APFSDS-T VS Various Armor (AL Alloy, RHA, Tungsten Alloy, Depleted Uranium, Titanium, Plastic, Iron)

This Video Present the APFSDS-T penetration against the various armor materials. The APFSDS-T dimensions and materials are equivalent to 120mm L23A1 APFSDS-T, while 700 mm thick armor with different materials (Aluminum alloy, steel, RHA, Tungsten Alloy, Depleted Uranium, Titanium, Plastic, Maraging Steel,Plastic, etc) are considered.
Note: Plastic does not used as vehicle armor as single material, but it can be used in composite armor with combination of others armor materials.
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[@GuyFromJupiter]

Maraging steel seems pretty ideal in this case, having comparable performance to depleted uranium and tungsten alloys while weighing half as much, likely being much less expensive, and also likely able to be produced in much larger quantities.

[@snaredrum5167]

Yeah but if you want appropriate protection you need a crap ton more steel which is not just heavier in total but bulkier. And yeah it would be cheaper, but it's for a tank anyway. They're willing to spend the money

[@DS-wl5pk]

Well we need composites because HEAT, but it also saves weight when trying to make it immune to kinetic rounds. If you went with only steel, you’d need to consider HEAT performs best against that and now you need 8 feet of steel in multiple places

[@skitidet4302]

@@DS-wl5pk Or you could use ERA or NERA to deal with HEAT. It's by far the most low weight solution if you want more HEAT protection and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation Russian ERA even have decent effects on APFSDS projectiles as well, especially the later generations.

[@gotanon8958]

Assuming they work 100% which they dont.

[@termitreter6545]

Even normal armor steel beats tungsten/DU in this kind of homogenous armor. In reality though, pretty much every modern tank uses composite armor, which combines materials like steel, plastics, ceramics and tungsten/DU, to get the most out of their specific properties. Its also used in a fairly complex setup, with lots of empty spaces inbetween armor plates. Something like an Abrams or Leo2 turret has way more space dedicated to armor than you might think.

[@Dagreatdudeman]

Time to google "maraging steel"

[@FritzLeAngel]

My raging steel

[@BMW2002M10]

Angry mother steel😂

[@Gallium_AA]

Holy hell!

[@firehoax9230]

​@@Gallium_AAactual zombie

[@CM-NightDK]

@@firehoax9230 call the exorcist!

[@polskark]

so i guess lego tanks are not valid in ww3😭😭

[@duckindustries526]

No armor is the best armor

[@sullafelix4885]

1:43 "Strnegth" & "periecring" When you spend countless hours perfecting your physics simulation, only to be done in by forgetting to turn on a spell checker. Do not worry, we have all been there. A most excellent animation highlighting how different materials react.

[@matthayward7889]

Fantastic! 1:04 I particularly appreciate having the comparative weights for the armour

[@extremeengineeringsimulati5627]

thanks.

[@megan00b8]

Exactly this, they make a lot of difference

[@gween_val2551]

@@extremeengineeringsimulati5627 you said du was first but tungsten alloy has less pen and less weight

[@gween_val2551]

@@extremeengineeringsimulati5627 ah i am retard lower weight is worse

[@Lytox_literaly_him]

for anyone wondering, maraging steel is a steel with nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, a little bit of titanium and way less carbon than regular steel which makes dummy thicc, dummy solid and very good at stopping fast moving progectiles. you're welcome :)

[@CS-zn6pp]

Just how far into an infinite polyethylene block could the round penetrate. Just at a guesstimate I'm saying 1650mm.

[@vornamenachname_]

my guess would be 2500mm

[@clintcarpentier2424]

Juss throwing this out there, butt... 100mm is about 4 inches. Short of a warship, anything more than a 300mm (almost a foot) thick, is an immobile fortress... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer_VIII_Maus

[@sciencechicken7669]

Id be interested to see this done with a Osmium target. I know that that would be in a way irrelevant for any real life use due to its high cost and scarsity.

[@nnelg8139]

Hm, other strange materials to try: Limestone Quartz Diamond Glass Ceramic Cheese Sodium Bronze Lead Ice Dry Ice Highly Enriched Uranium Oobleck Adamantine (Dwarf Fortress) Gold

[@sciencechicken7669]

@@nnelg8139 Osmium isn't really that of an weird material. It is special but more so it should make excelent armour due to its density and yild strenght.

[@nullpointer6402]

@@nnelg8139 Hmmm yes use uncontrolled nuclear fission to stop anti-tank rounds

[@thegreatzoom5073]

@@sciencechicken7669 I'd like to see that simulated too. Osmium is quite brittle and heavy though so if it performs well it would probably be better suited as an alloy or reinforced by some other strong, durable material. Similar to tungsten.

