the amazing things you can do with RF. I love RF. It's my favorite part of the EM spectrum.

[@jordangraupmann6424]

photosinensis my favorite part is the color green

[@Борис-е7ч]

- . - . - - . -

[@tresajessygeorge210]

THANK YOU... PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!

[@thomasqsa]

Is there a way to use a kind of "full bridge rectifier" in order to have the eletric fields only in the desired direction ? I mean, maybe there is no semiconductor that would be suitable for this use, but it would be pretty cool if there was something like this.

[@millamulisha]

Should talk a bit about the how the uncertainty principle comes into play when you need to time the RF field in just the right way so that particles are in a well defined position (but consequently ill-defined velocity) at the top of the RF 'arch' so to speak. Good video, thanks!

[@IndraRiogersa]

The explanations very helpful to tell non scientist friends of mine. Thank you !!

[@bookswithjp]

I have a question, and I hate to ask it here but I can't seem to find the answer. I understand how standing EM waves are created inside the cavity and this is the oscillating electric field that accelerates particles. What I don't understand is the geometry of how these standing waves are created in such a way that the E field points in the direction of the particle's motion. I imagine the standing waves being created in the longitudinal axis (along the length of the cavities), but in this case, the E field would be oscillating vertically and not horizontally. Can somebody please explain? Thanks!

[@romanieo]

Great job as always Don. I just got back from CERN, I spent a couple of days visiting ATLAS, CMS and CCC. While there, they were running lead ions in the LHC. Hopefully your next video could explain how protons (hydrogen ions) gain mass when accelerated (if you haven't already made a video on this topic.) I never knew how integral RF was to particle acceleration.

[@romanieo]

Thanks @ScienceNinjaDude. Can you explain your statement, "That relativistic mass thing is one of the more pernicious sillinesses that have crept into our culture."? Or point me to a video or paper that better breaks it down.

[@oysteinsoreide4323]

romanieo This channel has videos explaining why mass doesn't change. You can search for it.

[@oysteinsoreide4323]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/goWtkqiXmsuHkK8

[@PartVIII]

So cheesy. So informative. I can't get enough Dr. Don

[@akashdas-pp3ko]

is it klystron with velocity modulation ?

[@johnnycash4034]

Even klystrons have variable frequency. I think these just have a very broadband due to the size.

[@marklandgraf7667]

How long does it typically take to accelerate a particle to speed? How long does it typically stay in the beam before being collided?

[@marklandgraf7667]

Questions answered in "Accelerator Science: Circular vs. Linear"

[@Doping1234]

So in stable bunches the beam is compressed in the direction of travel. Doesn't this increase the charge density broadening the beam? How is this handled?

[@emi6aston]

Thanks for this awesome videos, they make easy what we know than is dificult. But make us to loose the fear to this things.

[@johnedwards1685]

A big coupled-cavity travelling wave tube. Like a radar amplifier valve except absolutely gigantic.

[@alanmarston8612]

Nice. Standard RF power curve.

[@DicerX]

Please upload or upscale to 4K. Would honestly love this, youtube's compression makes video's look extremely terrible. Thank you for ally our efforts Doc.

[@alamgirkabir7177]

Good job Dr L

[@TheyCallMeNewb]

Whoa! That must be extraordinarily, exasperatingly, interminably challenging; finding the right field timing. Surf's up.

[@tomtommyl805]

You guys are great. !thanks

[@Sedna7]

OK...that was cool! Thanks!

[@TheElectra5000]

The deeply obscure and complicated technical term "bunch".

[@LowellBoggs]

Resonance is used to speed up particles. Could it be used to amplify gravitational waves? For example, amplifying the miniscule waves generated by wiggling atoms into macroscopic -- and presumably useful values?

[@dexio85]

Hey! Thanks for all the videos so far, this is very interesting stuff. I have a questions if you don't mind. Since the bunch gets accelerated more and more and does this mean that you need to control the phase angles of the RF waves injected into the cavities as the bunch loops around to always allow for this perfect scenario? Also. how big (physically) are the typical cavities and what is the typical frequency of the RF waves. Cheers.

[@ganjanaut6038]

+ScienceNinjaDude What does that have to do with readings from frequency? You'd still get a data feed from the loop, if I have a timer running for a car going a lap it wouldn't matter if I used seconds or milliseconds, the loop feed would just be fractioned data when momentum increases.

[@husseinmoussa-sd5es]

Hello, Dr. Can you make a video to explain crab cavity ?

[@WilliamLeeSims]

Particle accelerators are dangerous! When you imagined surfing, your shirt changed. Thank goodness we have level-headed physicists working there.

[@guitarans]

Awesome videos... Thanks.. whats the name og the song at the end?

[@Simonjose7258]

So is the particle gun shooting like a strobe?

[@EclipZeMuzik]

wonderful work!!

[@RME76048]

So (budget and space permitting), could a number of accelerators be shifted out of phase relative to each other such that when you wish to have the particles strike a target, they would be combined into a continuous beam as opposed to a single accelerator providing bunches of particles with gaps between?

[@advance_sci_tech_SK_IITBombay]

This is TM01 type of cavity. Cavity can have different modes but we prefer TM01.

