Ancient Technology Podcast - Aswan Scoop Marks and Stone Softening | Marcell Fóti

[@chrislynn8689]

Very Interesting! Great Discussion again Karoly! Keep it up!

[@MarcusCicero1]

These guys are idiots

[@energ8t]

Whether you agree with this theory or not, he did an excellent job putting his theory into a site for reference. I think more people should do that as it is very easy to compare and revisit. Great job.

[@sameersheriff7078]

Is it possible to reverse engineer those lost technologies in the future ?

[@PaulBrown-uj5le]

@sameersheriff7078 there are no lost tec the way this guy puts it, only thing lost is half his brain.

[@sameersheriff7078]

@@PaulBrown-uj5le c'mon our ancestors were quite advanced as well don't tell me ur among those who believe cavemens and flinstones built pyramids and Stonehenge !!!!🤣

[@Mrbfgray]

@@sameersheriff7078 No question it's possible. Sometimes perplexing enduring mysteries have surprisingly simple explanations. Are you familiar with the Cali, Death Valley rock "race track" that everyone scratched their heads over for a century that was solved recently?

[@abba95521a]

@@sameersheriff7078 imho, yes. but " mainstream" science and acadamia won't support it, so this sort of research is pretty much limited to lone individiduals pursuing an idea/their passion. just the info in this video, if properly researched and funded, has the capacity to upset soooo many applecarts among the conventional antrhopological/archaeological narrative/wisdom.

[@langobard5546]

Why then are there unfinished statues and obelisk in quarrys if they could cast them in place?

[@Alfred-Neuman]

🤫 Shhhhht!!

[@TheMassive_0]

@@Alfred-Neuman Yeap, and the video started from that unfinished obelisk, so they started it with the wrong foot

[@Ephalim]

Very good question!

[@jamesrice4839]

Okay in the video he mentions two ways they altered stone. 1 the used water glass and ash to created the polymer. To get the scoop marks or to retrieve water glass they used natron and coal. It’s possible that the later generations assumed as we do that they produced monument the hard way because the method was lost or abandoned. Therefore the obelisk in the ground was an attempt to mimic previous construction without realizing that’s not how they did it and abandoned it there because they couldn’t figure out how to transport it. I’m just steel manning his argument here not accepting it as empirical evidence.

[@philipthomas3938]

​@@jamesrice4839abandoned obelisk as a crack developed or was already present

[@erichter66]

This was one of the most interesting podcasts I ever heard. Can’t wait for the follow-up.

@@erichter66 thanks 🙏

[@richvandervecken3954]

To the two men who had the conversation and chose to share it with us thank you for being willing to think outside of traditional thought! Only by looking at puzzles from different angles can a solution be discovered! I would evaluate any actual points or arguments for insights that maybe didn't occur to you and press on. All great ideas and breakthroughs in human history were initially met with skepticism and ridicule. This is just the forge of purification to burn off concepts that cannot withstand scrutiny. Empierical testing of the idea combined with numerous failures teaches us what does not work. Most men in history who achieved anything worth knowing by being stubbornly persistent seeking an answer to a question.

[@michael4250]

The half-baked nonsense of history was also met with the same skepticism. That is not confirmation of anything. This earns incredulity, not just skepticism.

[@alicet8791]

"2 Hungarian guys trying to speak English" 😄 You two did a good job with this interview. Interesting theory.

[@alexanderstrelnikov]

Dont mock them for the english, they are actually good at this.

@@alexanderstrelnikov thank you guys

[@franciscorompana2985]

@@alicet8791 I like good English. Good job. I lived in the US. 🇵🇹

[@rebjorn79]

@@alexanderstrelnikov He's actually just quoting them and giving them some credit. 32:27

[@zsoltcsaba3086]

A gránitnál a kőmorzsoló reagens a megoldàs, a mészkőnèl a vízüveg. Csak magyarul fejthető meg a hieroglif írás.

[@olddanb1]

A perfect example of the process of Argument. Argument does not mean to shout. It means to argue your point against another. By speaking your argument. Where sometimes to argue your point more strongly, you sometimes accept parts of the other argument to help explain your own. Thank you gentlemen. A real pleasure to engage with. Well done both.

Thank you so much! 🙏

[@lastnamefirst2442]

Well said now I'm going to need your phone number so you can tell MY WIFE that , during the next (shouting match) I mean argument 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@olddanb1]

@lastnamefirst2442 Superb. Love it. BUT. . . You've left the door WIDE open for one of best one liner returns known to man since the invention of the telephone. 😁 Here goes. "She's already got it."🤣😂🤣😂🤣 Heh heeeey. Beeeyoodiful. I couldn't resist. Well intended, and just for the fun of it. I thought your response was excellent. All the best. Don.

[@waynecooper6124]

Natron is another name for sodium carbonate: a relatively strong base but somewhat weaker than lye (sodium hydroxide). Quartz is also the main component of glass. Heating glass with a strong base - even at temperatures far less than 800 degrees C - will even corrode lab glass. So, there is some potential merit to this guy's theory. Consider that the natron in ancient times would have been crude. If obtained via evaporation, as suggested here, there would also have been sodium chloride (salt) and phosphates like sodium phosphate that solidified with the natron upon evaporation. That said, if the purpose of this natron was to degrade or dissolve granite, the presence of either salt or phosphates may actually be beneficial to their task. Indeed, one of the ways hobbyists etch glass is with phosphoric acid. At increased temperatures, phosphate salts might do the trick by themselves or amplify the power of the natron significantly; possibly by the formation of a third substance from the heat induced reaction between natron, salt, phosphates, carbon dioxide and ash (which contains Potassium). Food for thought so I'll keep this short.

[@alejandromoralesgonz]

Thanks for this information.

[@johnkemas7344]

Water glass or Sodium Silicate (readily available, easy to make) has been used for many years by machinists and metal casters to make removeable mold cores with fine sand. After you form it to make the cores, you expose it to Carbon Dioxide and it turns very solid and hard instantaneously. After casting the metal, the water glass cores can be easily washed out or the interior pockets of the casting with water quite quickly.

[@robertpaiva4481]

One of the products of Egypt was the mining of Barcobinate of Soda, which the Pharoahs referred to as the elixir of the gods, which is also used today in the smelting of precious metals and also is known as baking soda. Also, this Barcobinate of Soda is also used in the curing of different kinds of cements. I do appreciate your presentation as a studying conversation. EXCELLENT!!

