Al-Mu’tadid, the Reviver of the Caliphate | 892CE - 902CE | Abbasid Caliphate #09

By the 870s, the Abbasid Caliphate had come out of the Anarchy at Samarra. However, it hadn’t come out as strong as it had been just ten years earlier. The chaos of the Anarchy had torn the Caliphate apart. Much of its former territory had fallen to local powers. There were revolts everywhere. Much of Persia had walked away, Egypt was lost, Arabia too had fallen to tribal warriors. Even Iraq, the heartland of the Abbasid Caliphate, wasn’t fully under their control. While most members of the Abbasid Royal Family were weak and used as puppets by various general and bureaucrats, there were two men who were capable and had the ability to battle their vassals for control. The first was al-Muwaffaq, who had led the military and had actually been the power behind the throne during the reign of Caliph al-Mu’tamid. Al-Muwaffaq was replaced by his son, al-Mu’tadid, who, like his father, was a very capable man. He began repairing the damage that been done to the Caliphate. He turned out to be the last great Abbasid Caliph.
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[@UsefulCharts]

I think I saw that family tree chart on another channel but I can't remember where.

[@AlMuqaddimahYT]

It's a very famous family tree. It had like 12 upvotes on Reddit.

[@RoyalRahim]

Please do make a video about the Imams of the Ahlul Bayt (as) that us Shias follow and how many of the caliphs that ruled during their times often imprisoned and poisoned each of the 12 Imams! This is a part of Islamic history that’s almost never talked about

[@ChefbyMistake]

This is the most discussed topic in Islam ☪️

[@kabz3354]

Shias make up the most BS of stuff. May Allah guide you all

[@iseeyou5061]

Will you cover Abbasid after Seljuk collapse? It seems like Abbasid manage to exercise an actual power after Seljuk gone if limited in Iraq

[@wahabalghunaim2083]

Always a good day when Al-Muqaddimah posts

[@beepboop204]

100%

[@lerneanlion]

Caliph al-Mu'tadid deserved better. If he lived longer, the Ottoman Empire might an example from him in search of dealing with corruption and debts by going into the history about his reign of the Abbasid Caliphate.

[@robertmitchell8630]

Maharaja Modi ji is the greatest caliphate history of Islam Two hundred million Muslims Sunni Shia of all sects all tolerating each other and living in peace Not even the Allah's apostle himself would be able to accomplish this Everywhere else it Muslims fighting Muslims

[@kuroazrem5376]

Good to see you're back. Missed you.

[@kuroazrem5376]

This just shows how powerful kharijites and shias were at this point in time. This completely destroys the narrative that sunnism has always been the mainstream.

[@hussainsultanzada6123]

The Abbasid Caliphate was under the control of the Shia Buyids from the mid-930s all the way until the Seljuks emancipated the Caliph. Had the Seljuks chose Shia Islam instead of Sunni Islam when converting, the whole history of the Middle East would've changed.

[@unbelievableHoruz]

you mean the dirty rafidah pigs

[@ibrahimmohammedibrahim9273]

​@@hussainsultanzada6123have you read the history of qarmathian... Brutal indeed

[@hussainsultanzada6123]

@@ibrahimmohammedibrahim9273 unfortunately

[@pendantblade6361]

Fantastic vid as always

[@Sajidun]

A Great video!

[@beepboop204]

he is doing very good work

[@andreos2004]

Thanks!

[@nganjirubayita7978]

amazing video @Al Muqaddimah please tell me you'll do a video on the swahili coast civilisation it is a mix of african,arab,persian, and indian cultures

[@dweeb24]

Another amazing video bro. I always thought of Al Mu'tadid as the man who revived the Caliphate but how did he deal with the Turkic mercenaries. Surely they werent quiet on Al Mu'tadid's consolidation of Abbasid territories.

[@sustaingainz7856]

these maps are gorgeous it feels like a board game

[@yegirish]

For me, it makes me wish that Crusader Kings had deeper mechanics to represent this kind of complexity in the Islamic world in this period. The complicated factionalism and fluid levels of regional control are soooo much more interesting than any map game has been able to capture.

[@MrHazz111]

Great timing considering Ubisoft forward is only a few days away.

