SKY & PLANT COLOR ft. Worldbuilding Notes

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CORRECTIONS:
docs.google.com/document/d/1m...
MUSIC:
Hard Boiled Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
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Thanks for watching everyone. It means a lot. :)

[@vigilantsycamore8750]

That star gradually getting bigger is kind of menacing *without* the smooth jazz, but *with* the smooth jazz it feels like the star is trying to seduce me

[@skinky1956]

Look out! I think that G-class star likes you.

[@farmerboy916]

"The star starts sashaying towards you to the beat of the smooth jazz, what do you do?"

[@Thesmus]

@@farmerboy916 ask "ya like jazz?"

[@fairycat23]

Shall I write that story?

[@pillarshipempireemployee0142]

That would happen to me if danny didn't exist.

[@alienplatypus7712]

Atefexian: Blah blah frequency blah science blah research astronomy blah meteorology refraction Wordbuilding Notes: UNLEASH THE SACRED BELLOWS

[@FlauFly]

So, basically Artifexian is like Robert L. Forward of worldbuilding youtube and Worldbuilding Notes is like Ursula K. Le Guin.

[@niydfass1060]

sacred bellows go *swoosh*

[@beautifulnova6088]

I figured the idea was the sacred bellows weren't actually doing anything, it was just seasonal winds that the people thought they were influencing.

[@Candlemancer]

@@beautifulnova6088 Yes, that is the idea. They're a religious ritual, not actual magic.

[@javindhillon6294]

@@Candlemancerokay okay but what if yes magic?

[@phonomancer_thepossum6279]

I have officially fallen in love with "bioluminescent sky algae"

[@cjjones6261]

Would be interesting to see a sky tinted by massive clouds of plant pollen. I'd probably die from seasonal allergies, but the beauty would be worth it

[@charlienorton3960]

Same here.

[@theapexsurvivor9538]

Bring a Hazmat suit, then you can enjoy the beauty without the sneezing, coughing, and slow asphyxiation...

[@charlienorton3960]

@@theapexsurvivor9538 I will keep that in mind next time I visit another planet

[@peeblekitty5780]

That's actually a great idea. I imagine the peoples of this world would build an immunity to such pollen as seasonal allergies like ours with that much pollen would be a huge survival weakness, but man, can you imagine if, instead of just releasing pollen willy-nilly during spring, the plants evolved to have reproduction events, like how ants have nuptial flights? Sounds like it's visual narration time! _The weather's been warming up and rain has been misting down over the past few days. The wet season is here. The flowers have bloomed and people spend their days outside in anticipation for the annual big moment. The twittering birdsong ceases as the little animals sense the incoming change in weather and seek shelter, while you and your neighbors leave yours to watch. With a sudden howl, the current of winds kick up and the plants release their spores and pollen all in a rush, and a wave of golden particles sweeps through the sky. The land grows dim and amber as the sun's familiar red light is obscured and tainted. You can only sit there and gape in awe. You come out to see the pollen sweep every year, yet it still amazes you every time..._ It sounds both beautiful and gross. I'd imagine it'd be mostly beautiful myself, though. That is, if I was resistant to the pollen allergies that would be torturous if there were a pollen sweep IRL.

[@princessthyemis]

Ooo, yeah!

[@RugnirSvenstarr]

I grew up in a place where heather covered the hills and mountains around instead of grass or moss, so when it was the right time the hills would be purple, and when the heather was not flowering it would be brown.

[@dumusstarbeiten5063]

Damn. sounds beautiful.

[@darkunor6687]

Were Is that place?

[@RugnirSvenstarr]

@@darkunor6687 northern england in the peak district, although scotland is more famous for it

[@darkunor6687]

@@RugnirSvenstarr sir, you are a very lucky person

[@catsii]

this sounds so beautiful... thank you for this mental image

[@thomasflach7671]

3:32 When a star dies *F Star*

[@mollof7893]

_Lmao!_

[@NoNameAtAll2]

O B A F G K M

[@MineCraft-qw2ow]

9:46 you mean

[@edgarcardiffscpreadermemes366]

@@MineCraft-qw2ow it do be like that

[@bleddynwolf8463]

a man of culture

[@AlmantasKli]

That whole city description is soo goood, sounds so poetic.

[@AnkhAnanku]

I mean of course Ewa’s planet has a vibrant city with interesting cultural practices. She’s friggin genius.

[@sammy3212321]

Ewa consistently creates incredibly unique and culture-rich worlds, they're my muse 😂

[@ColinPaddock]

Ewa is the best for culture building. Even in a hard(-ish) science fiction realm, her magic ideas are an excellent source for what the natives believe. And if you think those superstitions would subside as technology and science advance… I’d have to suggest you get out more!

[@GuilhermeBF]

Ewa is incredible with her poetic and beautiful yet believable and uneasy concepts. The God of the Journey is an amazing video about religion in a generation ship going to a distant planet

[@nellie3184]

If you like the description you should subscribe to her. She is a awesome worldbuilding KZbinr.