[@physnoct]

Barcobinate -> bicarbonate

[@strykerjones8842]

6:49 I have to make a correction to this statement. Water Jet cutting uses abrasive materials, typically agate.

[@mrsimo7144]

Great comment. Do you think this is the kind of thing used? A stone smith told me, working with rocks like this, is incredibly hard work. Not sure on plasma cutting etc, regardless of the time.

[@RJ-xv1nh]

And still not used for cutting big bits of stone

[@Travelin2Wit]

Great Podcast ! I also went to the natron website and the argument for Geo-polymers is presented very logically. Some egyptologysts must be hitting themselves in the head "Why didn't I think of that! " I think also that once you rule out that 40 men could have fit in a small underground chamber - this is the by far the simplest theory. Occam's Razor!

[@michaelh6743]

Maybe, he'd have to explain the unfinished container in the Serapeum. Clearly in a very roughed out condition, in the process of being transported to it's final location where it would be precision finished. So, whatever process or technologies they used to precision finish the boxes was more than likely used elsewhere, like on the statues, all the scoop marks, which, by the way are everywhere throughout the world.

[@scottherndon5485]

These guys should just build a small megalithic wall from soften stone so the debate can be put to rest. LMAO !

[@kateS72]

It’s extremely promising for research to see people of such diverse horizons throw their intelligence and “out of the box” approach to figuring things out. Thank you BOTH!!!!

[@richvandervecken3954]

I read through about the first dozen comments and was amazed by how closed minded most of the comments were! Many comments appeared to be completely oblivious to the fact that these two men are speaking in a langauge that is not there native langauge. Most of these critic's probably only speak english and have either never been to a foriegn country or they are so arrogant that they expect everyone in the world to speak in their language. I will tell you what I perceive this man is saying. He discovered a method to make granite pliable using materials that ancient peoples had access to. He also stated that he doesn't claim to know the exact formula or process that they used. How hard would it be once the granite was pliable to mix it with other pliable substances and get a composite that matches what exists at these sites? If I remember basic chemestry in order to blend a homogenous mixture from two ingredients they simply need to have similar melting points. Now I am no geologist but I would guess that all granite regardless of color has a similar melting point. As far as the molds go it seems reasonable to presume that using sand molds similar to casting metal would do the job nicely. A scientific mind would get to work trying to prove or disprove it and not nit pick a non native english speakers inability to communicate his idea into your langauge!

[@Davidrcobb]

I read through the comments as well. I didn't see anyone mocking them. One guy quoted them and gave them credit for a great show. Is it possible you may be getting outraged for no reason?

[@Rocksider2525]

Agree to a point. The whole world doesn't speak English. I can work with this.

[@bhijer6457]

right and wrong, it may not be their mother tongue but it seems they manage well words such as stupid and other belittling one's....and at the end it is really difficult to follow this interview, they should have done it in their language. the translators work really well nowadays. every theory is good to hear, at least once! The problems highlighted about the stones in Egypt are more their transportation means and the tools used to carve them. this theory raises so many more issue than solve them... I have a hard time integrating this theory into the framework of Egyptology. However, it remains an innovative solution for the creation of megalithic works

[@nestaismail9189]

It amazes me how you described yourself in a nutshell.

[@simonRTJ]

@@Davidrcobb I thought the same, the criticism was directed at stone softened. lol.

[@erniemajor]

Amazing. How refreshing to hear people actually THINKING and communicating their thoughts. Subscribing. Fascinating stuff.

@@erniemajor thanks a lot!

[@kevinchilds655]

this is very close to answering the question of how they cut granite , well done .lots to think about

[@Beljasion]

If the product mentioned does in fact allow you to melt that type of granite at 800 celcius it appears the answer is staring everyone in the face. They forgot one thing they also had. Dolarite balls. Melting temperature of them is 1200 celcius. That removes the ploblem of the flame blowing it away. Spread the powder over the Granite, heat Dolrite (or whatever those so called pounders are), to hign temperaure with blast furnace then put them on the Granite that was prepared and watch melt and scoop out whats melted. Food for thought and if the waste was usable that would explain why there isn't any large stockpiles of it.

[@yoxat1]

1200 C. Huge stones. Transported from quarries, furnaces?

[@GroberWeisenstein]

@Beljasion there are many problems with this in practice. When using thermal technologies with stone, many different reactions are happening in succession along this spectrum from cold starting temperature to eventual melting of stone into liquid form. It is extremely challenging to melt a mass of stone unless it's placed in a cauldron. I use various thermal technologies to etch, finish, texture, and carve granite, including cutting deep channels in the quarry. Even using my largest most aggressive torch, which burns up to 3,000 degrees centigrade, *melt pooling* is difficult to achieve. The stone surfaces fracture and spall violently into chards and disintegrate into powdered sand. A mass of this debris has loft and stubbornly resists melting because of low thermal conductivity.

[@PaulBrown-uj5le]

@Beljasion who the hell is melting granite back then?, are you effing serious lol, there's exactly 0 evidence for any of what he says it's all talk to make money.

[@PaulBrown-uj5le]

@GroberWeisenstein and where are all these "lost technologies" then, I'll tell you it's in these con artists heads.

[@GroberWeisenstein]

@@PaulBrown-uj5le there's lots of evidence of glazing vitrification that results from various thermal methods, one being firesetting..

[@abefroman5191]

An engineering professor at Derexel University says that some but not all stones have been poured. You can observe the particulate flow from the pour. It's certainly a good idea.

[@peterlandbo2726]

Let's hear from that professor! A professor in Literature? Inuit Studies? Maybe Stamp Collecting?

