A Historical Perspective on the Gaza war | On The Record

In this episode of On The Record, Al Jazeera presenter, Samantha Johnson, is joined by Eugene Rogan, professor of modern Middle Eastern history, and a fellow at St. Antony’s College, Oxford. Rogan is an expert in the history of Israel and Palestine, and has authored several books, including the critically acclaimed, The Arabs: A History.
In their conversation, Rogan highlights the precursors to the current war on Gaza, and how the politics of the past and those ahead, could facilitate an end to the oppression of Palestinians, and lay the foundations for their statehood, as well as for peace in the region.
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[@Mur76ad70]

Freedom for Palestine and Gaza

[@Spacerecord-yv5oz]

@@sanvirel6182so the Bible says oppress and steal?

[@treefrog3349]

The "war" in Gaza is such a geo-political and sociological aberration that it SHOULD scare the bejeezus out of us all. Both Gaza AND Ukraine were totally avoidable, unnecessary eruptions of greed and stupidity. Our apparent human "inability" to peacefully resolve such type of differences, bodes ill for humanity itself.

[@sama1852]

Eugene Rogan fails to explain the most important issue when it comes to reaching political settlement - and that is the US. Despite rhetorically calling for a two-state solution, the US, under successive administrations, has obstructed this. For example, the US has vetoed calling the settlements illegal at the UN.

[@jr1833]

its not an aberration; it is just empire

[@GungaLaGunga]

Yep. failed leadership and diplomacy on all sides. Decades of it.

[@JC-mn7qg]

“It’s up to Israel to treat those under occupation according to international law” really? He didn’t think to say that Isreal should stop occupying Palestine?

[@nesseq]

But he did. He is advocating for a Palestinian state. This would be the end of the occupation.

[@BuildNumber42]

intermarriage and secularization are the answer the the problem in Palestine

[@YourMajesty143]

​@@BuildNumber42- This is one of the most out-of-touch responses on the subject I have ever seen.

[@DanielGolding1337]

Security for everybody is necessary. Would you suggest ignoring routine terrorist attacks, which is the guaranteed result of one-sided ending 'occupation'. Or are you suggesting ethnic cleansing of Israeli Jews? Or are you suggesting ending the occupation under the conditions of peace? (To be clear, that already was Israeli stance)

[@nesseq]

This is Israels stance? By building Settlements in the area where the Palestinian state is supposed to be​@@DanielGolding1337

[@jovenibarra]

This interview is something for both Palestinians and Israelis to watch. Professor Rogan brings a lot of light on the issue of Palestine and Israel. Thank you.

[@ChrisAlbertH47]

This was one of the most concise yet effective explanation of the issues and potential solution I've seen in a while. This speaker really knows his stuff.

[@aliali-bk1ep]

Free.palestine

[@reganjo1955]

I never heard of Eugene Rogan. Very sensible man states it quite succinctly. I’m gonna check out his books on the Middle East and the Ottoman Empire.

[@Eireannach23]

He's Irish American ☘

[@JC-mn7qg]

I wouldn’t attach Irishness to this man. He’s American.

[@reganjo1955]

@@JC-mn7qgwe Irish Americans beg to differ😊

[@JC-mn7qg]

Ths is the dumbed downed version for the uninformed with lots of omissions.

[@richardkhalife]

When I heard the historian say that "Biden has been a great president"...! It just put the rest of his discourse in great doubt.

[@moedani1043]

He even says that the majority Palestinians should accept 22% of the land lol

[@__-nd5qi]

@@moedani1043I assume that he’s accounting for the several wars the Palestines lost to the Israelites over the past few decades

[@moedani1043]

@@__-nd5qi ok so it's time they can go back right?

[@__-nd5qi]

@@moedani1043 not many wars end with the winner giving up land the won I’m certain you can find a few where that does happen but generally no that’s not how wars work

[@moedani1043]

@@__-nd5qi did you know Algeria had to give 1.5 million people before it was librated from the French? It's not cheap but but it never stays with the colonizer

[@yvonnejoseph4841]

H😢ow is 22% to 78% division of land that was originally theirs for populations of the same size fair to the Palesrtinians...the land should simply be divided in half.

[@davidkellers8152]

Who are the "Palestinians" and who are the Jews? What point in time do you want to talk about? What religion are you?

[@constantineblyuz5786]

"Palestinians" are not even mentioned i nthe resolution. This made-up nation was created in the 1960s.