[@sciencechicken7669]

@The Yangem Im aware of this and this was mentioned in my mesage.

[@WildBillCox13]

Most interesting. Thanks for running the simulations and placing appropriate text in such a way as to maximize communication.

[@extremeengineeringsimulati5627]

Glad you liked it!

[@JoakimfromAnka]

It would be nice to see a comparison of armor by weight as well. X kg of Fe, Ti, U etc.

[@extremeengineeringsimulati5627]

The weight details are also mentioned, thanks.

[@Slavkovic_Predrag]

@@extremeengineeringsimulati5627 You should add penetration per kilogram or something like that so it's easier to estimate what's best.

[@mrregik]

Al alloy will be winner.

[@poprostufazzer]

Just admit that you are inventing a tank

[@cobrazax]

@@Slavkovic_Predrag for a reasonable weight and excellent protection, maraging steel is easily the best. tungsten is slightly better and much heavier. other materials are either significantly weaker or heavier. in terms of pure stopping power to weight, aluminium and plastic can be better, but we need thicker armor to test it and also its impractical to use extremely thick armor even when its overall weight might be lower.

[@jimtrela7588]

I'd like to request a simulation video that shows the shallow angles at which these materials would ricochet the sabot round upwards. I would expect the harder materials, like titanium, to ricochet at slightly lesser angles.

[@thedolt9215]

Love the English teatime music! Seriously, I do!

[@TylerHarris-yy7uf]

It's amazing how well steel has stood the test of time as armor.

[@Boomchacle]

It’d be kinda interesting to flip that block of armors sideways and see what it takes to get through it

[@blowdabladdydawsoff997]

Damn. There goes my idea for the injection moulded PE tank turret...

[@inkedseahear]

aw, there goes my design for a plastic tank armor package

[@WackyJackyTracky]

Actually the plastic did a really good job in making the dart rotate/tumble! So it would scatter on an armour behind it coldnt penetrate

[@toytacambery9427]

Nice little game you have. Used to play one just like it in the school library. Hilarious how people think that this is reality.

[@DanielMartinez-jg4qn]

It’s midnight, I get up early tomorrow, I can go to sleep, I’m gonna watch a video of a dart piercing materials, life’s good

[@hugossg7908]

Music took me off guard, I'm accustomed to have 0 audio from this kind of video and I though the sound came from my house lol, nice details

[@petersmythe6462]

It's interesting how bad iron is. Penned + explosive formation of a temporary-like cavity. It looks like a handgun round going through tissue.

[@CM-NightDK]

interesting, could you do a simulation of multiple layers of armor, like for example: 5mm amorphous carbon 50cm graphite aerogel (those two serve as a whipple shield) 5cm Amorphous carbon 3cm UHMWPE 6cm Maraging steel 3cm boron fiber(or filament depending on who you ask)/ or if you like it better para-aramid fiber It would be cool to see how different layers of armoring work togheter to stop a projectile like a 5kg depleted uranium rod travelling at 2km/s Also would be cool if you were to angle it, as it is more realistic, almost all projectiles will hit a angled surface afterall

[@knightatdawndonbynight8432]

So maraging steel is the cost effective solution among all these (as Iron ore, the primary material is far more abundantly available compared to Tungsten and Uranium) while providing almost as much protection (49% penetration against 700 mm plate compared to 47% against Uranium and 46% against Tungsten plate of same thickness). A simulated test on Nickel free High Nitrogen Steel plate should also be carried out against such penetrators.

[@zachary3777]

Nickel and cobalt are very expensive

[@knightatdawndonbynight8432]

​@@zachary3777Yes. But certain High Nitrogen Steel is Nickel-FREE.

[@martingardener]

Wait.....the plastic block deforms the tungsten rod very significantly. Looks like a very unvalidated model. Im very skeptical of FEA unless you see the actual experimental results by comparison, albeit difficult to do at home unless you have a tank and firing range.....

[@LOKSTED]

Thanks for simulating my toy plastic tank

[@secondarycontainment4727]

Most of those projectiles simulated bulging outside of the sample area. This suggests that the area outside of the sample area would interact with the si.ulation if it were included.

[@josephahner3031]

I was surprised that the plastic managed to damage the APFSDS penetrator at all.

[@dawsonwilliams546]

I'm curious what would happen if you compared the relative strength by weight. Maybe by simulating 200 kg of each armor type

[@jean-pierrevandermerwe7604]

Yay awesome, I asked for this a while back. Thanx 🥳🥳🥳

[@timeforgottenprince8271]

Oddly satisfying. Liked.