[@johannageisel5390]

There is a sci-fi book by a german author who described a possible ecosystem on a planet around Proxima Centauri where organisms have bioluminescence to radiate off the excess energy during solar flares. Kind of like optical brighteners convert UV light into visible light.

[@robertcorbell1006]

Stanislaw Lem. He was Polish and wrote "The Magellanic Cloud" which featured that. The book's portrayal of bioluminescent lifeforms near Alpha Centauri with an intelligent stone-age species would together with "Call Me Joe" by Poul Anderson (with the portrayal of a remote-controlled body by a paralyzed man) inspire the movie "Avatar". Lem would also pen the novel "Solaris", a sci-fi classic that has seen multiple films and stage-plays.

[@johannageisel5390]

@@robertcorbell1006 I like Lem, but he was not whom I meant. And I also found out the author I thought of isn't German at all. I don't know why I thought that. He's American. It's Brandon Q. Morris and the book is called "Proxima Rising".

[@robertcorbell1006]

@@johannageisel5390 Googled the guy and it seems he wrote a whole trilogy around the exoplanet Proxima B. He portrays a seed-ship powered by lightsail and the intelligent, transhuman, AI protagonist of his previous novels is now the father of the new Adam and Eve via science. It takes its cues from other books such as "Parasite Planet" (also set around Proxima Centauri) and "Deathworld", but is mostly original in that the sci-fi is as hard as it gets. Looks neat. :)

[@rockclanhawkstar1454]

Oh heck that book sounds like that would be great inspiration for my own project, though things may be different between the two it still has a similar situation XD

[@johannageisel5390]

@@rockclanhawkstar1454 I have so far only read the first one. The ideas are neat, but I found the writing style and characterization wooden. Could be the German translation, though.

[@Science-ev1he]

The key thing is to judge the atmosphere by the content of it's character.

[@williambarnes5023]

But then it turned out that the content of its character was ALSO that of an unpalatable chlorine, sulfur, and methane that is hostile to life.

[@vakusdrake3224]

Plant color may also just be a complete evolutionary accident. After all there's the idea that the earth used to be covered in purple halobacteria (which capture the most abundant wavelengths of light) and early chlorophyll based algae evolved to capture the light that was left over from the halobacteria. Then when oxygen became abundant and wiped out halobacteria green algae took its place: kzbin.info/www/bejne/f3qkXp6Vl6eWgpI

[@tonio103683]

I don't know if you were paying attention cause both artifexian and this video are stating convergent fact : the purple algae they spoke of in the PBS video is exactly one of the strategy that Edgar spoke of : absorbing the most abundant kind of light instead of reflecting it. So the PBS video is actually completing what Artifexian spoke of : according to the purple Earth hypothesis, earth's "sun eaters" autotrophs developped both strategies. The only point of Artifexian's video that the purple Earth hypothesis actually contradict is the reason why the second strategy ended up chosen : the second strategy was chosen because the original most abundant autotrophic halobacteriae blocked the first strategy for the surviving autotrophs not because it's "too dangerous to absorb the most abundant colored light". Note that Edgar said that you can justify using either strategy for your world building project so it's not even that big of an issue. P.S. However it's quite probable that for plant life around bigger stars they'd still want to protect themselves from too energetic wave lengths.

[@vakusdrake3224]

@@tonio103683 My point is that modern chlorophyl using life isn't using either of the strategies mentioned in the video. Absorbing the light not being used by halobacteria isn't either of the strategies gone over in the video because it's color is being determined by other life not directly by the sun. Plus now that halobacteria is no longer abundant green chlorophyl is basically just a vestigial feature, not something present because it's trying to absorb some particular amount of the suns energy. It's also worth noting that depending on where they live photosynthesizing life can function in environments with orders of magnitude differences in the amount of available light, so color may not even matter that much once you get a pigment that's good enough.

[@tonio103683]

​@@vakusdrake3224 My point is that it amounts to the same : Purple is first taken cause it's efficient and then green is taken to eat the "remains" (since green is complementary to purple) and kept around because it's efficient enough. The hypothesis doesn't really contradict that green or purple is the most efficient under our star it just gives a stronger explanation why what seems a bit of the less optimal strategy was chosen. Yes, but the main environment where they might develop is where light is the most abundant, so under direct sunlight. That they adapt somewhat to that sunlight seems to be logical (even if it could be wrong). If the plants develop in an environment where certain type of light is blocked, it could very well happen that wild surprising colors end up being chosen.

[@vakusdrake3224]

@@tonio103683 If what we actually observe is that plants are the opposite color you'd expect based on the suns spectrum, then that is still a rather substantial change to the model proposed in the video. Since it suggests some portion (possibly the majority) of the time plants may end up the exact opposite color you'd expect for evolutionary reasons. Additionally given chlorophyl eventually succeeded because it was much more efficient than preexisting pigments, that suggests plants could in principle be nearly any color depending on what highly efficient pigments evolved first. Plus it's worth noting that plants are actually kind of terrible at photosynthesis given with tweaks to rubisco we can increase the efficiency of their photosynthesis enough to get 40% higher yields. So there's likely a lot of flexibility in terms of plants being able to have certain aspects of their photosynthesis be extremely inefficient provided they're still better than the competition overall.

