Ancient Ghost Universes & Conformal Cyclic Cosmology

[@Blate1]

Issac is such a baller. The universe was like “alright your critical weekness is that you have a speech impediment, but there’s plenty of other things you can-“ “Nope, screw you, I’m going to talk for a living.” Straight up G

[@arcadiaberger9204]

Truth.

[@DoctorMandible]

At least there's no hard to pronounce words involved

[@beskamir5977]

I thought the exact same thing when he reminded us about his speech impediment at the start of the video. Just of all the things he could have done, making youtube videos (where good audio is probably the most important factor to getting noticed/popular) was probably one of the most challenging options. That he's successful to the point where I forgot that he's got a speech impediment, really just goes to show how insanely skilled and persistent Isaac must be.

[@arcadiaberger9204]

@@beskamir5977 I also still haven't gotten over the fact that his parents really did name him "Isaac Arthur", that he didn't choose it as a pseudonym in honor of Clarke and Asimov.

[@ecogreen123]

absolute chad W

[@therenaissanceman8392]

Me: Taking a break from my Calculus 2 homework to relax and watch KZbin. Isaac Arthur: Imagine a conformal map that is a curved sheet of grid paper.

[@Hambie76]

Hahaha, right!?

[@TRFan26]

That’s rather derivative.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

I was trying not to put much of the math in their but I figured I at least had to tell people what conformal meant. :) Good luck on Calc 2, I remember it as the class that made me finally abandon using pen for doing math in favor of a mechanical pencil, for all the erasing I had to do

[@bluekoi455]

This kinda stuff warps my mind, my sympathies to the calculus student

[@adamh1228]

remember those triangles! gl with calc 2.

[@sasqetshenkley1190]

I love starting my Sunday's with an invigorating cuppa infinite existential dread. ☕

[@UpliftedCapybara]

As is tradition 😅

[@quentinking4351]

And a snack

[@BigZebraCom]

This is an excellent comment. You are awarded two internets.

[@AB-ee5tb]

As long as you have your drink and a snack

[@penponds]

LOL!!

[@Arkimedus]

This discussion reminds me of a concept I recall hearing about whilst reading certain 'scp' stories called "Pattern screamers", which are entities that have survived the collapse of the previous universe via encoding their consciousness directly into reality itself, and as a result, exist as 'ghosts' within the microcosmic details of the new universe, ie; as DNA inside of a bamboo plant, or code within a specific computer file, essentially rendering them 'nonexistent' yet they still 'exist'. Very interesting concept, would be worth looking into, I believe there was a youtube video by 'the exploring series' that summarized the concept as well.

[@ASpaceOstrich]

Every time I've heard the pattern screamers mentioned its been with a completely different description. This is definitely the most intriguing one I've heard so far though. I think the first one I heard of was that they were malevolent creations of the human mind when faced with absolute nothingness where reality should be.

[@gabrote42]

WAIT that's what they were? I must have misread some part of SCP-000 or something, because I didn't get that

[@talideon]

The thing to remember is "there is no canon". One of the origins for them is that they're un-beings that are refugees from a previous iteration (hytoth) of the universe, but that's part of the whole Fiftist canon. There are other origins that claim they were stripped of their being through other mechanisms. The one thing that's shared is that they're malevolent un-beings that persist as imprints on the universe, commonly a lack/gap of some kind, who become dangerous when humanity becomes aware of them.

[@Rishi123456789]

I haven't watched the video yet, but as a Hindu, I completely agree with Roger that this universe existed before the Big Bang. According to the ancient religion of Hinduism, Brahma (the creator of this universe in Hindu mythology) created this universe 155 trillion years ago and this universe will exist for a total of 311 trillion years. And when Brahma dies, this universe will 'die' along with him. Then a new Brahma will be born who will create a new universe to take the place of the old universe. And this process continues forever, without a beginning and without an end. Hinduism also teaches that there are an infinite number of universes and each of those universes (including our own universe) experience an infinite cycle of 'births' (which you can call 'Big Bangs' in a modern scientific way) and 'deaths' (which you can call 'Big Crunches' in a modern scientific way).

[@zs9652]

Pattern Screamers are one of the most mind bending concepts in all of fiction. I don't think I have heard or read about anything like them outside of SCP Foundation. Honestly one of my favorite concepts.

[@Marcus_Postma]

I have to admit that I wasn't expecting that much from this episode, but it did a very good job of putting concepts and theories I was already aware of into better context. And of course Isaac is always worth listening to due to his soothing voice.

[@gkelly34]

Roger Penrose understands 4-dimensional space time as well if not better than any human that’s ever lived. I’ll take his word for it for now

[@seditt5146]

You don't take his word for it, that is not science. Hell, he doesn't take his own word for it. He has regularly been wrong but is still doing science correctly. He gets ideas, fleshes them out and proposes testable hypothesis. He is following a pattern most, if not all of Particle physicist right now fail to follow but then they have the nerve to criticize him without bothering to actually listen and test his hypothesis. It's a field that has been led astray by the influx of mathematicians after the Einstein era.

[@iLikeMyOwnPosts]

@@seditt5146 hell yeah brother, okay, we will do cosmology and quantum science here in our bedrooms while watching KZbin and not take the leading mind's word for it. Thank you for enlightening us.

[@maskettaman1488]

​@@seditt5146Such a dumb comment. I'm not an electrician but I will take my electrician's word about my house's wiring. I'm not trying to do electricity... that's what the electrician is for.