[@Flyingdutchy33]

Interesting theory and could explain a thing or two. However, The scoop marks at Aswan are, besides on the floor, also vertical on the "walls", and even upside down on the bottom of the obelisk... How does one get molten natron for a prolonged time on these surfaces? I definitely think casting was used in some cases, but we must underscore the fact that precision machining was definitely used. On UnchartedX, they tested vases who were so finely made, the tolerance levels rivaled that of the most precise modern CNC machines. They also include precise mathematical geometry. For those that don't have the engineering background to understand: Even if you were to cast these vases, your mold would have to be precise down to the 1000th of a mm in order to make these vases. In order to make the mold, and measure it to see if you didn't take away enough or whether or not you took away too much material in its creation, you'd need precise machining and measuring. Ergo, even if they came from a mold, what then made the mold? Food for thought. Also, these vases are just 2 to 3mm thick in some cases. They are so thin, they're actually translucent. The grains of the granite in these vases have also been "sanded down" to be flush with the vase itself. If you were to pout this, all your individual grains would have to be precisely aligned and shaped in order to achieve this effect. Needles to say that individually forming each grain is just out of the question, and would require the same level of precision. Machining is therefore the only logical solution, and molding pretty much out of the question. With that said, the first thing I had to think of is the oddly chipped granite surfaces on some of the megaliths. It is suggested that this is evidence of an ancient cataclysm, but if one were to put a rough block of granite in a mold, and cast a slightly different material around it, it stands to reason that these could potentially separate from eachother in a process called "thermal stress". This is the process by which rocks chip naturally due to heating and cooling in day/night cycles. There is quite a temperature differential in the desert there (I've been multiple times), ranging from > +40C to 0C, daily. Also: Aluminium is much, much softer than the blades used in a sawmill. I have plant biology education, and I can tell you right now that the amounts of aluminium in trees, or any plant for that matter, is quite neglible. They can take it up, but it is toxic. If any plant were to pick up quantities enough to harm a blade of a much, much stronger material, then that plant would surely die. Long before that, you would see growth deficiencies, rendering the tree "worthless", and make it a prime candidate for the woodchipper when thinning production forests.

[@Wmu5]

I am very impressed by Marcell Foti honestly and explanation! I like the way he thinks! Classic modern day investigative genius! Thank you for posting! 1:29:27 i totally agree!

[@akusav333]

his theory is bullcrap considering the vases of unchartedx. Even a mold shape cant have those tolerances...

[@BluhmGardens]

Whether you agree with the theory or not, there had to be some knowledge of smelting and casting techniques for the Copper Age to have kicked off. A logical progression would be that the first "rocks" (metals are crystals) that humans were able to smelt and cast were salts, with the process being an accidental discovery from firing pottery. The next logical step would be to experiment with alloys of salts using various rock dusts collected from the creation of stone tools. This would then lead to finding and smelting metal ores, gold probably being the first (despite the "experts" claiming it was lead), of which African gold is usually found in quartz veins... It's not only possible, but plausible that the discovery of metal smelting was an accident while trying to clean up the "dirty" quartz to powder and use as a component for casting salt/stone alloys. And a possible reason that Ancient Egyptians were not the most innovative metallurgist society at that time is because they were still using their ancient techniques of stone casting. And before anyone scoffs at the idea of melting and casting stone alloys, that's exactly what glass making is... And the oldest know evidence of glass making is from 3600 BCE in Ancient Egypt. The "official" narrative is that is was an accidental byproduct of metal smelting, I'm just suggesting that maybe the experts got that backwards and stone casting came first.

[@jamiemorgan4146]

This is a very interesting theory. I liked the discussion, lots of great questions asked.

[@islandmonusvi]

Kudos to the Interviewer…thoughtful and provocative…

Thanks a million! 🙏

[@michaelweaver4439]

Csodálatos munka! - fantasztikus ötletek! Nagyon köszönjük, hogy megosztottad velünk! Amazing work! - amazing ideas! Thank you so much for sharing with us in English

[@theconsummatenerd]

Great interview! I truly enjoyed this subject! He definitely needs funding!

[@kazparzyxzpenualt8111]

Perhaps all the stones ever used which are now considered so hard were much much softer once upon a time. Time hardens many things. Of course the opposite is also true. But I also once heard that a south american bird that builds its nest in sheer cliff walls by choosing a spot and bringing a pulverized plant to help soften the mineral. Eventually a hole is formed with pecking away at the spot treated this way. The ancients observed this behavior and used the technique to do the same thing with their projects or so it is supposed.

[@tonn333]

Which plant, do you know?

[@bobshepard47]

Quartz has always been the same hardness, since the moment it formed. Its crystalline structure is what defines quartz and is also why it is so hard. Quartz forms under very specific conditions, during the cooling of silicon dioxide and oxygen exposed to high heat and high pressure. Because of this it has unchanging physical properties

[@mikegrattan5862]

So refreshing to see and hear some common sense. Sounds so feasible. The Glas beers are compelling. The "Egiptian Natron" is a thing as well. Well done both of you.

[@robertevans9354]

Terrazo is a term that needs to be used when discussing this topic guys , I think its a link to the past that we are discussing here . Handed down generation to generation and proving your hypothesis correct on many different levels

[@OlivierThibaudeau]

As a frenchcanadian I relate to your translation difficulties!! Thumb up guys👍 and I like the theory by the way

[@timgstar3585]

Excellent job guys very easy to follow and understand 👍👍

Super interesting. One thing I didn't understand was how to go from waterglass and "granite grains" to rock. Do you mix them together and heat the mix to create "fluid rock"?

[@jolimerius3462]

what about the wood quantity required to make all this charcoal ? how much forest have you to burn to remove so much stone layer after layer ?

[@Fgway]

Some say the potassium craze in "new world" america was an example of what happens. Parallel story but similar. On the other hand he has been investigating what crops would provide the right mix of minerals in its ash. I believe he's found that resinous crops serve best aside from resinous trees. There are melted stones in Europe from where earth kilns were fueled by such things like grouse which are very resinous and smoulder well over long periods.

[@dans4125]

you dont need charcoal. egyptians had access to large amounts of bitumen, a natural petroleum oil stone compound. was used in lots of things in ancient times including waterproofing, especially in this area of the world at that time

[@NEKRWSPHERE]

This is the number 2 reason why all the "Egyptians melted it" hypotheses fall apart. Number 1 reason being the massive amount of wood needed to make all kinds of differently shaped molds (which incidentally makes the "it's all cement" hypotheses fall apart as well). And where are any of the remains of these crates? Where are any remains of "water glass" or charcoal embedded in any of the quarry rocks? Are there any chemical markers for those near the "scoop marks" at Aswan? Where are parts of those bellows? When you cast something like those perfectly flat boxes at the Serapeum, - how exactly are those surfaces more than 100 times smoother than the wooden walls of any modern crate? How do they get the bubbles out thousands of years before vacuum technology, because no split Egyptian stone ever had a single bubble (which would have been a telltale sign of molding)? Has there been even one gypsum (or any other material) casting crate for any statue found? Why not? Whoever thinks the host was "provocative" is delusional. Any Egyptologist worth his degree would make this dude's dominoes fall apart very quickly. Gosh, even the people like UnchartedX could probably pick holes in this idea very quickly.

