This Video is About Electroadhesion.

How would you stick a slice of banana to a sheet of copper? Until a few months ago, you couldn’t. But a new discovery called “hard-soft electroadhesion” enables chemists to stick almost any hydrogel to almost any metal, using nothing but an electric current. Join George as he tries to replicate electroadhesion in his basement and discovers what it has in common with superglue… and, surprisingly, water.
#Electroadhesion
#ACSCentralScience
#ChemistryExperiment
#DIYScienceExperiment
#DIYChemistry
#Superglue
#HowGlueWorks
Credits:
Executive Producer: Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Darren Weaver
Writer & Host: George Zaidan
Scientific Consultants:
Michelle Boucher, Ph.D.
Rigoberto C. Advincula, Ph.D.
Leila Duman, Ph.D.
Srinivasa R. Raghavan, Ph.D.
Wenhao Xu
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2024 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
Reversibly Sticking Metals and Graphite to Hydrogels and Tissues
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsc...
Electroadhesion Technologies for Robotics: A Comprehensive Review
ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/...
Electroadhesion with application to touchscreens
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/artic...
Advancement of Electroadhesion Technology for Intelligent and Self‐Reliant Robotic Applications
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/f...
Visualization methods for understanding the dynamic electroadhesion phenomenon
iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
Surface haptics via electroadhesion: Expanding electrovibration with Johnsen and Rahbek | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore
ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/...
Interfacial Phenomena in Adhesion and Adhesive Bonding | SpringerLink
link.springer.com/book/10.100...
What are adhesives and sealants and how do they work? - ScienceDirect
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
A review of adhesion science - ScienceDirect
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Adhesion: Molecules and Mechanics | Science
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
Handbook of Adhesives | SpringerLink
link.springer.com/book/10.100...
Knovel - kHTML Viewer
app.knovel.com/web/view/khtml...
Bonding Mechanism of Cyanoacrylates on SiO2 and Au: Spectroscopic Studies of the Interface | The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs....
Advancement of Electroadhesion Technology for Intelligent and Self‐Reliant Robotic Applications - Rajagopalan - 2022 - Advanced Intelligent Systems - Wiley Online Library
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/f...
Unravelling the Chemical Influence of Water on the PMMA/Aluminum Oxide Hybrid Interface In Situ | Scientific Reports
www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
Dissimilar material joining of densified superwood to aluminum by adhesive bonding | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
link.springer.com/article/10....
An inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy (IETS) study of poly(vinylacetate) poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinylalcohol) adsorbed on aluminium oxide - ScienceDirect
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Molecular imaging of paper cross sections by FT-IR spectroscopy and principal component analysis | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
link.springer.com/article/10....
Understanding Wood Bonds-Going Beyond What Meets the Eye: A Critical Review
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Content Not Found: Ingenta Connect
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www.fpl.fs.usda.gov/documnts/...
Role of contact electrification and electrostatic interactions in gecko adhesion - PMC
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Chemistry Ph.D. Explains how Super Glue Actually Works.
• Chemistry Ph.D. Explai...
Compound Interest: Sticky Science - The Chemistry of Superglue
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What makes super glue so super? | HowStuffWorks
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Electron Microscopy for Visualization of Interfaces in Adhesion and Adhesive Bonding | SpringerLink
link.springer.com/chapter/10....

[@ACSReactions]

In case you don't want to scroll all the way down to our sources in the video description, here's the electroadhesion paper:

[@crawkn]

Clearly chemists should be required to hire 3-year-olds to continuously ask them "but why?", until they realize that the answer is "nobody knows (yet)."

[@FennecTECH]

The jello became blue because copper ions were driven into the jello by running current through it from a copper plate

[@1495978707]

Yes, it was

[@gmozzi5827]

This is an astounding example of science communication. Clear, concise, stimulating; seeing you do the experiments, getting sidetracked, asking questions and not immediately having answers makes the journey enjoyable and instructive (THIS is how science works!). thank you for making it

[@dj_laundry_list]

I'm trying to adhere to your lecture material but this lesson didn't really stick. I just can seem to bond with you on this. At least it wasn't tacky.

[@andrewtinker7537]

This seems to be a bit of rediscovery. Edison invented an audio amplifier based on electroadhesion he called the 'electro-motograph', after noting that passing an electric current between a wet absorbent substance and a metal plate caused the wet substance to stick. It used adhesion between a rotating metal disk and a chalk electrode or a rotating chalk disk and a metal electrode. Passing an intermittent electric current, for example from a carbon microphone, between the chalk and metal would cause the chalk to adhere and then slip, and the resulting pull/release action on the electrode was transmitted to a speaker diaphragm by a string.

[@wellscampbell9858]

Gonna guess the blue was copper salts formed by electrolysis.

[@AstridDaFox]

Small correction. Water is extremely sticky. Where you can wipe up most oils without having a large amount of residue left behind, water will leave a damp spot. This ability to stick to things is one of the reasons that water is so good for life because it will dissolve anything that is slightly polar which includes the nutrients inside cells. It just doesn't feel sticky because it's not very viscous. Good video though.

[@ktktktktktktkt]

I feel like you could stick a smooth metal plate to a banana just with its moisture and surface tension though haha

[@Dumdumshum]

I feel like you're overthinking this. Surface imperfections filled with monomers or other small molecules (like in the case of water) that then polymerize (or freeze) create tiny mechanical locks against lateral movement of the adhesive in relation to the bonded surface. Perpendicular movements are then mitigated by vanderwaal forces as well as chemical bonding, with the significance of each varying depending on the adhesive and the bonded surface. In the case of electroadhesion, it seems to require a soft material or one that is partially liquid. I bet the electron migration at the interface is carrying other ions along for the ride via electrostatic effects in the same way that dendrite formation occurs across the electrolyte of batteries, again creating tiny mechanical locks at the interface.

[@rylanpeepee]

If i ever need to gule a piece of metal to jello, I'll come back to this video.

[@wolvenar]

I accidentally found this property/ reaction between metals and various soft foods when I was a kid in the 1980s. I was experimenting with what I could use to make batteries. Well more so seeing what would work as an electrolyte, and if any of them would allow reforming of metals so they could recharge. I mentioned I was just a kid right?)

[@hathzorz]

Very surprising when the scientist in the paper you were talking about ended up being my professor from undergrad!

[@FreeXenon]

I am not a chemistry person, but I greatly appreciate your explanations.

[@taukid421]

10:28

[@cmaxxen]

And now I'm curious about all the different types of glue and how they work. Hide glue in luthiery, flour paste and paper, contact glue.. so many adhesives out there.

[@carpemkarzi]

Gotta love the new science being discovered and explored. This could dead end to a ‘neat’ thing or open up whole new technologies. Damn fine work from the team and as always damn fine work from George.

[@DH-bf9xb]

You say COVID, but one notices the espresso martini look'n drink on the table.

[@unvergebeneid]

Now I want electroadhesive hairspray.