Can Master Chief Survive Falling from Space?

In Halo 3, Master Chief seemingly survives falling from space with only a makeshift heat shield, but is that really possible? Kyle asks Kyletana on this week's Because Science!
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Because Science every Thursday.
Learn more:
• FALL SURVIVORS: bit.ly/2NYz6tp
• “THE CHIEF’S DOWNFALL”: bit.ly/2NoqnBs
• FREE FALL WITH AIR RESISTANCE CALCULATOR: bit.ly/2QK0EBa
• MASTER CHIEF MASS: bit.ly/2NTzfyq

[@becausescience]

Thanks for watching! This one was a lot of fun. Also, go back and watch the original "Starry Night" trailer for Halo 3. Best game teaser ever. Change my mind. See you in Footnotes! -- KH

[@Punkdog]

Is it possible to 'jump' from the mentioned shield as you are falling? Would this add any meaningful survivability chance?

[@mrkojak-ci1zm]

Hope to see a halo hard light tech episode. Bridge, sword, etc

[@superskullmaster]

Because Science isn’t the air actually incandescent due to heating, like a nuclear blast in the very very very early stages of the blast? Also can you do a video about the lack of accuracy of the Terminator 2 nuclear blast scene.

[@voodoodolll]

I still get goosebumps watching that. Not that it means much, but in my eyes, your level of cool has elevated to unparalleled extremes. Huge respect not just to you, but to the team over at Because Science

[@seal8779]

Is the gravity different from earth though

[@crossofintimidation]

For a brick, he flew pretty good.

[@5nick3rd00dle]

And I don't do bits and pieces.

[@johnusas2870]

Where is she Chief, where's Cortana?

[@thebachiever234]

She stayed beind

[@thebachiever234]

Were it so easy?

[@trenchcoatsamurai6757]

Ah, I see you are all men of culture as well.

[@rjoe3309]

"Did it hurt when you fell from heaven?" "Well, I hit a tree."

[@Meph648]

"After falling for 7000 kilometers" he woke up and yelled "I HAVE BEEN FALLING FOR *THIRTY MINUTES*!"

[@clearsky9109]

John Doe and I won’t be back for TEN MINUTES

[@bruviamtrust-frated411]

@John Doe:) Hahahah!!!! Loki's the best ⬇ this is how many marvel fans are present here

[@jurrehuizinga7136]

@@bruviamtrust-frated411 I've been falling for thirty minutes.

[@quantum965]

GOTEEM

[@stigrabbid589]

I heard that in the voice of Caboose from Red vs Blue when i read itn

[@metanumia]

In Mother Russia pilot saves parachute from fall.

[@zaxtonhong3958]

Anodyne Melody In mother Russia, fall saves pilot from parachute

[@stormlegacy4223]

In Mother Russia, fall saves parachute from pilot

[@imdone8243]

In eilswere khajit falls on four

[@ur-didact1991]

So you are saying master chief is a Russian?

[@randomcontent789]

@@ur-didact1991 He might be a descendant in some way, but hey, bricks can fly in 2552

[@Zeldakostv]

Everyone always forgets that he has Armor Lock, completely locking his joints from being snapped or anything. It'd be like dropping a brick from 10 stories and it not shattering when it hits the ground

[@wumbosaurus9121]

"For a brick, he flew pretty good!"

[@Zeldakostv]

pls

[@Zeldakostv]

how so, everything is the same, just the fact that he's now literally "unbreakable" they come up to him in the cut-scene and release his armor lock

[@Imadjinn1]

McKaos g forces work on a body uniformally through that body. Even if his bones weren’t turned to powder, his insides would be made into jelly by the stoppage.

[@Zeldakostv]

oh ok thanks for explaining

[@5lammer]

"They let me pick, did I ever tell you that? Choose whichever Spartan I wanted. You know me. I did my research, watched as you became the soldier we needed you to be. Like the others, you were strong and swift and brave. A natural leader. But you had something they didn't. Something no one saw... but me. Can you guess? Luck. Was I wrong?" - Cortana

[@chiefsenpai969]

Heck no, Cortana. Chief really is the luckiest person ever.

[@axeldornelles5292]

Hell yeah, she was right...

[@moonandstars1677]

I was trying really hard to remember this quote. Thank you. U.U

[@3ountyhunter]

That moment when you get super meta and mention plot convenience as a characters trait.

[@tiagotiagot]

3ountyhunter ftw Experiments have shown that if you believe yourself to be lucky (naturally, or because a lucky charm or something of the sort), you actually increase the odds of you being lucky

[@GuyPrice]

Can survive a fall from space, yet dies when falls into 3ft of water........ because science!

