Battle of Pharsalus 48 BC - Caesar's Civil War DOCUMENTARY

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Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the Great Roman Civil War (Caesar's Civil War) continues with the aftermath of the battle of Dyrrachium ( • Battle of Dyrrhachium ... ), as Caesar retreats from Pompey until they eventually meet again at the battle of Pharsalus.
Beginning of the battle of Ilerda and the siege of Massilia: • Caesar's Civil War: Th...
Battles of Ilerda and Massilia: • Battles of Ilerda and ...
Battles of Utica and Bagradas: • Battles of Utica and B...
Battle of Dyrrhachium: • Battle of Dyrrhachium ...
Why Caesar's Civil War happened: • Caesar's Great Roman C...
Previous episode on Caesar's conquest of Gaul: • Caesar in Gaul - Roman...
Roman Politics before Caesar - conflict between Marius and Sulla: • Rome: from Marius to C...
Evolution of the Roman Armies: • Armies and Tactics: Ea...
Roman history: • Roman History
Sources:
Caesar's 'Civil War'
Plutarch's 'Life of Pompey' and 'Life of Caesar'
Appian's 'The Civil War'
Lucan's 'Pharsalia'
Cassius Dio's 'Roman History'
Theodore Mommsen's 'History of Rome'
Support us on Patreon: / kingsandgenerals or Paypal: paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: / @kingsandgenerals We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: docs.google.com/document/d/1o...
The video was made by our friend MalayArcher ( / mathemedicupdates , while the script was researched and written by Peter Voller. This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & kzbin.info/door/79s.... The art was created by Nergiz Isaeva.
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #Caesar #Pharsalus
Machinimas created on Total War: ROME II engine using these mods:
-ROME II HD collection by Celticus
-Divide Et Impera
-Golden Emblem by Mobayj
-Lux Un Umbra reshade preset by Hazard.

[@KingsandGenerals]

Let's pour a drink for the real one! By the way, various ancient authors mentioned different commanders leading Pompey's wings and center. In short: Caesar says Pompey was on the left, next to the cav, he doesn't say who was on the right. Lucan says Ahenobarbus is on the right, and Lentulus on the left. Plutarch has Pompey on the right, and Ahenobarbus on the left. Appian has Lentulus on the right, and Ahenobarbus on the left. Ignore all these dead people and only trust Offy D.

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

Hail Kings and Generals, Imperator!

[@lalruatdikavarte7943]

In 9 seconds nice video very informative and very entertaining and very satisfaction more videos.

[@jungyangheng1405]

When are you continuing the Napoleonic Wars

[@jeffm3283]

Dress it up and make it real for me

[@deuratusanimatedhistory10]

you mean Appian, not Arrian

[@weqweqkweq7264]

Caesar Liutenant: They outnumber us and we have no supplies. Caesar: Then its a fair fight.

[@dyingearth]

Our men must win or die, Pompey's men have other options.

[@KingRumar]

They say that if you fight a war hoping to live; you'll die. If you fight willing to die then you'll have a better chance at living

[@worsethanjoerogan8061]

Yo, there are 3 of us and 1 of you! So go get some more guys and it'll be an even fight

[@dyingearth]

@@reddragon6103 Not quite. The Social War was between Rome and the allied Italian cities that's not quite fully franchised Roman citizen yet. In that war, Rome prevailed, but eventually did adapt the Italian cities demand in fully enfranchise them. After that there's the Sulla's Civil war between factions of Marius and Sulla. Both sides went out of their way to prescribe their enemy whilst their opponent's main force was out of Rome. Julius Caesar's family is nominally in Marius camp and a young Caesar (I think he was 15 at the time) was on Sulla's proscribe list. He was spared after his mother talk Sulla out of it.

[@Big-guy1981]

@@dyingearth Well Pompey didn't.

[@carlosnevarez4003]

Man.. The supply issue always hounded Caesar but he always found out a way to feed his troops.

[@KingsandGenerals]

It feels like "he had supply problems", because he actually talked about it, if you know what I mean.

[@thetreatment498]

@Niko Nunes They also answered 15 hours before.

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

@Niko Nunes Patreons and youtube sponsors

[@jasonblack2760]

@@KingsandGenerals exactly. I’ve noticed that all of the great generals often talked about their supply issues, morale and discipline from Caesar to Alexander to Napoleon. It’s almost as if all armies had it, but only those most concerned with it actually paid attention and therefore were the best of generals.

[@nicholasjones7774]

Its what happens when your soldiery understands the land and are the products of a developed society. Living on the land meant more than looting peasants and tribes exclusively (though it did include that).

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Pompey: deploys cavalry. Caesar: *Uno Reverse Card*

[@nickolsondepiolenc5843]

Hahahaha this is the best comment!

[@carlosnevarez4003]

Hah!

[@mu2960]

Caesar's wife "Did you remember to bring the cookies for the party?" Caesar "Shit. Babe you know I can't remember to bring food!"