[@user-dd2ew4fr8s]

​@@davidkellers8152 The state of Israel was created for EUROPEAN Jews as a homeland in 1948, after WW2 by the British ....who couldnt care less that the land was already populated. Yet another atrocity caued by the Great British Empire.

[@__-nd5qi]

Because they lost every war did you not know that?

[@YourMajesty143]

​@@__-nd5qi- The wars of 48 and 67 were regional wars that had nothing to do with Palestinians as a people, and everything to do with bordering countries wishing to fight for a stake in the land. Also, land acquisition cannot be won during war, this is deemed Annexation and is illegal under international law. "The prohibition on territorial conquest is a cornerstone of the international legal order. The United Nations Charter bans the use or threat of force as a tool of international relations, even when used to rectify prior injustices." This is why occupation is considered illegal and why Isræl is constantly in contempt of the law for breaking it.

[@marydinnage609]

Thank you for telling the truth free free Palestine 🇵🇸 free Palestine 🇵🇸 free Palestine 🇵🇸

[@jchung5265]

Good to know more history, the declining empire will not be happy with this!

[@bulentosmane]

1200 people killed how many were killed by the Israeli soldiers (Haninal Directive) stop making this out as though Hamas killed 1200 people are objective was to take hostages, not kill people. Check out the Greyzone and Max Blumenthal who do a much better job of explaining this then I

[@noellealexander9991]

90% of the israeli civilians were killed by their Apache helicopter and the IDF and their tank shells

[@AdolfsGirl]

free Palestine

[@veronicascott313]

What he didn't say was that Palestine was there, it was their land to begin with and after the Zionism movement decided they could not get their first choice for a home for their nomadic people they took Palestine by force.

[@whitedogman1]

Thank you for this historical perspective on the area. Palestine must be free from the River to the Sea.

[@1112viggo]

Its a funny statement considering that for the vast majority its long history Palestine have been occupied by a foreign power. Just of the top of my head; Greek, Roman, Persian, Sassanian, Mameluke, Ottoman, British, Egyptian, Hittite, Umayyad, Seleucid and the freaking crusaders. Everyone has some kind of a historic claim, its ridiculous. They should just make it a world heritage site with UN peacekeepers. If the world can´t agree who owns it, its probably best if no one does.

[@nsatoday]

58% was freed in 1920 as the state of Jordan. In 1948 the rest was going to but unfortunately, The Arabs started a war. And again in 67, and 73. Problems of their own making, just like the response to what the did on October 7

[@annfrancis6287]

What date did Israel decide to declare itself a state and begin to massacre the Palestinians at Dier Yassin, and what date did the Arabs object to Israeli expecting Palestinians to move out or die so Israel can have thier land ???

[@nsatoday]

@@annfrancis6287 the Arabs rejected a state in 1947. The War the Arabs started was the day after independence. Also, 21 Jewish communities were raided and destroyed in 1936-1939. Der Yassin was after Israel declared independence, and was invaded by 5 or 6 Arab armies. So, again, problems made by the Arabs.

[@MrBagpipes]

​@@nsatodayIsrael started the war in 1967 when it attacked Egypt. Just like in 1956 when it teamed up with France and Britain to do the same. Funny though watching someone trying to make out that Israel is some passive victim.

[@mahroof8730]

Mame,,hi,,just want to say that plan for palastine and Israel began before the first world war ,, now it's time for Israelis to quit palastine 🇵🇸 not their Land,,only palastine 🇵🇸

[@muhammadabid6721]

Thanks for adding subtitles....!!

[@victoriadizon9979]

Great conversation, and insights..wide viewpoint and flexibility on what Palestinians can expect under present political circumstances. They must take events into their own hands, Palestinian leaders and personalities must be prepared to step in to the conversation soonest to make their aspirations and solutions known.

[@rachaelik]

The Israelis should release Omar Barghouti from prison. He is the founder of the BDS campaign. Israel decided that calling for boycotts is violent.

[@farisal-sayed172]

Yes and importantly this lazy and disingenuous two-state paradigm must be broken by a revitalised, unified, Palestinian liberation movement that strives for the realisation of self-determination and right of return. I think we’re moving in the direction where, eventually, the world will turn to what the Palestinians want - when that happens we can’t settle for a mere two state solution that is fundamentally unjust

[@MushtaqAhmad-jg3bn]

People's made money sales wapan they should pay to rebuild Gaza

[@moedani1043]

The only resolution to this is one state with equil rights for everyone

[@sapphirebarnett8616]

Not just part of the problem, all of the problem!!!!

[@leedavis6000]

Really interesting. Very informative.