[@tobidigiovanni78]

Could you swim with a 300kg weight?

[@burdsturds]

Tobi Di Giovanni 3ft still isn’t a lot

[@tobidigiovanni78]

@@burdsturds enough to drown im

[@tobidigiovanni78]

*in

[@marcusalm7350]

Can also survive in water. Or at least the fluid coolant leaking from a covenant ship infested with flood in Halo1...

[@asadstrangelittleman9655]

An episode about Halo, sponsored by Tomb Raider. *eXuSE mE wHAt tHE f**K*

[@RATGODORIGINAL]

Considering there is like a new Halo game coming

[@TheArtofKAS]

With a destiny ad before the video

[@Orktosqt]

was same with episode about Quiet Place. i think it's funny.

[@themidnightbanshee5927]

Well that's amazing Kyle but don't try this at home because science

[@rodigoduterte9192]

Because it easy to be an tomb raider than a master chief in space

[@DemonicBolt66]

Hey there Kyle! Some additives for you: Master Chief has a Kinetic Energy Shield that absorbs kinetic and energy impacts, meaning he has additional surviving power there. He was riding a chunk of heat shielding down, as you stated, which according to sources from the Halo 3 team, he rode down until initial impact, which sent him bouncing into the trees when he hit a hill-top, so his velocity would have been reduced by small impacts from branches AND one bounce off a hill-top. Finally, he hit mud, which adds a little softness to the impact. Lucky seriously evolved

[@myles4941]

Also one of the most notable things about MC and one of the important reasons Cortana chose him over other spartans, was his luck. In Cortana's own words, "You know they let me choose any spartan I wanted, I chose you cause you had something the others didn't, Luck".

[@majesticcosmictrainer5659]

Myles unfortunately she preferred noble 6.

[@mettatheone1705]

@@Some-iq3fv Weeb Alert, Weeb Alert, Weeb Alert

[@danieldunne1272]

agree

[@cadaver4985]

​@@majesticcosmictrainer5659 And after he died, Cortana chose someone with similar strengh, performance and heart, but with more luck: Chief

[@mattthetrucker5585]

I’ve seen a few comments saying that chief didn’t fall for long enough to reach terminal velocity. So I have a simple correction correction; he started his fall GOING FASTER THAN HIS OWN TERMINAL VELOCITY. He would have actually slowed down while falling.

[@Omen_Seven]

You have a point there. Chief may have jumped out of the ship at 2 km, but that's not when his acceleration started. He was already on a ship that had entered the atmosphere and was already going significantly faster than terminal velocity. So like you said, he actually would have been decelerating during the fall, but almost certainly would still have hit the ground far harder.

[@nubreed13]

Terminal velocity is your maximum fall speed. 2 kilometers is plenty far enough to reach terminal velocity for a human.

[@mattthetrucker5585]

@@nubreed13 I made that comment 4 years ago, and it’s still true. Let me explain another way. A Squirrel’s terminal velocity will not kill it. However, if I put said squirrel into a slingshot, pointed it downward, pulled it back sufficiently, and then released, that squirrel will die. It will die because the slingshot accelerated it beyond its own terminal velocity. Terminal Velocity isn’t your “max speed”, but the point at which your acceleration due to gravity is balanced with the pressure of whatever medium through which you are passing. Usually air. So if you start your acceleration in space, and you move faster than your terminal velocity, then while approaching earth you will slow down as the air slows you. But if you’re just falling, you will accelerate at 9.8m/s/s until the force pulling you (gravity) is equal to the force pushing you (air resistance).

[@Suvraj-ls1kl]

so if you fall off the map you die, but if you fall from space you live... HUH

[@barrygeistwhite3474]

Lesson: Don't fuck with The Guardians

[@revanveran5325]

Lmao, perfect

[@shawtyk1764]

Video game logic Bro 😥

[@John2r1]

Game mechanics for you. Chief actually saved his friend when he was a kid before he was kidnapped. He saved her from drowning in a local lake on his home world. He promised to marry her and keep her safe but that was before he was kidnapped and the clone replacement died. She said that she would hold him to that promise even though he was "dead" .. Well that's what everyone believed. If she ever finds out that he's alive and that she met him during the battle of earth he's probably going to get the shit slapped out of him first for not telling her who he was. Then you can figure out what happens next. So Chief can actually swim and the suit is supposed to be sealed anyways . So game mechanics =/= cannon.

