Are all the US Presidents related?

[@UsefulCharts]

Download the chart for free (with typos fixed): usefulcharts.com/blogs/charts/how-us-presidents-are-related

[@bazsnell3178]

Your ''Download the chart for Free' doesn't work.

[@UsefulCharts]

@@bazsnell3178 The link works for me. Try again? Once you get to the page, you have to right click on the image and select "Save As".

[@SmartsellerGaming]

something you missed.26 out of the 46 presidents

[@tamasys]

Looks like the dates on Obama are wrong - I think it's got Bush's dates instead?

[@yarazooom]

Guess there was never a chance for me to be PRESIDENT due to the fact my desendants didn't ride the MAYFLOWER and I'm a jewish woman. all presidents are christian males

[@bobmcbob9856]

I noticed a lot of the earlier presidents were more closely related by blood, I imagine this stems from 2 things 1) the gene pool of Americans at large was more restricted to descendants of certain people as there had been fewer waves of migration & 2) the gene pool of people eligible to vote and hold office was restricted to a landholding upper class which tended to hang out and marry within itself

[@lightyagami3492]

This is so true.

[@ThePurpleclone]

A lot of people don't realize that the Slave-owning class of the United States was one of the most influential and richest groups of people on the planet at the time. They held more wealth and had more income than European land-owning aristocrats of the same time period. It's a wonder this country got the courage to rid themselves of such a barbaric and powerful class of people.

[@agen5573]

It is probably both though i think the first led to the second since the gene pool would have been restricted by alot especially in the early days and over the years these people would become the land holding upper class P.S.I am no expert in these kinda stuff, it was just guess

[@mortache]

@@ThePurpleclone it was at the point when direct chattel slavery was no longer as necessary, especially to the industrialized North. I doubt "courage" had much to do with it. We're just more likely to despise an evil if we didn't grow up experiencing and normalizing it. Slavery still exists in many forms in many places, you get stuff like chocolates, fruits, batteries etc by extensive use of slave labor. Not to mention the horrible wartorn countries left behind prime for sex trafficking etc.

[@RenegadeShepard69]

@@ThePurpleclone It didn't get rid of such a barbaric and powerful class of people, that class just moved on to different ways to maintaining themselves as powerful through new ways of exploiting their countrymates (and foreigners).

[@DarkNexarius]

Now I really want you to make this again with 5 random americans from the country and then find those kinds of close connections to a president.

[@lightyagami3492]

I already know my closest relation to a president by blood. For me it's FDR

[@davidhunt6508]

5 random Americans might be a little harder to track down their genealogies due to things like family status, wealth, ethnicity, etc. For most if not all of the presidents they come from fairly wealthy/affluent upper middle class-->upper class families, who probably happen to care a little more about things like pedigree than the average American.

[@lightyagami3492]

@@tempest2000 I was about to say that some of the lines are wrong especially as you go further up the tree. Lots of people want to connect to royalty or some important figure so they shortcut the research and hence mistakes are made. I guess what im saying to people that use relative finder is just take the information with a grain of salt unless you have actually verified it.

[@kendalljennings3417]

I’m a random American, my closest president relative is Herbert Hoover.

[@PatrickDavis28]

I'm a direct descendant of Abe Lincoln's uncle lol

[@JNMFNFnMNH]

Deciding to go on the Mayflower really was like the ultimate risk-reward decision. Either you become the progenitor of one of the most influential bloodlines the world has ever seen for generations to come, or you froze/starved to death thousands of miles from home in some cabin.

[@pastashack3517]

The trick was to last long enough so that, if you did die in your cabin, it *was* home

[@dorktriogamer2865]

​@@chairmanofthebored8684 Yes, the mayflower was a voyage of employees and volunteers, it wasn't like Georgia or Australia

[@bentleyburke2242]

The mayflower bloodline is extremely vast. The reason there are so many influential people from it is because of the odds that anyone in America is a direct descendant is like 1 in 5 (even higher in the 1700s and 1800s). It’s not like it’s an exclusive club. We all have 32,768 great great great great great great great great great great great great great grandparents each and those 16,384 couples (especially if they were from the mayflower) had tens of children each. And those tens of children had many children too. We are all the same bloodline my friend.

[@bentleyburke2242]

Also the chances that at least one of those 32,768 was on the mayflower is ridiculously high if you are American.

[@mrmarquibe3277]

I'm one of those random. I'm African American and 2nd Cousin 5x's removed of Ulysses S. Grant. My 8th Great-grandmother was Hannah Simpson.

[@DillonRust]

It’s ironic that Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis were both related through the Taylor Family. It really was a Civil War between brothers.

[@NisarKhan-jm1uh]

You mean distant cousin in law

[@relicman]

I always thought they looked similar.

[@jeremy8473]

@@relicman Right? if he grew a beard I bet the similarity would be uncanny

[@vinny9868]

Political differences are notorious to spark some nasty fights during family gatherings, so it's not too surprising.

[@19Pyrus70]

All I know is that someone probably didn't get invited to the family reunion.

[@iammrbeat]

This is one of the best charts that you've ever made. I guess no one is surprised at my bias. 😀

[@ick567]

lol

[@Vampirecronicler]

Of course not. You are related to presidents

[@pushkarkumar4898]

Lulu punga

[@PantherU]

You’re such a monarchist though

[@Woodly6000plays]

Yeah agree

[@mjmason75]

You gave the best description and visual of the difference between first cousins, and first cousins once removed, that I’ve ever heard. Thank you!

[@TheDelizar]

Thank you for including the whole 1st, 2nd, removed explanation. I've heard it verbally explained before. But seeing the chart explanation finally drove it home for me.

[@highpath4776]

yeah, dont ask me to remember it though !

[@sirk603]

Cpg grey has a test video on it too

[@ryanjohnson8528]

It helped but I need to find one to explain how my great aunts kids are related. Are they cousins or second cousins or first cousins once removed lol

[@highpath4776]

@@ryanjohnson8528 I think Ancestry has an idiot guide -either on line or on one of the YT explainer channels

[@KristenK78]

@@ryanjohnson8528 it depends on where your common ancestor falls.

[@MortyMortyMorty]

Imagine being a Mayflower passenger in 1620 not knowing that there will be at least 9 future president of their descendants.

[@jackguest145]

They wouldn't even know what the word president means

[@engineergaming4201]

@@jackguest145 What's stopping anyone from explaining the word to them?