[@tonio103683]

​@@vakusdrake3224 Well then, i hope he'll tackle your remarks in the next FAQ video.

[@BonaparteBardithion]

I like how stylized the animation is these days. Having the screen set on that scenery for so long made me realize just how much can be done with geometric shapes.

[@Shiranui115]

My two favorite KZbin worldbuilders/conlangers? Together in one video? I don't remember dying, but it looks like I'm in Heaven

[@grimtheghastly8878]

That's the biggest mood rn you have no idea.

[@tiscotisa9731]

Whoooo

[@sumeetvaze8203]

Truee

[@mihajlojovanovic7651]

Yeaah

[@grimtheghastly8878]

Mom and dad.

[@Inversion10080]

Who else remembers this: "KZbin, Edgar here, and Welcome to Artifexian! Here, you will learn everything you ever wanted to know about worldbuilding, and then some!" The old Artifexian intro.

[@animationspace8550]

Oh my god this brings me back!

[@me.genius]

I love your voice. Dost particles are my favorite particles

[@rambling964]

Just a small correction - we see the sky as blue, because there is no 'purple' colour at the blue end. There is in a _rainbow_ because the second-order rainbow overlaps the first. We imported the colour names to the spectrum, but in a *photograph* of a light through a prism, the 'violet' is a very dark blue with no reddish tint.

[@Aleks-M]

:-O I am shocked by that cognition! You can't take purple out of the nature - you just can't! ;-)

[@awfuldynne]

A "double rainbow" is when the second order rainbow is visible. As we can see, the second order rainbow does not overlap the first. It's clearly outside the first order rainbow, and its innermost band is red, so they'd have to be completely overlapping to mix the red of one with the blue/violet of the other.

[@buwumet]

@@awfuldynne the violet end of the light spectrum is actually deep blue. Violet changed its meaning over time. Nowadays it means a mixture of blue and red light. When the light spectrum was first discovered and named, it had no association with a red tint. Visible purple light does not exist, that is a myth created by color name meanings shifting. Where we see purple, it's always a mixture of red and blue light, so either a rainbow has no purple at the end of its blue side or the second order overlaps the first.

[@awfuldynne]

@@buwumet No. _Indigo_ is/was deep blue. The "blue" end of prism-split light is, clear as day, a shade of purple that cannot be mistaken for blue, except presumably by the colorblind.

[@vaiyt]

Depending on how you set up your prism it may be hard to see the violet because we have very little sensitivity to it; but it's distinct from a mix of blue and red in the same way yellow light is distinct from a red-green mix even if they're identical to our eyes.

[@cercer3226]

As vegetation (or at least decidious trees) have several pigments for the different seasons, would it be too unlikely for vegetation around a somewhat regular variable star to develop a system that allows it to change pigments depending on the amount of radiation emmited by the star?

[@angeldude101]

Possibly. The main issue is that solar flares are shorter and more abrupt than seasonal changes.

[@Cachalyce]

I think this might be possible. And altough I'm working with a single-star-system, this would be a great development for double-star-systems as the radiation (like the colour of the sky) might change depending on the position of the stars. This combination of changing sky-and plantcolour depending on which star is closer might actually make up for plenty of interesting cultures. Gues my elementals need to leave earth towards a tiny planet now :D

[@johnroach9026]

@@angeldude101 It could work for a particularly volatile red dwarf, you'd need to be careful not to kill off all life on the planet when it does flare up though

[@Aethuviel]

I'm hijacking your comment to ask everyone a question - regarding plants on Earth (or around G-stars). According to this, plants here are green to reflect the powerful green light. With the other strategy, they would be brown-red, to absorb green light. I just did a quick search and found that the occasional red leaves (not autumn, but live summer leaves) typically occur in places of strong sunlight (as in, the same plant may have green leaves in the shade). How does that make sense? Are those sun leaves trying to absorb even more light, while the green leaves in the shade want to block it? It sounds backwards.

[@Cropcircledesigner]

​@@Aethuviel​Think of it as the plant equivalent of a tan. The red-purple pigments are protecting the underlying cells from excess radiation.

[@Ggdivhjkjl]

I need to watch this again on a device that doesn't have problems displaying red.

[@shgds]

Caca you biatch!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@danthiel8623]

Or you are slightly color blind? Maybe

[@scribblecloud]

@@danthiel8623 how would they know what properly displaying red looks like then? My device has the same issue, colors are completely fkd, anything too dark shows up as green and it has a lot of burn in

[@ApricotStone]

That moment when the reasoning for your planet's purple plants is actually correct-

[@AnkhAnanku]

Siranush same. I always thought I was committing a sin by not letting my plants just evolve to _use_ the UV deathrays that hit the my planet, Rayleigh whenever the sun rises high enough

[@superlegomaster55]

Yay! I hope next one will be about vegetation on the planet. Desert, tropical forests and such.