[@blobfish_plays6548]

@@John2r1 well that explains a lot

[@ShiftyMalcontent]

Hey Kyle, don't know if you'll see this or not, but I just wanted to say thank you. I found Because Science about a month ago and I've been watching since. I've always loved science, but you and your team really reignited that love. I feel the same way watching your stuff that I did when I was a kid watching Bill Nye. Thank you and your whole team so much for the content you guys create, because it's not only affected me personally quite a lot, but I just know you're getting young kids who really need it involved and excited about science as well. In 20 years, we're really gonna be hearing from all kinds of scientists about how they first found their love for science because of this show. You guys rock!

[@becausescience]

Thank you so much! This is incredibly kind, and the best praise I can get. Thank you for sharing this with me and for your support. It means a lot to me, really. -- KH

[@superskullmaster]

Because Science can you check out my comment in your post?

[@becausescience]

Kassiani Austin Yes! -- KH

[@lazerwingsynergy]

@@becausescience honestly, I was going to say the same thing. But after reading his comment, he said enough for me. I love your videos and I'm so happy you made your own channel. Keep on doing what you do! You're amazing.

[@ree572]

Welcome to the club! 😁

[@icyknightmare4592]

Another thing to consider is that the augmentations for the Spartan IIs was more than just genetic, it included invasive physical enhancements as well. In the Fall of Reach, they are discussed in detail, but at the end, a Spartan II is undoubtedly the toughest of the series. Later classes of Spartans (IIIs and IVs) were spared this, since the survival rate for the augmentations was horrific. As a result, the Spartan IIIs and IVs would probably die in extreme situations that a II may be able to survive. Of all the Spartans, IIIs definitely had it the worst. Their lower quality, (chemical and genetic only) augmentations, with inferior gear, made most of them barely qualify as a Spartan when compared to an original II. Noble team was an exception in that they were given MK V armor, but they were still less effective than Blue team would have been under the same conditions. halo.wikia.com/wiki/SPARTAN-II_augmentation_procedures

[@MayHeavenBurn]

Icy Knightmare came hear to say this ! The spartan lls are absolute beasts compared to llls since they were mass produced, and the last cutscene of halo 4 shows master chief is massive compared with the 4s (having no bone augmentation/growth gene tampering.

[@1995TheDude]

@@MayHeavenBurn Well actually.. ;) Spartan 4's do get ceramic bone implants. You can read in the novel 'New Blood', where Buck (from ODST and Halo 5) is describing his augmentation process to a spartan 4. But I agree, IIs are the best.

[@jacobm8242]

Actually lore wise, while the Spartan III’s augmentations were considered safer, this was actually due to advancements in the process. Their chemical augmentations actually go tit for tat with the original Spartan II’s surgical. The last company of III’s actually arguably had more potent augmentations then any previous class, but were left mentally unstable without a regular dose of medicine as a result.

[@joshuavance1472]

Spartan 3's are equivalent to, or sometimes better than 2's. The only thing that made them die en masse compared to Spartan II's was them being given inferior armor, and sent on unsurvivable suicide missions to hold off the Covenant

[@stigrabbid589]

@@joshuavance1472 Noble 6 from Halo Reach is a perfect example of a Spartan III, being one of only 2 Spartans considered hyperlethal along with Master Chief.

[@toboe156]

Master Chief: “Dont worry, the ground broke my fall.”

[@Quasai-ov6yk]

I'll break the ground with my fall

[@ruyman90]

Hello there. I think you miss a detail in your numbers. Master Chief has an energy shield that absorbs kinetic energy from bullets so it must take also energy from a full body slam into the ground. In game it takes around 4 rounds at gun point of the battle rifle that has a 9.5x40mm .375 caliber rounds to deplete completely a shield. So taking the mass of a similar caliber bullet and taking on account that this are futuristic rifles that likely fire like our best rifles we can do the math: 4 rounds x 3 bullets = 12 bullets .75m to end of the barrel muzzle speed = 1000 m/s for high end rifles bullet weight = 5g F = KE/d KE = (1/2)(mv^2) F = [(1/2)(0.005kg)(1000m/s)^2]/0.75m F = 3333 N 3333 N x 12bullets = 40000 N = 40 KN So a energy shield in the best case scenario can absorb 40KN Actually I found bullets from the size with weight over 15g so there could be an even greater number. (I'm probably on some watchlist right know)

[@Franky_Sthein]

I may not be Kyle but I thing you deserve to be called a Super Nerd. Grettings from germany ^^

[@cafevampire5484]

super nerd right here. Sick math

[@jhowe67]

Samantha Connor It does help, remember, if you fall off a cliff in game, your shields go down. your shields are actually absorbing kinetic energy. the suit also locks up to have a rigid structure to spread the force across the entire surface. even just the both of these, you would have a lot of force absorbed and dispersed on top of what the gel layer already absorbed. it is possible that the suit itself would be able to completely absorb/disperse upwards of 60KN. If we assume the suit can absorb 60Kn of force, that would change Spartan 117's impact force to 386kN, if we assume all the other variables are the same. if we slow his impact stopping time to 100 Milliseconds, still very fast, his impact force drops to 247kN. Almost half. hell even just using the absorption of the shields, that's still 267kN over 100 milliseconds. Btw, it takes 300 Milliseconds to blink. so 1/3 that time isn't insane to think about.

