As some who works for ASML, I love the tech and the people I work with. They are very smart and the tech is unbelievable advance. Proud to be ASML employee.
@guilldea2 жыл бұрын
Could you give some insight in how to land a job at ASML? Thank you :)
@masoudsiddiqi24032 жыл бұрын
@@guilldea try to apply for service engineering position or install/upgrade engineer which we call is URI (uninstall, Relocate and install). it requires a lot of travelling. Best wishes
@guilldea2 жыл бұрын
@@masoudsiddiqi2403 Thank you! Will do :)
@JoeRichardRules2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for what you do
@mariansirbu8672 жыл бұрын
Excuse me please, what exactly does each letter in this ASML name mean??? Thanks in advance for your answer
@redhidinghood9337 Жыл бұрын
This is absolutely insane. Such an honor for the journalist team being able to get into the plant, and for us viewers to see it as well
@abelashenafi62912 жыл бұрын
Just applied for a job at ASML after watching this video. What an Amazing company
@konstantinboev70182 жыл бұрын
hope you get the job ^^
@abelashenafi62912 жыл бұрын
@@konstantinboev7018 Thank YOU for your kind wishes.
@masoudsiddiqi24032 жыл бұрын
Welcome to ASML. Great company to work for. ASML CSE :)
@abelashenafi62912 жыл бұрын
@@masoudsiddiqi2403 Thanks but they replied they got a better candidate. I was applying for an Embedded Systems position. I'll try next time. Thanks for your support though
@huseyinfadullahgungor42076 ай бұрын
Haha i have been applying here in taiwan too, hope to get in 😂 Reach me out if anyone sees this that works in asml taiwan 😂 help me man 😅
@vinzent1992 Жыл бұрын
7:30 I absolutely love how well he explains how a computer works in the simplest terms which everyone can understand, while being clear and concise. I'm an electrical engineer and when people ask me such questions I just give up because I know that they will be sleeping before I'm done explaining.
@scarfo441 Жыл бұрын
That's the mark of a real teacher..
@TrggrWarning2 жыл бұрын
Europe needs more of this. Good job!
@kyks67712 жыл бұрын
Respect..the company, the work, the culture, the CEO & VP with their thinking, their values reflected, humbleness & pride🚀🎶
@CALCOBRA94 Жыл бұрын
Man they speaking a different level of language. I can not wrap my head around this very complicated machine. This ppl are VERY GIFTED. My GOD.
@CALCOBRA94 Жыл бұрын
What do they see in those ENGINEERS EYES as they gazed upon the unfinished product???
@daviderhahon3 ай бұрын
It's German
@jadecarson50817 ай бұрын
Intel and AMD will definitely have their share of the market. TSMC is at max capacity and investing in other semiconductor companies will be an absolute power move, I keep increasing my shares manageably. Different chips are good at different things and Nvidia has been very specialised, which leaves other aspects of Al open.
@mondimlotshwa39587 ай бұрын
This is the type of in-depth detail on the semiconductor market that investors need, also the right moment to focus on the rewarding AI manifesto.
@jadecarson50817 ай бұрын
certainly, i had bought NVDA shares at $300, $475 cheap b4 the 10 for 1 split and with huge interest I keep adding, i’m currently doings the same for PLTR and AMD constructively. Best possible way to get ahead, is participating behind top experienced performers.
@donnahensley24597 ай бұрын
How much of their stock do you own? Seems like a lot of your investment is riding on this
@davegustavo47267 ай бұрын
You are buying a company to own it and not a piece of paper, The market is a zero-sum game (2 sides), Know what you are buying not just out of trend interest.
@DoughRollers-tb5li7 ай бұрын
Amazingly, people are starting to get the uniqueness of Palantir.
@mprkayew42862 жыл бұрын
The genius of the Dutch. Such an amazing company with the future of the World in its hands. Thanks for a great insight into this unique company
@ssotkow Жыл бұрын
Over 120 countries are represented at ASML. Vital components used by ASML's EUV/DUV lithography machines are based in the States and abroad. Yes, this Dutch company relies on outsourcing global suppliers too, despite being a critical supplier of Samsung, TSMC, and Intel.
@JigilJigil3 ай бұрын
The technology was originally developed by the Americans then it was transfered to the ASML, hence many of the ASML suppliers are American companies, and the most critical part of the system is still built by a California based company.