[@johannageisel5390]

That would be nice. But if not, Stoneworks has videos about deserts and swamps/wetlands. kzbin.info/door/lnWLqdyrQ-hcDYW5kQQ6vQvideos

[@casimiriii5941]

I hope so too, I felt this video kind of short chanɡed plants, I mean he didn't even mention flowers, the most colorful part of the plant.

[@powdertoyguy]

Noo biblaridion's gonna copyright

[@gamerrfm9478]

Marvel: Infinity War will be the largest crossover in history Artifexian and WorldbuildingNotes: Hold our beers

[@seanezeh2290]

Nice but overused

[@viorp5267]

Holy shit! My 2 favorite worldbuilders are collaborating! . . . . . . Hi Ewa

[@mollof7893]

Ikr, epic

[@AnkhAnanku]

Completely different flavors, but both epic imaginations.

[@Alice-gr1kb]

AnkhAnanku yeah. I watched her videos and realized how much it would help me in my magical worlds

[@gone41214]

Hi ewa

[@souptime8635]

Good tip. Don't stare at the star

[@katie-ampersand]

Alternia in a nutshell

[@johnkrappweis7367]

What you were saying about green skies. I read a book years ago called “Ark Liberty” that does exactly that. The ozone layer was wrecked from pollution so scientists seeded the atmosphere with floating algae ,turning the sky green.

[@BeneathTheBrightSky]

Ooh, idea! A binary system, with a star and a black hole. The skies regularly get dimmer and brighter in time with the seasons. The only problem is the time dilation. Due to the black hole, time goes slower, so a few billion years there and all the other stars die.

[@ossi_2429]

I still remember the star types from Oh Be A Fine Gungan, Kiss Me from that one video years ago.

[@otakufreak40]

Those eyes you put in turned this video into a horror movie. Also, your guest suddenly talking was kinda shocking.

[@benjaminmiller3620]

You probably have quite a bit of leeway in picking plant colour. (as long as you stay inside a safe AMOUNT of radiation to be absorbed vs reflected) It's generally believed that chlorophyll is a somewhat happy accident that is hard to evolve away from. (a local maxima) If photosynthesis had to evolve from scratch again, it might well be a different colour.

[@mateuszjokiel2813]

In fact, photosyntheric bacteria used to be reddish-purple.

[@benjaminmiller3620]

@@mateuszjokiel2813 True. And still are. I actually *have* a culture of purple sulfur bacteria. (By sheer coincidence, I'm more of a plant guy than a microbe guy.)

[@amfvideos6810]

I like how you said "Got it? Cool, let's world-paint", because of the subject of the video.

[@entropyzero5588]

But then he went ahead and called the dooblydoo a "description box" >.>

[@lilalampenschirm3203]

Wow, this was so interesting and even though I almost didn’t know anything about the topic before, I think it was nicely summarised and described. Your Videos give me the spirit to look into specific worldbuilding topics I previously considered to difficult for me or even didn’t think of before. And I adore your video style.

[@Monody512]

Plants on a flare star's planet might undergo a chemical reaction in their outer layers, rapidly changing color to protect themselves.

[@MisterSketch4]

Monody those plants would need an early warning if the flares were not at regular intervals wouldn’t they?

[@applesauce3873]

@@MisterSketch4 chemical reaction , as in they would be detecting the change... how could you not feel a solar flare

[@MisterSketch4]

@@applesauce3873 My point is that by the time the plant felt the solar flare it might be too late. I think they might need some advanced warning, to avoid being destroyed frequently.

[@larenzdechavez442]

They might have folds that one side is black and one side is white to block the flares.

[@jerry3790]

In your animation where you show skies around different stars, is the star growing due to the closeness the planet has to be to be habitable?

[@martinsriber7760]

Yes.

[@demon_xd_]

I’m pretty sure it’s because of the size of the star

[@danielgrizzlus3950]

@@demon_xd_ Wrong. M type stars are the smallest

[@demon_xd_]

@@danielgrizzlus3950 Oh

[@user-nw3ol7fk1i]

@@danielgrizzlus3950 didn't realise that until now, whoops

[@AnExistanceOfNothing]

Forgive if I'm wrong, but I think they may have gotten the plant color explanation backwards. To my understanding, plants aren't the colors they absorb, but rather they appear as the colors they reflect back into our eyes, so a yellow plant would be absorbing only blue wavelengths while reflecting green and red, while a blue plant would be reflecting blue and absorbing green and red.

[@ragnkja]

Yes, he explained strategy 2 (plants that are the complementary colour to the star’s peak output) first.