[@NajhanJamil]

What hope do you have for a US president who claimed that he is a zionist? And another candidate who could care less about women children and old people being slaughtered on daily basis..?

[@user-cs8zc6gf6t]

Awesome reality check , THANK YOU!

[@JC-mn7qg]

Colonisation not mentioned once. Expressed as a conflict. “Biden has been a very good president in many ways” - and the genocide? Didn’t like this.

[@susynne2124]

you needed to listen to the whole sentence, and the one following it

[@sherazAsghar]

Insightful

[@viceroy4759]

Amazing analysis

[@user-xg8pn2wj8r]

Thanks for

[@jessicamarkham-brink6009]

No Justice, No Peace

[@Waleed71488]

More than 106 days since the genocide in Gaza before the eyes of the world 🇵🇸💔 Stand for freedom, advocate for justice. Free Palestine, Stop Genocide. 🇵🇸✊

[@jiffryjaufer7097]

Is there any possibility to send thos program to every ones watsup in Israelis and the whole world?

[@Pou1gie1]

The presenter looked like Beyoncé in the thumbnail. I was like, "Really, Beyoncé is speaking on this issue!?!"

[@zanealam3159]

In the course of time Israeli colony imported large numbers of European Jews to change the demography of Palestine.

[@user-ki7cu6ob5c]

the beginning is when an ideology appears that holds that those who do not convert must submit to it

[@jgcelliott1]

A great part of the reason that people might say that everything started on Oct. 7, is that they are done excusing terrorism, and done trying to unwind the history of the whole thing. We need to move forward, not continue to look backward. This conversation needs to end, period. .

[@rodcamp4472]

The Jews were not all kicked out of Israel. About 20% of people in Israel remained Jewish even after most were kicked out by the Arabs, Romans and Turks. They didn't 'make' a Jewish homeland, they acknowledged it.

[@goldenhourg]

Samantha Johnson is so beautiful!!

[@jfryer485]

And acts as n interviewer and not a participant in the struggles

[@nsatoday]

Forgot that 58% of the mandate was made into an Arab state Jordan.

[@zombiehampster1397]

Well said on Mr. Rogan's part, he summed it up quite well and I am in full agreement regarding the solution and how the cycle needs to break. It needs to happen, otherwise we will just have more violence until one side is completelywiped off the earth. And it should never come to that.

[@Urm0mz]

In an age of information access, not understanding the history of a place is just laziness

[@c.kainoabugado7935]

💯

[@Sungrowntrichome13]

Joe Rogans Sister

[@ruthantiaobong3502]

6:01 i f**k with this dude. Facts.

[@diopmamad]

A thief who gets to keep 78% of his stolen goods, maybe I need to change profession. Seems like thieving is quite lucrative

[@user-pg5bj8wh9l]

Don't wary dear sir no one power full in this world one and one power full only god Allah one day will win enocent people

[@AdolfsGirl]

allah and all religions are Fairy tales

[@khamisawaida5826]

American politics and competition among political parties and the relision idiology of most are making it hard to solve the problem.

[@TheSeventhAcaba]

Atleast we free of all those who count themselves for something

[@nsatoday]

And don’t forget 635-638AD either

[@nsatoday]

Egypt was a main part of the armies in 1948. They occupied Gaza from 48-67. So yeah, they have some responsibilities there

[@winterwalsh5601]

i feel this guy refuses to admit that this conflict hasnt been solved because of ABSOLUTE BIAS in the media, because of the USA and primarily because Israel DOES NOT WANT THE UN AGREED BORDERS. they took it saying we will take it now because its what we can get right now, but we will take it all.

[@DanielGolding1337]

"The conflict goes back to 1948.". Nope. It's thousands of years old. "There shouldn't be a 2 state solution. And there should be a Palestinian state." Just say the quiet part out loud. "It will stop when America says stop" It will stop as soon as peace is possible. As soon as the threats and terrorism end, peace happens. Al Jazeera you should hold yourself to a higher standard.

[@mahatabdiabdullahi5527]

As long as the creators of the problem ( Uk,and US) are the judges there is no solution for the plight of the Palestinians. When US and UK are out of the stage, that will be when the world will get peace.

[@nsatoday]

Defund UNRWA.

[@jessicamarkham-brink6009]

The only resolution isreal ever acted on...resolution 181?

[@Tophet1]

He is talking of western attitudes to another's problem. There is no solution. It's a conflict till the end.

