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This is the eighth part of a training course on Species Distribution Modelling (also called Ecological Niche Modelling) taught by Richard Pearson at University College London in November 2014. The talk describes how Species Distribution Models have been used to predict future range shifts and extinction risk under climate change, some of the uncertainties in this approach, and how the models have influenced policy making. The final section raises broad questions about the difficult role of scientists in advocating for policies, inaccuracies in media reporting, and the challenge of communicating uncertainty and probabilities to a wide audience. Funding was provided by NERC (the UK Natural Environment Research Council).