[@StevePlaysBanjo]

Hearing Penrose describe this idea (cycles with reverberations of gravitational waves) the first time blew my mind and it’s never recovered. Hearing you breaking it down helps make the idea seem so much more accessible.

[@EliasMheart]

I love that you start publishing these for free

[@asherstribe5695]

I honestly love Isaac’s voice. I can’t imagine hearing his voice without the impediment. I have been listening to him to long it feels right.

[@whnvr]

the sci-fi setting i've been writing for some time is set within cyclic conformal cosmology! i've been enamoured with penrose's ideas for years. past civilisations even transcend the previous aeon - going on to form a very antagonistic position over the future aeons.

[@Rishi123456789]

I haven't watched the video yet, but as a Hindu, I completely agree with Roger that this universe existed before the Big Bang. According to the ancient religion of Hinduism, Brahma (the creator of this universe in Hindu mythology) created this universe 155 trillion years ago and this universe will exist for a total of 311 trillion years. And when Brahma dies, this universe will 'die' along with him. Then a new Brahma will be born who will create a new universe to take the place of the old universe. And this process continues forever, without a beginning and without an end. Hinduism also teaches that there are an infinite number of universes and each of those universes (including our own universe) experience an infinite cycle of 'births' (which you can call 'Big Bangs' in a modern scientific way) and 'deaths' (which you can call 'Big Crunches' in a modern scientific way).

[@mizzshortie907]

I have watched all your episodes 20+ times . Still get something new each time. Thanks for all your hard work

[@DockClock-rp2ro]

I'll be honest, the speech did bother me for the first few minutes. But as the video went on, the comprehensiveness and the way you structure the video made me completely forget it was there. Your voice itself is relaxing enough, and the syntax is easy to digest for such complicated topics. I imagine plenty of people in your 790k subs experienced the same thing I just did too. Great job, man. You deserve the popularity. Looking forward to more.

[@UpliftedCapybara]

This will be great! Your cosmology episodes are some of my favorites.

[@FourthRoot]

I first had this idea around 2007. About 1 year ago, I heard about Roger Penrose's book about it, which was published in 2010. That felt pretty awesome.

[@CharlotteMEllett]

Thanks for posting this! I was wondering about this topic.

[@Mr-eo6hu]

Finally I've been waiting so long for an episode on CCC, always seemed like the most interesting end of the universe theories to me. Another great episode Isaac! 👍

[@Blindgenxgamer]

I love how deep this channel goes

[@TheEyez187]

The number of possible ways to order a pack of 52 cards is 8x10^67, which means a randomly shuffled deck has never been seen before and will never be seen again! So it's thoroughly fascinating and mind-blowing to consider the cyclical nature of the universe. I'm not sure but instead of a 52 factorial, would it be the number of planck units in the entire observed and unobserved universe done as a factorial. I remember feeling somewhat of a genius when I read about Penroses CCC, as prior to reading about it, I'd had similar thoughts myself; though not to the extent and correct detail as Penroses theory; just the concept minus the math!. I've always thought for this sort of thing you need to think beyond outside of the box, because if you're thinking outside of the box, you're still somewhat anchored to the notion of the box; if that makes sense. Lol a bit like "there is no spoon... or should that be spooniverse". Being still up at 6:15am (and only three minutes in to the video)I think it's clear you start skirt the line between genius and insanity; which makes sense sort of, as the topic is beyond the comprehension of a sane mind! I'm astounded that you think aliens might be non-existent. To think life on Earth is the only life to exist in the entirety of the universe, now, before or in the far future is mind-bending. If it can happen once, it can happen again; Earth life being that one shuffled card sequence never to come again! Edit: Ha great minds 22:20 - you making the cards analogy! :D

[@TheEyez187]

I've sometimes wondered whether the seeming dark -energy- matter is just something like a gravitationally caused imprint in the fabric of space/time as it were.. was. Mass collecting the indent like a pencil shading over a stencil?!? If time or mass are no longer a thing then there's also no distance; "everything"'s no where and no when; oblivion and singularity would flip and then......... lost my train of thought! Bed ... after the rest of this video! >XD

[@spidalack]

As always, something to get my brain firing on all neurons. Love your content and how you deliver it. Long live Isaac Arthur!

[@nile6076]

sounds like you should see a doctor about that!

[@camron317]

One of my favorite episodes yet! Great job Issac.

[@seditt5146]

I know over the years you have tried to stray away from hard maths for obvious reasons of greater reach but not gonna lie, the old videos which consisted of formulas presented in entertaining fashion is one of the things that drew me towards the channel so long ago. Surely some formulas scattered here and there when discussing many topics wont scare most people away while desensitizing them to fearing such equations.

[@randallkoskubar2303]

I barely scraped my way through high School algebra 20 years ago. I have a very basic grasp of the basics of math. Every time he puts up a formula, he may as well be putting up a sentence written in Chinese. But then he goes on to explain the basics of how it works, and walk through the equation, and it does not matter that I never learned ancient Greek, I can still get the picture as whole. So, I agree. Let's see some more equations. It's science and futurism, and we are not going to get there without the math, so we may as well show our work for the people in the back.

[@samhaines8228]

the scripts you create, the ideas you convey, wonderful videos~ I enjoy your speaking style it is distinctive and somehow inviting. sincere and personable.

[@matthewgordon3281]

I'm amazed at your ability to explain really difficult things in a way that actually makes sense to me. Thank you.