[@boudicathebrave]

I read the title real fast when I clicked on this video so at first I was confused that it was an Artifexian video and then when Ewa started talking I was literally like :O I really like that little waterfall scene I think it's pretty. Watching all the colors changing was very relaxing and it was cool to see how a culture could develop practices based around changing sky color. :-)

[@quinn7894]

In the animations where the sun "grows", when it looks "smaller", it's actually high mass and radiates shorter wavelengths, and when it looks "bigger", it's low mass and radiates longer wavelengths. I got confused the first time I watched this and just realized this now, so I'm leaving this comment in case anyone else is confused.

[@rickardspaghetti]

This video is just a series of prog-rock song titles.

[@jjju3]

Holy shit airborn biolumenesent plantlife is the fucking craziest shit ive ever heard and I've never more quickly added something to a story

[@wrath908]

Considering that the alien world I'm building is a planet sitting in outer habitable zone of a k-type orange dwarf, I find the idea of the native plant life having the same green color as earth's to be pretty funny

[@marinmilevoj4829]

What happens to the colour of plant life if we have changing sky/star colour? Like you mentioned with a double star system for example.

[@appleislander8536]

Personally, I'd expect it to be somewhat like Autumn ("Fall") in our world, with seasonal variation in plant colour, though this would be contingent on the orbit of the stars.

[@lyreparadox]

@@appleislander8536 Or perhaps seasonal dominance of two plant lineages - one evolved to absorb the wavelengths of light from one star, and one evolved for the wavelengths from the other. So when the light from one star is dominant, those plants are active and it's their 'summer' while the other lineage is dormant, like in 'winter'. And all on top of any regular seasonal variations the planet has. It could make for some fascinating overlapping ecosystems.

[@jellyfish0311]

@@lyreparadox plants would grow taller during one of their seasons, covering the lower ones that need shielding and forming some weird simbiotic relationship.

[@Hositrugun]

I have been awaiting this collab for far too long.

[@gameinsane4718]

A “B-Scenario M-Star” is a mood a vibe and a trip all in one

[@T2G-DJT]

I guess Morioh Cho’s skies have been explained once and for all!

[@Alexandra-ip2by]

[running down stairs] [kicks door open] I CAME AS SOON AS I HEARD! EDIT: oh my god i'm top comment

[@the_Kutonarch]

Here's a tissue, clean yourself up.

[@davidk1308]

Same

[@magiv4205]

@@the_Kutonarch Do you have another one left?

[@the_Kutonarch]

@@magiv4205 I have a whole box just for you, enjoy!

[@magiv4205]

@@the_Kutonarch thanks lmao

[@markschultz2897]

He messed up the order of the stars at 3:19. It should've become smaller and smaller rather than bigger and bigger. O type stars are the largest while M types stars are the smallest.

[@_pan-tastic_28]

Alright, who's gonna tell them?

[@ARandomSpace]

The star is growing bigger because the distance between the planet is star is getting smaller so the plant can be habitable. It's a matter of perspective.

[@markschultz2897]

@@ARandomSpace Still confusing though

[@Robert399]

Was Earth's sky ever a different colour within the timeframe of multi-cellular life existing?

[@mateuszjokiel2813]

Almost definitely not. Not at all substantially anyway.

[@Sabersonic]

Though I was familiar with the idea of plants of an M Class habitable world having black pigment as opposed to our more familiar green tints from some alien life documentary that I've long since forgotten the name of, the notation of different plant colors and even competing plant color theories does give off an interesting worldbuilding thought on how the stellar environment is like. However, nothing quite says "alien skies" quite like the cyclical changing of the sky's color throughout the local year, especially if its combined with Tatooine suns regularly eclipsing one another and seasonal particulates of the air. One could almost get away with a moonless habitable world (assuming such a thing is plausible) just by the color of the sky. Heck, the "months", for lack of a better term, could instead be named after colors instead. Either way, excellent video as always and thanks for the inspirations.

[@merrittanimation7721]

I remember it mentioned on the History Channel series The Universe. Don't know the episode though.

[@Sabersonic]

@@merrittanimation7721 It's probably the episode about extrasolar life.

[@entropyzero5588]

Isn't a satellite required to stabilize the rotational axis? I don't think a changing obliquity would be very conductive to life evolving, even if you could get away with "seasons" based on sky colour...

[@Sabersonic]

@@entropyzero5588 Which is why I put down the notation "if such a thing is plausible"

[@Cathowl]

I'm shocked I found her shortly BEFORE you recced her. XD I wish you'd had a bit of dialogue about her world idea though. She presented it, but it would have been interesting to hear a discussion about it.

[@shieldgenerator7]

this video seems better as a reference during world building than as a source of entertainment

[@magnusskipton7067]

This is definitely the oddest and coolest KZbin rabbit hole I’ve ever found

[@petersmythe6462]

WRT flair stars, what about just dealing with the flares by losing the visible portion of the plant? Everything is bleached dead from the flare but the root system just pumps out more stems once the flare ends?

[@paualamar]

Was I the only one who shouted “NO” at the beginning as if the video was a PBS show?