[@samkataz]

I recommend you ( if you want of course ) to make a video about the burji dynasty they also ruled egypt

[@A.K.Mahmood]

Hy can you make a map of Arabia in between 6 or 7 centuries? And point that in this time which tribe live there please?

[@Brahmdagh]

Make a video about how Shia-Sunni split slowly occurred over centuries

[@ibrahimmohammedibrahim9273]

Could you please do video about Sub-Saharan (sokoto empire) and south Asia (Malacca empire) caliph...

[@yegirish]

Ooh, yeah! I would love some good content on the Bornu and Sokoto caliphates

[@andreascovano7742]

7:33 aren't the nizari ismaili's the famous order of assasins?

[@sampagano205]

Yes, also one of the only shia groups today who still have an active imam.

[@kuroazrem5376]

Yes, but they appeared 2 hundred years later.

[@zxera9702]

When will you cover the Fatimids sir

[@aaronTGP_3756]

Had Al-Mu'tadid lived longer (for 5-10 more years, perhaps) it's entirely possible he conquers the Tulunids, due to them being completely unstable in 905. After all, if his less capable son could, why not him?

[@dweeb24]

I am pretty sure he did conquer Egypt lol (from the Tulunids)

[@aaronTGP_3756]

@@dweeb24 Wrong. They were conquered by a general under Al-Muktafi.

[@dweeb24]

@@aaronTGP_3756 hmm thanks for letting me know that.

[@ryannorton5153]

Allah does what Allah wills

[@jorgemasvidal7566]

A video about the great buyids next please ❤️

[@AlMuqaddimahYT]

The one after the next. Next one is the tragedy of al-Muqtadir.

[@rayyansobrany9759]

Does anyone else miss the old intro from the older videos

[@AlMuqaddimahYT]

Yeah, but I didn't have rights to the music.

[@mohammadkhizarrehman7158]

❤❤

[@saadnoor5884]

Please give the series of ottoman empire.

[@yegirish]

Great video, as usual. I really appreciate having history narratives centered on the islamic world. I really wish I could better understand why the state bureaucracies of the islamic world in this period, as well as the contemporary Byzantine bureaucracies, seemed to get so much more riddled with corruption and factional power politics than later early modern european state bureaucracies. This difference obviously isn't "moral", "civilizational" or "religious", as most catholic european polities in 900CE were super-decentralized personal-feudal kingdoms with no state apparatus at all, and they wouldn't develop the kind of centralized bureaucratic power for another ~500 years. But there's gotta be some difference in the conception of political power and legitimacy that explains at least some of this gap. If anyone has a better understanding of this, I'd be happy to hear their thoughts. (Or maybe I'm wrong and this is all just a bias in my perception of the two).

[@nz3652]

Bro can you plzzzz do a video on the history or arakan and the Muslims living there know as the rohingya

[@micahistory]

interesting, I now know who you are named after

[@mohsin1918]

Good history yet very much misinformed regarding shiasm and political dynamics of those days.

[@dweeb24]

Because in those days Shi'ism was not a whole sect. Merely a political division regarding the ownership of the Caliphate. Much of modern Shi'ism comes from the Fatimid Shia Caliphs, who structured modern Shi'ism. (yes i know they were isma'ili )

[@unbelievableHoruz]

you mean shit-ism

[@magma9000]

Love from Pakistan 🇵🇰❤️

[@beepboop204]

i cant help but say "magma" like Dr Evil

[@cascarrabias397]