[@ToxiCom-777]

Why do you think Egypt is now a desert ? LOL

[@ToxiCom-777]

Jeff Drum / LAND OF CHEM proposes Great Pyramid generated Methane from cattle dung. Would that suffice?

[@thetruenolan6655]

I think that the geopolymers were used to cast large stones, but there is evidence that they also had a more liquid version used for "polishing" surfaces. If you look closely at the lids of the Seraphium boxes, they are glossy. Some people have said they look as if the surface was melted -- but if you look at the lower edges you may notice some drips. Not viscous drips like melted stones, but smaller drips, the kind you would get if you use a geopolymer varnish. The same polish is seen in Peru, and when a flake of the polished surface was examined, it was an aluminum-silicate polymer.

[@wesandy22]

What a great insight !!.. Geopolymer concrete and pliable granite and molds... Therein should be found the answer to most of the Ancient Egyptian stoneworks mysteries. Thank you 👍👍

[@ReptillianHumanoids]

It was a carved with advanced technology of the Non human gods-Popol Vuh

[@domselaar]

The way the guy talks is perfect for my imsomniac nights. Thanks!

[@doubleminttwins]

What is the point of having someone on to interview if you're going to have such a hostile attitude? Yes he is doing things that are different than anyone we have seen yet by changing the property of granite yet you keep asking and bring me up different issues to show how what he is making is not exactly like the Egyptians made thousands of years ago . We don't know how the Egyptians did the pyramids but it takes people like this doing experiments to find out. What is the point of saying it's not the same color, where's the material going to come from, but you have to wait till the water goes down, so much negativity. If he knew exactly what the Egyptians did to make scoop marks and build pyramids He wouldn't be trying to figure out how to substitute the process. If you're not interested in hearing what a person has to say then don't have them on your podcast just to be dismissive and passive-aggressive.

[@Gecmajster123456]

1:26:54 naturally occuring granite is a glued material.. that's why you need to have a hostile attitude, to question what nonsense he said..

[@charlesstewart9246]

​@@Gecmajster123456I think he ment the granite is " glued " with quarts,replace the quarts and you have "another " form of glued substance. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🤔👍🏻🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿

[@Elm115]

He's just asking questions. That's what you do. Many questions about every little difference. I believe whoever built the pyramids may have found a way to melt/change the stone, but I don't get butt hurt when someone is questioning the process. That's the Scientific method. Questions Questions questions. I'm on the toilet as most here are and your reply is anticipated because my laughing helps to speed up the process, and when I'm done with your comments, I can flush it away as well. Geez.

Thank you! This just made my day! 🤣

[@mushroomtea01]

No he was OK.. maybe ur being to sensitive

[@zicho1st]

1:33:00 As far as I remember, there are "scoop" marks on those vases. My guess, after showing this video, is that they were made with simple soft tools when the material was soft. I think that with different mixture the geopolymers will not hard in seconds, but maybe hours or days. So they work with that material like with normal clay for pottery, using hands or some sticks to bruise that still soft material and than let is harden. Also, there is a possibility that they used heat to reactivate geopolymer after forming it to the shape they wanted. Maybe the whole difference in process was adding some extra material into already used clay.

[@bryane154]

If over 4000 we have all these great minds and technology and we are still theorizing how it was done... Its clear the egyptians didnt do all this. There are over a hundred pyramids and thousands of status, sites and megaliths that add up to millions of pounds, stones, dust and as this video says ash. When we talk about these numbers it just doesnt makes sense, specially cause the tschnology was lost and there is no records of how any of this was done, not rven hieroglyphs, and they used to document everything so why leave out their expertise? Every egyptian must have been a fine craftman and they must had everyone working on these structures all day. Remember that the pyramids at giza have over 2.3 million stones. If you were to just COUNT to 2.3 millions itd take you over 60 days of non stop counting, now imagine cutting, moving, shaping and placing all these things in such a sophisticated way, it jsut doesnt adds up.

[@LadyLeda2]

That is if they cut, moved shaped and placed all those stones. Moulds would be easier. Or we can believe Graham Hancock that there was a civilization on Earth before us that was more advanced and we lost these skills because of some great cataclysm that wiped out most of the world's population. The pyramids were built before this happened so were many other things all over the Earth according to Graham. It is clear the Egyptians did not build the pyramids, especially if you go to the museum in Cairo and look at their display of cooper tools they had at the time they say the pyramids were built. They must think we are stupid if they want us to believe that all those stones in the 3 pyramids were cut with these soft cooper tools. So I vote for moulds. Why is it that there are no moulds found in Egypt? They have been destroyed by the government. Egypt as a country would be very very poor if it was not for tourism. They wish to keep the narrative that was given to them all those years ago by explorers and archeologyist. That is my take on it. What is yours?

[@taaskeprins]

There are calculations showing this could easely be done.

[@Its_Shaun_the_Sheep]

Yeah you know who couldn’t do it! Who did? The pixies maybe? Go look at Malta megaliths so much older.

[@Its_Shaun_the_Sheep]

@@taaskeprinswhy would they use machines to cut stone instead of using advanced materials like the machine is made from to make pyramids! 😂

[@MSA]

Let me tell you something .. someone did it... And didn't share their knowledge or it is lost to us... Wether it's the Egyptians or not. But even if they didn't do it an even older and more primitive culture did it? Makes no sense. Were they more advanced? Why is there no record of them? Egyptians ruled for 3000 years ... They had plenty of time to do all the great things they did

[@bottplug2272]

My theory how the pyramids were built was the blocks were poured. The loose material was transported by river to the base of site. The structure was constructed from the centre and outwards. Each of the blocks were formed and then poured, the compacted. So for the ground level you would have formed a square with the very centre left void. Poured the ring of blocks with four sides, allowed to dry overnight, then next day remove the formwork and install it one block width away. They could have used the previous block as a wall to pour up against. As they went up levels they would transport the loose material through the centre of the structure using those inclined passageways and then poured the blocks from the centre to the outer edge.

[@henrikonnou7466]

It sounds like Davidovits’ theory.

[@williamwillis1309]

I have always stated that the ancient structures were molded or poured into place. When you drill into a sample, you find that they consist of a concrete like substance.

[@kicknantas7578]

no you don't.