[@nikitakhmelevskyi6257]

I was pretty interested by depleted uranium as very effective material against ionizing radiation but I really impressed it's as such effective against projectiles

[@crispyjello7564]

The polyethylene armor held up quite well!

[@TheBaconWizard]

I would love to see how double the length of aluminium would perform, since it would still be MUCH lighter than the other metals.

[@scottbaykian3032]

Very interesting! A suggestion for future simulations; somethjng exactly like this but using a Depleted uranium penetrator such as M829A1

[@mk6315]

Ok so imagine the most boring video where everything gets a big hole in it That's the video

[@eduarddanciu9097]

What software are you using? I would like to test some armors

[@manemperorofmankind8119]

The Abrams tank uses a composite of ceramic, depleted uranium, and some form of rubber as well as other items not yet stated, all of this is layered as well. Aged as it is, it’s side armor is still probs far more effective then any modern tank

[@n1co2017]

the abrams’s side armour is not better than any other modern tank they all have trash side armour it’s like 60mm of steel and can be equipped with tusk which does help tho not much against kinetic from what we know.

[@tomk3732]

Yeah, when it was M1 its armor was way inferior to T-72 ;) This is why they added DU plates.

[@jakiwijaya7316]

its side armor are as thin as any other tank

[@dew7025]

@@n1co2017 it has composite side skirts

[@n1co2017]

@@dew7025 and the others don't? last i checked the composite side skirts on tanks like the 2A7 were much thicker than those on the Abrams

[@Crusty-ie5eq]

What is this song dawg, are you presenting tank rounds or expensive wines?💀💀💀💀💀💀

[@cnlbenmc]

The Titanium did surprisingly badly in this test. I wonder if there is an Alloy of it that would have improved effectiveness or is it simply not dense enough in any form to be resilient enough to such massive kinetic energy?

[@mtylerw]

Titanium is brittle, which is not the best for armor, old Battleship armor you only wanted the face to be hard (brittle) while the “softer” iron/steel backing would deform and absorb the damage. A titanium armor face, may be good. IDK.

[@sbreheny]

Everybody thinks titanium is some kind of super material but really only two properties of it are advantageous - low density and moderate temperature resistance. Titanium is as strong as steel and as light as aluminum and it retains its strength well at 200 to 500C where aluminum and its alloys loose 90+% of their strength. But it is not better than hardened steel for armor nor is it good for very high temperatures (stainless steel and nickel super alloys are far better at this)

[@SCComega]

I mean, I'd argue it did quite well relative to mass, which is the main thing Titanium has going for it over armor steels, DU, and tungsten.

[@squidwardfromua]

@@SCComega yes, relative to mass titanium did the best among all materials tested here

[@TheactualDestroyer]

My brain feels dwarfed over the knowledge of this video, i feel like an ancient human

[@ehsnils]

Every material has its pros and cons. These simulations are just for a single specific case, but mixing the material in different layers can improve the situation.

[@JordanBeagle]

Great video, thanks for posting!

[@scp2918]

You forgot stalinium

[@Tobinator7274]

War Thunder Devs better be watching

[@LAYATORS]

Tungsten is very powerfull against all kind of Shells, but is very heavy

[@Dan1el_guy]

Wth is that backround music are you shooting shells or lullaby soundwaves

[@kellerweskier7214]

the speed is a bit alright, but we also need to know the weight of the projectile. the L23A1 is the older of the bunch, so we can say its about 7.5kg at best. similar to how other rounds around the time of other types of this projectile are being used.

[@justinthomas85]

I don't know why all these commenters aren't working at the US Army design depot.

[@remusjr.morandante4509]

Bro the piano at the backrounds playing hella fire music

[@crqf2010ruler]

Me showing the mcdonalds employee my 200% discount voucher.

[@UniverseUA]

Can you also do this with a different shell? Please

[@UniverseUA]

Also I have some material suggestions: Lead Titanium carbide Chromium Osmium

[@extremeengineeringsimulati5627]

Sure, we will try.

[@UniverseUA]

@@extremeengineeringsimulati5627 thanks! Looking forward to it

[@p.turgor4797]

Durability and price of titanium highly depends on processing ( just like iron). Raw titanium price is mere 10 k USD/ton. I wander what kind was considered.

[@LeonardoAVeter]

Если кому интересно что такое "Maraging Steel" - то это "Мартенситоратериющая сталь". :)

[@dmitryvodolazsky]

*>Мартенситоратериющая* Чивооо? Какая-какая? Мартенситностареющая это. Mar.-Aging.