[@mitzvahgolem8366]

Like period of vibration? Or period of oscillation of the RF field? Can a RF field be boosted by another RF field behind it essentially doubling the push ? שלום

[@harryandruschak2843]

Fascinating!

[@taufanaugusta8884]

So this is the reason we can have 2 particles moves in different direction within 1 circular collider. Those RF dictate, "you accelerate to the right, and you the left, let me know if you guys meet each other"

[@betaneptune]

How can a particle bunch have not a single charge in it? Aren't we accelerating charged particles? How would you even accelerate a neutral particle?

[@negiamerica]

I think he meant that the bunch does not contain one charged particle but many charged particles

[@japhetozogbuda725]

does this mean that radio signals can be made stronger using particle accelerator?

[@johnnycash4034]

Three years later. Yes. It's called a klystron.

[@hotdrippyglass]

Love the shirt !!!!

[@CaptainManic2010]

just blows my mind that a bunch of wankers got together and worked this all out. It's unbelievable. The thousands of minds and hours that went into getting the large accelerators to work....and the fact that they do...is awesome. Thanks so much for your time Don. You explained it so well to the layman.

[@brilwiljeff]

I'm looking for the video that explains how a torrent of photons create the appearance of a coherent wave.

[@betaneptune]

Did I hear you right? Bunches don't contain a single charge particle? If there's no charge, how can an electric field accelerate it?

[@negiamerica]

I think he meant that they do not contain one charged particle but many charged particles.

[@jonathanjackson7047]

This is not the reason we use RF to accelerate particles. There is some advantage to resonance when using a standing wave cavity. But there are many disadvantages of using RF.. energy spread of the particles, duty factor, heating and resonance matching etc. We would prefer to use DC voltages if we could. The problem with DC is arcing. This limits DC voltages and its something like 10kV per cm. Consequently, our accelerating gradient maximum is something like 1 MeV/m. THe largest van der graaf is 7MeV and is quite big. RF cavities can achieve much higher gradients on the order of 10's of MeV/m. This was the motivation to move from VanDerGraf type accelerators to RF cavities.

[@MrGooglevideoviewer]

you are awesome! Thank you for the great video :)

[@Frankyjones1000]

Good ole surf on Michigan lake in december!

[@1Reevee]

Would a spark really form in a vacuum?

[@johnklapp9077]

There aren't perfect vacuums ... the protons of the beam, for example.

[@rickb6029]

it's dangerous to surf into an oncoming wave... you become the fixed target.

[@arashm.1556]

FANTASTIC

[@betaneptune]

Why are you suring into the big wave? You should be riding it, moving in the same direction as it.

[@EdgarSoaresPT]

Hopefully no excuse is required for that Hawaiian shirt.

[@YCCCm7]

Why not just make 10 louder?

[@Fury6]

...but this one goes to 11.

[@eidolor]

It doesn’t count until it’s over 9000 and shatters strong force

[@sunshineo23]

I wish I could double like it

[@gabetower]

Tubular!

[@osvaldoferreira7136]

I would like to translate some of the videos to my birth language, portuguese. I would love to share this materials with my friends, but they don't speak english... Why don't you guys allow translations?

[@TheUSCMS]

Osvaldo Ferreira I think they do.

[@osvaldoferreira7136]

No, they dont. Go in settings/subtitles, there are no option to add new subs.

[@nasalimbu3078]

Platinum shrin Beam accelerator ray thylimil Ti give power to sun on metal

[@robertlunsford1350]

Very similar to how our accelerators work for radiation therapy.

[@nanak3363]

WOW !

[@WDIO-RADIO]

nice.

[@juffowuppy]

radical!

[@gorkemvids4839]

Surfing on em wave huh? Pretty sure its cooler than water surfers

[@GEOindustries0]

"None more black"

[@StainedShuriken333]

You are approached by a frenzied Vault scientist, who yells, "I'm going to put my quantum harmonizer in your photonic resonation chamber!" What's your response?

[@johnnycash4034]

A high frequency response

[@PrivateSi]

Sounds like the world's messiest experiment using the worlds most precise equipment and understanding of physics.. They smash so many particles together so quickly at such close range due to this bunching I'm not convinced of (all of) the experiment results.

[@yourstruely9896]

A group of particle physicist a bunch

[@zaiks0105]

I still don't get it ... at least I am honest ;)

[@ahmedomar6806]

😭😭

[@whirledpeas3477]

Particle physics is worth a video or 2, please explain why it is worth more 🤔. Idiots please reply

[@AnhThu-jh6ih]

Lp

[@daveb5041]

11 exists in professional sports too. In an interview with the new england patriot's running back on how he scored the super bowl winning touchdown he explains that he gave it 110%. The next year when they lost the superbowl the same player gave reasons why they lost but he never said he gave it 110%. I actually made up that story because I couldn't name any of the players but watch any sports interview ever and the winning team/player will always say how they gave it 110% but only when they won. Whats the real reason? If there is one the players certainly don't know.

[@foxlinx]

The only part that gave me hope was when these guy said that the cavities "prefer". I hope they leave old and stupid dogmas like fields... gl

[@ruby_gleyzes]

Awesome video!

[@rickb6029]

it's dangerous to surf into an oncoming wave... you become the fixed target.