[@RAWDOGG69]

@@engineergaming4201 they had bigger fish to fry & natives to slaughter

[@porsche911sbs]

imagine being some peasant in medieval Europe and knowing your descendant will land on the moon

[@anyoneofus9948]

they were more worried about how many were going to survive and the spat between two of their captains John Alden and Miles Spandish over the only single woman in the colony.

[@MsJakee]

Thank you for covering this chart. My husband is related to Ulysses Grant (his 6th cousin, 6x removed). It was neat to see he is related to other presidents (very distantly).

[@DECKMASTR]

i am a direct descendant of Dwight D eisenhower, its nice to get into touch with the family heritage, especially when it extends to 1417

[@nobodyburgen4594]

@@DECKMASTRYour (great(great))grandfather was a great man. :)

[@Alorsia]

I myself am a direct descendant (13th great-grandson) of Isaac Allerton's father, Edward. Making me and Taylor 5th cousins, 9x removed.

[@Rakeemgrant]

I'm also related to Ulysses as well

[@turtle4llama]

My husband and I are hilariously unrelated. His paternal geneology was published by a family biographer, so we have that back to like 400AD. His maternal family is Cuban, so we know that line back to the 16th century. My mom converted to LDS and did a massive geneology map for her family and my dad's family was in every major American war since they got here. Us meeting was the first time our families had ever contacted each other.

[@supershinigami1]

very intersting

[@AlifNurfakhri]

now that's expanding the gene pool. Good for you both

[@randomcommenter5266]

Dang that's long.

[@edwynnkelley136]

By any chance is your dad's line related to Leutenant Dan?

[@kiliipower355]

Means that they are related to at least 10 million people. :-)

[@ZodiasKynzell]

I was just googling about this yesterday, looking for someone who had made this exact chart! Crazy!

[@ShadoZP]

Phone is listening

[@rampartnation]

Same company. The algorithms track you arcross platforms so they suggest things you may be interested in.

[@myrddinemrys1332]

@@rampartnation I think it's more likely they're commenting on the fact they were looking for something like this yesterday and then today this video was released.

[@rampartnation]

@@myrddinemrys1332 I see! Then yes that is crazy.

[@peanutbutterpuppies2756]

@@myrddinemrys1332 that's what I thought. But that happens too often! With youtubers I know! I remember I was playing off brand raft, and then a few days later raft gets updated and markiplier plays it.

[@strandedinseattle9931]

Amazing research. A gold star for the charting, that had to be exhausting keeping track of it all!

[@DoctorCyan]

You earned that thumbs up for finally and concisely explaining the “first cousin once removed” thing. I never understood it until now!

[@love2sing20101]

It’s like a bloodline generation gap in a way. My mom’s (first) cousin and my relationship is a first cousin once removed.

[@michaelgreen1515]

That depends upon how extended you define "related". I love the fact you stated that we are "all related" which is a good reminder to us all, but also defeats some people's pretensions!

[@highpath4776]

IF I ignore some marriages most of my ancestry goes around in circles in Ireland in C16th

[@lekhakaananta5864]

I mean, they're all living organisms, so clearly they had a common ancestor... lol

[@billkillernic]

It does not these people are obviously in cahoots with each other , marrying each other etc, the fact that e.g I too may be related to them (at 10 times the distance) is irrelevant and serves only as a decoy argument

[@highpath4776]

@@billkillernic Indeed the worst thing in life is Family you cannot chose it in the same way you can choose your friends

[@billkillernic]

@@highpath4776 That's for poor families, if you are born into a wealthy and well conected family that has power then even if you dont like individuals of said family its the best thing happening to you ever which also will make you strong and influential friends that actually want to be your friends and you dont have to convince them

[@ShadowMoonFarms]

I grew up with my Grandma (Mother's mother) telling me I was a 14th cousin of Abraham Lincoln. I am actually 3rd cousin 6X removed. Now that I have done quite a lot of work on my chart, I found out that yes, I was related on my Mother's side through the Hanks, but also related on my father's side to his Father. Phillippe DeLaNoye was the father-in-law of my first cousin Mercy Warren (mother was a Walker) again on my Father's side of the family. Franklin Roosevelt was my 7th cousin. Teddy Roosevelt is in my tree as the Uncle of the wife of Franklin as you pointed out as that is a closer relation than tracing back to Phillipe. Which makes Ulysses S Grant my fifth cousin (tracing back to Cousin Mercy and Lieut. Jonathan Delano again). I didn't realize that Lieut. Jonathan's brother Thomas would lead me to Calvin Coolidge. I also have Richard Nixon as a 9th cousin on my Father's side of the family connected to his Mother's side of the family. John Howland was my 10th great Uncle, but I never realized that would lead to being cousins with the Bush's. You've given me lot's more to research in my tree.

[@Vlad_Kalashnik]

And are you out of the loop knowing that you are related? Not part of any secret society?

[@k.o.1336]

Abraham Lincoln is my 6th cousin, 7 times removed on my maternal side. We even have old letters from him to another family member that have been passed down.

[@WasherGuy247]

Also related to Grant...5th cousin or nephew...my Aunt and Father would tell us as we were kids .. unfortunately neither are here and or able to explain it further as we got older and wanting to understand the family tree

[@jlotoo850]

Ok--so when are you running for political office?

[@007theluckyboy]

So will you be the next president ? 🤔

[@willsjaime]

As someone who has done some of this kind of research I want to say that this chart is absolutely genius in its simplicity!

[@augustuscaesar8287]

So it was actually proven that Martin Van Buren *actually is* a descendant of King John, King John was his 17th great grandfather to be exact. If I post the link my comment will obviously be deleted, but for anyone who cares: Martin Van Buren, his father → Maria van Buren his mother → Johannes Dircksen Hoes her father → Elizabeth Wyngaart his mother → Anna Janse Van Hoesen her mother → Father Jan Fransse Gerridt Fransse van Visbeck van Hoesen, 1 her father → Father Frans van Hoesen his father → Marguerite de Croÿ, Dame d'Halewyn et de Commines his mother → Philippe III de Croÿ, duc d'Aerschot her father → Anne de Croÿ his mother → Louise d'Albret her mother → Alain de Grand d'Albret, Comte de Gavre her father → Jeanne Catherine de Rohan his mother → Marguerite de Montfort, dame de Guillac her mother → Jean V de Montfort, duc de Bretagne her father → Jean IV de Montfort, duc de Bretagne his father → Arthur II de Dreux, duc de Bretagne his father → Beatrice of England his mother → Henry III, king of England her father → John I "Lackland", King of England his father

[@iammrbeat]

Thanks for sharing this!