[@user-pg5bj8wh9l]

What a sheam full it's Israel PM America and many more people. ,say 7 actobar 7 actobar 7 actobar and what about palestine enocent people children so many mothers father old man and distorted houses hospital school charch masq who it's true Israel PM and Israel soldier and Israel saporter both of international criminal world people want justice world is a not blaind

[@SumKnight-iw4rw]

Seen this story told many different ways. Not interested in a history class. The war started Oct 7th. The only way to solve it is a one state solution.

[@unreliablenarrator6649]

Modest Proposal: UN peacekeeping mission in Gaza to protect Palestinians and Israelis from each other and an international initiative to rebuild Gaza into a habitable, modern state. This requires Israel to comply with UN resolutions ordering it out of Palestinian lands, probably with a negotiated re-partition of the West Bank.

[@wolfetone2012]

Israel shall never accept it

[@jophoenix3919]

" You must understand the leading Bolsheviks who took over Russia were not Russian. They hated Russians. They hated Christians. Driven by ethnic hatred they tortured and slaughtered millions of Russians without a shred of human remorse It cannot be overstated Bolshevism committed the greatest human slaughter of all time. The fact that most of the world is ignorant and uncaring about this enormous crime is proof that the global media is in the hands of the perpetrators," Alexander Solzhenitsyn Novel Prize winniner

[@debashishdas3492]

Britain created Pakistan within India In same way Israel created within Palestine Two conflict zone 😢😢😢

[@Hamzakhannepali]

Way not. Al Jazeera. Urdu news

[@samsunnahar9175]

PALESTINIANS HAVE RIGHT TO LIVE IN THEIR HOMELAND, PALESTINE 🇵🇸 WITH SAFETY AND DIGNITY, BUT THEY CAN NOT, SO PALESTINIANS HAVE RESPONSIBILITIES TO RESIST AGAINST OCCUPATION, OPPRESSION AND APERTHEID WHICH HAVE BEEN CONTINUING FROM 1948.NEKBA.

[@NajhanJamil]

Unfortunately israel do want its border to be limited, so does US ..they are eying up to saudi and Jordan..so how do you solve that?

[@fionaowen5164]

'city of Salem Jebus jebsuites Canaanites palastinians jebsuites there before Israel king David attacked

[@MushtaqAhmad-jg3bn]

Free the Palestine 🇵🇸 people's lives with peace with Israel 🇮🇱

[@Asad-2166]

Not with Zionist! Get your facts right!

[@aliali-bk1ep]

Esarail.tararisat and Jio.bedin.tararesat

[@LiveLifeWithLove]

Iran's sovereignty is under attack from Pakistan. The recent barrage of missiles from Pakistan shows that it perceives the rise of Iran as a threat. It will be interesting whether Iran will stand for its sovereignty or bow under Pakistani pressures

[@Asad-2166]

No it's not! They have come to mutual understanding! Your comment is not up to date🤷‍♂️🤫🇬🇧🇧🇩

[@bulentosmane]

This is incorrect. The targets hit were mutual enemies of Pakistan and Iran. It’s worth checking out the governmental threads between Iran and Pakistan.

[@c.kainoabugado7935]

First reply is correct. Political news in middle east is they came to an agreement over border antagonist. Western media loves to make propaganda excuses for their political benefit & reasons to attack Iran. USA wants a war with Iran, but USA belongs in USA not in foreign territory orchestrating military & naval operations, not really defending its own borders. USA likes using its military for facilitating and protecting commerce agreements not its country's defense.

[@bobburns7277]

He desperately wanted but couldn't say Israel is a dishonest partner that doesn't want piece as they are only focused on taking Palestinian land

[@forlatagate1]

Israel belongs to the 12 tribes of Israel, not Jewish or Palestinians

[@TheSeventhAcaba]

Coni, too big a mouthfull for yal, eh

[@yonahalevi8897]

This guy doesn't know history. Why doesn't he mention that the "historic land of Palestine" includes what is now Jordan? Historian with dementia

[@veronicascott313]

Listening to this liar made my stomach turn.

[@betgovrin]

No excuse for what you did on 07.10.23, and this war have nothing to do with with the Palestinian people, it's about Iran, the Iranian regime behind Hamas Hezbollah and the houthis, Iran telling when and how, just like the American telling Israel.