[@Dracopol]

11:04 Thanks to Eva the Alien Girl for talking about her planet and the craaaaazy beings there...

[@llewballantine6678]

I remember seeing comments about these guys collaborating, I'm so glad it happened

[@ziril3972]

I always love what worldbuilding notes comes up with! This as great

[@natsunnie]

AW YEAH HIT US WITH THAT WORLDBUILDING KNOWLEDGE

[@GuardsmanBass]

The big problem with black for plants around M-class stars is that those planets would almost certainly be either tidally locked to the star (or in some kind of very long day due to a resonance orbit), and "black" would mean they'd face some serious heat stress while sitting in direct sunlight continuously. They'd probably need to either take the lightest color they could do photosynthesis with, develop some kind of internal thermal mitigation (maybe they cool themselves with deep root water reservoirs? Or the steady winds on such a planet?), or simply have an entire life-cycle in the daylight that isn't long by our standards.

[@aisir3725]

"The bigger the star the bluer the brighter and more vivid sky" White dwarve: am i a joke to you?

[@robinchesterfield42]

White dwarf stars would...huh. Well at your planet's original distance (assuming it didn't get totally melted during the red giant stage) it would look like...a star. Maybe a slightly brighter/more noticeable one, but it wouldn't look like a sun at all. Now, if you moved the entire planet/built a Dyson Swarm to within its new, much SMALLER habitable zone...what colour would it make the sky then? Same as other white stars? I dunno... Are we talking like, the same species that used to live around the star back when during its main sequence days, then escaped the solar system during the red giant time and came back to live around the embers (for...sentimental reasons? Bear in mind they'd have BILLIONS of years future technology if it's the same culture more or less.) Or random strangers in a breaking-down colony ship who were getting desperate for someplace to live that wasn't, like, void, and went "Hey, that's a star! Sort of!" The former...wouldn't even bother, they'd be a Kardeshev 3 civilization by then and eating galaxies for breakfast, population-spread wise. If a small colony of a few die-hard crazies, say, only a quadrillion people or so, INSISTED on living near the star because it's their original, awww--they'd live however far away from it they damn well please with artificial megastructures, terraform and sling around planets, dome over things, live in tunnels, genetically engineer plants (or themselves!) to survive the cold...even go digital. Or...a mix of ALL of the above. The stellar refugees from elsewhere, however, might be a newer culture and so for the sake of this we'll say they are. So it comes down to: How close WOULD you have to place a planet to a white dwarf to be within its habitable zone? And from there, that would determine how big it looks in the sky and presumably affect the sky's colour. Unfortunately I can't help you there; I don't even know where the Goldilocks Zone for a dead star would BE. We're probably talking a "year" length of hours... (Can you tell that I love this stuff? And have watched -way too much- just enough Isaac Arthur? :))

[@abcde_ghijklmnopqrstuvwyxz2188]

@@robinchesterfield42 i know a bit about space as well so i can tell you a bit about the habitable zone around white dwarfs. white dwarfs do have a habitable zone, however that zone will slowly move inwards towards the white dwarf as white dwarfs are dead stars that release all their heat and radiation and slowly cool down over time. this can take many years, maybe millions. the habitable zone would be somewhere around 0.004 - 0.04 astronomical units (au) depending on how old and cool the star is. so, depending on what the the planet's atmosphere is and how old the white dwarf is/how close the planet is to the white dwarf, the colour of the sky would change. a young white dwarf would make a blue sky since they are as hot as our sun (10,000° F), while an old white dwarf would make a more reddish sky since it's very cool. i'm not sure though, these are just theories.

[@skamnatron5000]

Thanks so much for posting this. I’ve been searching for explanations for outlandish sky colors for so long. Cool video and good illustrations to help get the point across!

[@hiddenshadow2105]

I love this video so much. It answers - with clear presentation - so many questions I had about skies and the plants. It even shows a supercontinent and wind patterns.

[@owenslavens5644]

Love the idea of the sky changing color when the suns eclipse each other. It could create some really cool culture. Is there a way to know how often your stars would eclipse each other though?

[@flameindigo8035]

could run a simulation on the orbit of the multiple stars and their planet to see when one would eclipse the other.

[@theparadoxicalfox3472]

Fantastic video, as always! I was just starting to research this stuff yesterday, so this is going to serve as a really good jumping block into my next worldbuilding rabbit hole.

[@raybnnuy]

This is insanely cool and as an artist I am SO hyped with all of this information. Thank you so much for sharing!!

[@Adelphos12]

This is such a great worldbuilding tool -- thank you for making this!

[@florbengorben7651]

YO MY GIRL EWA HITTING UP THE VID WITH THE COOL SHIT. actually though you both were so great in this video and I hope you keep producing content for years to come.

[@lordgiblets7585]

Not too long ago, a hurricane had hit the Gulf coast, mostly hitting around Texas and Louisianna, but parts of it had swept over central Arkansas as it was losing strength. During normal daylight hours, the sky had a yellow/orange tinge to it.