[@Strrroke]

According to Caesar he brought 400 000 cookies. According to his wife - 25.

[@mu2960]

@@Strrroke Caesar only forgot 14 cookies this month while Pompey forgot nearly 40

[@gaiusjuliuscaesar2319]

He gently said “you are enemies” and i gently replied.....”HE WAS A CONSUL OF ROOOOOOMEE!”💙

[@augustuscaesar8287]

Hi Dad-Uncle.

[@gaiusjuliuscaesar2319]

@@augustuscaesar8287 Octavian?! By the gods I am so proud of you, you have done so well I’m glad I have chosen you as my heir. 💙💙💙

[@augustuscaesar8287]

@@gaiusjuliuscaesar2319 ROMA... AETERNA... VICTRIX...

[@gaiusjuliuscaesar2319]

@@augustuscaesar8287 AETERNA VICTRIX!

[@gaiusjuliuscaesar2319]

@@pedrolencastre932 *Dabs in Roman*

[@georgezachos7322]

The battle location is 40km from where I live. I pass by the location very often and I see, in my mind's eye, the armies at it.

[@Bullet-Tooth-Tony-]

That’s pretty cool, I live near the site of the battle of watling street

[@cerridianempire1653]

@@DimitarFCBM seeing the ghostly legions going at it would've been better

[@SteveSmith-ty8ko]

@@cerridianempire1653 Settle for Wolf noises

[@wawahamdan1159]

I always have this wish that if I got into the heaven (talking as a religious person), I'd ask God to give me this huge TV and replay back all of the ancient histories. I know it's very ridiculous but I'd like to enjoy the sheer possibility of wishing such ridiculous wish 😂

[@cerridianempire1653]

@@wawahamdan1159 same dude

[@randomhistory788]

Caesar: I only lost 100 men in this very tough decisive battle. Historians: LIES!!

[@maksik234]

They press X to doubt

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

I'd say Caesar lost 1000 to 1200 cavalry, considering his cavalry was outnumbered and was charged en masse. Meanwhile, he might have also lost 1500 to 2000 infantrymen, totalling around 3200 killed and around an additional 4000 wounded max. Meanwhile, Pompey might have lost 3000 to 5250 cavalrymen as well as around 8000 to 9500 infantrymen dead, along with 22000 captured by Caesar.

[@Aethelhald]

@@user-kt1lh5sz1i It's impossible to make guesses like that. War is weird as hell, with armies of inferior numbers and inferior troops often beating elite larger armies as though they were a rabble of noobs. Sometimes all it takes is for the men to see the battle has turned against them (enemy has outmaneouvred them) to cause panic and rout. Sometimes a false rumour (leader is dead, flank has broken, enemy reinforcements have arrived) can make an army that is on the cusp of winning an easy victory turn and run in total panic. We're never gonna know.

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

@@Aethelhald True

[@RamdomView]

Caesar didn't count his auxillaries in his pre-battle forces, so could the missing casualties be in the auxillaries?

[@Martijn_Steinpatz]

"The night before battle Pompeii had a dream. He saw himself entering his own great theater on the Campus Martius. He climbed the stairs which led to the temple of Venus, and there he dedicated his spoils of war from his many victories to the Goddess.* "Other men would have been overjoyed by such a vision. Pompeii however woke up bathing in sweat. He remembered that Caesar descended from Venus." - Tom Holland, Rubicon

[@tartaries926]

Such a dream might have paralize his mind nad his mind probably started giving up. Subconscious reactions of human mind. And then he lost... his psychology and mind state was probably a bit shaken before the battle

[@matthewmcguire224]

Is that Tom Holland from Spider-Man? If so, what the hell is this movie and where has it been all my life? If not, who is this multiverse-madness Tom Holland that you speak of?

[@emperornapoleon6204]

@@matthewmcguire224 he’s an author, and Rubicon is an excellent book!

[@emperornapoleon6204]

Just finished Rubicon two weeks ago! A spectacular read, and I’m very glad to be following it up with Kings and Generals!!!

[@arthasmenethil7208]

ah yes, finally the climactic battle between red and orange squares...

[@TeutonicEmperor1198]

I see you are a man of culture!

[@tada-kun982]

@@TeutonicEmperor1198 was about to comment that

[@toddchavez8274]

Don't forgetthe sword and knife sounds! That and the artwork are half the reason I love this channel

[@Historyandlegends789]

Brilliant comparison my friend

[@TiagoRFREX]

I see you are, in deed, a civilized man.

