Basics of genetic | Gene | Locus | NMDCAT 2021

About This Video!
Hereditary characteristics pass from parents to ofspring through genes in their
gametes. Gene is the basic unit of biological information. In fact DNA stores all sorts of
biological information coded in the sequence of its bases in a linear order, and genes
are actually parts of DNA comprising its base sequences. The position of a gene on the
chromosome is called its locus.
Genes are responsible for producing startling inherited resemblences as well as
distinctive variations among generations. When these pass in the form of intact
parental combination between generations, inherited similarities are conserved; but
when these shule, mutate or juggle with each other, variations emerge. Genes form
pairs on pairs of homologous chromosomes. One member of a gene pair is located on
one homologue, and the other member on the other homologue. Partners of a gene
pair are called alleles. Each allele of a gene pair occupies the same gene locus on its
respective homologue. Both alleles on one locus may be identical, or diferent from
each other.
Phenotype is the form of appearance of a trait. Genotype is the genetic complement
i.e., the genes in an individual for a particular trait. A lower may be red or white in
colour. Flower colour is a trait and red and white are its two phenotypes. Each form
of expression is determined-by a diferent allele of the colour gene. Allele “R” is the
determiner for redness, while “r” is the determiner for whiteness
GENE POOL
Any group of interbreeding organisms of the same species that exist together in
both time and space is called a population. All the genes/alleles found in a breeding
population at a given time are collectively called the gene pool. It is the total genetic
information encoded in the total genes in a breeding population existing at a given
time.
Complete Dominance
When one allele (R) is completely dominant over the other (r), presence of the recessive
allele is functionally hidden, so the heterozygote (Rr) has the same round phenotype
as (RR) homozygote.
The contrasting pairs of alleles for all the seven characters chosen by Mendel showed
complete dominance. After Mendel, further breeding experiments were carried out
on diferent plants and animals. Many novel phenotypes and phenotypic rat tios were
observed that could not be explained on the basis of complete dominance.
Codominance

The phenotype of heterozygote is distinct in quality from those of the two homozygotes.
It is not an intermediate quantitative expression like incomplete dominance. Each allele
of the gene pair is associated with a diferent substance, e.g.,

Codominance occurs when both the alleless express independently in heterozygote;
(A|A2) and form their respective products X and Y. The codominant heterozygote
would have both substances at the same time.
Diferent alleles of a gene that are both expressed in a heterozygous condition are
called codominant.
MULTIPLE ALLELES

Gene mutations may produce many diferent alleles of a gene. Some genes may have
as many as 300 alleles. All such altered alternative forms of a gene, whose number
is more than two, are called multiple alleles. Any two of these multiple alleles can be
present in the genome of a diploid organism, but a haploid organism or a gamete can
have just one of them in its genome
Gene linkage is a physical relationship between genes. A chromosome carries
its linked genes en bloc in the form of a linkage group. The number of linkage groups
corresponds to the number of homologous pairs of chromosomes. Man has 23 linkage
groups. Genes for colour blindness, haemophilia, gout etc form one linkage group on
human X - chromosome.

[@learningpoint2755]

Sir you are awesome! After taking this lecture I thought you are the one who proposed laws of genetics not Mendel you are great sir! Outstanding no words supererb!!!!

[@SajjadKhanbaloch311]

It's a very informative lecture for me am a genetics student but never I cannot understand some terms but you tell us briefly... thanks

[@inspirit..9814]

Very good explanation 👍👍sir.. i belongs to my india and respect every religion and country.. It is fight b/w armies and big leaderships about boundaries.... We, today also bhai -bhai ( brotherhood) we should forget about past evils by which today there is old entmity b/w Pakistan and india... We people of india and Pakistan never meet one another..so We people of india and Pakistan never do wrong with each other it is the evil of leaders that's why today ... .. I accept that your ancestors seldom felt inferiorness as i read in history book of class X but every country has bad people and good people also.... I today studying with classmate who is Muslim but she live happily here no discrimination......... Let fight them who fight but when we talk on any media we should be kind and behave brotherly.... Dont forget we are the people of god When we meet by chance Pakistani or Indian we must repect each other🙏🙏

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[@shahidjamali1582]

Very well explained sir . Love and respect from Pakistan❤

[@dreamias_challenge....4904]

Thank u very much sir💖🙏genetics k terminology ko itna easy se samjha ne kelia..nyc teaching💖💖

[@fajarqureshi6296]

sir you are best mdcat teacher. thank you so much

[@kritikachoudhary1216]

Very nice class sir, I m from india

[@parthivpatel6700]

Very good explanation of basics 👍👍👍

[@ALIACADEMYAR7]

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[@samsyy-601]

i normally don't comment on study videos unless i have a question but this time i had a worst panic attack because my syllabus is not still finished and exam dates are near. watching this video really helped me calm down and study. this video literally helped me study A level biology. Thank youu from Nepal

[@ALIACADEMYAR7]

Thanks 👍

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Concept crystal clear Allhumdulilah thank you so much sir.

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Very informative.... 😇

[@hajrakhan1638]

Best Explaination 💕

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It's really superb

[@sangeetadash102]

Thankyou so much sir .. Crystal clear

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[@seelurani8705]

Amazing explanation sir

[@krishnatomar5944]

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[@ALIACADEMYAR7]

Kinemaster

[@mominasaeed5296]

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[@rishika9699]

Thank you so much sir💐💐🙏

[@bushokhan8998]

Sir paper Mai hm Kya likhay?there are 23 linkage groups or 23 pairs of linkage groups??? reply me plz sir

[@umme-ruman.305]

Your way of giving lecture is the best ones.. Is it possible for you to upload the comprehensive lectures on Multiple Alleles, lethality and lethal genes

[@ahmadzain2504]

sir can we prepare biology mdcat 2022 from your lectures because they are very short?

[@NZ-yk1lc]

Sir ak question tha ak gene ka ak hi allele ho ga????

[@rizwansaleem6416]

No every gene has two alleles. For example when we talk about the trait of hair colour so hair colour is a kind of gene and the red and black probability of its phenotype is its allele dependence.

[@jaigurudeva1084]

thank you sir

[@muhammadjibran3942]

Good

[@tricker5656]

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[@saqlainnawaz7222]

sir jitne allele hote hain utne hi gene hote hain ak chromosome per?

[@ALIACADEMYAR7]

Allele pair ki form me hota. Is lye ek gene k allele different ratio me hoty ha.. Gesa k kuch multiple allele bh gene rkhta it means allele no vary kerta ha

[@fakharjaved.]

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???

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👍