@George-nc4yc11 ай бұрын
I wish to thank the extraordinary litho team at ASML and the people that made this presentation. I have seen miracles in my time!
@krampfkeks7737 Жыл бұрын
thank you for this wonderful documentary! also thanks to asml and its people to show us, what kind of magic they are able to do. i‘ve heard about this company and its essential technology, but never really knew what they do. now i have a profound understanding of their work and am highly inspired by their philosophy and professional culture. please keep documentaries like these coming!
@bouchechhamdi8162 жыл бұрын
When i was in the Netherlands, they were hiring 200 new employees per month, crazy.
@CALCOBRA94 Жыл бұрын
Wow the amount of talented gifted intelligent and young ASML employees!! Mind blowing 🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯
@paullb2440 Жыл бұрын
“I would leave a company with those values right away”….I know the Dutch are famously direct but that was unnecessarily confrontational.
@The8224sm Жыл бұрын
Thank you for a great presentation. In a way, the world revolves around ASML and TSMC, these two companies are the seed from which our society grows.
@JigilJigil Жыл бұрын
Not really, the world would be fine without TSMC, but without Intel and AMD it would be a different scenario, plus you can make chips without ASML but you can't make chips without Applied Materials, there are many fabs in the world without any ASML equipment in them but you can't find a single fab in the world without Applied Materials equipment.
@HawkinsOkeyoEng Жыл бұрын
@16:08 it is either she misspoke or the translator was lost in translation. To correct it: "the tin is fired at by the laser at 50,000 per second" and not per day.
@andrewbellinger61202 жыл бұрын
amazing that people who speak Klingon have such advanced technology
@dalsenov Жыл бұрын
You are very biased.
@PatrickBatefan Жыл бұрын
😂
@aguzman222 Жыл бұрын
thank you - can't stop laughing :)😆😆
@flippert06 ай бұрын
As a German, I agree 🤣That being said, your statement is doubly inane: of course the Klingons have a advanced technology and the Dutch always were very technology-savvy. Just look at their land-reclamation engineering.
@atanacioluna2922 жыл бұрын
Amazing! This is one of the most amazing videos I have seen in a while. Thanks for a fun tour of this esoteric world.
@stanleychukwu74242 жыл бұрын
wow!!! I watched every single seconds of this video and I'm proud of humans like this! I'm also inspired!
@j121212100 Жыл бұрын
Throughout history the Netherlands has always been on the leading edge of optics.
@Krystian_Kandar2 ай бұрын
Asml it's amazing company that is changing the world 👍😊
@altduarte22529 ай бұрын
This is the best documentary about ASML that I have seen. Congratulations to all the people that produced it.
@trevortherefinegroup Жыл бұрын
Absolutely incredible company and a brilliant documentary about them! I appreciate that the team covered such a wide range of subjects, from founding, to leadership, obviously technology, culture and more 👏
@FaultyGlitch Жыл бұрын
This is amazing its breathtaking how far humanity has come and what we have developed it's mind blowing how these machines are even made.
@robertpearson85462 жыл бұрын
The best feedback to the designers is from the assembly techs. They are the first to see a problem.
@oakspines7171Ай бұрын
Passion and commitment make things happen.
@LeonidAndrianov Жыл бұрын
Awesome documentary about tech! The creators managed to make it well-balanced and engaging, thank you! 👏I graduated as microelectronics engineer (with honors, btw) and still remember the old-school process of chip- and PCB- making. Technologies has gone so far now... A remarkable moment at 44:33 - Challenge, Collaboration and Care - looks like CEO truly believes in it, and that resonates to me. Folks, I would add Curiosity and let's explore Mars together!🙃Space, nuclear energy, AI, advanced tech - shall be peaceful domains for the sake of humanity.
@JimFeig2 жыл бұрын
Can you also do a video on their optics supplier? They are another interesting and critical part of the chip supply chain.
@jackinsonpablanes760 Жыл бұрын
really? Can you elaborate on that?
@OscarGonzalez-qm9qw Жыл бұрын
@@jackinsonpablanes760 I think it is called zeiss. It is a german company. DW has a documentary on them.
@MarcinMoka1 Жыл бұрын
These are such brilliant, fascinating people. Respect!!!