[@MAZEMIND]

Could you make a video on Sand and Concrete? In WW2 some tank crews would add one or the other on their tanks.

[@extremeengineeringsimulati5627]

Please share information, references to simulate this scenario.

[@MAZEMIND]

@@extremeengineeringsimulati5627 Sturmgeschütz III tank crews would add concrete to the left and right of the main gun. The reference video is on lindybeige channel. The title is The StuG III - Germany's deadliest AFV.

[@MAZEMIND]

@@extremeengineeringsimulati5627 m113 armored personnel carrier in Vietnam. Crews would add sand bags to the top and inside of vehicle. It was much harder to find youtube clips to show this off. 2 references for this. Video title 1966 11th ACR M113 ACAV Vietnam. The channel is tcb22acav1 The best view of this is at 2 minutes 30 sec. They have some sand bags with my best guess is plywood on top. This is inside the apc. The only other reference is from family that served in the war. Infantry and crews would ride on top with the sand bags under them. The sand bags were also better to sit on than the metal top. :)

[@MAZEMIND]

@@extremeengineeringsimulati5627 Thank you for asking.

[@piotrsajuk6435]

@@extremeengineeringsimulati5627 It would be interesting to see how much filling BMP IFV rear door additional fuel tanks with sand would increase protection. According to my dad and wikipedia this was recommended to do instead of carrying fuel when in combat.

[@DUKE_of_RAMBLE]

So my takeaway here is the reason why the Tungsten (narrowly) beat out Depleted Uranium must have been due to the Tungsten on Tungsten interaction resulting in, what my layman brain is going to dumb down to: having a better coefficient of fiction due to being like metals. _(or... 'worse' CoF?? I dunno whichever =: "moar friction happening" lmao)_ Either way... I still can't help but wonder now, about whether placing a plate of *W* _(ideal thickness needs simulating)_ overtop of Marriaging Steel - be it spaced or flush or spaced + slightly angled - might yield worthwhile results?? 🤔 If so, it could be selectively placed over critical parts of a vehicle. Athough, I'm suspecting using Tungsten would be prohibitively expensive, making it completely moot... *even if* the results happened to be insanely good 😕

[@andrewwang8204]

Can we have. A video where instead of the volume of each material, we compare the weight of the material and it's ability to stop kinetic projectile? Like if aluminum is one third the weight of still, make it 3 times longer.

[@tomk3732]

4340 steel maybe low carbon steel but is at the very limit of what can be worked on in un hardened state by HSS tooling. It is much harder than mild steel and produces bright shiny parts that for use in home shop are more than enough hard without actual hardening needed. For tapping you need to produce taps with less than standard contact or be ready to break a lot of taps. This is rather tough material to work with.

[@TheThirdTwin]

Great video. Id love to see this, but with various composite setups. E.g, rubber and RHA, etc. It doesnt necessarily have to be real life composite's, can be whatever you come up with.

[@HarisKohi]

Plastic gets a participation award.

[@George83_Thomas]

Very handy video here, well done

[@thetoasterisonfire2080]

Tungsten my beloved

[@LtSpiteful]

Can you do the same, but by comparable weight?

[@lycantrofy]

Fun video but i have two comments. One, i don't think the depleted uranium would react this way as it is incredibly prone to shattering, i feel like it would have reacted differently. And the second would be the grammar, especially in 1:43, it may not seem like much but bad spelling is a bit of an eyesore and reduces how professional you appear to be. But other than that, nice side by side view, always fun to watch a slab of different materials react to impacts!

[@squidwardo7074]

it honestly made me laugh with how many things were misspelled on one slide

[@AK-vx4dy]

I have one conclusion about plastic. Seems that for example Leopard2 should have plastic inside turret long kesons because plastic seems to have property of rotating arrow more than empty space

[@oppressorable]

How closely your depleted uranium target would relate to the depleted uranium of Abram and Challenger2 tanks? Is that pure non alloyed depleted depleted uranium? Thank you. Also could you do carbon nanotube and graphene?

[@SomuaSomua]

That’s probably classified

[@mthegoth9212]

Al armour is supposed to be more effective by weight, so I'd love to see the comparison between Al alloy and RHA (three times the Al density) by weight. How much more effective is it? 3x444mm = 1332mm, so 700mm is not a fair test for this comparison.

[@КоргиКорги-с7п]

Can make the same size steel block inside absolutely hard and absolutely strength box without front wall? Or two variants 1) without front wall 2) without front and back wall

[@bogdan_bovt]

nice comparison

[@acarrillo8277]

How about steel armor with different depths of face hardening?