[@adamschaeffer4057]

9:37 The eagle flying to the right. A great sign for Caesar! Pompey should have retreated

[@GuyMaleMan]

"When Brutus surrendered Ceaser was overjoyed, welcoming him with open arms" How lovely, I'm sure the too will get on fine and definetly not end in a murder

[@kungfujiujitsufliptrick4832]

was wondering if someone was going to bring that up

[@lucius_cursor]

"Zama gave the world to Rome, Pharsalus gave it to Caesar"

[@lucius_cursor]

@@lastword8783 eh, Actium gave it to Octavian (Augustus)

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

@@lucius_cursor Actually, if Brutus did not kill Caesar, Augustus would never have risen. The reason he had risen was because Caesar adopted him

[@lucius_cursor]

@@user-kt1lh5sz1i sure but that didn't solidify becoming the first principate. Actium did. Also, we don't know who killed Caesar. But likely it wasn't Brutus'. I mean, we can also keep playing this game, if Sulla hadn't decided to spare Caesar, the Republic may have lasted a little longer. Or there wouldn't have even been a Pharsalus

[@fionalombard5664]

Don’t forget Cannae almost gave Hannibal Italy

[@lucius_cursor]

@@fionalombard5664 it more proved Rome's resilience. It also somewhat highlights an issue with Hannibal's overall strategy, which wasn't bad, but it hinged on Rome surrendering if enough allies came to him. However, not only did he underestimate how many allies would come to his aid after smashing Rome 3 years straight, but underestimated how Rome would see itself in peace talks. That is Rome would only be in peace talks from a level of superiority. Cannae showed Hannibal's brilliance, but was also his undoing. He couldn't have known that at the time, but that is the truth. And he was to teach Scipio Africanus without knowing, who would one day be superior to his teacher. Ilipa proved Scipio was ready for Hannibal. Locri gave us a glimpse at Scipio vs Hannibal as well.

[@RexGalilae]

22:45 It should be noted that both men were aware of their strengths and weaknesses in terms of quality and quantity and had developed their solid plans AROUND them. The reason Caesar won wasn't just because of his better infantry, he was at a disadvantage in many other departments and both knew this quite well. The reason Caesar won was because of his ingenuity. He performed the hidden flank maneuver and demonstrated a counter to Alexander's Hammer and Anvil. He outsmarted him fair and square. That was the edge that separated the two great generals.

[@TheR00k]

He also was acutely aware of how fond Pompey was of Alexander, so he read Pompey like an open book. Another point to his ingenuity.

[@RexGalilae]

@@TheR00k Yep. It really annoys me when people, especially reputed ones like the great men behind K&G try to downplay the intelligence of the generals they talk about, attributing most of their successes to luck. Whether we like to hear it or not, there will always be geniuses among us, a cut above the rest. Caesar was one of them.

[@FAVanguard]

The battle was Pompeii's to win or lose. The hammer and anvil works only when the opponent is fully engaged. Because Pompeii didnt march and fully engage Caesar it left his Calvary exposed because they were too far apart from their infantry.. they needed to retreat and flank the infantry engaging pompei instead they stupidly tried to flank infantry reserves who were ready for them. Hammer and anvil only works if you fully hit the enemy at the center, make them commit to reinforcing the center then the calvary makes a late move and flank them.

[@railworkskid9965]

@@FAVanguard it’s Pompey not Pompeii

[@user-ls9ec6pi1b]

Honestly, I see the reason for Pompey's loss because of the army. Yes, Caesar's maneuvers helped. It was one of the main reasons for Pompey's loss, but the biggest reason is the weakness of Pompey's army.

[@hariharanannamalai5721]

Man I've heard "Caesar was in a precarious position" so many times through many documentaries, I just imagine one of Caesar's officer telling Caesar "Sir we are in a precarious position" and he just says to his officers "Lesson begins class. Take notes"

[@EloiFL]

Pompey: "Don't do it Caesar, I have the high groud" 7:23 Caesar: "You underestimate my power"

[@Brother_Jonah_TOG.]

THERE IT IS 🤝 I was looking all over for this comment

[@samuelademeso9041]

No it the other way aroud

[@lordofthered1257]

Pompey's death is a tragic tale, and his life an inspiring one.

[@cultofthevoid5677]

I have a bust of Caesar but I still feel bad for Pompey.

[@tartaries926]

Pompey surely did not deserve such a bruttal end of his great life. As a young general he was cruel and called "young butcher " but with years and experiences, he changed tactics and also used diplomacy and common sence. In private life he was supposed to be a very generous person. He gave land to captured pirates to grow crop and though work for Rome, he spoke to them and they told him they became pirates because of powerty.he could have let them all crucified but he did not... Pompey is historically underestimated I guess, no movie about him particulary as far as I know. Always just an episode in Caesar´s movies. Caesar was a huge EGO guy, his Gaul´s wars were nothing just genocide to make himself great, useless as Gauls already sent taxes to Rome.

[@lordofthered1257]

@@tartaries926 I wouldn't call Ceasar's wars in Gaul genocide. I think people misuse that word far to often to make a point, but his wars were nothing but to advance his career and bring himself glory.