@robertpearson85462 жыл бұрын
Machines have their own personality. At TI they had an IC test machine that hated me. I would walk in, smell burning electronics, and log it out to maintenance. Maintenance would find nothing wrong and log it back in. This went on and on until the ground strap on the machine melted. A colleague would use the machine for 4 hours. I would walk into the room, and it would immediately go down. TI finally hired a technician for me so I did not have to go into that room.
@pratyushgolecha79417 ай бұрын
This is simply brilliant. Thank you for bringing this up and sharing. It is a privilege to view such a marvel of our generation.
@mariotobias5918 Жыл бұрын
ASML: We always have to assume there are spies. ASML: Uses Thinkpad for their computers.
@BraveNewWorldSH Жыл бұрын
Or what? Use Macs that are built in China?
@Crazy--Clown Жыл бұрын
Cheap
@robertprawendowski28502 жыл бұрын
Accuracy of ASML machines is truly impressive. There are no real competitors for them ob the global market. Its interesting that they are indispensable for a global supply of semicontuctors. Chip Market is dominanted by companies from America and Asia, but europeans still deal cards, especially in that niche.
@dianapennepacker6854 Жыл бұрын
Carl Ziess ‐ makes the insane mirrors used by ASLM is an other important manufacturer in Germany. Not sure if anyone else can do it.
@JigilJigil Жыл бұрын
@@dianapennepacker6854 There are a bunch of other companies both in Europe and US capable of making similar mirrors, they are not the hardest part.
@Birch372 жыл бұрын
The 'Heading' says ASML Number 1 Chip maker? They don't make semiconductors at all. They make the machines.
@TuzannyeKyanjaUganda8 ай бұрын
That's exactly why I clicked on the video to just write this
@sopranwijaya70183 ай бұрын
They talk about how to make a machines
@paulkazibacharles Жыл бұрын
Breathtaking technology indeed. Thank you
@boombot9342 жыл бұрын
Beautiful example of cooperation this company is👍!
@daspec2 жыл бұрын
This is not a documentary for hi-tech, its a 1-hour long invitation for nerds to go and work at nerd paradise! ^_^
@pikadumonde8389 Жыл бұрын
Leuk dat je toch ook nog Nederlands hoort spreken naast het Engels in een wereldklasse bedrijf.
@henrikmidteng9593 Жыл бұрын
Great documentary!! The Dutch are smart people!!!!
@18890426 Жыл бұрын
are you??
@maxxlindley94252 жыл бұрын
as always, your documentaries are so well done , and I learn so much ...
@Shania-fg5rp6 ай бұрын
i appreciate how you always cater to a wide audience!
@ishboo31311 ай бұрын
Omg this is my dream job! A Electrical Engineers dream. Thank you for sharing,
@dawid4190 Жыл бұрын
14:50 - "putting a man on the man" - from a technological standpoint, is indeed really hard thing to perform
@gollakotaumrao912027 күн бұрын
This is different world and unique technology with lots of dedication and hard work
@whatslifespurpose2 жыл бұрын
Best workplace during covid pandemic!
@JN.0711 Жыл бұрын
27:19 The Light Source is made by Trumpf in Germany, they produce the Laser who shoots the tin drops
@JigilJigil11 ай бұрын
No, the Light Source is designed and made by Cymer in US, the laser is designed by Cymer as well and is built by Trumpf in Germany.
@arizonawut11 ай бұрын
The reporter said he would leave a company right away if their values were “challenge, collaborate, care”😂😂😂 Dude sounds like a real winner…
@abirroy13332 жыл бұрын
Creating chips for machines that creates chips Now that's recursion!
@tydolla1539 Жыл бұрын
I hate how the interviewer rudely interrupts with his very SMALL THINKING mindset! The CEO was about to drop some gems…
@denni_isl18942 жыл бұрын
ASML secret is probably networking. Btw. this is one of the best video I have seen on youtube.
@kaisersozajunior8650 Жыл бұрын
This is the most complex piece of machinery ever invented. It's mind boggling
@johnruuu Жыл бұрын
That you are aware of.
@VendettaProspecting Жыл бұрын
miriam is stunning
@FerociousPancake888 Жыл бұрын
I live in a US town that will be building a $100B chip factory. Will be interesting to see how the town changes.
@Crazy--Clown Жыл бұрын
Yes, more meth labs
@conradtrinh64707 ай бұрын
I doubt any success unless lot Asian Chinese vietnamese immigrants Chinatown Asian town nearby like bay area Silicone valley California or Texas Houston.
