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Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan, jo Umayyad dynasty ke pehle khaleefa the, unka dor (661-680 CE) kuch logon ke liye ek ahem aur tasfiyah ke dor ke tor par dekha jata hai, jabki doosre log uske dor mein kuch kharabiyaan bhi dekhte hain. Unke dor ki kuch kharabiyaan ya tanqeed ye hain:
Fasad aur Fitnah ka Barhna: Muawiya ne apne doston aur dushmanon ke beech ikhtilaf ko barhaya, jise unke khilaf revolutions aur fitnah ke dor ka sabab mana jata hai. Sab se bada fitnah "Siffin" ka jang tha, jisme Ali ibn Abi Talib aur Muawiya ke darmiyan jang hui thi. Ye jang aur uska usool (Tahkeem) Islam mein ikhtilaf ka sabab bane.
Khilafat ki Nasabi Taqseem: Muawiya ne apni khilafat ko apne khandan mein virasat ke tor par muqam de diya, jo pehle se chalti rahi electable khilafat ke usool ke khilaf tha. Isse Umayyad dynasty ko ek heredi aur nasabi khilafat ka rang mila, jo Islam ke usoolon se thoda hatke tha.
Fikr aur Aqliyat ka Dabaav: Muawiya ne apne hukoomat mein un logon ko apnaya jo uski support karte the, aur unhe dushmanon aur aqliyat ko control karne ke liye darja diya. Aise mein, faislay jo sirf apne personal maqasid ke liye kiye gaye, Islam ki asli taleemat aur usoolon ko nafrat ka shikar banate the.
Maliyat aur Taxation: Muawiya ke dor mein, kuch ilaqon mein tax ka burden bhut barh gaya tha, jo aam logon ke liye mushkilat ka sabab bana. Iske alawa, unki administration mein nepotism aur corruption bhi dekhi gayi thi.
Ali ke dosto ki daawat: Muawiya ne Ali ke doston aur supporters ke khilaf kuch badalav kiye, jese ke, unhe apne positions se hata diya ya unke liye mushkilat khadi kar di.
Yeh sab chizain unke dor ko kuch logon ke liye manfi taur par dekhte hain. Lekin kuch log unke dor ko ek ahem aur mazboot hukoomat ke tor par bhi samajhte hain, jisme unhone Umayyad khilafat ko establish kiya aur unka daulat aur taqat ka daur bhi tha.