[@wesslingbaker]

@@iammrbeat @Augustus Caesar Unfortunately this is untrue. The connection to the de Croy family is speculative and unproven. Please see the scholarship by Gary Boyd Roberts, author of several editions of “Ancestors of the U.S. Presidents.”

[@wesslingbaker]

Sorry, “Ancestors of the American Presidents”

[@augustuscaesar8287]

@@wesslingbaker Yeah... unfortunately, all genealogy is speculative and unproven so your eager attempt to dunk on an American (as evident by your "Sorry 'Ancestors of the American Presidents'" comment) was done with an asinine point. It's for that very reason that genealogist were surprised when they found the body of Richard III and looked at his YDNA. But hey, if knowing that little bit of asinine information helps get you to bed at night, more power to you. I can't fault a man for that.

[@augustuscaesar8287]

@@iammrbeat No problem. I too, like you, hold a passion for sharing knowledge.

[@redstateforever]

I’ve read that any two random people of European descent are, on average, about 15th cousins. I’m sure this is true with other races/ethnicities as well. When you all descend from the same relatively small group of people, you’re gonna be related.

[@lougaru2445]

For somebody who is Canadian, I appreciate all the time you put into American history, Matt.

[@davepubliday6410]

I find it difficult to believe that the interconnection between the presidents is just the same as if you selected a bunch of completely random US citizens. This claim made at the beginning that this is the case was not explained. These are all rich and powerful families in that country, and it makes sense that they marry within their class/caste, and are given extraordinary opportunities.

[@hazelgoodshepherd9315]

I agree. This seems like more of a subjective focus based on the author’s worldview. If this young girl could so easily link all the most powerful men in US government throughout recent history to similarly a powerful British man from farther back in history, then I seriously doubt the average person would have similar family links. Especially considering the tendency of the wealthy and powerful to continually marry within their social caste.

[@dmbalsam]

I am related to 4 of the presidents through the Alden Family and the Robert/Richard Treat Family. I am just an ordinary citizen, but the families have been here forever. John Alden was an ordinary citizen, too. He was on the Mayflower as crew, a barrel maker.

[@hazelgoodshepherd9315]

@@dmbalsam The majority of European immigrants didn’t come over on the Mayflower though. The Mayflower also doesn’t account for my family the indigenous peoples who were already here and subsequently victimized by the aforementioned colonialism, not to mention the millions of black slaves who were kidnapped from Africa, the massive number Latin American immigrants, an increasing number of Asian immigrants, and God only knows how many random refugees. No, I seriously doubt a cross-section of the average American citizen will yield family ties to British royalty.

[@michaelvehrs1872]

@@hazelgoodshepherd9315 Indigenous? Your ancestors sailed on Viking ships no matter who they were. Most against their will.

[@hazelgoodshepherd9315]

@@michaelvehrs1872 True. But my point is one cannot use the Mayflower theory as an argument that the average American can be traced to kings or queens in England. Because the average American’s ancestors were not even linked to that immigrant voyage.

[@SuhridhBhat]

This is such a cool chart. You should really make a part 2 with all the presidents you missed.

[@hozonkai9967]

I've seen an early 1950s interview with Prescott Bush (HW's dad). They kind of looked similar, but their voices couldn't have been more different. While HW had that soft-spoken "Mr Rogers" type voice, his dad Prescott had a very stern and authoritative voice. HW probably inherited his voice from his mother, Dorothy Walker (who died immediately after her son lost re-election to Bill Clinton in 1992)

[@iammrbeat]

That is fascinating stuff

[@jakubpociecha8819]

And then there's Dubya with his Texan twang

[@hozonkai9967]

@@jakubpociecha8819 Dubya was born in Connecticut, HW in Massachusettes, Prescott in Ohio. His father, Samuel Bush was born in NJ. His father, James Smith Bush, was born in Upstate NY. As was his father, Obadiah. You have to go SIX generations to find a consequtive father-son pair born in the same state.

[@hozonkai9967]

@@iammrbeat There's also an urban legend that Barbara's father was not Marvin Pierce, but actually Aleister Crowley. Again, urban legend, but some people believe it.

[@jakubpociecha8819]

@@hozonkai9967 And then Dubya moved to Texas while Jeb moved to Florida

[@noahburns6042]

I hope this chart becomes a purchasable item. It was truly enlightening!

[@danafidler8815]

I’m absolutely fascinated by all of the genealogy stuff! So you and I are related, found it from another video you shared showing your grandfather and we are related through your grandmother! So it shows we are 11th cousins once removed!

[@EightMilesHigh1966]

Also worth noting, Nixon served as Eisenhower’s VP.

[@lightyagami3492]

Yep. So it's not surprising that the Nixon and Eisenhower families got really close hence the marriage.

[@TJCKWC]

It's not every day that one of your kids marries one of your old boss's grandchildren.

[@forkspoon5375]

@@TJCKWC true

[@AmazingEtte]

@@TJCKWC It truly was though 80 years ago

[@CPTDoom]

Fun fact: if you want to know how to calculate the cousins/removed two people are, you only need to follow three steps: 1) identify the common ancestor, 2) count the times each individual uses the word "grand" or "great" to describe the person, 3) the lower number is the "cousin" and the difference is the number of steps removed. So if my grandfather is your great-great-grandfather, we are 1st cousins (I say it once) twice removed (3-1).

[@drakausdromgatti58]

DUDE, you made this video because of ME hahahahah! I linked this to you a few years back. I am so happy you looked into this. I still believe there is some sketchy crap happening with secret societies. I am a huge fan of truth regardless of results. I am so thankful you broke this down. Doesnt this still seem like a small group of people to you? We are talking about WORLD leaders here.

[@prodfulltime85]

Generally world leaders are pretty rich and influential people but I wouldn’t call it a secret society. There’s also thousands and thousands of other unremarkable descendants of people that aren’t shown here

[@drakausdromgatti58]

@prodfulltime85 secret societies aren't even a conspiracy man. That's a known thing

[@skwarubwa7083]

Nice work, Matt. This topic has been covered in print for several years. The best book on the subject is "Ancestors of American Presidents" by Gary Boyd Roberts and published in Boston by the New England Historic Genealogical Society (I own the 2009 edition),

[@christopherjenkins7577]

First Lady Barbara Bush was 4th cousin, 4 times removed, of President Franklin Pierce, which means he and George W. have a common ancestor. Also, I think a chart like this of the "First Families of Virginia" would be interesting.