[@lycaonpictus9662]

@@lordofthered1257 There were certainly some examples of genocide during Caesar's campaign in Gaul. The annihilation of the population of Avaricum and the destruction of the Eburones certainly qualifies. It doesn't have to a mass killing carried out with the intent to entirely destroy a specific group, "in part" is also in of the definition. That all said it was a very different era and conquered civilians were rarely treated with restraint. We do have to keep in mind that Caesar was a product of his time and place. A lot of military history buffs however tend to romanticize the great conquerors and part of that is painting men like Caesar as being heroic or morally good, when he clearly was not.

[@akashpatro9393]

@@tartaries926 Before Gaul Caesar was less popular than Pompey. He was the most successful general since Scipio Africanus and was loved by the Roman people. So Pompey had nothing to prove and took it easy

[@MalayArcher]

The long awaited Caesar’s Civil War series is now back in action with cinematic approach! I hope it worth your wait and enjoyed our video. What battles do you think we will cover after Pharsalus? As always, here are the ROME II mods we used in this video: -ROME II HD collection by Celticus -Divide Et Impera -Golden Emblem by Mobayj -Lux Un Umbra reshade preset by Hazard. The mods can be found on steam workshop. Best wishes, ڤمنه ملايو

[@M3chUpN8y]

Mark Anthony’s Civil War and finally Octavian’s Civil War and after this series....the three Punic Wars

[@TheMrgoodmanners]

Need thapsus badly

[@alexandrejosedacostaneto381]

I imagine the next video will the Siege of Alexandria and the Battle of the Nile. Followed later by Zela and Ruspina, finally followed by Thapsus, and to finish Caesar's wars, Munda and Lauro.

[@hoaiyannguyen3608]

To conclude this series probably the battle of the Nile, Thapsus and Munda?

[@omarbradley6807]

Siege of Alexandria and the battle of the Nile?

[@yektaadguzel9294]

Lucius Vorenus: sir you had a great advantage. How did you lost ? Pompey: Don’t you watch latest video of k&g ?

[@BalazsSiam]

"We must win or die... Pompey's men have other options"

[@jackson857]

Exactly. Caesar's acts of clemency helped him win battles and wars on many fronts. Unfortunately it would also come back to bite him in the senate. I am reminded of this from Game of Thrones: Jon Snow : "I heard it was best to keep your enemies close." Stannis Baratheon : "Whoever said that didn't have many enemies."

[@kelvinho2475]

@@jackson857 Jon Snow: "Et tu Ollie..."

[@MarvinT0606]

@@jackson857 and look what happened to the people who betrayed Caesar

[@lycaonpictus9662]

@@jackson857 That is a bit of a myth, actually. While it is certainly true that men he pardoned were among his assassins - Brutus being the most prominent - around half of the assassins were also people that had been part of the Caesarian faction during the civil war, including a few men who had campaigned with Caesar as far back as Gaul. Both the first person to stab Caesar and the only one that struck a fatal blow (the post mortem examination showed that only one of the wounds would have been fatal) had been part of the Caesarian faction during the civil war. Caesar had been behaving like a monarch in all but name since winning the civil war, and was accumulating an ever greater number of powers and honors, and in doing so he alienated not just former enemies but friends as well.

[@ryanxwonbin7984]

HE WAS A CONSUL OF ROME

[@kylefisher5138]

shame .... shame on the house of Ptolemy

[@shaolindreams]

It had to be done.. LONG LIVE THE EMPIRE!

[@vasilistzinis8261]

Modern city of Pharsalus called Pharsala, is a 30 minute drive away from my home city Larissa, another ancient Greek city that is still around( 4th largest in the country!)

[@SMAXZO]

Also, almost spat my drink when I heard that Sulla's in Caesar's army..got a mental image of Caesar resurrecting Sulla to be in his army.

[@drtetanus2868]

same here man

[@ohnoa2]

that was his nephew whom sided with caesar while sullas son was on pompeys side

[@polyhistorphilomath]

Same. Caesar’s psychology was deeply influenced by the experience of Sulla’s war. It would be odd for him to command Sulla-it would be weird for everyone. Wasn’t Caesar’s father included in the proscriptions of the Sullan civil war? Maybe I misremember Plutarch.

[@johgekpunkt9516]

@@polyhistorphilomath caesar himself was proscribed but some friends helped him and his name was taken of the list

[@ZeroSOFInfinity]

"Among these was a young man, Marcus Junius Brutus..... which Ceaser welcomed with open arms". Oh boy, he had no idea what's to come....

[@maxanderson9293]

Ceasar faced many betrayals like that of Labianus and Brutus.

[@Loxias1989]

Brutus was, according to the rumor, Caesar's illegitimate son

[@vane909090]

Same would've happened without Brutus probably.

[@AndroqMinoq]

For whatever reason, Roman history is just so fascinating!

[@darthsidious6753]

In his history of the war, Caesar would praise his own men's discipline and experience, and remembered each of his centurions by name. He also questioned Pompey's decision not to charge.