[@haydenmoore5143]

Yes, numbers agree yep smart

[@alfonsonajera2439]

ruyman90 exactly what I said! 😃

[@jaspr1999]

One of the things, you briefly mentioned, is the gel layer. Currently, there is a countermovement gel being tested for use in trauma cases... To keep excess movement and shock to a minimum.

[@marcelsevigny4957]

Imagine a suit made of vibranium like Black Panther! It would be so fantastic! Or simply a suit made of D30?

[@jackielinde7568]

Marcel Sévigny - Eh, I don't think Vibranium armor would help you survive a fall. While it does cancel out or dampen vibrations, it's not vibrations that kill you. When you and your armor hits the ground, it would be the armor itself stopping you from moving further that would cause the injuries. Even if it managed to safely stop your body, there are parts of you that move more or less independently from the rest of the body. Depended on how you landed, blood would be pushed towards the side that impacted, potentially causing your brain to be temporarily deprived of oxygen and causing a blackout. Your brain sloshes around your skull in a bath of cranial fluids. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), otherwise known as concussions, happens when your skull rapidly changed directions, causing your brain to bounce off the skull. Vibranium dampening ability would not prevent a concussion from happening, since there is no vibranium between your skull and your brain. (Current football helmets try to minimise concussions by extending the time your skull and brain have to slow down from the padding inside the helmet being squishy.)

[@marcelsevigny4957]

Totally agree with you, you're right! So if I understand well, the key here is to increase the length of deacceleration, right? But doesn't the vibration have an effect after all? The real way to use vibranium would be in a "gel form", absorbing vibration, and absorbing the kinetic energy progressively (this is exactly what gel is doing, by preventing the shock to happen too quick). What do you think?

[@jaspr1999]

Marcel Sévigny, - If the vibranium is structured in a lattice filled with gel the kinetic energy would be absorbed into potential energy and expended in the opposite direction of the concussive force of the impact, hopefully, negating some of it, but that is tech that is so far beyond us, it isn't funny.

[@marcelsevigny4957]

Of course, this is only speculation, but take a look on the D30, I was first very impressed by the vibration cancelling capacities. And don't forget, that presently, MC is surviving (with luck) to his fall, so what we're talking might just help him more to survive.

[@jaredkirk1555]

According to the radar on the HUD around 5:14- whomever is behind the camera sees Kyle as an enemy..... LOOK OUT KYLE! That is, unless the HUD is Kyle's, cause in that case, LOOK OUT CAMERA DUDE!

[@stormer455]

gets sponsored by tomb raider game. talks about Halo

[@rosssidebottom9352]

Smart move, how many gamers love Halo, how many people are going to definitely watch it... How much money can Kyle definitely rinse from the Ad

[@pinacoladatv808]

s stormer454 Microsoft

[@Red1676]

@@Some-iq3fv fuck dragon ball z. Stupid weeb.

[@mikkalhalminen4094]

7000km, dang that's a long time unconcious

[@fattlebieldproductions3198]

You didn’t read the on screen note did you

[@Danny-xs6oo]

I feel like there was a big missed opportunity for a, "Surprise energy sword!!"

[@wumbosaurus9121]

UUUGGGHH! D': Emile NOOO!

[@Caghoule]

The real question is how did Kyle survive a sticky grenade with only a downed shield? he must have tweaked the custom game settings to allow multiple layers of over-shield or changed the damage modifiers.

[@chiefsenpai969]

I'll say he tweaked the damage

[@becausescience]

Nerd. Also yes -- KH

[@IainsTheName]

I’d say he had the difficulty set to ‘Easy’ (pretty sure you can survive a sticky on easy)

[@WaveOfDestiny]

The skull that gets you more shields but rechages them only after you meele an enemy.

[@joshuahadams]

Picked up an Overshield, eh?