[@charlestownsend9280]

When it comes to big bangs within a universe, you also have the false vacuum state idea, where the singularity moved to another vacuum state and started expanding, with the possibility that an area of our universe could move into a different vacuum state (if we're not in a true vacuum state) and that would expand and consume our universe, with each state having different laws and constants. In that model you'd have something like a bubbly multiverse of various vacuum states, some with other bubbles inside them. I'm not sure how plausible it is but the part talking about big bangs within the universe post big bang reminded me of the science video i watched on false vacuum states and how our universe might be I one.

[@ourcommonancestry6025]

I am watching this because the title is so eclectic that i had to see what was being said. and as always, you hit a home run.

[@cambone2800]

Great video, as always. Also, Cell to Singularity gives us bite-size information in an evolutionary tree format. Relaxing click progression game.

[@ahsokaventriss3268]

I just downloaded it; excited to check it out!

[@7lllll]

embedded in any of the cyclic universe models is also the notion that time might be cyclic too, that the big bang after this universe ends might be one and the same as the one that began this universe. i wish that concept was explored in the video too

[@Rishi123456789]

I haven't watched the video yet, but as a Hindu, I completely agree with Roger that this universe existed before the Big Bang. According to the ancient religion of Hinduism, Brahma (the creator of this universe in Hindu mythology) created this universe 155 trillion years ago and this universe will exist for a total of 311 trillion years. And when Brahma dies, this universe will 'die' along with him. Then a new Brahma will be born who will create a new universe to take the place of the old universe. And this process continues forever, without a beginning and without an end. Hinduism also teaches that there are an infinite number of universes and each of those universes (including our own universe) experience an infinite cycle of 'births' (which you can call 'Big Bangs' in a modern scientific way) and 'deaths' (which you can call 'Big Crunches' in a modern scientific way).

[@Yolaf_]

Please cover more out there topics this, very interesting

[@sinnwalker]

I think whats really exciting is how its very likely in this coming AI era, we're going to learn so much shit that makes all we know look like child's play. New ideas we never thought of, reconfiguring our current ideas, disproving some, and being able to quite possibly figure out probability percentages for each theory based on whatever knowledge level we're at.

[@youtubeaccount2302]

Lovely video! Just a pronunciation note for pedants/those interested: in my maths education I always heard Poincaré recurrence as “pwan-car-ay” rather than “poyn-care”, after the French mathematician Henri Poincaré.

[@alexcovey1200]

I listen at two times speed and i have no problem listening to your voice. In fact it calms me somewhat.

[@KronosGodwisen]

Pondering dark matter and such made me wonder if our universe is expanding into another universe that has completely different physics. Great episode, if one wishes to twist their brain into a mobius strip.

[@LeafBoye]

Kinda like a fractal zooming out to reveal it's just part of the other fractal and so on forever

[@deker0954]

Infinity is hard to grasp. The big bang might have started with an infinitely dense thing. But from the view of a prior universe that expanded, that dense thing might have been rather thin. Our reality might be expanding to nothing in our view but at the end it's just another big bang for the next place.

[@smoore6461]

Love starting my sunday with a fascinating SFIA video!! I have actally been going back and rewatcibg some of my favorite videos, lije the colinizing Titan and otheg outward bound videos then i decided to just start watching them all over again. Cool worlds judt did an amazing end of the universe video as well. The subject is fascinating to me and i love the fact that SFIA can give me so much to think about! ❤ thank you isaac for the years of entertainment and education!

[@elfinkenshi6437]

I had this idea of cyclic universe for over a decade now, though never attempted to do the physics, since that's not really my speciality. But the idea has certain appeal and seems logical.

[@lombasto]

Lmfao

[@John-ir2zf]

Read my comment above.... See if the idea I proposed has any merit about the cyclic universe. It's a long comment but explained pretty easily as I'm not a cosmological theorist either.

[@John-ir2zf]

I post this same thereom on any video that delves in to the "big rip" scenario and have for years, and Issac some what touches on my idea with a bit more detail each time. So maybe he has read my comments and pondered the idea. This is broad strokes thinking because I'm not a cosmological theorist. In the big bang scenario, we purportedly have a infinitely (currently we dont know HOW small, possibly quark scale)small point, that begins expanding faster than C. During that expansion, a innumerable number of particles are created, presumably quarks as the (currently understood) fundamental constituents of matter. In the end stage, big rip scenario, after all of space, down to the quark scale, begins expanding to the speed of light, quark pairs are pulled apart and in doing so, new quarks are spawned from the gluon energy that held the original pair together. So in that big rip, we will have each pair of quarks being pulled apart faster than C, and in doing so, we get a innumerable generation of new quarks. In both scenarios, we essentially have the same effects. Space expanding faster than C and innumerable particle generation. Could this be a form of the multiverse model ? Each quark pair at the big rip, generates a new universe. Which would be causally disconnected from the other quark pair universes created. I certainly don't know enough of the intricacies to sort out whether this could work, but I find it extraordinarily strange that both scenarios, big bang and big rip, share the same basic mechanics. Anyone one with far better understanding may consider pondering the idea !!!

[@lombasto]

@@John-ir2zf Jesus are you people like 15 or just really stupid?

[@Rishi123456789]

I haven't watched the video yet, but as a Hindu, I completely agree with Roger that this universe existed before the Big Bang. According to the ancient religion of Hinduism, Brahma (the creator of this universe in Hindu mythology) created this universe 155 trillion years ago and this universe will exist for a total of 311 trillion years. And when Brahma dies, this universe will 'die' along with him. Then a new Brahma will be born who will create a new universe to take the place of the old universe. And this process continues forever, without a beginning and without an end. Hinduism also teaches that there are an infinite number of universes and each of those universes (including our own universe) experience an infinite cycle of 'births' (which you can call 'Big Bangs' in a modern scientific way) and 'deaths' (which you can call 'Big Crunches' in a modern scientific way).