[@michaeldbhawker3556]

Really ? Where is the proof of this bullshit

[@williamwillis1309]

@@michaeldbhawker3556 have you ever been there? I’ve seen the destruction that war causes giant statues. I have witnessed the crude stone that is the core of most statues and how they are covered with the smooth outer surface. I’ve seen a British team drill into the casing stones to find ash, sea shells and lime. Have you even been to the Middle East? You might want to educate yourself a little.

[@aaronlarsen7447]

With the etching method, i can see etching a large block and breaking away the etched material to reveal a more manageable block in the rough shape desired. Splitting granite the way we have for millenia seems easier.

[@tomszabo7350]

Why etch it though? A large impact force will fracture the quartz crystals. Further shock force in the same plane will propagate the fracture. Granite is easily split by propagation of crystal fracture along grain boundary. Pounding to form scoops does the same thing ... the angle of impact creates a fracture propagation that is subhorizontal. Further impact at right angle to that fracture plane will quickly remove large volumes of material. The trick is it requires a force multiplier to create sufficient impact, not simply hand pounding. This is achieved with something as simple as a log tied to a rope (which transfers swing momentum to a dolerite pounding stone).

[@al2207]

what kind of granite did you used ? , normally in chemistry the only thing that dissolve quartz is hydrofluoric acid , very skeptical of the result you obtain

[@TylerChamb]

The natron he used isn't dissolving the granite, it is just attacking the quartz in it. Quartz acts as the glue holding granite composite together, so knocking it out weakens the granite and basically decomposes it. It's not really dissolving the granite, just weakening it.

[@Fgway]

When that type of sodium is hot enough it is acting like a solvent to sio2. Water glass is the product, and the challenge appears to be how exactly to harvest and manipulate at a primitive level.

[@Snoozerboozer]

46:15 the pictures clearly show that something is heated to the melting point in a pot and then poured into a mold. they don't etch the floor. I don't see it as they pour it into small vases, but into many funnels to a big mold.

[@ld2906]

Marcell is intriguing. His view on things is untarnished and therefore untrammelled to the point almost of childlike innocence, without being in any way childish. I've observed these qualities in others. They inspire hope in a world perceived through the eyes of a tired civilisation. A civilisation populated by many who are secretly suspicious of their exhaustion. It is said that the universe is discovered anew through the eyes of a child. To retain that quality as a man is essential if we are to break through the simulacrum that is the source of our exhaustion. There is great wisdom in it. It will, however, be perceived as a threat to incumbents. 'Incumbents' being both those who subscribe willingly or otherwise to the simulacrum and those, indeed, who propagate it.

[@fencerd02]

We need lots more experimentation like this, great job.

[@tequilamockingbird2743]

I’ve walked on the abandoned obelisk scoops and thought each scoop had been a fire, then the embers pulled into the next scoop and the hot one quenched with water to thermal shock the stone flaking bits off ready to pound.

[@mattstroker]

Loved this episode, inspite of the language difficulties.

@@mattstroker thank you!

[@wesandy22]

This is already making so much more sense, than all the other fantastic theories on Ancient Egyptian stone works!.. except of course the geopolymer and mold (casting) theory. It’s all ancient concrete!! After seeing Prof Davidovitz theory on the composition of the Pyramid stone blocks, it became clear to me that they must have found a way to also “soften “ the granite into a pliable and easily moldable form.

[@fridafelin]

Must watch again, didn't get the message first time. The interviewer is really patient, like it! I listened to the podcast 1,5x faster, couldn't process otherwise, the it-guy talking tooooo sloooowlyyy... :) I like both of them, very different, very positive NO FAKE - vibe. Thank you, Hungarian guys, I have a Hungarian colleague.... Good people! Bad president, though....

@@fridafelin thank you! 😃

[@OldWorldBelgium]

Great podcast! Good to hear that some People still use their brains to think. Very interesting times we live in. Our history will be rewritten by those who question the narrative!

Thank you!

[@crazyjimmiy]

great show from both of you, I really enjoyed it =)

Awesome, thank you!

[@zoplonix_reverse_engineering]

You don't need a 1000ft tall pipe if you boil the water. The obelisk doesn't have any dirt on it making it a different color. The Nile river next to the Aswan quarry has plenty of water for any operation in the desert. Where do I find the pictures of the board imprints in the rocks in Peru? I've got a video on how they make the vases. Very cool research

[@emmanuelroy1608]

Very interesting, thank you for that. You should get in touch with professor Joseph Davidovits, he is the word expert on geopolymer. He also demonstrated in his books how they did it in ancient time. And did a real successful experiment in France a decade ago. I think they created 5 blocks out of geopolymer, a tonne each. For me it is not so much the material that is a question anymore, it's more the complexity and the precision of these buildings. We are talking about millimeter precision on hundreds meters scale, and blocks that can weigh tonnes. And as far as I know, I printed the first geopolymer house with modern equipment of course, and we were far from the precision of the pyramids. Thanks again, you guys have an amazing accent 😉

Thank you! 🤗

[@courtneyturner5083]

he just published a new KZbin video (last week) showing how granite stone was made in addition to hard vases.

[@valetta202]

Probabably learned from the surviving Atlanteans when they seeded the earliest great civilizations after their demise. Well done boys, I liked this enormously. Thank you.

Thanks a million!

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

the Atlanteans were BLACK and modern archeology is RACIST for not pursuing the original creators of CIVILIZATION.

[@taaskeprins]

@@AustinKoleCarlisle The Atlanteans could not have been BLACK because they were not there, or anyware 🙂. Not sure if that is RACISM though .........😁

@@AustinKoleCarlisle 😅

[@AustinKoleCarlisle]

reverse psychology...

[@halhansen778]

From a good comment below: Where are all of the machines used in building the Panama Canal: The construction of the Panama Canal in 1914 used a variety of machines, including: Steam shovels: 102 new railroad-mounted steam shovels, including the Bucyrus 95-ton steam shovel, which was marketed as the most powerful ever built at the time Dredges: 20 dredges, replacing obsolete French paddle wheel dredges Cranes: More than 50 cranes Other equipment: 560 drills, giant hydraulic rock crushers, cement mixers, and pneumatic power drills

[@Machine9000]

When i was younger i worked as an IT consultant at a marble sales company where slabs were cut with water jets to shape the countertops for bathrooms and kitchens. The water cut the slabs like a laser and fast! But that the slab is no more than 6 inches thick. Keep that in mind. I dont know how deep the water jets could penetrate.

Hmm yes. This is so true!