[@just4kickz93]

Further adding to this, I actually have some insight. In the book "Fall of Reach" written by Eric Nylund, he explains not only the fall of reach but also what the Spartan II program entailed. First off, the entire reason they're named "Spartans" is because they are basically kidnapped and replaced with clones at around 6 or 7, using genetic markers and observations made by Dr. Halsey. They're then trained, RIGOROUSLY, until they're 14, wherein they undergo surgeries that increase bone and muscle density, eye sight, epidermal elasticity, muscle and bone mass, and... a few things in their brain before they are trained some more. Even before we talk about the MJOLNIR armor, the Spartans themselves would have greater chances of falling from that height than a normal human, anyway. Now, we add the armor. First of all, the armor is near bulletproof. It uses a (obviously non-existent) version of ceramic that deflects bullets, the weave underneath is another composite material that's pretty much cut and tear proof, and the internal systems themselves allow the soldier inside to alter the atmospheric conditions within the suit itself. They could survive underwater for significant periods of time, and the suit could even sustain them in the vacuum and cosmic radiation of space for short periods of time. That gel layer inside the suit acted as an air conditioning system, as well as a shock absorber, which the suit used as back ups for situations exactly like this. In that same book I mentioned earlier, we see the first meeting with the covenant. They destroy the first ship by having 3 Spartans FIRED OUT OF THE SHIPS WEAPON SYSTEM ONTO THE COVENANT SHIP'S HULL. Then we have to talk about the chief, in the armor, being sucked out of an airlock with a multiton bomb the covenant had placed on board. Can the master chief survive a fall from space? Yes.

[@rollie5886]

don't forget about the metal graphed to their bones that make them virtually unbreakable.

[@banjobill8420]

Hold on, I thought it was titanium-alloy armor?

[@pineapplekun8769]

You forgot one thing. when the remaining, i think it was 28 spartans, were ordered to protect the generators powering the orbital mac stations protecting reach. they fell from space at a speed above mark 2 and just a little more than half of them survived and about a dozen could still fight with the injuries they had, so yes spartans can survive a fall from space.

[@tinyllamas5290]

oh and may i ad on to yours, the Spartans have a lock feature, that encapsulates their body in a gel/foam when their vitals almost deplete, unless they are shot in the head.

[@shrapnollr]

Super nerd, I’m calling it

[@thespiderarmy1852]

Can I ask why Thor’s hammer has ammo

[@josiah2651]

I think It was supposed to be a gravity hammer

[@brokenlordofcinder4128]

It’s a reference to his subscribers community that made a meme stating that he looks like Thor

[@heesoonyang2521]

And Thor’s hammer and master chief’s armor are both called MJOLNIR

[@cheesychipmunk8382]

None of this answers why the hammer has ammo

[@brokenlordofcinder4128]

Same logic as the gravity hammer: we have no clue

[@Boospartan]

I think the energy shield and the hydrostatic gel layer would help soften the impact.

[@tristanbackup2536]

On top the dreadnought door he was using & maybe his jetpack as well. Pretty sure in lore Spartans barely survive re-entry anyway using previous model armours.

[@livingglowstick1337]

@@tristanbackup2536 actually spartans survive it a lot atleast spartan 2s spartan 3s need better armour and a re entry pack like noble six which all pelicans carry spartans would have a higher chance of survival because of there better augmented bodies than the spartan 3s

[@jacobm8242]

@@livingglowstick1337 actually Spartan II and III’s augmentations are pretty much equivalent. The III’s were only inferior in armor, and perhaps general education. They focused much more on combating the covenant and augmenting them as much as possible compared to the II’s, who were much more generalist in their skills

[@livingglowstick1337]

@@jacobm8242 completely wrong spartan 3s had hardly any surgery's and weaker injections and where called lesser than spartan 2s there where only a few that where given the titles cat 2 meaning they where the best of the best spartan 3s that only barley resembled the spartan 2s and not even the god ones really spartan 4s are better than spartan 3s most of the spartan 3s in reach where cat 2 and Jorge was a spartan 2 funny that they could only spare a spartan 2 if spartan 3s where as good

[@livingglowstick1337]

@@jacobm8242 also spartan 2s had there genetics altered spartan 3s didn't

[@peterwamea]

nice self correction kyle about the "7 km" thing you got it this time

[@becausescience]

Sometimes you don't have time to go back and film something over. It's a business over here, lots of moving parts and other considerations, otherwise I would -- KH

[@tgaw9659]

@@becausescience MC's suit is 1000 pounds not 700

[@aidangopaul9333]

Hey~! A, presumably and hopefully, small edit, like this, is more than sufficient! Preciate everything you do for us big dog.

[@telectronix1368]

@@becausescience **mutters** Cortana would have spotted it.

[@SeantheBawse]

Sooooooo, Master Chief is a badass...kinda already knew that..., but now it's been proven with SCIENCE!!

[@nobleman9393]

Science motherfuckers!