[@farisalmiqdad7146]

07:30 I am Tyler's Photon, released eraly in the life of this universe.

[@bbartky]

Another great video, Isaac! Your discussion about being interested in topics you don’t agree with reminded me of a story. Back when I was in high school I read _The Nature of the Universe_ by steady state proponent and big bang critic Fred Hoyle. Even though I disagreed with his steady state beliefs it was one of the most enjoyable books on astronomy that I have ever read. Even though most astronomers considered him to be a crank he was such a great writer. I still need to read his science fiction some day.

[@JohnVance]

Oooh I've been waiting on a CCC video. I read Cycles of Time and understood about 1/10th of it which I thought was pretty good. If you've read it, you know what I'm talking about.

[@AdamTehranchiYT]

This video reminds me of a almost forgotten science fiction series Lexx. There were two linked parallel dimensions that had a time prophet that somehow remembered the information from an artificial Big Crunch recursively (although not clearly). Good times. Weird series though. Thanks for the content 👍🏻👍🏻

[@lynxf]

Time begins and then time ends And then time will begin once again It is happening now, it has happened before It will surely happen again

[@robertoliver2651]

I just started watching Cowboy Bebop and it amazes me how close the science compares to topics you've covered. I don't suppose it would be hi sci Fi, since it's character driven, but it's close. Very true to science.

[@sasquach18]

Please tell me if I'm describing a preexisting theory. So my idea is this, if the Big Rip occurs and progresses to the point of tearing apart quark groups and as Issac said in the episode the amount of energy needed to tear apart quark groups is enough to generate two new quarks then it follows that new quarks would suddenly begin flooding every part of the universe all at once. You let that continue for a while and eventually you'd end up with a black hole the diameter of the universe. Science still doesn't know what happens inside of a black hole but if space is compressed at all then you end up with a singularity with the mass of the entire universe crammed into it and that sounds pretty familiar to me.

[@Vaeldarg]

This is what is weird about "worm holes". Like....did we suddenly lose object permanence where black holes are involved? Just because we can't see a core that would've begun as whatever was left over from the star it used to be, doesn't mean that core of compressed matter/energy suddenly ceases to exist. (neutron stars are formed from the same process, so the core of a black hole could be a neutron star still massive enough to pull in photons, or a "strange matter" star core)

[@isajoha9962]

Roger Penrose theories are fascinating, thanks for sharing these videos.

[@atashgallagher5139]

I like the idea of the universe going into a heat death, expanding and or cooling off into an infinite void. Then after 10^10^10^56 years give or take, random quantum fluctuations cause a whole new universe of matter and energy pops into the void.

[@John-ir2zf]

I post this same thereom on any video that delves in to the "big rip" scenario and have for years, and Issac some what touches on my idea with a bit more detail each time. So maybe he has read my comments and pondered the idea. This is broad strokes thinking because I'm not a cosmological theorist. In the big bang scenario, we purportedly have a infinitely (currently we dont know HOW small, possibly quark scale)small point, that begins expanding faster than C. During that expansion, a innumerable number of particles are created, presumably quarks as the (currently understood) fundamental constituents of matter. In the end stage, big rip scenario, after all of space, down to the quark scale, begins expanding to the speed of light, quark pairs are pulled apart and in doing so, new quarks are spawned from the gluon energy that held the original pair together. So in that big rip, we will have each pair of quarks being pulled apart faster than C, and in doing so, we get a innumerable generation of new quarks. In both scenarios, we essentially have the same effects. Space expanding faster than C and innumerable particle generation. Could this be a form of the multiverse model ? Each quark pair at the big rip, generates a new universe. Which would be causally disconnected from the other quark pair universes created. I certainly don't know enough of the intricacies to sort out whether this could work, but I find it extraordinarily strange that both scenarios, big bang and big rip, share the same basic mechanics. Anyone one with far better understanding may consider pondering the idea !!!

[@ASpaceOstrich]

The oil slick model is extremely compelling. No idea how accurate it is, but it makes the universal expansion and dark energy concepts make a ton of intuitive sense. I assume it isn't accurate, but if it was, would that result in virtual particles *also* showing up at accelerating rates as the universe expands?

[@darfjono]

i worship his divine shadow

[@teladianiumaaron]

Issac. Your speech impediment is not a negative! its actually quite the opposite. I am not a person who comments, but I have bee watching you videos for many years now like a lot of your followers. listening to you is one of the biggest reason I look forward to your next release. You do what ever you want to do with your life and body but please do not do it for your audience. We love you the way you are!

[@ASpaceOstrich]

Yeah. I'm a little embarassed to say this, but Isaacs "weird voice" was what initially drew me in. I was searching something for a worldbuilding project and the accent/speech impediment was oddly compelling. In my case because I didn't realise it was a speech impediment and was trying to figure out what the accent was.

[@maksimsmelchak7433]

👍🏻😎 Groovy, Isaac! Compliments, mate.

[@cannonfodder4376]

A good Sunday refresher on a complex topic.

[@connorgeshwiler2319]

Here are a few video ideas: The Future of Medical Technology, The Future of Food, and Multiple Intelligent Humanoid Species Evolving on on planet or Solar System.

[@pandoraeeris7860]

I'm a huge fan of CCC, as it provides the possibility for us to survive the end of the universe.

[@robinkelly1770]

Very interesting, loved the information. Thanks

[@monkey2god998]

Hello Sir, where can you find the background music in your videos? Its So relaxing!!