[@praeposter]

Caesar’s troops pretty much looked forward to not having food, as it was when they would take the fight to the enemy.

[@fl3669]

There was a quote, I forgot from where, where a battle hardened legionare tells a recruit while being sieged not to worry, as Caesar thought the hardest when hungry.

[@petervoller3404]

Hey all, I'm the historian and scriptwriter for this episode! If you have any questions about the episode or the Civil War/Pompey/Caesar in general, pop them below and I'll do my best to getting round to answer them!

[@tada-kun982]

Why did Caesar build so many walls and why did it work? I wonder why there didn't seem to be attempts to stop Caesar from building walls everywhere

[@petervoller3404]

@@tada-kun982 To a certain extent, it was just standard Roman military convention. Rome's legions always had enough resources and talented engineers to construct quick, but effective, defences, like forts, walls, palisades etc. Caesar did embrace the idea more than others though. One of the defining thing about Caesar's style of generalship is how good he was at creating small advantages, whether that be seizing a small bit of high ground, or constructing a small wall. Walls, trenches and other defences allowed Caesar to somewhat change the battlefield to suit him. What might have originally been a flat plain can be made into a choke point with a few walls and trenches for instance. Most of the time, these walls would have been more like palisades, so not particularly sturdy, but even a basic palisade will force an attacking enemy to break formation, stop cavalry, and provide defence. There were a few battles where his enemies did try and stop him, but usually Caesar would have one Legion building the wall/defences, while the other Legions stood in formation in front of them to protect them. You can see this kinda thing happen at the battle of ilerda where Caesar assigns 1 line of his army to build a fort, and the other 2 to screen and defend them. It's also worth remembering that, so long as the defences weren't too complicated, the Legions could complete them very quickly (a basic fort could be constructed in a matter of hours), leaving the enemy very little time to reach and coordinate a proper attack. Hope that helps!

[@petervoller3404]

@Ching Chong I'm not quite sure I've understood your question, but I'll do my best, and if I don't answer you properly, lemme know and I'll give it another try! Once a formation breaks and men start running, it's almost impossible to get them to stop. Panic has set in too much, and any sense of order has completely broken down. For instance, if a formation is flanked and attacked on two sides, chances are those men are going to start routing. Once they start running, the men in the formation next to them will because they can see that they're also going to get flanked, and so on and so on; a trickle becomes a flood and the whole army is now routing. It's a chain reaction. The majority of casualties in ancient battles occur during the rout, comparatively few men die during the actual fighting itself. This is also where the majority of prisoners are taken. It may be the case that enough men are killed/captured in the rout that the army is effectively wiped out. That's a full on disaster, like a Cannae. Sometimes, enough men manage to escape the battlefield and can be reassembled later on and so the defeated army still 'survives' in that case. If that army has been led by a good general, they might have been able to organise a proper withdrawal, where the men retreat in good order and so, even though they lose the battle, they don't rout and so full on disaster is avoided (Gergovia is a good example of the battle being lost, but Caesar saving his army). I hope that's answered your question, but like I say, if it hasn't do let me know and I'll give it another punt!

[@sharifulislam3664]

@@tada-kun982 caesar learnt the arts of War by playing age of empire 2

[@tigerroar3749]

Had Caeser not been assassinated, do you think he could have conquered the entirety of Parthia, like he did to Gaul? Also, will you guys do a series on the Punic wars?

[@Foralltosee1623]

Caesar upon being presented Pompey's head: THIS MAN WAS A CONSUL OF ROME!

[@ronaldp7573]

Watching this while drinking wine from my K&G Caesar world tour mug. Immersion: maximum.

[@neutronalchemist3241]

Ok, Pompey was great, but how can someone compare with a guy that, AT 6:50, casually conquered METROPOLIS?

[@MarfSantangelo]

Caesar was Batman's contingency plan all along.

[@mrhumble2937]

Seems like Pompey was a better taction, Caeser a better field general. Pompey wins if he was allowed to just starve Caeser out but the senate stupidly wanted a battle.

[@GavinTheFifer]

Pompey: we outnumber you 3 to 1! Caesar: I like those odds

[@marcwillemsen6027]

I've waited for this for so long, I've watched the dyrrachium episode 9 times!

[@cerridianempire1653]

the times of Caesar were some of the most interesting parts of Rome's history

[@diapason89]

Caesar: "I only lost around 200 men in the battle." Narrator: *USO DE ARU*

[@moro5849]

After watching 2 hours of your videos I just promised my wife to watch a movie with her, but now you hit me with this... I guess my wife will complain but oh well, here we go!

[@TheMr77469]

Loved the sound effects of glass cracking, then shattering, and also the little icons showing the commanders, who is who.