@CUMBICA19702 жыл бұрын
It's so shocking to learn that there are still technologies that can't be copied not for lack of fund but lack of, well, technology. Take that google!
@adrienforbu5165 Жыл бұрын
Congrats to the dutch !
@dhawalparmar711727 күн бұрын
I love semi conductors ♥️
@ricerob2 жыл бұрын
There's no contrast on the subtitles they can't be read didn't you prove this before you posted it or called it finished why not a voice over instead of subtitles
@rally_furymoments52942 жыл бұрын
Why are they all using ThinkPad?
@CatFish107 Жыл бұрын
"Already has to walk 20 minutes in high heels to get to her office" Bravo. Gripping writing here. Glad you took the time to bring us such insights.
@p__jay Жыл бұрын
whats your problem? they only highlighted that it is a huge complex where they work!
@9HighFlyer9 Жыл бұрын
It probably sounded/meant different in Dutch before it was translated.
@windmill19652 жыл бұрын
Mooie documentaire VPRO! Een plezier om naar te kijken.
@lupuszzz Жыл бұрын
15:18: The most ingenious people in the world work here. It won't be long before they discover the principles of length measurements and parallelism.
@platin2148 Жыл бұрын
And there isn’t really a single company in Europe who buys these machines that isn’t actually a US,Tawain,China based company. Or wait there is BOSCH.
@timeamkane20962 жыл бұрын
I'm sad the CT, USA plant was not mentioned here, we build a big portion of the machine and have a huge D&E presence
@Erik-gg2vb2 жыл бұрын
What is the CT, USA plant? I think the tin droplet assembly is made in Sad Diego.
@timeamkane20962 жыл бұрын
@@Erik-gg2vb it's in Wilton, CT amd we make half the machine there
@dalsenov Жыл бұрын
I read that ASML has around 800 collaborators.They acknowledged here they are an integrator. Obviously they didn't mention every collaborator or supplier that make the ecosystem. There's no point in doing this!
@JigilJigil Жыл бұрын
@@dalsenov The technology originally was developed by US National labs and American private companies, EUV light source, the most critical part and also the most complicated part of the EUV system comes form an American company, it's not like those suppliers that supply valves or wires.
@fajnalowiec2 жыл бұрын
awesome piece of documentary, a cool place to work :)
@23drcharles5 ай бұрын
ASML is the key super supply chain partner for Taiwan Semiconductor. This company sells an EV system that costs $150 million and sends a professional worker to Taiwan. They are critical in the high-end chips that rely on their service. The key to world security rests with maintaining key components in European countries.
@robertpearson85462 жыл бұрын
If I were a new hire, I would require them to replace their Lenovo "computer" with an ASUS machine.
@JigilJigil2 жыл бұрын
A few things to know: 1 - The EUV technology was developed by United States national laboratories along with some other US-based private companies, and then ASML asked for the permission of the US government to get access to the technology and got involved in the consortium. 2 - ASML acquired the technology from US national labs, also bought a couple of US companies to develop it further. 3 - Cymer (an independent subsidiary of ASML based in California) is the provider of the EUV light source, they design, develop and make the light source which is the main technology in ASML's EUV machines. 4 - Intel has played a major role in helping ASML with the capital and implementation of their technological capabilities to make these machines a reality.
@kalidilerious2 жыл бұрын
I'm surprised there was no mention of the old silcon valley in relation to ASML
@TomaszJegorow Жыл бұрын
Oh yeah, it was developed in the US but the lizard people in your government forbid you to figure out how to manufacture it. Well between "developing" and actually implementing the idea there is a huge difference.
@l2etranger28 күн бұрын
17:47 Maine or Oregon?
@NinoLamberty9 ай бұрын
amazed to see what company my uncle build up
@chefnyc2 жыл бұрын
The industry stopped using imperial system for the wafers. They don’t call it 12”, they call it 300mm. Being a European channel I would expect to see more metric system in the videos. Also it took a while for this channel to make a video about the single most industry in the world which happens to be Dutch.