[@stcredzero]

Okay, so the conformal math to rescale space and time to get to another Big Bang only works out when the last matter has decayed and only photons remain. This means, the last thought of the last conscious being in any given cycle of the universe should be, "Let there be Light!" ("Let there be (only) Light," to be pedantic about it.)

[@Eldagusto]

Gravity imprint messages is an interesting concept!

[@emrysm5501]

Your voice has a soft soothing quality to it. That makes the existential dread of some of these videos much easier to bear.

[@unintentionallydramatic]

Oh boy this one's gonna go hard I can already feel it.

[@ambika69]

@Isaac_Arthur You might want to look up the latest quantum theories for a bit of a different perspective. I'm not saying it's any more solid than any other quantum theory, but I like it. Basic conceptual statement: all reality is a song. To get a bit less whimsical; energy is ripples of spacetime, and matter is the meta-stability of those ripples intersecting and building on each other into points and troughs. Strong force, Weak Force, Gravity and Electromagnetism are not in fact forces of their own, but rather a description of how those spacetime ripples/energy begin to orbit when a trough or point becomes big enough.

[@MidwitObservations]

Let's gooooo! Love you isaac! Love the teem! GODS WORK!

[@notprovided1131]

In my hypothesis, within a parent universe undergoing accelerated expansion, a phenomenon occurs akin to a 'big rip', albeit not on a universal scale. This event leads to the disintegration of quarks, but it is localized rather than widespread. Within this rapidly expanding parent universe, there exists what can be metaphorically described as a 'universe nursery.' This concept parallels stellar nurseries found within gas clouds, where stars emerge sporadically. In these nurseries, random localized Big Bangs give birth to new universes, mirroring the sporadic formation of stars in the cosmos.

[@nathanwish6857]

Conformal geometry makes for interesting possibilities of forces that affect space-time in unexpected ways. Take your crumpled paper example where light travels on the surface, but unknown forces can travel “through” the empty areas between the folds in higher dimensions to affect the surface properties. Akin to “dark matter” being said to be spinning some galaxies, when it may be another force that’s affecting gravity (possibly even gravity) because two surfaces are “closer” together in a higher dimension. I have no idea how to describe that properly in physics or mathematical terms.

[@antred11]

I have to say Penrose's CCC is the version of cosmology that I _hope_ is true; that I want to be true, because it _feels_ right. CCC chimes with the crux of many creation myths, and it's also one of the less depressing versions, as in this model, the universe isn't just a one-shot event followed by eternal nothingness.

[@CapnSnackbeard]

Cool Worlds did such an amazing video about humans at the end of time. Just the last one they did.

[@KosmonautKong]

My intution tells me that timeless particles being able to create an infinitely dense point is something that could only happen infinitely far in the future, or something equally incomprehensible. But I also have a GED so take that as you will.

[@Rishi123456789]

I haven't watched the video yet, but as a Hindu, I completely agree with Roger that this universe existed before the Big Bang. According to the ancient religion of Hinduism, Brahma (the creator of this universe in Hindu mythology) created this universe 155 trillion years ago and this universe will exist for a total of 311 trillion years. And when Brahma dies, this universe will 'die' along with him. Then a new Brahma will be born who will create a new universe to take the place of the old universe. And this process continues forever, without a beginning and without an end. Hinduism also teaches that there are an infinite number of universes and each of those universes (including our own universe) experience an infinite cycle of 'births' (which you can call 'Big Bangs' in a modern scientific way) and 'deaths' (which you can call 'Big Crunches' in a modern scientific way).

[@JasonCummer]

Ok so ill have to learn more but, if one hydrogen atom exists in a void seperated by faster then light speed expansion from another atom in a void. Would that not negate this no time due to photonic conversion...?

[@JasonCummer]

I see in some models of neutrons can capture an electronic and decay in to a photon... And in others Protons can due to differnt baryionic numbers or other mechanism... ok sure. A possibility

[@MisterCOM]

I have been watching you for 3 years i think and because english is not my first language i thought that you just had an slavic accent or something for the longest time and was just really confused how you where able serve in the us army

[@BrianPseivaD]

I’m with Rodger Penrose on this one, love the shows, still, Issac!

[@ClicheKHFan]