[@norbertdrage]

Depending on the application, the cutting abrasive (usually fine garnet at ~200 micron) can cut pretty nicely, but deeper cuts have problems with kerf (aka width of cut)

[@fontainedenton]

You need At least 15.000 psi water jet to cut concrete.

[@Its_Shaun_the_Sheep]

Proves mohs scale is a useless argument

[@richtomlinson7090]

We have ours, set at 50,000 psi, and we use 80 grit garnet.

[@me_and_me_]

Good work guys, really, really, really good work, and good theory too!!

Thanks a million!

[@sinarcksteven1861]

Excellent video !

Thank you! 🙏

[@Unit8200-rl8ev]

The megalithic blocks are each one different and unique. If they used a single mold to make the blocks, the blocks should all look exactly alike. Why would they construct a new mold for each new block? It would have been easier and more efficient to just carve each block individually, instead of making a new mold for each block.

[@taaskeprins]

They probably did not have the same quantity of geo-polymer. Did you watch the presentation on his website? Perhaps they did use a number of molds depending on the available volume of geo-polymer. The depth of these stone was always the same anyway; shape, hight and width differed in walls.

[@macawism]

The variety of shapes lock the blocks together for resilience in earthquake prone places

[@rosskstar]

Perhaps they used a solution to soften an outer layer, not the whole rock. So only a rough shape was needed to be quarried

[@nikkismith6106]

35:30, the surface finish makes the colour appear different.

[@tomszabo7350]

Geologists use microscopy to analyze crystalline structure. It is not a problem to distinguish natural vs artificial stone. The idea of using a water glass to make any of the stonework is simply not supported. That said, it is possible some finishes were achieved by incorporating natron to create a very smooth vitreous finish. I would recommend exploring this idea instead. Also, the scoop marks at Aswan would not be easier to create using natron. A force multiplier to drive the pounding stones into the granite and fracture the quartz crystals would be faster.

[@johnkemas7344]

Water glass/sand based castings cured with Carbon dioxide gas, ( modern mold cores for metal casting) are hard yes, but easily dissolve in water, making them non-weather proof.

[@tomszabo7350]

@johnkemas7344 yes that's a good point, it is very improbable that any water glass or similar material would have anywhere near the weather resistance and durability of natural stone.

[@DavidMuresan1993]

Very fascinating guys, and you did a good job describing this process in a language you guys don’t speak all the time! I’ve struggled through trying to speak in very broken Spanglish when I was on a mission trip in Guatemala, and it is so frustrating not speaking your first language if you’re not fluent in said language 😂 I did get to see Tikal on that trip in 2015 which was an eye opener. I’m interested to hear your ideas about Peru next time maybe? Have a blessed day fellas!

Thank you! I would like to extend the topic of the podcast to other ancient sites too, but i have to learn more about them first.

[@rossnolan7283]

What is 'metacolin' (sic) ? I could not understand the word or the text like to know. Thanks

@@rossnolan7283 en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metakaolin

[@franciscorompana2985]

I'm have to investigate more. Thanks for your top notch research. Best regards from Portugal 🇵🇹

[@KevAF_]

In the area where they let you pound stones near the obelisk, Is there any evidence of and progress made from all the tourists trying it? and I also wonder how many years and the amount of time people are there attempting this. It seems like we've had this ongoing experiment for years and I haven't been able to locate any compiled data.

[@Gecmajster123456]

pounding stones is just another circus like experiment, the same as this guy has done with his miniature statues.. unbelievable honestly..

[@Qwazier3]

The tourists pounding stone is part of conditioning them to believe the narrative put out there. Most people are not going to question it. BUT we will.

[@Titus9508]

In the UK there are ancient quarry sites where Sarsen stones were carved using 'pounding' . Part finished stones are there, the pounding stones etc. This is magical thinking, nothing more, the real evidence has been understood for centuries.

[@lordofthestings]

​@@Titus9508no way

[@rs6730]

I think they found a natural acid that can make the stone soft.. then the acid drains out of those notches when they put too much acid or need less space between rocks.

[@energ8t]

It’s an interesting theory revisited, but there’s still many unanswered questions that don’t seem to fit within this theory if it is assumed to be used for most granite forming processes. First and foremost, we are operating under the assumption that “the Egyptians didn’t have_______”. This is assuming two things: 1) That the most ancient advanced sites were actually Egyptian when they could easily predate modern assumptions. 2) That the ancient civilizations were lacking certain types of tools and expertise when we can easily find their expertise within the tolerances, stone sizes and complex design (internal chambers, etc.). Even the King’s Valley chambers are dug out of solid granite/earth. Removing masses of granite using some natron seems far-fetched (if he would propose Natron for that use). When we look at the tube drill spiral grooves artifacts and precision, what doesn’t fit is that these tube drill wall thicknesses were very thin and metal. This alone shows that the ancient (Khemetians?) had advanced use of metals even though we cannot find any of those tools. When it comes to lathing stone “vases”, the most key thing to consider is that in order to maintain tolerances and accuracy on these parts, you would have to have tooling fixtures secure enough to withstand the torques and hold the parts securely in place in addition to the proper metal tools to cut the stones efficiently and effectively. The only things effective at maintaining these tolerances would be metal and ball bearing or at the least a very high tolerance bushing of some kind and that might likely be a stretch (compared to ball bearings). Certainly the stone appears to have been “softened” somehow, but I believe the softening process more than likely affected the whole mass of a stone, rather than just the surface, and perhaps was executed using some kind of acoustic/energetic process we are still clueless to. This might also have been a process to lessen the mass of the stone materials as well. This seems to dovetail with the similar tech that seems to have been employed in the use of many of these advanced ancient sites with internal underground granite structures etc, revealing measurements which hint toward advanced acoustics and infrasound. This acoustic advanced utilization would make sense from a lost tech POV which is why we seem to be blind to it as we don’t use technology in this way with our energy/design. I did agree with the guests POV that the geo-polymers (or simply softened stone) was likely formed with pretty much no wood or molds. That theory makes zero sense to create individual molds for every stone. The “polymers” would also require zero shrinkage in order to be molded in place and have zero gaps. Another thought on natron… if the “Atlantean” era ancients built the most advanced structures, it’s possible the natron was absent in the ancient past, but present for the “reboot” cultures (Khemetians/Egyptians) as a by-product of an ancient flood which dumped the sands and ocean water over that region. Just an additional thought. Great talk overall and looking into various methods is always a plus.