Around 670, Sidi Ocba appears, who is generally presented as the conqueror of North Africa; which is inaccurate. He was an adventurer who undertook an algara or razia in the Maghreb; which was adverse to him, because he died in the war. According to Georges Marçais, whose works guide us (1946), "having defeated Kosaïla near Tlemcen, the chief of the powerful tribe of the Awrâba, in Tunisia, obtained his conversion from the Christian faith to Islam, becoming in the end his friend and ally" 4. In 670, Ocba established a military base in Kairouan that would become the most important city in the region. Inflamed by these successes, he headed west and we are told to have overtaken the central parts of the Maghreb, perhaps the Ocean. But, as he must not have been at ease in these hostile places, he returned to his bases. In the meantime he had fallen out with Kosaila, whom he severely humiliated. He was ambushed at Tehula, not far from Biskra; In it the conqueror lost his life. Kosaila then became master of Kairouan, of which he was lord from 683 to 686. IV. A lieutenant from Ocba, Zohair ibn Quais, had escaped disaster. He managed to gather his own and confronted the Berber chief. A battle took place at Mens, about 686; Kosaila died, but feeling insecure the Arab took the road to Egypt. As he approached the city of Barca in Cyrenaica, he clashed with Byzantine forces that had just landed. Surprised and probably without resources after such a long walk through the desert, decimated his army, Quaïs died with his own. The distances in the Maghreb are not small. Two thousand kilometers separate Carthage from Tangier. At that time, according to the geographer El Bekri, it took forty days to go from Kairouan to Fez and much more if the coastal route was chosen, the path required to reach the Strait and the Spanish coasts 5. But we want to be convinced that Muza ibn Nosair has achieved the feat of seizing in a few years such an immense region, whose orography is very complicated and which is populated by a warrior race that in history has demonstrated its efficiency. According to Marçais, the modern Barbary historian. The deserts of Central Arabia, the Rob-el-Khali, the Nedjed and the Syrian desert have existed for a very long time. Throughout the Near East the wide grasslands, comparable to those of the Far West, the xerophytic or sub-desert steppe, possessed in antiquity dimensions larger than those of our days. The same thing happened with the irrigated regions of Yemen or the Hedjaz. But with the arrival of the drought that punished them throughout the last millennium, modifying the landscape, the economic crisis upset such an immense and important region. It was the cause of the demographic movements that point to the history of the peoples of the Fertile Crescent, land that after all was the witness of a geobotanical situation degraded from a very distant date. The population was very small. Except in a few places that had orchards, there were no sedentary ones. The nomads lived in transhumance and the transport of goods by means of caravans. Under these conditions, it can be concluded that sufficient resources, demographic and economic, were absent from these regions to sustain the structure of a powerful State. On the contrary, we know that the tribes ill-advised among themselves, suspicious, maintained a fierce independence. How then to organize armies? Where to find resources to maintain them? To undertake the gigantic actions described in the texts would have required forces with extraordinary offensive power. We must surrender to the evidence: Men were missing in the first place. In a region with facies simply subarid, or even arid if the soil is permeable, the horse cannot be sustained. According to the staff officers, when preparing an operation with cavalry elements, a reserve of forty is calculated for each animal. 12 liters of water per day. The traveler who crosses arid lands must carry with him food and drink for his riding. This is not feasible if the distance to be crossed is too long. On the contrary, the camel can fulfill this task. It belongs to the rare ungulates adapted by their physiological constitution to the adverse conditions of these disinherited regions. For this reason the nomads of Arabia possessed herds of camels and not horses. The Arabian thoroughbred is thus related to the myths parallel to those of the invasions and, like so many other things, attributed to an unlikely origin. On the other hand, the horseshoe appeared in Gaul in Merovingian times. Previously, when you wanted to make a horse or a camel cross a stony terrain, as in the case of desert hamadas, your feet were wrapped with leather to protect them. "Here," wrote General Brémond, "is another unfavorable condition that opposes the myth of the invasion of North Africa by an Arab cavalry, coming out of the deserts of Arabia. He would have traveled three thousand kilometers with horses without shoeing. These horses would have worn their hooves to the instep" . We will indicate in another chapter the origin of this legend; We will now record that in these times as in antiquity the Riders did not wear stirrups. They were imported from China in the ninth century. It would have been very difficult, if not impossible, for these riders to straddle such long and numerous days. However, these difficulties have been ignored by classical historians. Sedillot (1808-1875) asserted, for example, that in his second expedition against the Gasani of Damascus (630-632) the Prophet had led the following forces: ten thousand horsemen, twelve thousand camels and twenty thousand infantry. Our distinguished orientalist has been deceived by the Arab chronicler, not by hyperbole or exaggeration, but by a plain and simple lie revealed by our present knowledge of biogeography: camels and horses are mutually exclusive. These zoological species belong to opposite facies, they witness different climates and are not associated in nature. It also teaches the experience that they cannot live together artificially. They are mutually irritated by their smell; In such a way that it is difficult to conceive of the coexistence of masses of these animals for a common and orderly work, as if regiments of cats and dogs were placed on the same front to fight the same enemy. On the other hand, General Brémond, military chief of the allied mission that during the war of 14 has made Arabia independent from Turkish domination, commenting on Sedillot's text, concluded that ten thousand horses need four hundred thousand liters of drinking water every day. Where to find such a huge amount in the steppe or in the desert? He added: "It would have been impossible, especially at this time, to maintain thirty thousand men and twenty thousand beasts. In 1916-1917, we have not been able to obtain for the 14,000 men gathered before Medina food for more than eight days, despite the considerable resources that came to us from India and Egypt by steamships". Are you sure, this make sense to you? You can keep on lying to yourself or come around your senses.