[@marcelsevigny4957]

Badass and lucky !

[@pickchickens5286]

"you shouldnt survive it" HOW ABOUT I DO IT ANYWAAAAAAAAAAAAYS

[@LennoxParsec]

He also had that giant light-yet-strong Forerunner metal plate which i'm pretty sure helped him a lot with the air drag.

[@bobmathews5314]

I actually had a great uncle that survived a malfunctioning parachute jumping behind enemy lines at D-Day. And you're absolutely right, trees and the snow definitely saved him. Granted snow saved him from a lot of thing while he was over there (mines with wet/bad powder and morter shells too.) Love the channel! I hope Senpai will notice me lol!

[@becausescience]

Wow! Consider yourself noticed -- KH

[@iisgray]

Snow saved your grandpa in June in France?

[@bobmathews5314]

Great Uncle, and yeah, that's the story.

[@EvieAnne1812]

Kyle was recording with the Catch skull on, i see

[@yourdead408]

Chief lands on a massive angle, dunno how, but in the game you see his crater, and it's an oval-like shape, meaning his stopping time would be significantly increased. The speed he's going might not make this a problem, but I believe that his stopping time is much higher than you've said.

[@orionwilder7786]

Plus the SUV sized chunk of Forerunner metal

[@tiagotiagot]

Isn't there a formula to calculate the characteristics of the impact based on the depth and eccentricity of a crater?

[@christopherproulx2683]

You would also need to know soil density.

[@Caedus696]

Maybe he bounced off a tree and hit the ground at a odd angle.

[@marcelsevigny4957]

Personally, I don't know such equation, but a great way to solve this problem would be by analyzing a grid of different models comparing all the "impact's shape" and then, looking at the initial parameters to a giving model. This is how we worked in astronomy for studying the ​kinematics of nebular regions.

[@DeadCannon]

You know in Halo Reach Noble 6 did fall from space on to a planet in a older version of the armor Master Chief wears in Halo 3

[@luketube7207]

Yeah but noble 6 used a re-entry pack to survive that fall but master chief didn't have the same pack. From John's descent from space, John 117 hit a tree which probably saved him from dying if the impact cells in his armour didn't absorb the impact from falling to earth

[@luketube7207]

Gells not cells sorry

[@loganh2692]

Adding onto this Jerome092 jumped from the enduring conviction(in older armor) which was actually in space and survived to help in the next mission.

[@Halosty45]

The takeaway from this episode: since humans have survived falls at terminal velocity, anyone super-human has a pretty decent chance as long as they have any conditions in their favor (depending on how super-human they are)

[@becausescience]

A pretty good summary -- KH

[@mwperk02]

If you wanna Survive a fall from Terminal Velocity just become Goku or something.

[@jackielinde7568]

Matthew Perkins - No, the right suit and parachute helps. That's what two people who, in 2012 and 2014, dived from around the edge of our atmosphere had, and they survived the experience. And this was much, much higher than Master Chief's 2,000 m. Halosty is correct. ;)

[@ChrisRand-gf7lz]

Master Chief being a Master Bad-Ass as always. And knowing how tough and enhanced he is, the next question(s) to answer: Just how strong would Master Chief be to effortlessly flip over a Scorpion Tank as we do in the games. And how much force would he need to exert to be able to flip and toss a warthog a few feet off the ground as he does when you flip one back on to its wheels.

[@rileyeasterling2255]

And what about in custom games where you can flip the mammoth

[@wumbosaurus9121]

And in the Shutdown mission of Halo 4, he flips the god damn Pelican

[@thedragosaur7288]

All I can say is, pretty fucking strong.

[@thebananamonk]

So did that guy just guess what happens when you drop things down a shaft, or did he actually throw creatures down for shits and giggles

[@akizeta]

He was a Pre-War British scientist; what do you think?

[@thebaron4356]

Pre-War British scientists are like post-war and pre-war Austrian scientists, dead cats, rats and bats.

[@godcyric]

Mouse: fine Rat: Not so fine Steve:Crushed Horse:Flattened Good workday everyone, lets head back to camp!

[@TopRacer2002]

There is something I found from my research of the Master Chief's armour. He doesn't change his armour from Halo 2 and he has a MJOLNIR Mark VI instead of a Mark IV. The Mark VI has thrusters which he could have used to further slow himself down. Judging by the footage on KZbin, the thrusters can help jump a Spartan sized obstacle in about 0.167 seconds So if that is the case, it would give him a possible thrust speed of 12m/s or 43.2km/h. If he has 30s to impact (if 66m/s =1s 2000=29.9s), that would give him a possible burn time of 15s (5 to react and plan, 10 to position himself for impact and 15 to burn the hell out of his thrusters). I don't know how to calculate his final speed but I believe the amount of energy discharged by the thrusters and the impact would probably be the reason why it took him a while to come back. That is my hypothesis.