[@SquareFoil31362]

I would really like to see a version of this with every president

[@hozonkai9967]

Fun fact: John Scott Harrison (son of William and father of Benjamin) was dug up by grave robbers and brought to a medical school for study. Benjamin was not happy when he found out what had happened to his old man's body

[@SanskarWagley]

Benjamin was great grandson to William

[@mathieuleader8601]

reminds me of the plot of the cartoon sitcom Li'l Bush

[@hozonkai9967]

@@SanskarWagley Nope. Grandson

[@Colinop]

interesting how you go from founding father to president to grave robbery victim to president lmao

[@ModernMozartMC]

"fun" fact

[@katherinegilks3880]

This theme works well for Family Day in Canada as well.... Would you consider doing a chart about how Canadian Prime Ministers are related? There aren’t as many but I assume that there must be some close relations (other than the Trudeaus) or relatives by marriage. Also I am sure a lot of Prime Ministers are somewhat closely related to US Presidents.

[@empty9251]

There's a post on the usefulcharts subreddit from somebody that made a chart like this showing how dozens and dozens of famous French Canadians are descended from the Cloutier family, including almost every Quebec Premier and a handful of prime ministers. Plus singers, athletes, actors, etc.

[@arablumenfeld2994]

Trudeau Jr might have been related to someone in Cuba 😅

[@alexmaclean1]

@@arablumenfeld2994 quite a strong "might" as well lol

[@jayit6851]

@@arablumenfeld2994 While I do see the resemblance, this theory has been heavily debunked since the Trudeaus didn't meet Castro until 1976 while Trudeau was born in 1971. It seems near impossible that Margret Trudeau snuck away during her honeymoon to go to Cuba to sleep with Castro, a man she had never met before.

[@hbowman108]

I've seen a chart showing the relationship between the Trudeaus and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. The number of early settlers in Québec is so small that nearly all Québecois are demonstrably related. The records were carefully complied in the classic book by Cyprien Tanguay and extended by a national project of the Québecois government at the University of Montréal, which has identified nearly all of the members of the Québecois nation born before 1850 and their relationships.

[@lisaglass7633]

Wow, that's incredible! I can't imagine the work that had to go into all this!

[@TeacherTonya74]

I think I’ve learned more about US history from this video than all my years in school.

[@jaidenamccarroll]

When you learn more us history 12 minutes then you have in multiple years of school

[@rdk2323]

Maybe you should have paid more attention in school

[@benjaminbrown9459]

They don’t teach us that in school they teach fake history

[@pigeoncubes]

my favourite thing about how related we really can be is actually personal. i'm afrikaans, with all of my ancestors aside from my grandfather being in south africa since the early 19th century or earlier, most from much earlier. a close friend of mine is american with mostly blackfoot indigenous and african-american ancestry, with most of their european ancestry being finnish. we have a common ancestor in 14th century scotland. we found this out because they were joking about some very funny old danish names much further back in the family tree (9th century?? old enough where whether that person even existed or is entirely legendary is debated) and i recognised it, so we compared how close our trees are until they diverged

[@krayziejerry]

I'm Chinese and if you look at our language, it tells the story of Genesis to a T. For example the word for greedy is the word made up of two trees with a women under it symbolizing the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.

[@JubioHDX]

@@krayziejerry what relevance does that have to anything at all💀

[@joedoesasmr7972]

@@JubioHDX He is showing how stories are connected between cultures.

[@Rakettivuori]

That's actually interesting! As someone from Finland I always thought we wouldn't have much connections to elsewhere. May I ask what was the connection in your friends family between Finland and Scotland?

[@pigeoncubes]

@@Rakettivuori i'm not very familiar with their family tree, but I believe on the European side of their ancestry, it was in either Canada or the US where the Finnish and Scottish couple met and married. if I remember correctly, Canada used to (may still?) have a much more insular ethnic identities within the settler populations, at least I know the Icelandic and Finnish settlers of Canada were still speaking their native languages several generations out of Europe, and I'm assuming that part of the family was in Canada since I know their most recent Scottish ancestor was a second-generation Canadian, and at least one grandparent still spoke Finnish, but I don't know when their Finnish ancestors migrated to North America, earliest being great-grandparents.

[@HappilyLost5]

Matt, would you consider making a video or series on founding fathers that were not US Presidents. It’s very fascinating to see who are related to whom. For example Benjamin Franklin, The Penn Family, players in the Revolutionary War and Civil War, etc. Thank you for the consideration.

[@isaac_aren]

Would have been interesting to see how, if at all, some of the other famous presidents fit in, like Trump and Clinton

[@sandwich434]

Check out Mr. Beat’s counterpart video

[@michaelrobb9708]

Hillary and Donald are related

[@kkvnair9714]

Garfield and McKinley on the Taylor family Kennedy on the Roosevelt family Hayes on the Taylor family Cleveland on the Roosevelt family

[@kkvnair9714]

Oh Trump and Clinton on the Eisenhower family

[@terryperez2299]

Trump is supposedly a direct defendant of king Edward III

[@robertmugno927]

I’ve seen a lot more relations between presidents. It could be cool to see more of these kinds of videos.

[@Corey-iw4ot]

Just proves that voting doesn't matter and that they choose who get in office years in advance

[@kailahmann1823]

Also important to understand, that these "close relations" are some "going six generations back", not sharing a common ancestor, who was still alive or even personally known to anybody alive at the time of their birth.

[@gamermapper]

That still shows that the US political system made it si that mainly wealthy individuals and from European descent could become presidents

[@nimrodpaul6875]

And many still think our vote counts, lmao

[@empynitebyte]

​@@nimrodpaul6875 that nimrod in your name fits well I see

[@noorbohamad5796]

@@gamermapper seems to be pretty much like literally all of the US Presidents so whatever I guess?

[@taylorjaffe8299]

I am actually related to Ulysses S. Grant through the Grant side. The Minor family married into the Grant family way back in the Massachusetts Bay Colony era, and I am related to the Minor side. John D. Rockefeller is also related to Grant through this family as well, and so are a ton of other people, including the Baldwins and Mickey Rourke. Our mutual ancestor Thomas Minor kept a diary that survived and is now a published book, and there is a Thomas Minor Society for his descendants with over 800 members.

[@loislewis5229]

My daughter in law is also related to George Washington (4th cousin 8 times removed) through the Pope family and is a direct descendant of King John. Interesting stuff.