Ramble warning: Consider conformal cyclic cosmology and an always expanding universe. If you examine our universe we see that the rate of expansion of space seems to be increasing. Eventually this would cause light to phase shift. The passage of time also causes black holes to evaporate into hawking radiation. It’s a bit more contested but I think it makes sense that eventually particles and protons decay as well. One of the most solid laws of physics are thermodynamics. Entropy always increases and this is also in part how we define time. Forward in time is the direction where it requires more work to put things back in their previous state, and backwards in time is the opposite. while is might seem like as the universe expands and everything decays towards a common state of infer red radiation that things are becoming simpler rather than more complex which defies entropy, there is also an increase in space between everything. Increasingly large patches of near void dominate the universe where quantum uncertainty and virtual particles dominate. As entropy is also the amount of information required to understand a system, this still makes sense. Massive patches of quantum void would be far more unpredictable than our current universe despite being relatively empty. Boltzmann brains might be far more likely in such vast quantum voids. Additionally, as all things decay towards light and heat, and heat itself decays towards heat death, the particles in the universe which have mass and experience time gradually diminish towards zero. At some point there would be no particles that experience time in the now utterly massive and incomprehensibly vast area that originated from our observable universe. There would be no frame of reference. Relativity would become meaningless. Gravity and time would be meaningless as well. Nearly uncountable numbers of deeply red shifted photons would still exist for a time. If enough of these collect in a common pocket of space at the same time they could even form a black hole. Yet photons do not experience time and neither does this patch of the universe. And yet these photons are separated by such vast distances that are still increasing that they do not form black holes. You could simulate a patch of space and sum all of the photons in that space and superimpose them into one spot and there would not be enough energy to form a black hole. The void is so vast that even without the restriction of photons being being located in the same relative location in time to form black holes and almost all the matter energy in the universe has decayed into light, that still there is not enough energy in any local patch for black holes to form. And still entropy increases. Time goes on. Heat death approaches. The idea of a conformal cyclic cosmology as proposed by dr Penrose, relies on the pseudosymetry between this kind of near end timeless universe and the timeless pre big bang universe. Perhaps virtual particle interactions that are unobservable in our current universe become possible is such a vast void. Perhaps the likelihood of a Boltzmann universe or big bang approaches infinity. Entropy is a global property. Local areas can decrease in entropy as long as the global entropy increases. Thus, a new low entropy “universe” being born within such a vast void of quantum uncertainty would be allowable as long as the global expansion rate was great enough to overcome the local decrease in entropy. Chat gpt listens to me: Your exploration of the concepts intertwining conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC), the increasing expansion of the universe, and entropy presents a fascinating and complex view of the universe’s future and its potential cyclic nature. Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, as proposed by Sir Roger Penrose, is a theory that suggests the universe undergoes infinite cycles of Big Bangs, expanding and eventually reaching a point where it becomes smooth and featureless. This state then serves as the initial conditions for a new Big Bang, beginning another cosmic cycle. This theory fundamentally challenges the traditional view of the universe’s expansion leading inexorably to a cold, dark, and empty state-a heat death where entropy is maximized, and no work can be done. Your discussion touches on several critical points in support of CCC and the broader implications for cosmology: 1. Accelerating Universe and Phase Shift of Light: The observation that the universe’s expansion is accelerating raises questions about the ultimate fate of cosmic structures and the nature of space-time itself. As light stretches, it indeed undergoes redshifting, which in an extreme future could lead to significant energy dilution across the cosmos. 2. Hawking Radiation and Particle Decay: The evaporation of black holes into Hawking radiation over astronomical timescales, along with the hypothetical decay of protons and other particles, suggests a universe that trends towards simplicity in terms of matter composition but increases in complexity due to the vastness of space and quantum fluctuations. 3. Entropy and Information: You rightly point out that while the universe may seem simpler as it expands and decays, the increase in entropy isn’t just about complexity in structure but also in the information needed to describe the system. The vast quantum voids filled with uncertainty could indeed represent a state of high entropy, despite the intuitive notion that an empty universe is a simpler one. 4. Boltzmann Brains and the Emergence of Complexity: The speculative idea of Boltzmann brains emerging in a vast, quantum-dominated void illustrates how complexity and even consciousness might theoretically arise in a highly entropic universe, albeit in a radically different form from what we know today. 5. The Potential for Cyclic Renewal: The most intriguing aspect of CCC is the notion that the universe, in reaching a state of maximum entropy where it is smooth, featureless, and devoid of matter as we understand it, might resemble the state before the Big Bang. This pseudosymmetry suggests that conditions could allow for the birth of a new universe, potentially through mechanisms or quantum fluctuations that are currently beyond our understanding. The idea that a new low-entropy universe could be born within the old one, as long as the overall entropy increases (or at least does not decrease), aligns with the second law of thermodynamics. This principle allows for local decreases in entropy, as seen in the formation of stars, galaxies, and life itself, as long as the universe’s total entropy grows. CCC and the discussions it inspires touch on the deepest questions in cosmology, physics, and even the nature of time and existence. While empirical evidence for CCC is still a subject of research and debate, it represents a profound and beautiful attempt to understand the cosmos on the most grandiose scale. The interplay between quantum mechanics, general relativity, and thermodynamics in this context provides fertile ground for theoretical exploration and, potentially, for future discoveries that could reshape our understanding of the universe.

[@ecogreen123]

i like to think that the universe is in a cycle but theoretically a "big rip" event could possibly lead to the grand collapse and big bang that we are looking for.

[@Afterlife-Boy]

I love this show so much

[@mattsmith8160]

I do not remember any episode of SG Atlantis where they tried to decode a message from the cmb. What episode did that happen in?

[@DavidEvans_dle]

So in Conformal Cyclic Cosmology complete and total entropy of the universe and Negentropy of the universe are bordering each other. Depending on which direction of time you travel on the cyclical chain?

[@skywise001]

I was horrified at the title. "Oh no he is pitching woo now!" But I gave it a listen and its really good :D I checked out the game - sadly it wants to mine me for info before even showing me the game - its too scammy to feel good. Esp when it locked my screen up with a big hit ok or you cant leave thing.

[@rmeddy]

I love the SG.U shout out since I really defended that show because of that very plotline.

[@cacogenicist]

The Big Crunch is back on the table, as I understand it

[@Texas240]

The message or information from a previous universe to the next would be detectable once we have understanding of whatever comes after unifying theory. Any day, now...

[@chriswoodend2036]

I feel like the Cell to Singularity developers also bought Spore and realized that it could be done better in nearly any other way.