[@txikitofandango]

Your graphics are simply breathtaking, your explanations are clear and accurate. I'm so happy you focused your talents on the noble art of scientifically informed world building.

[@seraphina985]

One other way I could see plants possibly evolving such that the outer cells of their leaves have the ability to produce and store a highly reflective pigment that the plant can release into the cell to reflect excess light. In effect not unlike how humans can vary the amount of melanin in the dermis granted in our case the range for any given individual is fairly narrow but there is nothing to say that it need be the case if the selection pressure to be able to handle more significant variations in isolation existed.

[@OverlordZephyros]

Yes!! Amazing been waiting for this one! Thanks 😊

[@ToqTheWise]

My con world orbits a low f type star and has a pale blue sky. Plant life on this world is yellow and red to absorb the most star light possible, making it look like an eternal autumn. There an equatorial valley surrounded in the north by a chain of very active volcanos, and in the summer the winds carry hot ash clouds over the region. Making the sky a dark grey with an ominous red sun.

[@AnkhAnanku]

Toq The Wise I’m not great at weather, but would it work like that? I love this idea I just want to think it through. If you’re at the equator, the pressure is low and the temperature doesn’t change much. Actually, at the equator there is no “summer” and “winter” for them except what the volcanoes do. But the volcanoes do get seasons so that definitely works. And yeah, I know, even if they weren’t that far north there could easily be a whole bunch more planet with interacting pressure zones and all of this is easy to write off but humor me. If the sun hits the north and warms the air above that region up, would that lower difference of temperature make it less likely to swoop down to the equator? Or would the warmth create a pressure increase and cause it to get sucked down the Hadley cell even harder? Is it the amount of energy or the difference in energy that makes the wind blow?

[@MarkMetEenC]

Yay!! Super collaboration!

[@whodis2614]

10:25 I know that this is REALLY late, but I just had a cool thought about how plants could adapt to a flare star. What if they had a sensor that could detect a change in their environment, like you said, and when those sensors are triggered, the plant tells its chlorophyll equivalent to change to white or die too be replaced by/swap out with another chlorophyll equivalent? Essentially, the plants would go through a sudden change from black to white. Once the flash is over, they return to their normal black color. Kinda like a much quicker version of how some animals' fur colors change depending on the season, but extremely faster. This change could also be an alert system for creatures that can see, telling them to seek shelter. Intelligent creatures that can have a culture would then associate white with fear, danger, and death. White may be used to signify a dangerous area, it could be used on flags to ward off other civilizations, and if could be used in funeral services as a color of mourning, or maybe it's adorned by powerful people like dictators and monarchs. If a disease causes paleness, people may fear it like the black death in our world. If albinos exist, their birth may become an omen of bad luck in the family's future. It could also be a sign of beauty, the same way some people romanticize our own symbols of death. The simple act of the plants changing from black to white could shape an entire culture.

[@arkanys3401]

Every time I see a video on worldbuilding I realize every idea I had and thought was somewhat original actually wasn't

[@DrunkenUFOPilot]

Any one idea is likely to have been thought of before by someone, but the endless combinations will keep creatives busy forever. Then in real life we'll learn more about exoplanets and weird things no one ever thought of before.

[@oh...hi.]

your videos just jump right in without any nonsense, i love it

[@ebonyblack4563]

The demonstration animations were a stellar touch, love it, and that unexpected collab was the cherry on top.

[@ggpopart4480]

just discovered this channel and im in LOVE

[@maykopanter]

dream crossover! thank you both!

[@CMAlongi]

This was really helpful! I'm writing a sci-fi novel that takes place on another planet, and this helped me figure out what everything looks like.

[@qwertyTRiG]

Artefexian, WorldbuildingNotes, and Simon Clark! Excellent!

[@Julika7]

Why do your graphics look like these from Kurzgesagt?

[@echtoon]

It's a modern aeshetic used by loads of companies. It's called 'Flat Art,' and you have probably seen it everywhere. The infographics on Google devices and websites for example. The channel probably use the art style because it's simple, modern and visually appealing.

[@Julika7]

@@echtoon Ah, thank you.

[@ThunderClawShocktrix]

@@echtoon its basically like cell shaded cartoons minus the outlines....

[@cedeelbe]

They really don't... Kurzgesagt's art style is more rounded and densely packed.

[@Nosirrbro]

I think you should consider something like a plant around an M star might not be too bothered by visible light at all, as most of the star's output is infrared, and as such whatever color in visible light happens to evolve might be mostly irrelevent to the plants just trying to eek out an existence. Same goes for an O type star where most of it is UV. And of course everything changes if the atmosphere blocks out a lot of some sorts of light (our atmosphere just so happens to block much of both infrared and UV, which is probably part of why we define visible light the way we do)

[@extralargemcfries9891]

Never thought I’d hear the term “peak green”

[@alejandroojeda1572]

In Dune the Sky is vivid blue, because of the lack of atmospheric Water 😉

[@BonaparteBardithion]

Just south of BC we're also getting skies tinted by wildfires. I don't think we ever had violet skies as far south as the Seattle area, but between wildfires in BC and California we spent the last two summers with pink skies and a deep red sun and moon. Predictions were saying it could become a yearly occurrence similar to Ewa's monsoon skies example.