[@porsche911sbs]

I'm reading Chernow's Grant biography right now. I'm almost done, it's taken forever for me to read this book.

[@puglovefilms702]

I am also related to Ulysses S. Grant!

[@taylorjaffe8299]

@@puglovefilms702 Awesome! Which side?

[@NisarKhan-jm1uh]

@@puglovefilms702 that's awesome. He is such an underrated president

[@shh120]

Thank you for this. It is helping me with my family tree soooo much.

[@makingmycloset]

Would be really interested to see this with Canadian PMs!

[@dictatorofcanada4238]

Could be difficult to find how the Francophone and Anglophone PMs are related to each other.

[@UkrainePatr1ot]

And Ukrainian presidents

[@HBC101TVStudios]

@@UkrainePatr1ot Malaysian PMs. Since they all are extremely related to each other except for Tun Mahathir, Tun Abdullah Badawi and Tunku Abdul Rahman. Najib for example is the cousin of Hishamuddin Tun Hussein, Najib himself is the son of Tun Abdul Razak.

[@nb5437]

Pierre Trudeau is Justin’s dad.

[@Ravishrex1]

Castro

[@kukatahansa]

Great content. There seems to be a small mistake in Teddy Roosevelts years 1901-1919. His presidency ended already in 1909. 1919 is his year of death.

[@ishwarlxm6333]

I hear about all the Hollywood actress and actors are related...you should make a video about them

[@ZebcastHistoria]

As a history student, I absolutely love your videos! In light of the new Downton Abbey film coming soon, could we please have a look at the Crawley family tree explained? The Earls of Grantham. Thanks!

[@FrenkTheJoy]

That would be fun! Especially since it's a bit hard to follow why Matthew is the heir if you aren't super familiar with how that stuff worked.

[@hozonkai9967]

One of John Tyler's grandsons in still alive!

[@chrispauls7178]

Fascinating! Nice upload

[@thewuurm]

I'm a random ass Canadian with almost entirely British ancestry and both Martin Van Buren and Teddie Roosevelt are distant cousins of mine as a result of a single Dutch-American Loyalist ancestor. It's utterly meaningless, of course, but I do love these distant, random connections that we all have hiding somewhere in our family trees!

[@axolotl-guy9801]

Lol I love it. For a Canadian thats pretty special indeed. However many americans from the NY state desentant from Duch people.

[@thewuurm]

@@axolotl-guy9801 yep! My ancestor was from Albany, and some of his ancestors were among the earliest European settlers of the city; no doubt I have many, many distant cousins in that area still today!

[@carolweaver3269]

We must in some way be related then, also! Look above the read what I wrote, to understand why I say this.

[@thewuurm]

@@carolweaver3269 Oh neat! We almost certainly are, one way or another. If you're curious, my link (that I know of) to the dead Presidents is through Nicholas Laurens Van Schaick and his wife Jannetje, who are tenth generation ancestors of mine. I'm descended from their daughter Feitje/Fytje/Frtje, while MVB and Teddie are descended from their sons Laurens and Emanuel, respectively!

[@carolweaver3269]

@@thewuurm That is intereting and will check it out. I do remember the namee VanSchaick. They were related and some lived in my area. Dutch people migrated to an area in upstate NY. TY

[@laniegirl11]

I’m a direct descendant of a Mayflower passenger as well, so I guess that makes me related to all of the Presidents. I’m calling in favors.

[@IRosamelia]

Does this means you're destined to be president? All hail pres. Bates! 🇺🇸

[@laniegirl11]

@@IRosamelia I don’t have the temperament 😂. I’m Dumbledore…prepared to help others but NOT to take power.

[@ViscidBeltUSA]

That means you have English ancestry :)

[@dcrkpaint]

4:52 Thank you so much for taking your time to explain this, as a non native speaker this has always confused me

[@blade7506]

Lyndon Johnson and Barack Obama being family surprised me

[@JescaML]

Obama’s mother is white

[@samanthamaynard4447]

I'm curious. Do we know if any of the presidents (or their ancestors) knew their relationship to others while they were alive? I think that would be interesting to know.

[@JohnGisMe]

John Quincy Adams knew his relationship to at least one other president while he was alive.

[@mramisuzuki6962]

@@JohnGisMe kek

[@pmaorpheus]

Yes, George W. Bush and Barak Obama know they are related. It wasn't talked about in this video.

[@Michiganian8]

Just the fact you made this video. Tells me

[@franciet99]

Perfect timing. I was just looking into this and my genealogy.

[@zimnizzle]

Fun fact: President John Tyler’s grandson (YES! Grandson) is still alive: Harrison R. Tyler is 93 years old.

[@hozonkai9967]

*Harrison Tyler:* "My grandpa was 9 years old when the President died." *Rando:* "President Kennedy?" *Harrison Tyler:* "President Washington"

[@AaronOfMpls]

Yup! John Tyler outlived his first wife, then remarried a _much_ younger woman late in life and had a few more children with her. And one of _those_ sons did the same.

[@zlinedavid]

Tyler had 15 kids who were born across a span of 45 years.

[@KalamazooGal]

Last I heard he was living at the Tyler Plantation Sherwood Forest in Virginia My family spoke to him years ago while touring the Plantation We are directly related to President Tyler I am a Tyler.

[@MacKay1812]

Cool video, very interesting, thanks.

[@marvinarnett9263]

Your videos are so well scripted and amazing. You keep blowing my mind with every upload.

[@LesHaskell]

I've discovered that Abraham Lincoln is my 5th cousin five times removed. The clue I followed is that we both have ancestors who landed in Hingham, Plymouth Colony from Hingham, England about two years apart (my ancestor was John Farrow/Farrar). I'm also related to all the Benedict Arnolds with the common ancestor being William (also landed at Hingham, but not from Hingham), the father of the first Benedict. I'm related through a line through my great grandmother who was a Crockett. Funny thing is I was trying to find a connection with Davy Crocket, but my Crocketts had already been in Maine (Massachusetts Bay Colony) for about fifty years before David Crockett's ancestor moved from France to Ireland and changed his name to Crockett (originally de Crocketagne). But I am related to Captain Nathan Hale (who was hanged as a spy by Rogerr's Queen's Rangers - my 4th great grandfather Dr. Azor Betts was Surgeon in the unit and emigrated to New Brunswick after the war so my 3rd great grandmother was from the Canadas) through my 4th great grandmother Ednah Hale (but through her mother's side). I've also discovered that I'm more closely related to Haskell's in another line through matrilineal connections (the Haskells landed in Salem/Beverly in 1635 - the South Carolina Haskells descended from Roger and his brother William is my ancestor).