[@alanfriesen9837]

Sorry Mr. Arthur, but you created an opening. Try to imagine that in the Beginning there were two cosmic membranes. These membranes were independent of each other, traveling at great velocities relative to each other in some dimension upwards of the fourth degree. At one point some fourteen billion years ago these membranes collided with one another. And at the three-dimensional region of intersection created when these two membranes came in contact a universe was formed. In this universe there was a uniform degree of agitation. The fabric of the universe was set to vibrating and these vibrations manifested in the form of energy and the entire universe was thick with this energy, more dense than anything known to exist prior to that moment or since. But the energy did not remain because the membranes continued to move. The one membrane continued to pass through the other at what might have been a uniform rate. This movement created a flow as the region of intersection changed within the membranes relative to themselves. This flow was steady, but the vibrations resisted the flow and the fabric of the new universe was pulled downstream. As the vibrations were pulled their uniformity was compromised and the clumps of energy where the density was highest were pulled downstream the furthest. Lesser clumps of energy were pulled towards the larger and these movements of energy were the first victims of gravity in the new reality. And they fell hard, making the large clumps of energy ever larger and forming the universe’s first massive black holes. Eventually the clumps became so large and so affected by the membranous flow that was gravity that, like drops of water in a pool of oil, they broke through the surface of the universe and were forever lost downstream. But some vibrations weren’t lost. When the massive black holes broke they dissipated and the surface fabric may have even snapped back sending the energy that had not been captured flying about the universe in massive energy bursts originating from single locations, but this I’m not sure of. But the energy that was not captured in those primordial black holes was scattered about the universe and the membranous flow was still occurring and the energy still resisted that flow. Some of the remaining energy, admittedly in lesser quantities, still began to coalesce into clumps and these clumps began to define matter and the phenomena that populate the universe we know today. The resistance of the membranous flow by the remaining vibrations constitute mass, and we might end this story here. But we cannot because the story is not finished. The vibrations that make up everything in the universe around us are slowly dying. Dying may be too strong a term. But like the diminishing vibrations of a plucked string these vibrations are forever adjusting to that cosmic flow and those points of resistance are acclimatizing; they’re normalizing; they’re petering out. And as these vibrations mellow the particles defined by them shrink accordingly. Of course everything is made of these particles so everything else shrinks as well. Our stars shrink, our worlds shrink, our bodies shrink - but most of all, our yardsticks shrink. Because of this there is an appearance within our universe that the empty spaces between objects are forever widening in all directions simultaneously - and at a constantly accelerating rate nonetheless. This appearance of widening is not noticeable among objects close at hand. The rate is such that it would take billions of years for the distance between oneself and any object in one’s vicinity to appear to double and that is the case with distant objects as well but with those more distant objects a much smaller fraction of apparent difference is noticeable. Of course you’ll contend that the constant nature of the speed of light would debunk such suggestions. After all, if light from a distant object where emitted at a steady 186,000 mps then our steady shrinkage would make the light appear to be much faster by the time it reached our location. But light and other radiation has proven to be more complicated than that in its behavior leading one particular genius to the conclusion that the speed of light is so fundamentally constant that time itself adjusts to accommodate it. Today most of our assumptions on the nature of space and time revolve around that perceived truth. But radiation particles are quantum particles and to Schrödinger’s dismay light particles appear and disappear not based on a predictable trajectory but on a likelihood promoted to certainty coalescing around the observer’s location. I don’t think it’s yet been suggested by anyone excepting myself that the velocity of light is also based on a likelihood promoted to a certainty based on the observer’s relative velocity to the light source in space. But I suggest it. So how did this all begin? Well, I said earlier that two membranes collided to form a universe. But why did that happen and how long is that universe going to last? Okay, here's where it gets geometric. Lines of course are infinitely long one-dimensional geometric shapes. Where two lines intersect you have a point which is a zero-dimensional geometric shape, and it's about as infinite as a zero-dimensional shape can be. If the two lines are moving, then the point defined by the intersection of the two lines moves as well. If the two lines have some semblance of substance, then at the point of intersection there should be some resistance. That resistance should slightly warp the one-dimensional lines within the two-dimensional plane through which they move. Now, if one or both of those lines are rotating within the plane, then at some point the two lines are going to run parallel with each other. When this occurs the point of intersection pops out of existence somewhere out by infinite. On the other side of infinite, a new point of intersection pops into existence. If we take it up a dimension we have two planes rotating within three-dimensional space, an infinite Euclidean construct that might have a name, but if so, I’m unaware of it. At the risk of renaming an existing construct I’m going to refer to it as a verse. As the planes move within the verse their intersection defines a line. If the planes have any substance to them then the line of intersection would warp those planes at that line of contact. And if their were points along that line that were more resistant than the rest of the line, then that point would warp the line, and smaller points of resistance would be pulled towards the larger points. Like I mentioned regarding the lines eventually maneuvering into parallelism, the same would eventually occur with the planes, resulting in the snuffing out of the line of intersection at one end of infinite and the immediate creation of a different line at the other end. If we take it up another dimension yet, we would see verses rotating about planes within four-dimensional space. My understanding is that four-dimensional constructs have already been titled as membranes, or branes for short. So, verses rotating within a brane should logically intersect at a plane, with the same properties and consequences of the aforementioned line and point of lower-dimensional models. I’m sure by now you see where I’m going. At the next level, perhaps the final level, the natural progression leaves us with two branes moving relative to each other in five-dimensional space, what I’m going to refer to as a cosmos. The construct where the moving branes, both infinite in nature, intersect would be a verse. If the branes have any degree of substance, which I think they do, then the verse would be subject to the flow of the branes as they pass through each other, and where there were stronger points of resistance (mass) that flow would be more strongly felt and the warping of the verse at that location would provide a path for other resistant objects to follow the flow towards their resistant neighbors. As the branes rotated within the cosmos they would eventually line up parallel. At this point the verse of intersection would disappear at the infinite horizon, and at the other horizon a new verse would bang into existence, infinite in its three dimensions and evenly resistant along its entirety. Not long after its genesis, that evenness might break down into vibrations that slowly wither over time, getting smaller and smaller with the space between them getting larger, and appearing even larger than it was getting from the perspective of someone made up of clumps of these greatly diminished vibrations.