@apexaviour2 жыл бұрын
l guess they are "a relatively obscure company" 😉 hence why it took them a while. As far as errors, I'm pretty sure there's no NXE:3400-"D" machine (only B and C). And the English subtitles wrote "EV" instead of EUV and High-NA as "HNE". Minor errors, I won't hold it against them 🙂
@MagicBoterham2 жыл бұрын
These videos are paid for by Dutch tax payers and region locked. They're intended for the world market. VPRO makes money off of the ads. I am commenting via VPN.
@Andrew-rc3vh2 жыл бұрын
In China they call them 12". I suppose in the EU it is the regs. There is a law about that. You can't sell half a pound of butter either.
@nothingiswritten12 жыл бұрын
If you want to see a great short video on how the EV Lithograph actually works, look up: 'The Extreme Physics Pushing Moore’s Law to the Next Level'
@kurandsmapagmahal.t.v Жыл бұрын
Never forget about safety. Use Softgle Comfort
@markcoupe57482 жыл бұрын
Imagine taking someone from the 1500s into that place - they would think we had turned into aliens to produce that.
@kennyycy2 жыл бұрын
Interesting, the CEO of ASML has a picture of Hong Kong’s Victoria Harbor on his office wall. I wonder did the interview team had a chance to ask what’s the connection between the boss and Hong Kong. 🤔 Fascinated to learn more.
@antelectric8554 Жыл бұрын
Just mind blowing. ✅
@PerryThePlatypus32 жыл бұрын
ASML stock is a no brainer investment for the next few decades!
@camilkegels3640 Жыл бұрын
Sure, but take the geopolitics into account
@PerryThePlatypus3 Жыл бұрын
@@camilkegels3640 Right, like I said long term....AMAT is also a good American play on EUV machines.
@Pezii4u Жыл бұрын
thx for the awesome and informative Documentary... I love to get an tour of an awesome Company like ASML :)
@robertpearson85462 жыл бұрын
ASML needs highly technical people that are also highly creative. At Texas Instruments, my group had 24 "engineers". Only 2 bothered to read the free technical material. Only 1 read Research and Design Magazine. Who needs an X-ray mirror. Who needs a walnut-sized laser gyroscope. No one would ever want a more efficient X-ray laser for Lasic surgery. No one would ever want a 3-D mouse that tracks in 3 dimensions. At Abbott Laboratories they tried to hire 3 engineers to do the production design for an infusion pump based on a prototype from a famous west-coast "engineering company". Bryan did the mechanical engineering and I did the electrical and software engineering. They gave us specifications for size¸ weight, battery life, and cost. The time allowed was 6 months. We threw out the junk from the "engineering company". Brian designed a pole clamp. When it came time to test it (it needed to support 100 lb.), I said, “See that hat rack. Put the clamp on that. No. put it near the base.” Then I told my boss, “Now stand on it.” The clamp is rated at 1 project manager. I designed a bubble detector that actually detected bubbles. It used the critical angle of reflection to distinguish air from water. I read about a nutating stepper motor. I called the company. They asked how many do I need. I replied 5000. They choked. I told my boss, “If I decide to use that motor, we should buy the company.” I finally picked a cheap standard motor and designed a driver that gave me 9 times the rated motor performance. I designed the case so that removing 3 screws opened up the entire case for ease of maintenance. My power supply was only 97% efficient. The result was a pump that was half the size, half the weight, had 50% more battery life, and cost ⅓ the specified cost. The board of directors was afraid to put it into production. I terrified managers. I would tell them what I would build. That scared them because they knew it was impossible. Then I delivered what I promised. That scared them even more!
@naydee2 жыл бұрын
You sound like my sil. He’s a software engineer for Magic Leap, who is moving from gaming to real world technical applications. Sometimes I ask him to explain some of the engineering situations the team is working on. My eyes glaze over as he swiftly loses me in his attempt to explain technicalities to me. I’m awed, but lost. I’m so glad guys like you all exist! I was a liberal arts major and I can’t run with y’all.
@rickghaly2 жыл бұрын
Wow! That installation "owner". Rock star. 👏
@c123bthunderpig Жыл бұрын
Interesting that this video was made a year ago. How quick marketing status chanegs :-)
@franciscovarela7127 Жыл бұрын
“without ASML there are no chips” Hyperbole. Not to take anything away from ASML as it builds the most advanced EUV lithography machines that are used by companies like TSMC to fab incredibly powerful transistor packed chips. However other vendors, e.g. Nikon, build litho machines albeit at a generation or more behind ASML’s tech. There certainly would be “chips” without ASML.