[@patrickc3419]

That’s really cool.

[@WolfieBiz11]

Nice,.

[@maryromero5709]

Me too....my 10 grandfather and he's was 5th grandfather was the same....shocked me....... I am relative too many presidents.....wow.

[@amandajean7738]

That's cool. My ancestor was the first settler of Norton, Massachusetts. His brother cofounded Watertown, Massachusetts. He landed in Cambridge, Massachusetts before settling Norton.

[@watermelonnop3862]

I kinda done the same thing except it was a bit harder since I aint American, so lincoln is my 6th cousin 6x removed of wife of 1st cousin 2x removed

[@dr.d723]

I find it fascinating that Barack Obama is related to Lyndon Johnson. Thanks for doing the video!

[@ViscidBeltUSA]

His mother was white.

[@anonymousbub3410]

I just got my DNA results and I’m in the process of connecting my cousins to my family tree so I really love these types of topics.

[@TEAMWHAT99]

Might want to have DNA tests with a few companies. Several people I know,have,and they had different results with dtheir DNA samples. For real.

[@pablovivant9089]

One major quibble: there's total uncertainty, despite numerous theories, about the ancestry of Lincoln's mother, Nancy Hanks. She wasn't even consistently known by that last name. So it's not justifiable to make her the link for her son to other presidents: from the records that have ever been turned up, her parentage-- and thus half of Abe's ancestry-- remains a complete mystery.

[@maddienelson5645]

it actually has been proven now through mitochondrial DNA testing that she was the daughter of lucy and granddaughter of ann, however her father is not known as she was illegitimate but the lineage used here is through her mother and grandmother

[@nunyabiznez6381]

@@maddienelson5645 Thank you for saving me hours of looking that one up to debunk. I had heard something similar a couple of years ago but couldn't remember where. I am Lincoln's 5th cousin 5 times removed on his father's and my father's side.

[@limonesycafe8898]

​@@maddienelson5645 That really only proves a direct link to her maternal line. She still has a grandmother whose mitochondrial DNA she doesn't carry, and thousands of ancestors that are unaccounted for.

[@maddienelson5645]

@@limonesycafe8898 you’re totally right! like I mentioned before her father is unknown my comment was mainly to address the question regarding the line used in the video which is through her maternal grandmother:)

[@limonesycafe8898]

@@maddienelson5645 👍

[@imonkeylover]

Thank you..many of my Ancestors are on here!!! 😊

[@AKAZA-kq8jd]

What a wonderful chart BTW both Roosevelt did meet at Eleanor wedding Interestingly because TR filled in the role father of the bride because her real father passed away image both TR and FDR looking at each other directly.

[@Vampirecronicler]

FDR was obsessed with Teddy in his life time. It's probably the reason he married Eleanor

[@kimfleury]

Interesting overview. When GW Bush was elected, a newspaper journalist claimed that he was related to Nathaniel Hawthorne by way of Thomas Fuller. I mentioned it to my dad, who had been given a genealogical chart that was done by family members trying to register the Fuller branch of the family with the Mayflower Society. The family members who did the research believed that our verified Fuller ancestor was the nephew of said Thomas. I told Dad we could be related to the Bush family, and he said, "I hope not."

[@nmoney6655]

Imagine living in the 1600’s giving birth for the first time and dying soon after from complications from the birth and other stuff

[@grapeman63]

The Charltons Historical Society, here in the UK, note that the Reverend William SQUIRE, rector of Charlton Mackrell, Somerset, from 1541 to 1554 and again from 1561 to 1567 is the ancestor of five US presidents through the daughters of his son, Henry. First, through his granddaughter, Edith, who married Henry ADAMS in 1609, he is the ancestor of John ADAMS, John Quincy ADAMS and Calvin COOLIDGE as well as Samuel ADAMS who signed the Declaration of Independence. Second, through his granddaughter, Ann, who married Aquila PURCHASE, he is the ancestor of Millard FILLMORE, and Third, through his granddaughter, Margaret, who married John SHEPARD, he is the ancestor of William Howard TAFT. I have not, independently, verified any of these lines but I've no reason to think them untrue.

[@30secondstomarsMBH]

Loool, then there's me, a Black man with Black ancestry from the Caribbean always wondering what it'd be like to essentially be blood related to a famous person from history. White people I've found are often massively related if you go back far enough with so many of them being linked up, but for Black people it'd be interesting to see where our lineage comes from and if you could link a lot of us back to one person.

[@willscholten1737]

If you google The early slave trade map of(sorry I forgot the year), you came from a place in Africa (maybe Hudah) anyway they came from the land of Israel, which was later Jewish( tribe of Judah)so you could be from the line of Judah/ Benjamin, because the northern 10 tribes never returned there!! Anyway , do a search in youtube, I think there is a good one called Hebrews to Negros.

[@CyberchaoX]

@@willscholten1737 Wouldn't surprise me. While genealogy going all the way back to Biblical times is dubious at best, the _kohanim,_ the "priest" class in Judaism, is solely patrilineal which means that anyone who is a _kohen_ is allegedly a direct male-line descendant of Aaron, Moses's brother. My father ran one of those genealogy tests on both himself and my mother, and while her genealogy came back wholly European (primarily Ashkenazi Jew), his, while possessing an even greater percentage of Ashkenazi Jew, did indeed have a small percent of "Northern Africa and the Levant" as would be expected of a Sephardic Jew, so there's nothing to say that we _aren't_ descended from Aaron as our kohen status suggests...

[@sarahhuse9709]

Although their connections are distant I think them all being related really goes to show some things: 1) Very narrow ethnicity- not only have presidents all been white up until Obama, they all had English ancestry except Van Buren 2) They shared class/wealth/status 3)People whose ancestors came to the country early on had and still have a much better chance. My ancestors were all white Western Europeans, but none of them were English and certainly none of them were rich or even middle class. I am middle class and am likely the wealthiest and most educated that anyone in my direct line has ever been. My great grandparents came over and they did what they knew how to do- farm and work in dairies. The fact is that it's not true that anyone can grow up to become president.

[@alexstokowsky6360]

Also, all of the Presidents have at least one slave owning ancestor in their background with the exception of Trump. So they all (except Trump) exploited slave labor to gain their wealth and power and were able to hold onto that throughout the generations.

[@sinausa]

The presidents on this chart all have English ancestors because that's the only thing this chart is showing, where is Trump, Clinton and JFK.