[@Morgernstein]

would be interesting to see what it would have taken to stop the projectile with the ones that couldn't

[@BIG-DIPPER-56]

Very Nice - Thanks ! ! ! 🙂😎👍

[@alexdivision4320]

Seeing the plastic simulation was hilarious

[@DeepVeinThrombonus]

The spelling in this video is absolutely brutal

[@marcingrzybowski25]

Bardzo interesujące 👍

[@R9A9V2]

can you do carbon fiber next?

[@extremeengineeringsimulati5627]

Will try to simulate.

[@Kotsugi_]

most viewed, ah yes, I see everyone wanted to watch plastic get absolutely destroyed by an APFSDS round

[@JohnFrumFromAmerica]

Would be good to normalize the penetration by density so we can see what the nose efficient armor is by weight

[@fatdad64able]

What's missing here is: "APFSDS-T vs TP"

[@kierannicholas7231]

can someone work out the efficiency, weight to preformance which ones out be the best pound for pound at stopping rounds

[@lnfotron]

I still wanna know what program this is you are using, I would love to run my own simulations

[@alobowithadhd6191]

For all those Halo fans out there, Chief’s armor is majorly made out of titanium plating

[@BellicTaxi]

I think it would be interesting to see osmium other unusual elements and especially everything Nnelg Requested.

[@jackass6257]

I was thinking composite armour of ceramic plates, aluminum, titanium, tungsten, sheets, and cement in between would defeat most high pen apfsds due to the guiding and cracking of the projectile

[@atreidesson]

i love how even the text is lagging

[@editedforprivacy207]

While depleted uranium would be better at stopping apds rounds somewhat. I doubt the crew would appreciate the radioactive sprawling.

[@ethrilswifthawk3769]

Seems like the maraging steel is the best armor to weight ratio wile not being too weak

[@homefront1999]

I wonder what would happen if you would put Plastic molds on top of a tanks armor? Since the Plastic showed to disfigure and damage the APFSDS. Would the damage done to it be enough for a regular tanks armor to stop it? Edit: There's also the fact that Plastic is so light. That I can't imagine it would mess up the Power to Weight ratio to much of a tank. Unlike the Reactive armor you see a lot on Russian tanks. Plastic is fairly light.

[@extremeengineeringsimulati5627]

Present simulation consist most common type of plastic. If plastic is used as armor top, that plastic might be added with some preservative or chemicals to make it more harder and stronger. In general, Plastic armour could be applied by pouring it into a cavity formed by the steel backing plate and a temporary wooden form.

[@termitreter6545]

You mean combining different types of armor material in different layers? Like some kind of... composite armor? ;)

[@WackyJackyTracky]

Yea actually the plastic did a really good job in making the dart rotate/tumble! So it would scatter on an armour behind it coldnt penetrate much

[@dont9965]

I wonder, would these materials present unique results if they're shot at from an angle?

[@lieutenantdan9337]

Most interesting

[@iMost067]

Isnt that make maraging steel superior to anything alse? such results with times lower weight

[@sciarpecyril]

It depends on cost.

[@algaeninja6806]

Outstanding video. I wonder, what is the reason for the unusual cavitation in the wrought iron?

[@jamierabec7518]

I think it's just how soft it is

[@cjwrench07]

A depleted uranium penetrator should have different characteristics than a tungsten alloy. The penetrators are denser and said to be self-sharpening when it shears.

[@jankauza8694]

I wonder what would be best armor ignoring the price.

[@sarcasticguy4311]

Raise your hand if for one second you didn't think a sabot round wouldn't blast through plastic armor without even trying. ✋

[@umutcanargun5108]

Someone needs to add ceramic materials to the next tests, such as boron carbide, tungsten carbide...

[@emperornazuz1205]

What's is the name of the software , great vids btw!

[@extremeengineeringsimulati5627]

It is ANSYS, thanks.

[@karstenschuhmann8334]

At these speeds, plastic should have similar properties to fuel. Could placing fuel at the front improve armor. Piercing the outer layer would probably result in an explosion like it is seen in movies, but this should not concern the interior of the tank.

[@ATruckCampbell]

ERA.

[@tapurate638]

We need uranium tanks!

[@Dittogames]

Uranium fever came and got me down uranium fever is spreading all around with a geiger counter in my hands i am going to stake out some government land

[@3にゃーん]

You need to be more specific. What are the alloying components, it's percentage and forging process for each material?

[@fixpontt]

so what material does the best penetration/weight ratio have?

[@zqsdask298]

what do you do these simulations with?

[@GODZILLA_2021_MONSTERVERSE]

Tungsten>>>any Uranium