[@shadesofgray9]

Interesting...i hope Kyle comments on this in footnotes.

[@laneilbrown8788]

Antonio Lambranca this does deserve super nerd

[@moviemaker2011z]

Super nerd or bust!

[@Cardboard_Cut]

Mjolnir Mark VI nor V have thrusters The thrusters were added on the second mjolnir generation, Mjolnir IV-VI is from Gen 1, and Gen 1 didn't had thrusters in it.

[@luketube7207]

Super nerd

[@legionnaire_blaze7138]

You know the armor locked up to help with the fall right, it's a direct quote from the cutscene

[@j-sant-animations8105]

Won't the suit's stasis lock help as well? Keeping the limbs from snapping at some joints.

[@artemislorain2520]

J-Tron I was just thinking that, plus the marines in the cutscenes talk about how the gel layer took most of the impact

[@dylanbellisario9171]

FaZe Lovezz yeah

[@robertbennett883]

I would think the kinetic shield would act as a brake/buffer as well slowing the impact or absorbing a portion of the impact.

[@marksebree5218]

@@robertbennett883 : It would also reduce his terminal velocity by increasing his surface area, thus increasing his drag. Basically, the same reason why parachutes work as they do, only the MC is riding more like a sled.

[@robertbennett883]

Good point Mark, I didn't think how the shield is a bit of a bubble around the suit. Could it act as a heat shield too? I don't think so but maybe?

[@murc.1]

If you look closely in the video you can see that he starts falling and suddenly changes his direction which means that he could have some sort of active aerodynamics that allow him to control his direction which will also allow him to come down at an angle which is something you could see in the video so he didn't exactly hit the ground directly but he skipped it like a stone in water plus all the protection and the trees that means that he had a pretty high chance of surviving. Just my opinion.

[@tiagotiagot]

Skydivers can steer themselves to some extent by just adjusting their limbs and posture

[@becausescience]

I agree -- KH

[@joshuahadams]

Chief had a bit of ship with him. He could've shifted his weight around on it to adjust angle of attack and the like to make his descent shallower.

[@sleepingbackbone7581]

AND...that crater he was found in might not be his original point of impact. As mentioned, he might skipped on the ground few times (hit a tree or two in the process?) and then came to a halt.

[@murc.1]

thank you guys so much for the reply . its such an honour.

[@aidanrogers4438]

Kyle, you really need to do an episode on something from The Expanse. Whether it's the protomolecule, or the Mars marine suits or the area inside the Ring from Season 3.

[@becausescience]

I'm actually talking with them now about doing something a bit more official. Stay tuned! -- KH

[@sorrenblitz805]

"How far did he fall?" "2 kilometers easy." "His armor's locked up, gel layer couldve taken most of the impact."

[@sethshade3121]

Noble 6 Survived a fall from a Covenant Corvette that was over reach and he was in space and there Augmented humans and there armors are designed to take a beating and have a gel layer that can lock up to protect the wearer. Titanium is also Grafted to his bones to help make them more unbreakable like many Spartans.

[@TheGreatThicc]

One minor error I noticed rather early, Kyle. You said with his armour the Chief weighs about 941 (if I did the math right) pounds. But Mjolnir Mk. VI (the variant he wears in Halo 2 and Halo 3) weighs 1,000 pounds when nobody is inside it. With the Chief inside it the total weight comes out to around 1,290 pounds as he is about 290 pounds with nothing on. Terminal velocity for a normal human who is less than 200 pounds is around 195 kilometres per hour Wouldn't the extra 349 pounds make his terminal velocity a bit faster?

[@marekmrozowski1060]

Hey Kyle ! Great episode ! I just wanted to point something out. In the intro video where the chief is shown soaring down from the space shuttle, both the shuttle and Chief are red hot glowing. In your estimates you declare it would take him 15 seconds to reach the terminal velocity, but that would be if he was to just jump out of the shuttle. I think what is actually going on is that Chief is waaaaay past his terminal velocity and he is rather deccelerating at a rapid pace (perhaps he was shot out of the shuttle). Objects in our atmosphere reach their term v so they do not cause enough of air pressure to cause the combustion effect thing. All in all, I think your numbers might be incorrect, but it that case it would be very difficult to get any estimates because we don't really know what height he was ejected at, nor his spees at that moment. Anyway, I hope You see this, keep up the fabulous work !