[@Gabsboy123]

Caesar's line of "spearmen" (which functioned similarly to late medieval pikemen in stopping cavalry advances) was the key into winning Pharsalus. Both he and Pompey knew the consequences of leaving the infantry's flank exposed by the loss of the cavalry, but Caesar accepted the loss of his less numerous cavalry as a given and thus prepared for the perfect counter to Pompey's. With the tide of the battle turning to Caesar's favor, any numerical advantage on the part of Pompey was therefore nullified and Caesar's third line of infantry more or less served to terrorize Pompey's troops into routing. Furthermore, the better unit cohesion of Caesar's forces compensated for their numerical disadvantage being more disciplined and more experienced and not being hindered by language barriers.

[@777peacelove]

It's a very beautiful video. I think it's beautiful what you tell at the end, and how you tell it. How Caesar cried about Pompey's death. He didn't want Pompey to die at all, and certainly not in that way. Julius Caesar could be hard and fiery sometimes. But he was actually very sensitive. He was the bravest man I have ever seen!

[@jonbaxter2254]

He embodied what it was to be a Roman. Tough, brave, fierce, yet also kind to his men and loved by the people. An icon to be sure.

[@AngryCenturion576]

Pompey: "It's over Caesar! I have the high ground!" Caesar: "You underestimate my power!"

[@yugitrump435]

The story of Caesar and Pompey is one of those stories of blood, sweat and tears of not just the main characters but of the common man of the era. How hard would have it been to pick between either side? It hit a point where everyone had their futures in the balance in the palms of just two men. The Titans of their era and the makers of a new Age. The Age of the Empire.

[@gigachaddusmaximus7612]

Aw Pharsalus... Finally here we are, fellow Caesarians! Now we just need a little bit of time to end this Civil War, and by the gods, deal with Parthia... At least we hope so.

[@lennardlee4483]

I don't know man, Brutus seems abit suspicious after the battle, along with that man Cassius.

[@gigachaddusmaximus7612]

@@lennardlee4483 Indeed. But I don't think they could do something impressive, like... Idk, stabbing someone.

[@willpat3040]

I only wish this was true..... It's trendy to say that the romans always had a hard time with the Parthians but Trajan kicked Parthia's ass and after that many roman also defeated them. Roman armys burnt the Parthian Capitals several times throughout their history. What would have happened if Caesar lead his army into Parthia? Who knows, but if anyone at that time could have crushed them, it was Caesar. To bad we will never know for sure. 😢

[@Liquidsback]

@@willpat3040 I'm not sure but Caesar taking on Parthia on its own maybe only a little better than Marc Antony. But if Caesar played a little real politik and made an alliance with the Surena clan...since Orodes II had killed the victor of Carrhae.

[@anthonydavis9842]

Julius Caesar. One of the most interesting characters in history

[@muhammadawais6413]

I like how Ks&Js changed their Approch, adding more background and more conclusion to thier videos.

[@811chelseafc]

20:40 love how they use the characters from Rome for Ptolemy and Pompey’s wife and children.

[@rajatrana2020]

Yes :)

[@tartaries926]

Pompey had 5 wives and 3 childern from his third matrimony. His third wife Tercia Mutia gave him 2 sons and 1 daughter within 4 years. He married her when she was about 17 years old and already a widow. Pompey specialized in marrying a very young girls. He (according Plutarchos and others )was said to be quite a handsome guy and a big fan of party thrower . Their marriage took 17 years, then he divorce her for her adultery. One of her lovers when Pompey was in Middle East was Julius Caesar, a father of Pompeyś fourth wife Julia, whom Pompey married after that divorce. The last of his wives, who accompanied him after the batlle of Pharsalum to Egypt was Cornelia, also a very young woman and he had no kids with her. But she was waiting for him in Lesbos with his oldest son from Tercia.

[@johntatva713]

Next on Kings and Generals : THE SIEGE OF ALEXANDRIA.

[@infinitememegod]

This ain’t historia civilis

[@Bonservisjohnny]

@@infinitememegod ye but dem man said they’d continue this series so that’s that I guess lol

[@michaelaldrich159]

The quality of these videos is insanely good. Thank you!

[@sergemann5951]

Another of my favorite documented battles. Well done Kings and Generals. You are now my favorite KZbin channel.

[@storymaker299]

Send to Rome, tell them Caesar has won

[@fatherofhistory1644]

Caesar's history taught us even your friend also becomes an enemy

[@andrewjosephtimbresevillen224]

Correction "CAN"

[@DrewJersey2024]

Absolutely amazing, as always! I’ll never know how u guys are able to make such detailed, graphic content.

[@randomuser6175]

Amazing video man. I'm following this channel almost from the beginning and the increase of quality of your videos is unparalleled. Keep it up

[@parkersmith617]

I found your channel a couple weeks ago and haven't watched anything else since. I'm an ancient historian and I absolutely love your videos. The research you put in is abundantly clear with the incredible way you delve into the details in each video. I frequently catch myself grinning with enjoyment while I watch the fantastic way you portray historical events and stories. I just want to say thank you for putting your time, effort, and resources into making these videos. They are phenomenal and I look forward to watching this whole series.