[@islandmonusvi]

Indeed…sonic resonance and harmonic oscillation may have been the focus of much research. Including the isolation chambers with stepped vaults and shafts built into the various pyramids. How powerful is deep sound…what is the heartbeat of Earth …we now call it the Schumann Resonance 7.83hz. Spend a few days or weeks isolated within the confines of a secured Kings Chamber. Like taking a trip into deep TimeSpace…guaranteed to change your perspective.

[@robertpeters9438]

They worshiped the sun. Could they have used gold mirrors to reach high temperatures?

[@AarniJoakim]

At the Aswan quarry there are signs of the classic chisel and wooden wedge techniquebeing used. In theory, chiseling channels in close proximity to one another would allow natron to be poured in, then heated and subsequently worked. Escaping heat would not be a problem using this technique. Etching the granite this way and hacking down with a tool such as copper blade could even explain some of the scoop marks.

[@worLDinheritance962]

Egypt is my country and I am proud

[@LadyLeda2]

You are so lucky to live in a country with such a rich history. Thousands of years of history!!! I live in the USA. We have only the Native American History that goes back only a few thousand years. I always tell people that I was born in the wrong country.

[@worLDinheritance962]

Indeed, you are right that Egypt is great in all aspects, with a unique location, antiquities, history and people. I thank you

[@worLDinheritance962]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/sH2nfZiMmduZY68@@LadyLeda2

[@edmondsandy5242]

Great theory. I have studied ancient alchemy and understanding of chemistry. I also have a geo polymer theory that uses instead of water use a filler which is a preservative like salt, alcohol or oil. This process i hope will allow for a longer time to set which can be shaped or molded into the desred shape or stamping of drawings into the concrete. I believe that the granite can be dissolved and rebonded with heat. Granite quarries should have fine grains of granite and quartz that nature naturally does over thousands of years every mountain side has broken down granite. It's great that he broke down the granite and quartz with chemicals back into grain form without building his flintstone machine like the scientists who ask where are the huge grinding machines to crush granite to grain form. IT guy 1 scientists 0. Determination over science. Nature is the biggest grinder of stone, granite or mountain. Simply collect the granite quartz sand grains and rebond together. Would a less acidity pine ash allow for a slower dry time. I have been burning and collecting white pine and needles ash for a couple of years that I will mix with either salt. After watching this video i wonder if the salt will effect the already neutral process for dissolving the quartz bonding agent. Food for thought

[@Killianwsh]

Very interesting video. I think he should research Professor Davidavits's work with Geopolymers. He created the Geo-Polymer Institute in France & is currently one of the world leaders in the field. He was the first researcher to prove the limestone blocks of the Pyramids were mixed and formed from re-aglomerated decomposing lime stone , water & Kaolin clay. Davidavits even reproduced several multi-ton limestone blocks with nothing more "high tech" than a few water vessels, a few shovels, and some hand mad wooden forms, almost identical to the ones shown in the Heiroglyph images in this video.

[@harryman8378]

I went into the Cairo museum to see some of the exhibits etc. the unfinished granite box 📦 etc. if you look at the cut on the back of the box 📦. You can see the guide line they make for cutting. It’s not scraped on. It looks like it’s high pressure liquid. Also the cut is polished. Same with the core samples. ( when they drilled holes into granite). All polished. Very different from modern techniques etc. I think 🤔 this guys original idea was correct. High pressure water jets. 👍👍👍👍. He gave this idea up. Because he couldn’t find a way to make it work with primitive technology. This is a mistake because he’s not following the evidence. Just because you can’t find machines doesn’t mean they didn’t exist………(. The machines that make the huge engineering marvels in modern times are few and far between ). It would be silly 🙃 in thousands of years in the future. If future generations found the remains of the Golden Gate Bridge for example. Or the Panama Canal. To say. We can’t find the machines. We can only find chisels and hammers. Therefore they must have built these things with hand tools 🛠️. Ridiculous right. 👍. Now we know how these bridges and canals where built. But you’d have a hard time finding the original equipment. Even today. Let alone thousands of years later. It’s like for example. The Volkswagen Beetle. Build in the millions. Try finding one today. ???????

[@freedomtowander]

That’s an incredibly valid point. Imagine looking for a tunnel boring machine in 4000 years

[@oldskool235]

They did find the machines, they are all over the Giza complex in plain sight. Instead of looking like machines, they are now huge rust deposits.

[@harryman8378]

@@oldskool235 You could well be right 👍my friend. Given the extreme age. They would all be rusted away. I also remember hearing something about napoleon’s troops dragging machines out of the great pyramid. No way of knowing if that’s true. But I live in Belfast. The city was once full of linen mills. Full of machinery. The machines are long gone. The building. What remains. Are now apartments. Try finding the machines. You’ll find it difficult. Only a few remain in museums etc.

[@lucaslittmarck2122]

I have also thought about water jets. There is jewelry from Cyprus and Egypt made of sapphires that they drilled and put on gold necklaces. Try drilling sapphires... It's even hard using diamonds because of vibrations.

[@seanOfLegend]

I think you're close, rammed earth with geo polymer in the mix. Once water is added it's rock solid. Compact the dry "cement" earth mixture by pounding then add water or in some cases fire by kiln or just building a large fire around the structure like the forts in Scotland

[@Severe_CDO_Sufferer]

at 38:38 👉 Desquamation It's a common thing with artificial stone.

Thats it, thank you!

[@RealJacco]

I really like your intro 😮 Now im gonna watch the episode

Thanks a million! 🙏

[@ludimaes1]

I love listening to different ideas

[@KyalJames]

geopolymer chads we're so fucking back

[@BleachedWheat]

What is he saying at 11:26-11:36, about the name of the thing that desolves quartz? In CC, it reads "molon nron" or "mnron", but it sounds like hes saying "motornature"! And, after you chemically break down the granite, can you reconstitute it?

[@HChandler2010]

I've thought for a couple years that they used sodium silicate to polish the granite, some granite boxes have drip marks around the edge

[@kemico1272]

Don't forget that the precision vases show drill core marks at the base inside. This is indicative of being shaped from a single piece of stone as opposed to being molded.

That is true indeed!

[@robertevans9354]

This hypotheses seems very plausible to me , so much so that I can quit worring about it now , and I will watch your other videos too now since you guys are smart ,

[@robertevans9354]

High guys thank you very much for your theory which seems to be fact , your english is good enough to let me understand what you say just fine ,

[@kipbarnhill8848]

The question I always ask myself is why did they use granite to make these structures. Why make something in the hardest possible way. I think the only 2 reasons are 1. Because it's a sign of skill. But if this was the case why don't we see them building up to it. We almost see the reverse. 2. Is the granite wasn't as hard to work with as we think. They must have had a technique or tool. This makes more sense logically unfortunately we don't have evidence to prove it.