[@Friedfish-zm7fx]

An interesting questionnaire for Anti-Israel fanbois: If you are so sure that "Palestine, the country, goes back through most of recorded history," I expect you to be able to answer a few basic questions about that country of Palestine: 1. When was it founded and by whom? 2. What were its borders? 3. What was its capital? 4. What were its major cities? 5. What constituted the basis of its economy? 6. What was its form of government? 7. Can you name at least one Palestinian leader before Arafat? 8. Was Palestine ever recognized by a country whose existence, at that time or now, leaves no room for interpretation? 9. What was the language of the country of Palestine ? 10. What was the prevalent religion of the country of Palestine ? 11. What was the name of its currency? Choose any date in history and tell what was the approximate exchange rate of the Palestinian monetary unit against the US dollar, German mark, GB pound, Japanese yen, or Chinese Yuan on that date. 12. And, finally, since there is no such country today, what caused its demise and when did it occur? You are lamenting the "low sinking" of a "once proud" nation. Please tell me, when exactly was that "nation" proud and what was it so proud of? And here is the least sarcastic question of all: If the people you mistakenly call "Palestinians" are anything but generic Arabs collected from all over -- or thrown out of -- the Arab world, if they really have a genuine ethnic identity that gives them right for self-determination, why did they never try to become independent until Arabs suffered their devastating defeat in the Six Day War? What historical evidence (Historians, documents, religious texts, etc.,) supports the claim that "Palestinians" owned and lived in Israel since time immemorial?

[@Uncanny_Mountain]

The people vs their govts, for we wage war not amongst ourselves but with Princes and Principalities, and we have only one King, and there is only One God. This is why we must call for Direct Digital Democracy without Parties nor Politicians. And Now! Citizen initiated referendums with thresholds and a social contract means Communities can vote their own laws. As well as a Public Authority to audit police and prosecute bad actors in our own courts. It means we can Nationalise resources and give Indigenous peoples the right of Sovereignty over them as Guardians. This can be achieved through a General Strike or Velvet Revolution, much like the Occupy movement, peacefully occupying State Buildings until a People's Mandate can be implemented. With the appropriate checks and balances, you could have a national digital forum where qualified professionals can debate the issues in a public setting without all the disinformation and bad faith antics, hatespeech etc. Any vote would need to pass the 70% threshold, with a veto or _rewrite_ vote needing 30%. The issues would be debated, the public educated, and then a vote taken. Votes that fail will have to wait a year before trying again. Any new proposal (Citizen Initiated Referendum) would have to reach a threshold of support before it made it onto the register. This would all be subject to a Social Contract (New Constitution) that forbids human rights abuses and discrimination, that can be written in the same manner based on the core principles we all share. Councils and Boards could operate in a similar fashion at Scale. It works in a way that obligates people to better educate themselves ( that is to use logic and evidence in their reasoning ) for a better understanding of the issues, and then take collective responsibility for the outcomes. As opposed to the divisive US v them scapegoating and bi-partisan finger pointing the current Capitalist Pyramid Scheme runs on. Thorium energy renders the global oil monopoly obsolete An average person's lifetime's worth of energy with Thorium energy would cost just $100 It is safer, cleaner, and cheaper, allowing for desalination and carbon sequestration. It also can process toxic and nuclear wastes and in return produces the most effective cancer treatment known to man. In the case of a complete failure the liquid salt cools into a container and then solidifies, it will be low level radioactive for 300 years, as opposed to extremely radioactive for 25k years. Thorium produce grams to the tonne in comparison to Conventional Reactors. It's compact elements don't require a pressure containment like with conventional reactors and so can be transported to remote communities who would be able to process their own waste for energy. There is enough Thorium already mined for us to power the economy for another 1000yrs. It can also be used to power Hydrogen converters for carbon free combustion engines. It's the only technology that could scale to provide effective carbon sequestration. The cost is also a tiny fraction of current models. It also can't be weaponised. Thorium energy is our only hope to survive Climate Change Copy and share, make Oct 14 an annual event to occupy our govts without slogans or shouting, and only a flag of Peace, and let the children walk in front.

[@therealawakener7]

This guy knows naff all about it. The history of this feud goes back to Abraham, his wife Sarah, their Egyptian maid servant Hagar and the basyard son of Abraham and Hagar called Ishmael. The old dude thats going to sort all this out is Jesus when he returns in his glory and all sides acepts Jesus Christ as their Messiah. End of, PERIOD! 🙏🏼 "COME LORD JESUS, COME SOON!"

[@mkgaleone]

Why should Palestinians only get 22% and Israel over 70% ? Not understanding his reasoning or why again Palestinians have to submit to the occupier...The end of the occupation and Palestinians getting their freedom and liberation might be the best answer to stopping the violence...hmmmm