[@furioussherman7265]

I've been awaiting the return of my favourite series on this channel, and suffice to say it didn't disappoint. The ending of this video sums up just why I love this period of Roman history so much because so much happens that plays into events so epic and so compelling that it's no wonder Shakespeare wrote entire plays about them: Brutus' survival, Pompey's flight to Egypt and betrayal by Ptolemy XIII, and how the next gift that Julius Caesar received while in Egypt was a rug containing a certain surprise inside. It all just makes for a great story and some of the most interesting history I know of.

[@DrewJersey2024]

I’ve been waiting for this update! Thanks so much guys!

[@davoringajic3572]

What a great way to spend day off in these stupid times - resisted the urge to watch as soon as mail have reached me! Several different videos in queue - now I shall reap the reward of my patience! For thee great videos I salute you K&G!👍

[@generalflaviusaetius1997]

To have good soldiers, a nation must always be at war. ~ Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte

[@tigerroar3749]

My favorite history channel uploading another episode of Caeser’s civil war...this made my day

[@Aufenthalt]

Yessss...the details on the battle orders are getting better in the last videos. Good job.

[@Kastor774]

I have watched a lot of videos on the Battle of Pharsalus, but this one made me tear up at the end.

[@Mrkabrat]

Nothing like a match of "Who Can Build The Biggest Wall" to resolve conflicts

[@AGS363]

18:30 Bonus Fact: Ahenobarbus and Anthony had offspring rising to the position of emperor. Unlike everyone else involved in this Battle (including Caesar).

[@user-kt1lh5sz1i]

Nero?

[@Kastor774]

@@user-kt1lh5sz1i Nero.

[@xerex21212]

Antony also had Caligula and Claudius as descendants.

[@raresmincan634]

well technically Caesar did adopt Octavian, which later became....you know.But natural children, no.

[@huseyincobanoglu531]

Great documentary, thank you Kings and Generals Team.

[@OGKenG]

I started watching these videos a few months ago (beginning with the oldest) and, so far, this was my favorite one.

[@mandinka_language_and_proverbs]

The Romans fought in every corner of world, The Romans be like, life without war is like tea without sugar.

[@cinnamon3578]

No wonder they lived for as long as they did. From a Latin state to a Greek one

[@firingallcylinders2949]

They have found Amphora in parts of South America. Archaeologists think they may have reached the Americas.

[@iliketurtles5180]

@@firingallcylinders2949 Uh what

[@budakbaongsiah]

@@iliketurtles5180 Uh what indeed

[@weirdofromhalo]

Sugar does not belong in tea, heathen.

[@8sins236]

I've been waiting for this 1.

[@nebsam7137]

Finally the battle of pharsalus has come I really am looking forward to how you will present this monumental battle much thanks K&G

[@akernis3193]

Loved the video, it was fascinating and really well illustrated.

[@edmaljones8978]

Years later; Caesar's wife: Julie, don't go to town, babe! Brutus has some pointed arguments! Caesar: Don't worry, mama. They ain't sharp enough.

[@gigachaddusmaximus7612]

When supplies drop, morale looks bad, the enemy has far superior numbers... That's when Caesar and his troops show their worth.

[@Monatio79]

Caesar: We must fight or die. Pompey's men have other choices.

[@gigachaddusmaximus7612]

@@Monatio79 HBO Rome. Great series

[@awato1]

I always enjoy your videos. I have recommended you on my FB page and tell about your channel to others. One of the best channels out in KZbin

[@rogersledz6793]

Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!

[@MarvinT0606]

The lesson here is that Alexander's tactics require personal risk. He should have led the cavalry in person to scare the shit out of Caesar's troops who counter-attacked.

[@Omega4Productions]

Yeah, and Alexander's cavalry were experienced and disciplined horsemen, as opposed to the lightly equipped and less experienced cavalry Pompey employed here.

[@koboldprime2257]

*_"HE WAS A CONSUL OF ROME!"_* - Shit about to go down, 48 BC

[@Kronosaur0s]

Just watched this on HBO Rome, im so lucky you uploaded a video about this

[@houmammclo4333]

I was waiting for this, thanks guys great content

[@gspar2083]

Titus Labienus, once Caesar's general, undoubtedly a capable Roman commander! Compared to his accomplishments in Gaul, his ineptitude in this battle is strange. I prefer to think that he did not want to fight his war friends.

[@lycaonpictus9662]

I don't think the results would have been different under any other commander. The results of the battle were not really because the cavalry was ill-led, but because Pompey fought a pitched battle that he shouldn't have and because Caesar had come up with a solid counter for Pompey's plan. The cavalry broke because they were inexperienced and had come up against an unexpected ambush by spearmen, which would have had happened no matter who led the cavalry wing. Pompey had the more numerous army but in terms of quality it was much weaker. He should have stuck with the Fabian strategy. If he had we might be posting about Caesar's tragic downfall, rather than Pompey's. Caesar was on the ropes after Dyrrhachium.