[@vibeind4571]

Any christards 🙌🙌🙌

[@Al-Hussainy]

Im an arab and i know a lot of my ancestry from the time of the prophet, and this guy famously killed one of my ancestors. Idk if i should be mad or that's way back in the past😂 I find the video dissatisfying, you didnt mention how brutal and mighty al-mu3tadid was, he was so brutal he used to kill anyone who seemed to not obey him without thinking twice

[@beepboop204]

😀😃😄😁

[@ryannorton5153]

The Umma has over 2 billion believers. Why don't we settle our differences, weed out the hypocrites, and establish another caliphate

[@unbelievableHoruz]

because rafidah hate the companions so they hate islam

[@ryannorton5153]

What do you mean? I don't know who or what Rafida is

[@unbelievableHoruz]

@@ryannorton5153 12 er imam shits

[@rusi6219]

2014

[@mhmadbedrddeen3414]

As always many errors was presented You can't say Imam Jaafar appointed Ismael has the nest Imam like it's a fact at least say according to Ismaelis it is so while according to 12vers he appointed Imam Khazim Also as a note for who don't know history or sects well, the shia who are discussed in this vid are not the shia who hold the majority now and known by this name when it is mentioned

[@ChefbyMistake]

Ismailis were always the most powerful Shia Sect later Hamdanids were without any Leader that made the story of Imam Musa Kadhim to create a sense of Imamate.

[@mhmadbedrddeen3414]

@@ChefbyMistake Oh made up, strange how no one companion of their father Imam As-Sadiq became ismaili and went on to accept Imam Al-Kazim

[@ChefbyMistake]

@@mhmadbedrddeen3414 How we can prove this today ? We can only prove the archeological fact and timeline. Ismailis rose and died in a very detailed manner left so many traces same goes for Zaidis ( Still Imamate in Yemen), Hamdanids (Todays Lebanon) and Ismailis (Spreaded all over the world with enormous buildings, coins and what not). It is very difficult to find out the truth except the Ismaili and Non Ismaili words and their Books. I am not able to find a single link for Alevis (Syria-Turkey-Albania) because there are no archeological facts available.

[@mhmadbedrddeen3414]

@@ChefbyMistake What does archeology has to do with what we are talking, what are you talking about man

[@ChefbyMistake]

@@mhmadbedrddeen3414 Mate, How we can prove something happened hundreds of years ago. I mean I cant respond to such question where people accepted or rejected an Imam I can only refer to the Timeline available and examine it with today and architectural evidence.

[@----f]

Historical Muhammad still coming bro?

[@ruzzsverion2728]

I know you mostly focus on Islamic history, but couldn't you make a detailed video about the Maratha confederacy?

[@Munthasir123]

I don’t mean to offend anyone but Islam was supposed to be meritocracratic. Just being born into a family doesn’t give you the right to be the Imam or Religious leader. On the same breath I’m saying Abasids were no better they preached about how Arab Muslims were proper Muslims and others weren’t. Which goes directly agains the teachings of our prophet. Both of these being born into a race or family giving you the rights to rule over Muslims is against Islamic teachings.

[@WillNelson73]

Bukhari and Muslim both state that the legit leadership is to remain among the Quraish. The Shia go further and say Ahl Bait

[@hussainsultanzada6123]

As a Shia, I agree. But the Twelver Shia Imams weren't chosen due to familial ties, but due to their merits. This is a common misconception amongst the Islamic world.