[@zach5018]

So what

[@alexstokowsky6360]

@@zach5018 I think the point was that success in America depends largely on the maintenance of intergenerational wealth, and the further back one goes, the more a substantial advantage it becomes.

[@lbarmstrong1]

Anyone CAN grow up to be president. Who says they can't? And who cares about the color of their skin? Give it a rest.

[@eddiehancockii]

Van Buren is supposedly related to King John. I forget how, but you have to go back to King Johns mother or grandmother or something. I don't know if it's TRUE but it would be interesting if it is. Side project maybe?

[@mikejunt]

There was a discussion of this in the 'who is the senior living heir of charlemagne?' video, but basically when you get back to 1000 years ago, you're almost certainly related to everyone who was living if there was the least intermarriage and transfer of people (especially considering illegitimate children). So finding a way to get to King John by going back generations past him is not particularly notable; even all the presidents short of Van Buren being descended from John is not really notable. One commentor in the Charlemagne thread noted she had traced her genealogy back to Charlemagne .. ten times over. Since the number of ancestors you have is exponential (2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great-grandparents, etc), by 30 or so generations you have a number larger than the number of people living at the time, and you will start to see a lot of repetitions. The only place you don't see this is between groups of people that didn't have regular interaction and intermarriage until the last few hundred years (like, say, people from Europe and people from China or Japan). So because of these waves of immigration it's more common to not have any distant relation between various people in the United States than it is in most of the world, because the United States hasn't existed that long in a historical scale and because it's waves of immigration have come from very different parts of the world. Since the Presidents, to this point, have all had white European descent (even Obama on his mother's side), finding the distant European connection between them is not that remarkable, and in fact is fairly predictable. You can basically assume that you are related to everyone who lived 1000+ years ago in the region your family originated who has any living descendants. By 50 generations, your total number of grandparents exceeds the number of humans that have ever lived, so the same people start to appear many, many times.

[@myrddinemrys1332]

@@mikejunt Exactly 37 generations where you are generation 0 to surpass the amount of people whom have ever lived. 107 billion people is the rough estimate for total people who have lived and generation 37 (roughly 925 years ago assuming a generation is 25 years) would be 137 billion.

[@just_radical]

I had heard that it was one of John's older half sisters either Marie or Alix who married the Counts of Blois and Champagne. So All U.S. Presidents would be descendants of Eleanor of Aquitaine.

[@yarazooom]

KING JOHNS mother was Elenor of Aquitaine & father Henry II [Plantegent] son of Matilda granddaughter of William [the bastard] Conqueror 1066 descendant of Charlemange. PS altho kings & queens of England they were ALL French Normands who did not speak english. not a Englishman among them until EDWARD IV 1430 ? who married a ''common woman' Elizabeth Woodville, grand mother of HENRY VIII she was a distant descendent with French ancestors.

[@just_radical]

@@yarazooom i think Henry IV was the first one to speak English.

[@stolensweetroll4538]

Imagine going back in time to show the top names like John Taylor this chart and recording their reactions

[@CrazyCowPie]

Absolutely fascinating!👏👏👏👏

[@TheAlexSchmidt]

The Mayflower wasn't actually the first English arrival in New England; John Smith had mapped it out (other Europeans had been there too) and there was the unsuccessful Popham colony in Maine.

[@grantorino2325]

Indeed, the ship's "main claim to fame" was the *Mayflower Compact* , a document signed by all of her men passengers that would eventually serve as a template for the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights. Between that and Thanksgiving, the Pilgrims pretty much "stole the show" even though they arrived here 13 years after the Jamestown colonists and 55 years after the settlers of St. Augustine.

[@TheMattastic]

It's very cool and interesting to see this laid out like this. I understand any random selection of people would share some surprising relations, but I wonder how likely it is that any random American would themselves be related to any individual named in this video. I strongly suspect they'd be less likely to share a close relation than they would with any other random American. Not due to any kind of intent, but just because the ruling class is pretty likely to mix among themselves.

[@walterappling6230]

I’m a random American and I’m related to both Harrisons and to Jimmy Carter. Because of emigration from early VA and from early PA to the Broad River area of GA.

[@lightyagami3492]

Im related to FDR, Calvin Coolidge and Richard Nixon just in this video 🤷

[@RighteousAnger4God]

@@walterappling6230 I'm also related to the Harrison's lmao and by extension Abraham Lincoln, I guess it's more common than you'd think

[@koolmckool7039]

I'm related to Washington, Grant, and apparently a couple others. I'm still verifying as many as I can that have been claimed to be my relatives, but generally it seems the family lines are holding up.

[@yukiyuel2959]

I agree with you. It’s not that likely. People commenting on this video is not actually random. On this video you are more likely to find people who will come and relate to it rather than people on the street

[@Sg190th]

5:30 I've seen a website that has the same exact design but the way you described "once removed" made it more comprehensive.

[@Me-hm6fv]

Wow, being a president must run in the family.

[@JohnnyLodge2]

Would you consider doing a chart on language families. Such as Native American? Would be really cool

[@Ah_Yote]

1:06 but they aren’t just necessarily related to each other but they all have one common ancestor being King John, if me and a coworker happened to be related to one common ancestor who had the same job we’re working at currently okay cool, but if it turned out dozens of our former and current coworkers he’ll damn near everyone at our damn jobs for the past couple of centuries all had that same common ancestor that’s fucking weird beyond a common coincidence

[@MegaMegatron15]

It would be interesting to see how these relations have changed up to the modern day. Also surprised that the Kennedy's did not make an appearance.

[@TheAlexSchmidt]

The Kennedy ancestors are all Irish Catholics without deep connections to too many other families, so going backwards wouldn't get anywhere. The Kennedys did marry into other families though, so that's something.

[@bobmcbob9856]

They are more closely related to each other than any group of natural born Americans whose families migrated to the US more recently from somewhere other than Britain

[@FOLIPE]

Many of them are of mixed ancestry, so unless those Americans only have ancestry in very recent migration (post 1960) that should not be the case, I assume.

[@comradewindowsill4253]

@@FOLIPE I'm seeing very very few possible eastern European or Italian names here, never mind Asian ones... but eh, what would I know, my generation's the first in the family to have citizenship anyway.

[@Ms.Delphine1204]

Best explanation of the “removed” term ever.