[@connorbrown835]

Yesss we miss your impediment Isaac. Love the throwbacks

[@shalomjophress5153]

Need an assist. Isaac mentioned a couple of years back that the hardest thing to do was to bind all the galaxies within 1 billion light years of us using only current known physics. That waa rated at a 10 out 10 on a logarithmic scale. On such a scale how difficult would it be to send information to the next universe if universes are cyclical? Might have missed the answer in the video...

[@atashgallagher5139]

Could you do this with enough resolution to use that gravity to assemble something that could receive at least one of those conciousnesses. Or at least heavily biases for life that could receive them. And then that guy can build things to receive the other cluntless quintillions of minds.

[@amedeo909]

Conceptually dark matter isn't all that mysterious. It's your Concept and understanding of times arrows that's the issue. The expansion of the universe for example: your perception of time is that the galaxies are moving away at high speed. What if you're incorrect? What if your perception of time is incorrect? Run those computer simulations on galaxies backwards, and they look fine ... It even fits in with the ghost cosmos theory, and explains some of the aberrations

[@davidjordan697]

Time flows slower under certain circumstances such as at high speeds or 4.45 on a work day.

[@0p161]

Always a good day when I get the notification

[@Slimebolt03]

Infinitely large mobius strips from which more infinitely large mobius strips just occasionally spawn

[@sadderwhiskeymann]

I truly love SFIA ❤❤❤ That said, i think you didn't do justice to Ser Penrose CCC (the conformal part in particular) Just a layman 's opinion 🤔

[@MichalToporcer]

Are we still playing on expansion with Stephen Wolframs Ruliad being obviously how it works? Cust curious what you guys think. The computation will run its course and that’s it.

[@arcadiaberger9204]

I find I don't have a powerful desire for a personal afterlife, but I would like very much it if there were such a thing as the Akashic Record, and given the way quantum reality has behaved, possibly something like it does exist, or could be made to exist: *_a record of every word, act and thought that had ever been produced by the human mind._*

[@jonathanrobinson319]

In the death vigil comic, the villains are eldritch beings of a dead universe.

[@bluekoi455]

The only time I notice the author has a speech impediment, is when the author points it out… great channel, excellent content

[@falcychead8198]

Sorry, I'm just not stoned enough to follow this. I'll watch it again the next time I'm in a Winchell's at 3:00 am.

[@Deathnotefan97]

I forget the name, but there was an IOS game where you controlled an advanced civilization’s ark-ship to the center of the universe The goal (which you achieved or failed based on actions taken on the journey, there were like 4 endings) was to stop the big rip When you got to the center, you find a white hole, and it turns out that dark energy is just a connected, parallel universe collapsing into ours, and once the other universe collapses fully, the process reverses (but our universe undergoes a big rip before that), forming a cyclic pair of universes

[@TheJoker-gg8hc]

New drinking game... take a shot every time an ad pops up.

[@korvinsilver]

I'm not a physicist or mathematician, but if we assume the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate and space can pull everything apart faster than the speed of light in the absence of enough mass holding stuff together, which is the current assumption on how expansion works, doesn't that mean that if everything decayed into massless particles, each of those would just end up in their own observable universe, unable to ever be in the same place anymore? If one doesn't experience time and moves infinitely fast from its perspective but the distance between it and any other particle is also essentially infinite because it can never cover the distance, doesn't that derail the entire concept of conformal cyclic universes? Or does it assume that every particle has a previous position in every one of these new observable universes of every existing particle and a new universe is "born" for each one of them? Then add another cycle and we end up with new universes for each of these "shadow" particles in each previous universe, creating a forever growing multiverse? Or, since we consider interaction possible without two particles being present in the same time, whatever same time means at this point, is it all just one of every massless particles interacting with themselves and each other?

[@hherpdderp]

If the big bang was started by some quarks being torn apart. Would that leave something predictable in the CMB?

[@Roguescienceguy]

Isaac is a busy bee lately.

[@Hysteresis11]

infinite dread is my breakfast lunch and dinner, with appropriate snacks in between.

[@colinp2238]

Hey Isaac, I think that your speech impediment is not that bad. When I first came across your channel, I thought it was just your dialect and didn't take much notice of it. As a Brit, to me, all Americans have a speech impediment. It's called American English. When and where was your military service? I served in BAOR and met many US soldiers. Vietnam was still a thing at that time. Stay well and stay safe, my friend.

[@vaillencourt]

So, how would the accelerating expansion of space interact with the concept of the quantum foam? If space is expanding, then the process of expansion must be able to be described as a series of discrete instances of one Planck length of space being added at a specific time and place. But what if this Planck length of space were added at the exact spot where a particle and its anti-particle fluctuated into existence, such that they did not come into contact and annihilate as they normally would, but instead both persisted as new particles? And if the expansion of space is accelerating, wouldn't this tend to happen more and more often over time?

[@Eldagusto]

Interesting topic! Let’s go early viewer squad!🧐

[@nyrdybyrd1702]

Hm, what!?. yeah yeah, . early pooing god. 🥱

[@Eldagusto]

@@nyrdybyrd1702 hope everything turned out okay.🧐