[@RoyalRahim]

The Quran purified the Ahlul Bayt (as) and Muhammad (SAW) literally says Islam will be successful under the reign of 12 caliphs all from his tribe. We don’t believe in the Imams of the Ahlul Bayt (as) just because of their relation to the Prophet, we believe in them for their merit and the immense knowledge they have and ofc we believe they were divinely chosen by Allah. The sixth Imam, Imam Jafar Sadiq (as) after all was literally the teacher of the 2 of the Imams that made madhabs in sunni Islam. Muawaiyah started a trend of falsely placing his son and other family members on the throne of power when they were clearly not fit to rule (hence the battle of Karbala). It’s also important to note the Abbasid rulers often mentioned such as Harun al Rashid in this video literally poisoned the 7th Imam as did many Ummayyad and Abbasid rulers since they viewed the progeny of Muhammad (SAW) as a very real threat and didn’t mind killing them despite the fact that they were such great teachers. When it comes to imamate it’s not about being born, it’s about being chosen by Allah and all Imams were the best scholars of their time. Muawaiyah started the false trend of appointing his son Yazid (LA) which quite literally started the Umayyad dynasty.

[@Killzoneguy117]

Okay, but even by that argument, the Sunni position falls apart. Ali was the first male companion. He slept in the Prophet's bed when the Meccans (led by Khalid bin Walid) attempted to kill him, he stormed the gate of Khaybar, and was considered worthy enough to marry his daughter. And you're telling me that he was less worthy than Abu Bakr? Abu Bakr?! The guy who's sole contribution to the cause was money? Or Umar? The guy who publicly rebuked the Prophet and was rebuked himself? Uthman? The guy who ran away at Uhud and spent three days hiding in a marshland complaining that it was cold? Are you serious? Are you seriously expecting me to accept such a moronic proposition

[@WillNelson73]

@al Mamlūk Uthman was so incompetent that an uprising started against him, and they killed him. Sunni revisionists later I vented a character called "Abdullah ibn Saba, who they say was a black Jew (two worst things one can be in Islam)

[@vypa-bk1iy]

I hate the fact that you use the same few exact pictures over and over again for all of your videos get some new pictures or something my dude.

[@beepboop204]

I hate the fact that you use the same few exact letters over and over again for all of your comments get some new letters or something my dude.

[@vypa-bk1iy]

@@beepboop204 hur dur dur I bet you think yours such a smartass for making that comment lol. He makes videos on different historical time periods and topics but always uses the same exact pictures it doesnt correlate.

[@beepboop204]

@@vypa-bk1iy hur dur dur dur dur hurrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr hur dur dur????? DHUR DURHUR HUR!!!!! hur dur hur hur dur lol hurrrrrrrrr

[@AlMuqaddimahYT]

Can't find unique photos for the Abbasid era, man.

[@vypa-bk1iy]

@@AlMuqaddimahYT understandable but for all of your other videos and the future videos you might make , I'm sure you can find some new photos to incorporate. Also now with all the ai art generators and such it might be fun to experiment with those a little as well, I've seen a lot of videos on tiktok where they have animated old grandpa's telling islamic stories and using ai generated animated art in the background as well. I'm just throwing some ideas out there.

[@ZombieCast115]

Hello. I am zaydi. Every single youtuber, every single one, portrays the zaydis as an imami group who supported Imam Zayd (AS) and his descendants. Literally so many people on that graph are zaydi imams. Imam Ali al-Rida (AS) is a Zaydi Imam. Every single youtuber thinks it is so convenient and easy to put the zaydis on the same graph with the imami groups, it gives the false impression we somehow preferred one line of imams, when literally the whole premise of zaydism is not doing that. I hope for the day when literally any non-zaydi online will even attempt to portray the group accurately.

[@beepboop204]

can you gimme a link so i can educate myself?

[@theokra]

Hi, the reason for this may be that there are many Zaydi splinter groups where the mainstream has changed throughout history. We know that originally Zaydis support the revolt of Zayd bin Ali while the rest of the Shia rejected this (hence the derogatory name "rafidi" meaning "rejector"). Who you follow after this depends on which Zaydi community you are from. The main Yemeni line followed Yahya bin Zayd, then Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, while other groups had other lines. Later Zaydi groups differed on many things, such as the concept of "nass imamate" which most Zaydis reject, but Jarudiyya Zaydis affirmed. Then we have Sulaymaniyya Zaydis who believe that Imamate should be entirely elected, and accepted Abu Bakr and Umar as incorrect but not sinful. In modern times we have the Houthis who are much more Twelver-aligned and thus many of them accept the 12 Imams too. Theres a lot of variety which is why Zaydis are more difficult to pinpoint.