[@coolmanab_42069]

Damn I didn’t know that John Adams was related to John Quincy Adams

[@Child-Obliterator9000]

It's even crazier that George Bush and George Bush are related

[@a_t_sshorts4662]

@@Child-Obliterator9000 AND DONALD TRUMP AND DONALD DUCK ALSO

[@fairycat23]

@@pm40394 I think they're just having a little too much fun lol

[@anthony-jt2mv]

I love how this "founding" families can easily trace back their routes,and there's us

[@DominicNJ73]

They are able to do this for two reasons: first, the genealogy of all American presidents has been exhaustively researched by many people, so it's pretty easy to find those connections and second, the families of the founding fathers (like nearly all families of their era and later) carefully recorded family histories in family bibles, those bibles have been passed down and added to for generations (at least until the advent of modern record keeping). Remember, people/marriages weren't documented in official gov't records until the turn of the 20th century, up until then the particulars were recorded in family bibles and in local church records of marriages and baptisms.

[@FrenkTheJoy]

Yeah, if you were famous enough you'd have professional genealogists working to trace your family history so there'd be a ton of info. Also a lot of randos these days are more "recent" Americans than the founding fathers. Like I have a set of great-grandparents who were still living in the Austria-Hungarian empire in the 1910s so there's just less reliable English-language records that are available to find in the US than for the presidents who were alive 200 years ago. Some of what I personally know about my ancestry just comes from word of mouth because there aren't records because foreign+poor+war=missing records.

[@darylfann1946]

Absolutely fascinating.

[@bernadettelanders7306]

Exactly, just about everyone is related, some very distantly. My sister is a genealogist and the relatives she’s found, one living around the corner, many from other countries. Yes even 6 or more times removed. She was telling me only last night, surnames I had no idea we are very distantly related to. It does my head in lol. She knows all the connections, it’s mind boggling and I forget who’s who lol

[@silver3660]

The mayflower seems way more interesting in terms of genealogy than what it's known for.

[@PeteNice29]

When you start off with a small number of people, naturally there will be immediate relations due to necessity. Given how small and provincial early America was and how certain families and classes only intermingled with one another, it certainly makes sense to see all this. The random gene pools we have now are a relatively recent thing, and not for the better.

[@limonesycafe8898]

​@@PeteNice29 I hate to break it to you, but groups have been intermingling on earth since Egyptian times. This talk of gene pools is a little silly especially from a genealogical perspective.

[@ajalicea1091]

Thank you for explaining the terms of 1, 2, 3 removed. First time I have had it explained.

[@DrX427]

Loved the video! I always thought that original genealogical claim of the Presidents was a bit off. Sidenote: I just noticed a typo on George Washington's block: 1st was mistyped as "1sr"

[@CarlosGarcia-rf5tw]

i'm not saying there's a conspiracy, but it makes sense that political influence is connected to generational wealth

[@dellaswanson9837]

Its not a conspiracy. It's actually real and the bible prophecied their ultimate plan

[@FrenkTheJoy]

@@dellaswanson9837 What "ultimate plan"? The nefarious plan for... people to be in charge of a country?

[@dellaswanson9837]

@@FrenkTheJoy the new world order or the new age like it says on the one dollar bill

[@internet_troll81]

Awesome video. My kids' maternal grandmother was adopted and I traced her biological family line to Issac Allerton. Pretty cool to see how they are directly related to FDR and Zachary Taylor through Issac.

[@logan9758]

You missed Franklin Pierce and his relation to the Bush duo They were fifth cousins 5 and 6 times removed And Millard Fillmore was there fourth cousin 4 and 5 times removed

[@kkvnair9714]

0:01 This is cool

[@NoemiCarlobos]

Yes it is

[@lisamiller8174]

Just discovered this video. Very interesting. My dad's step-father (who was born in 1899) was from one of the Knickerbocker families. A cousin to both Teddy Roosevelt and Martin Van Buren. There is a saying that all of the Knickerbocker families knew each other. Pretty much. (And, yes, TR was a pretty cool guy, IMO.)

[@EvelynElaineSmith]

From the missed being a cousin by a tad department: I'm related to FDR through the Delano family.

[@hozonkai9967]

Poor Elliot Roosevelt committed suicide by jumping, leaving Eleanor an orphan in 1894. He didn't get to see his big brother become President

[@Sophie_Miller_Wx]

Teddy adopted his kids after his death. Eleanor lived in the White House as a child. Crazy how she would eventually come back when marrying FDR😌

[@joshburns493]

This was a lot of work for that little girl who made this chart.

[@Mehwhatevr]

4:54 you read my mind. I was about to go find another video to refresh my memory on this

[@hmpz36911]

This is pretty interesting. I wish I knew something about my ancestors. My knowledge only goes back like 3 generations at most, but I have ancestry from Germany, Hawaii, Ukraine, Japan, and Ireland, so I would imagine that I'm likely related to a lot of interesting people.

[@aleladebiri]

All my ancestors were dirtpoor peasants 😭😭

[@hmpz36911]

@@aleladebiri lol I'm originally from K&A in Philly. It's probably the worst intersection in the country, so I can relate to peasantry. People from all around the world watch videos on K&A because it's become so famous for the dozens of junkies all zombied out, in broad daylight.

[@darrenknowles842]

Could you do a chart on secret societies and their ties and similarities?!?! That would be SO COOL!

[@goead]

He wants to stay alive

[@alexd481]

Very interesting chart. My direct ancestor came to North America 375 years ago, yet I am related to no one on this list. People with non British ancestry seem to be less likely to have a connection with the folks on this list.

[@LincolnDWard]

How do you know? Have you traced all of the ~15,000 branches of your genealogy since that time?

[@lbarmstrong1]

British immigrants often were involved in politics when they left (because of religious persecution but also due to the English Civil Wars) so they had a propensity to become more involved in their new world in an effort to avoid some of the problems and pitfalls they saw in England. While the diaspora of French Huegenots, for example, mostly came from the artisan classes after the Reformation in Europe (it was a great exodus of talent, the middle class talent leaving France with mostly upper and lower classes and not as stable). Silversmiths, watchmakers, wheelwrights, millwrights, artificers... And different Huegenots were divided by time period they came over, for example, if they came early and were from the upper middle class, they still had some of their wealth to become more established. But if they waited until after more persecution by the Catholics, they were "beaten down," had lost their money, their lands, etc. Their settlements in the new world reflected such. Later waves of immigrants brought the Norwegians to American farming, Irish, etc... American history is SO rich with the stories of the people who came.

[@screwthenet]

That little girl was right! I knew something was suspicious about so many presidents. Not all of them, but still...oof. GOOD JOB!