[@WaterShowsProd]

"Brutus! You noble so-and-so. Glad to see you're alright. Go back to Rome and tell your mother I'll be there soon. I just have to go to Egypt to uhm... do something..."

[@shootgunMarvel]

- WOW NEW VÍDEO!! 😍 I Love this uploads on Sundays 😍 - Thank you very much 😊

[@KHK001]

As always Great video KnG!

[@brennan7032]

Truly one of history’s most decisive battles

[@giacomosimonin212]

I've fallen in love with this Battle since i had to study the "De Bello Civili" aka Pharsalia by latin author Lucan (nephew of Seneca the Younger). To anybody who likes epic poems i totally recommend the book!

[@mutolover3851]

Omg, what a crazy episode! You guys do such a good job, and this was no exception. I did not know how Pompey died, I was on the edge of my seat the whole episode and didn't see that coming 😳. K&G's Caesar's Civil War is now with History Marche's Hannibal episodes as my favourite series of this type.

[@davidwoods7408]

Great series! Thoroughly enjoyed.

[@cristianpurcaru]

I can only imagine the grief that Caesar felt when he saw Pompey's head. 😔

[@22vx]

Excellence! Thanx K&G!

[@riteshyeddu9186]

how did you do that?!

[@erik8449]

And as always, Kings and Generals channel is the best history channel out there!

[@Tiger1AuasfE]

Very nice, thank you for the upload.

[@cerridianempire1653]

friends: so what is your favorite anime me: it's complicated

[@M3chUpN8y]

YES! Caesar’s final victory against Pompey!

[@JNDFILM87]

YES!! I’ve been waiting for this one!

[@ross9570]

Yes! Been waiting for this for ages!

[@manthanmoudgalya5271]

When Caesar broke down after seeing Pompey head , if I broke down at that point 😭

[@maxanderson9293]

After all they were friends and Ceasar honoured the courage, bravery that Pomei showed.

[@grapeape9098]

I actually started to tear up. I had to remind myself it was 2000 years ago.

[@maxanderson9293]

@@grapeape9098 me too, friends who had one supported each other but were finally separated by the circumstances and after seeing his friends ring, it was natural to break down.

[@lewistaylor2858]

@@maxanderson9293 and he was a Roman- butchered by some Hellenistic Egyptians. Caesar wouldn't have looked on this kindly

[@maxanderson9293]

@@lewistaylor2858 true that

[@beagleplease8693]

Are we sure Ahenobarbus wasn't Caesars inside man. I mean come on, in Italy he delivers Caesar 3 shiny new legions. Then at masilia he donates a bunch of ships over to Brutus, then he just happens to be on the only ship that slips away. Wherever this guy goes a victory for Caesar follows. If I was Pompey I'd have sent this guy on an errand to the far side of nowhere, not given him command of a large part of my army haha.

[@joeshmoe8345]

Thanks so much for doin this all the time

[@ceridangitp]

Great video as always gents, keep up the good work.

[@hfar_in_the_sky]

To think, Pompey may have won if he'd just stuck to the Fabian Tactics that were winning him the campaign thus far. But in a twist of irony, his more hot headed allies pressured him into a direct engagement (much like Fabius himself had) and ultimately Pompey lost despite having the numerical advantage much like Varro did at Cannae. Always remember kids: be a Fabius, not a Varro.

[@maxanderson9293]

Fabian Strategy wouldnt have been effect in that situation since Ceasar had already sent troops through the issthemus of Corinth and would have been able to retreat to safety unlike Hannibal who was essentially trapped in Italy.

[@hfar_in_the_sky]

@@maxanderson9293 Some troops, but not the bulk of his main army. And I doubt he could ever "retreat safely" with Pompey shadowing him the entire time. He might be able to make a gamble to get the bulk of his army safely across without Pompey being able to act, but that would have been a big gamble with how canny and insightful Pompey was.

[@marindraganov5897]

7:08 Pompey made to take a pitched battle that he could easily avoided. Even a great commander when having to yield to high ranking civilians can lose everything. Battle of Pharsalus 48 BC is a great proof for that. Another notorious example is the battle of Zama where Hannibal lost decisively to Scipio. The foremost reason for his loss was him being arm twisted by the Carthaginian Senate to take the battle in an unsuitable flat ground.

[@Omega4Productions]

The lesson here is to never let politicians dictate how you fight a war. You'll get Pharsalus and Zama.

[@ScipioAfricanus_Chris]

Yes, that and the fact that it was the first time Hannibal did not enjoy the advantage of superior calvary.

[@ilyassnajem8712]

Quality contenant like always. Cheers mate.

[@FazlurTheGreat]

oh my god I've been waiting for this series for a long time to finally release too