[@ToxiCom-777]

Things of this magnitude are done only out of need. Granite same. It was necessary for conductive property? Was it somehow a reagent? Resistant to chemical? If they could economize, they would have, just like all animals, always all down through forever.

[@Its_Shaun_the_Sheep]

Some of these people aren’t as sensible as you and i to question everything. If people think machines made it then why use stone and not the same material the machine is made from? I’ve seen marble statues worn down an inch or more by getting touched constantly over centuries. Mohs scale is not useful with abrasive methods.

[@Its_Shaun_the_Sheep]

Some of these people aren’t as sensible as you and i to question everything. If people think machines made it then why use stone and not the same material the machine is made from? I’ve seen marble statues worn down an inch or more by getting touched constantly over centuries. Mohs scale is not useful with abrasive methods.

[@fontainedenton]

Also, Aswan granite is only 5% quartzite… I don’t think dissolving 5% of the granite at Aswan would create those scoop marks. Not to mention the holes in Aswan… If natron was used to help the “drill” holes then how are the threads still visible?

[@quasimojo7399]

Excellent, intriguing and thought provoking research. Thank you.

Thank you and you are welcome!🙏

[@GaryPears-z1p]

It's cast much like modern day geo polymers,it's everywhere on earth

[@Zone8-jk]

WOW. This is the beginning of finding out. We must try it out....He's not saying he found the exact way. He's saying he found the beginning of an avenue to explore! If we stop exploring then, we stop advancing. I like his theory. I believe he will find a way to make it work or find out why it won't work out and go another route.

[@8osWeReTheBest]

I'm sold on scoop marks but not on wall blocks or statues. Good discussion

[@jeremiahtree-dweller7370]

cool video; coolest part was watching the natron get poured onto the granite. But there was a thumbnail video blocking most of it unfortunately

[@abba95521a]

very enlightening discussion!!! so irritated i don't have a place to experiment with this stuff.

[@Wallace-w1o]

This is how they fit so good

[@Sutoraida1975]

I wonder if a large tuning fork would work just as well as a vibrating massager to remove bubbles in a poured geopolymer? Since they didn't have devices back then... But did they have tuning forks?

Yes its in the museum in Cairo

[@ToxiCom-777]

Videos of Hoover Dam construction show massive vibrators being dunked into the wet concrete, the vibe-out all the bubbles.

[@phillipvella9987]

So what you are seeing in that depiction of the ancient geopolymer method, is the creation of a statue, so it is showing the extraction and processing of the ores, minerals, silica, quartz etc and the mixture is heated up and then it is poured into that red clay mould box through the funnels on top

[@MichaelFerraro-bt4ig]

I’m sure you’re onto something 👍 nice demonstration

[@Rocksider2525]

Very interesting work. This is something anyone researching the work of the Egyptians has asked themselves. Could they have melted granite? This is the first attemp at doing it Ive ever seen. Im half way through the video so....lets see where we go

[@Sanmayce]

Having so much sand along with the supposedly hi-tech allowing high-temperatures - one question arises, why Ancient Egypt was not a ... Glass Building Civilization.

[@alexanderstrelnikov]

Take a look at for example Tutankamons mask, the blue lines are actually fabricated glass. The oldest known examples of glass are from mesopotamia and ancient egypt.

[@dananorth895]

Egypt produced large quantities of glass, but very little survives. Glass is amorphous non crystaline structure. Technically a liquid that melts/flows over hundreds and thousands of years. If you had a glass cup 2000 years ago it would have been stolen, broken or melted back into the sand/rock. Unlike crystal or metals which are much more stable through time and chemical process.

[@franciscorompana2985]

​@@dananorth895some windows glass from some "Scottish" pubs are literally melted. I don't know the composition but they must be different.

[@gazpal]

​@franciscorompana2985 they used spun glass. This is where the glass is initially blown to form a large bulb, which is then cut while a kiln temperature and opened to form a flat disk. Re-attached at it's centre to the pipe, the glass is then re-heated and spun to form a larger flat disk (the glass blower often stood on a raised platform) before laying down to cool and be cut. It's much the reason why windows used small panes of glass and virtually every piece of the glass disk would be used. The central bulb remnant would also be used and is commonly known as a bulls-eye. Glass (a semi solid material which is neither a solid or liquid) window panes typically slump over a period of time and - in spite of being crafted at an even thickness - can very slowly become thicker at the bottom.

[@vinniecartermusic]

Well remember a lot of people who subscribe to these theories also have great supporting evidence for pushing these advanced ancient Egyptians further back around 11000bc and further, a time when the area was not a desert.

[@Naturally_CDG]

Where is this youtube video of the guy dissolving the pyramid stone in boiling water???

[@MasterOvPuppetz]

you mean sandstone

[@philoso377]

The term softening implies a process from hard to soft. However the theoretician have forgotten to describe the end process after soften that is how it went through from soft to hard.

[@randywollin5732]

I beg to differ, but I respect your thoughts on this. But if this is the way they shaped all of the cut stones in antiquity, it would take a tremendous amount of resources to do it. Cant imagine where they would get all of the required elements of this but I could see them using this for some smaller projects. But there is plenty of proof that machine tools were used in making the cuts on a number of stone artifacts.

[@samkavanagh-mills5097]

If you can prove it can be done, it would prove how they transported the rose granite pillars from Egypt, over the Lebanese mountains, to Baalbek! 👍

[@AlexanderFarley]

Good interview, checking out his website now

Thanks a million!

[@jezzamobile]

Presents a weak theory then undermines his credibility 100% at the end by dismissing the mathematical precision of the vases. 😳

[@onemanmob6756]

Why would you rely on the Egyptian depictions of stone softening/shaping, if we know FOR SURE that all the ancient megaliths (including those in Egypt) pre-date those depictions by many thousands of years and also knowing that the Egyptians themselves did not use those advanced techniques??? It's like relying on a blind person's depiction of a sunset....

[@EllisonBallard-m4y]

Glass beads and glass jewelry that act like a "magnifying glass." Were the ancient Egyptians so unobsevant that the glass had magnifying properties ?

[@luke9911]

@@EllisonBallard-m4yfresnel lens