[@thealientree3821]

3:20 live footage of SCP-001 breaking the day.

[@griffincrump5077]

This is so incredibly interesting, and exactly what I was looking for a while back

[@mranonymous2642]

Just found your channel and it’s one of the best things I’ve seen, immediate sub

[@CiperSyntax]

The growing star is trying to seduce me or what?!

[@robinchesterfield42]

It just wants to light up your life! And everyone else's. :)

[@joeweinberg3108]

I love her so much!! I can't believe you guys did a collab together!!

[@thepants1450]

Unbelievable content, my mind is brimming with ideas now.

[@doofmoney3954]

Holy THIS IS THE CROSSOVER I’VE BEEN WAITING FOR

[@anson7776]

THIS IS THE MOST AMBITIOUS CROSSOVER EVENT IN HISTORY!!!!!

[@ninjatuna3917]

I thought this video was about colour theory for art, but the science behind this is just as cool

[@zombathinlostleghackercat5233]

1:31 Mori-mori-mori-mori! Morioh Cho Radio! (Cho radioooo!)

[@zombathinlostleghackercat5233]

(The sky is yellow.)

[@zombathinlostleghackercat5233]

"The Infographics Show art style Sheldon J. Plankton isn't real, The Infographics Show art style Sheldon J. Plankton can't hurt you." The Infographics Show art style Sheldon J. Plankton: 6:16

[@rachelb.684]

thanks for putting the script in the description! I have limited data at the moment so i can't watch videos, so that's very helpful.

[@rockclanhawkstar1454]

Dang man this is really helpful. I am making a Scifi fantasy setting that's a flying space whale. And originally I was thinking of having the atmosphere just blue like earth, but after thinking how the atmosphere would be shaped along with its blue crystal like star I thought it wouldn't make sense for that.

[@braydencoversbeatles4029]

It would be interesting if as you went from the equator to the poles, plants gradually changed from green to purple

[@eve36368]

i do my nails based on the the sky, tree branch silhouettes & stained glass. i enjoyed this video a lot

[@Rat_Basket48]

The green flash signals when a soul comes back to the mortal world from the dead

[@sully9767]

I wonder what earth would look like if we saw all seven "colours" of visible light instead of variations on red, green and blue. 🤔🤔 Because what would the sky look like then. And plants. And people.

[@EriksGarbage]

exactly how it does now i think

[@Mysteri0usChannel]

Hey! I'm studying physics at college and work for the university. My boss is the lead astrophysicist here and so I get to learn some stuff from him. One idea I had would be to use some sort of tiny Notch-filter like particle that aligns to the planets magnetic field, creating differently colored skies all around the world, and strong winds would also turn those particles, changing which colors they block out and thus temporarily changing the color of the sky. Maybe something like that could be incorporated to create seasonally changing skies? A thick layer of notch-filter-like nano-particles which are rotated at different angles depending on the speed and direction of the wind, thus, with changing seasonal winds, the rotation of the particles would change and, due to how notch filters work, the color which they block out. Or you could use a highly photothermally active gas in the sky, and then use the concept of thermal blooming: the gas adsorbs light, heats up, becomes less translucent, and as the light can progress it anymore and is reflected, it cools down again and becomes translucent again, so the light can re-enter the gas and heat it up again, starting over the cycle. Or you could use the so called "Raman effect" - which would make the light become less and less energetic and thus the wavelengths longer the thicker the atmosphere is. Or you could use variable stars! Their habitability isn't too well studied so we don't know whether such a star could host life, but since we also don't know whether it can't, a sci-fi story could explore that idea and have a planet orbit a star that changes in brightness and temperature (and thus color) over time! Or, if you want to get REALLY crazy, you could place your system close to a very massive object, near black hole level massive, and then have redshift happen in the light when the sun and the planet move away because of the object's gravity, and blueshift when they are moved towards each other, causing periodically changing sky colors.

[@AnkhAnanku]

Mysteri0usChannel I love these ideas. For the first one, have you considered nano-scale cuboidal prisms as an atmospheric dust? I get that you’re talking about dielectric filters but that’s structural coloration, kinda like thin-film interference, right? If you just had a mineral that cleaves up into prisms at just the right size you wouldn’t need to keep them perfectly aligned to the poles (which seems impossible given the turbulence of a moving atmosphere). Another possibility is to give these particles a biological origin. Diatoms, for instance, create their shells in near-perfect geometric structures with nano-scale features, creating more than 6 billion tons of extremely regular silica crystals each year on our planet. And if you’re set on a porous dielectric, single celled life could handle that for you long as you give em a reason. Diatoms, it seems, build and shape the pores in there shells for some sort of selective diffusion, but it is not well understood.