@JigilJigil Жыл бұрын
Yes, I think Applied Materials is the one more in that position, you can certainly make chips without ASML but you cannot make chips without Applied Materials, as they are the key manufacturer of many of the equipment in every fab.
@uku4171 Жыл бұрын
9:55 making a 20 minute walk sound like a big deal.
@LouisFobb-zs9hv8 ай бұрын
Fantastic!
@xxyy_69692 жыл бұрын
Nureen Hoosein - Well done! I love seeing South African women leading the way in tech. Mr narrator Nelson Mandela university is in Port Elizabeth.
@duMaurier15 Жыл бұрын
Is there any position at ASML for someone like me who has no degree but has worked in Manufacturing for the last 10 years and is pretty tech-able? Would love to work for this company and live in Netherlands.
@Crazy--Clown Жыл бұрын
No dude, go flip burgers at maccas u stooge
@chipz65 Жыл бұрын
Plenty of jobs in the US Semiconductor industry - the company I work for has over 1000 opening
@duMaurier15 Жыл бұрын
@@chipz65 US Semiconductor? As in USA or is US Semiconductor a Netherlands company? I live in Canada but wouldn't mind living in either. Canada winters are getting to me lol.
@JigilJigil Жыл бұрын
@@duMaurier15 If you want to be a part of making some of the most complicated equipment (machines) that are used in chip fabrication, you should go to US, as most of these equipment come form American companies and are built there, even significant part of ASML's equipment are built in US.
@usmanrolibi7050 Жыл бұрын
I love science
@warmesuppe2 жыл бұрын
@vpro documentary At 14:54 it should probably mean man on the moon.
@Castorp-wn7dh Жыл бұрын
"There's only one company in the world that can make it: ASML in Veldhoven". This will, of course, eventually change, like with every other product in the world.
@ashh30512 жыл бұрын
44:45 The interviewer cut him off before he even explained their values, to say that he would straight away leave a company that had those values? What the hell is that guy smoking? Not that he would have any chance of getting hired there.
@thisutuber2 жыл бұрын
"I'd flee those values, cuz That's just common sense" "Life is one long chain of common sense!"😆
@ashh30512 жыл бұрын
@@thisutuber the way he threw his head back 😂
@adolphusputin-56052 жыл бұрын
Thats Dutch mentality for you. They don't beat around the bush. It comes over as very blunt but i get what the interviewer was saying though. If an employer tells me the company values are "Be nice, Work together" i would probably think the same. Those are obvious values that exist in every job and it makes it sound as if the company is not that special at all
@madsam03202 жыл бұрын
Talking of values sounds pretentious and mythical, almost see a halo on his head.
@deniseproxima2601 Жыл бұрын
@@madsam0320 They have lost it to moon and Confucius.
@dannywalters2365 Жыл бұрын
Is there any chance a customer can reverse engineer these things?? Probably not. The people who build them would have work cut out??? True or false. Please enlighten
@ОлегЛарин-с3ю Жыл бұрын
ASML, the fantastic 👍
@yellowChupacabra Жыл бұрын
There would still be chips without ASML, just not the ones that depend on EUV
@tronghungdao251 Жыл бұрын
GENIUS KEEP IT'S UP HOllAND❤❤❤😅🤩😅👍👌👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏
@ericanderson2987Ай бұрын
A VERY Interesting Video about possibly THE most Important Company in the world. My only Ding of Video, is Choice of how Text is Presented- For easier Reading,, Text SHOULD of been overlaid onto a black background.
@omaryounis9113 Жыл бұрын
the semiconductors considered from the solid state physics ... from the brave iraq 🇮🇶
@scarfo441 Жыл бұрын
Talk about a stock to buy..this will be my first equity purchase..then Nvidia..then skyworks inc..then tsml..Samsung..AD..
@azamatbezhan16535 ай бұрын
How do you think, is it possible to make 16nm metal pitch in forksheet design until 2028
@enebelichristian23905 күн бұрын
"Without ASML there's no chip" is a misleading statement. While ASML's achievements is quite phenomenal. Chips have been around (though less advanced) and without them will continue.
@hlawulanisibisi26347 ай бұрын
Nelson Mandela university is not in Cape Town, it is in Port Elizabeth now called Gqeberha