[@beepboop204]

@@theokra thank you for this remarkably reasonable and informative post

[@AlMuqaddimahYT]

Well, here I only went through a basic overview so I couldn't include all imams. Of course, the Zaydis themselves split into various branches with their own lines of imams and that would be too complicated to get into here. In the future, I'll look into making a video about the Shia imams.

[@beepboop204]

@@AlMuqaddimahYT gave you some dollars on patreon, least i can do. you make very important content! i always look forward to your content, you make me interested in subjects i would never have even been able to conceive beforehand. i appreciate this.

[@robertmitchell8630]

Maharaja Modi ji is the greatest caliphate history of Islam Two hundred million Muslims Sunni Shia of all sects all tolerating each other and living in peace Not even the Allah's apostle himself would be able to accomplish this Everywhere else it Muslims fighting Muslims

[@robertmitchell8630]

@drooman kaas Likewise one of the best thing for the believers was dismantling the ottaman caliphate liberated the Muslims By creating independent sovergnity the western powers can keep the believers inside the fold of humanity ,dragged then out of the pre medieval mind set, by setting up the modern progressive state of Israel smack in the middle is a great 👍 enforcer If the Mughal did all this great things, wonder why central Asia, Afghanistan Pakistan Yemen Somalia Syria lybia Balochistan etc are in daily self mutilations Suicide bmbed mosque in preshswar? Police head quarters attacked Karachi ? ISIS v Tiber Taliban of Pakistan v Islamic Pakistan army v Afghanistan Taliban v Balochistan freedom fighters ? Who would Allah's apostle side with ? Iran Iraq war ??? Syria? Lybia? Etc 52, Islamic nations and Muslims crawling rats as refugees to the worse of the disbelievers Christian west ? Knighted Sir Salman Rushdie It's legal to burn the Q no law broken

[@robertmitchell8630]

@drooman kaas Fall down ten times stand up eleven that's power There's no power greater than the power of forgiveness What can you do to the Hindus? They forgave Allah and his apostle and the believers The plight of Hindus Christians girls in Islamic Pakistan? Minorities persecuted Right hand possession? Allah made it legal Hindu women chose to walk into the Fire 🔥 rather than be captured and made into sxx slaves like saffyia javeria Maryam etc Hashtag # Justice ⚖️ for saffyia javeria Maryam and others Sikh Guru Ajan Dev and Guru Tegh Bahadur chose to take death and torture rather than the shahada How do you defeat a people like that ??? You can't Honour thy mother and father so thy days shall be long and prosperous upon upon the earth Christian Bible Afghanistan Pakistan former Hindu Buddhist?? A man who murders his own parents can wander throughout the world and would never find peace and goodwill Pakistanis afghans Bangladeshi The converted peoples non Arab Muslims can't read not write nor speak the language of Allah apostle There's no lasting power in EVIL Universal law, execution of apostates???

[@robertmitchell8630]

@drooman kaas HALO EFFECT OR LACK THEREOF Allah's apostle lack the Halo effect , the spiritual magnetism Hence the use of wars and force They prefer the Shadow to light Embrace death as more expedient to life They erroneously believe death is stronger than life They'll praise the lunatic as brave,the scoundrel would be hailed holy and the unholy God would be worshiped. Egyptian book of Hermes. Subtle energies v Gross energy Narrow restricted bandwidth V a wide expansive bandwidth

[@robertmitchell8630]

@drooman kaas All the best Those who know don't believe Those who believe don't know Well it seems Islam is self destructing self mutilating Kabul to Karachi Mecca to Marrakesh A snake eating its own tail Unprovoked invasions conquest forced conversions enslavement etc Violence in the name of God is really serving shaytan L

[@robertmitchell8630]

@drooman kaas Any religion that is obsessed with conversion strikes me as spiritually bankrupted strength in numbers herd mentality group think 🤔💬 Comes off like a tyrant dictator types no competition, all competitors must be conquered and destroyed

[@unbelievableHoruz]

where caliphate today

[@faisalabadpuchtahai2204]

Another amazing video bro. I always thought of Al Mu'tadid as the man who revived the Caliphate but how did he deal with the Turkic mercenaries. Surely they werent quiet on Al Mu'tadid's consolidation of Abbasid territories.

[@user-cg2tw8pw7j]

They ruled Egypt, but he used them in the army