[@mdavies97131]

To be fair, terminal velocity is also impacted by his orientation and application of other physics (typically drag), which he would be smart enough to use (especially with Cortana's help). The most obvious example is a skydiver with chute in pack vs. deployed. Same mass, very different velocites, and even then changing orientation can change velocity while using a chute. He didn't have a chute, but he did use an improvised shield, which would increase drag (and mass, temporarily, to be fair). Barring that, he could spread out flat like you see most skydivers do, to control descent velocity. 49m/s (~110mph, I think) is the safe freefall in this case (so glad you used that), but experienced skydivers can control their descent drastically. I found a range of 49-143 m/s, record being 321mph last I checked... holy *&^@!

[@mdavies97131]

Sure, why not, I stopped playing Halo a long time ago, and most has left my brain, so I only vaguely remember the scene. The physics are unaffected, but congrats for being more up on Halo lore... ;P

[@fastmadcow]

I think Mdavies is still right here. Chief can calculate these things in his head ultra quickly. He probably is just as smart as most of the admirals. It also looked like he intentionally came in at that angle so he would hit the ground as soft as possible

[@StarForgers]

There isn't an almost on that. I believe all Spartans were trained to deal with that as an emergency measure. Ether way he would have had the knowledge as a pilot or from bullet trajectory mathematics.

[@fastmadcow]

yeah now that I think about it chief can fly and operate pretty much any vehicle. So he must be a really good pilot

[@DerFauleHund]

Kyle, i love how you talk about the luck you need to survive such things. John's luck mentioned a few times in the books about the series.

[@Elinshir]

I’ve always loved the References you have in every video, it’s funny, well used and appreciated as a fan of most of the topics you cover. If this isn’t a good enough reason to subscribe idk what is, Keep it up!

[@Cloutcommando]

*_I mean, we can always find out._*

[@zacharybennett3249]

Fuckin'.. Yeah Dude!

[@michaelcollier3792]

HA! Turned around that lame "discount Thor" joke, well played. Also, loved 7:07 how he couldn't resist but made it subtle enough to make it work. Nice.

[@Arby117]

It's really cool that you mentioned "luck." In that cutscene where Chief falls from "space," Cortana is narrating she says that luck is Chief's special ability.

[@kaelanirevyruun1676]

Also in the Master Chief’s case, his survival was thanks to a safety mechanism built into the armor; it’s mentioned that the entire suit locked, requiring a marine to unlock it, and there’s also damage to the gel layer if I remember right

[@SerathDarklands]

His armor doesn't just "have" a gel layer, the layer can, on command, be pressurized and flooded to increase it's size and density for just this kind of situation, further increasing the time it would take for his body to hit the ground.

[@kinggonch]

if you look at the video, chief hits at a shallow angle. if you throw a stone across water at a shallow enough angle it skips. if chief hits at a shallow enough angle, he too could skip, slowing him down more gradually, and the final hit/landing would leave a chief sized creator.

[@TheMainTagonist]

Im just going to hazzard a guess that the solidness of dirt would make skipping much harder than water

[@TheMainTagonist]

It also wouldnt look nearly as badass

[@DTcorn77]

@@TheMainTagonist I'm not an expert, but wouldn't it be the opposite? Skones skip because the water tension and its own weight make it act like a solid. Think of it this way. If i threw a rock across a marble floor vs a sand one, which would you expect to skip more?

[@Cleverhandle357]

I would definitely donate to the Patreon of a chief-sized creator

[@jaredmiller1268]

Hey, Kyle! Love the video. I was itching throughout the video because, for some reason, I thought you were going to leave out specifically the crystalline-infused gel layer SPECIFICALLY meant to aid in the absorbtion of impacts. Why I ever doubted the research capabilities of you and your Kyletana AI out there in the Void, I will never now. One thing that would also favorably add towards your final conclusion is that the jungle floor would very likely have a decent layer of loam, liquid(as seen having collected in his Chief-sized crater), and other debris, upwards of a couple feet in some places. This conglomeration of decomposing biomass and forest floor clutter would act as sort of an analog to the snow in your other examples of lucky survivors. What I would be interested in is the math, probably similar to this one, behind the Fall of Reach novel, where dozens of armoured Spartan II's leaped from an already rapidly descending Pelican dropship, minus parachute, and a.... a good deal of them.... hobbled away. As I do not have my source material, I would be unable to tell you exact numbers, but I would like to see if you can provide a maximum velocity upon which a Spartan II could survive a fall into a tree trunk, as seen the novel. Thor is a Discount Kyle, your good fan, Jared.

[@ronanstamp-porter6643]

The guy that found him said he fell with a heat shield so if he means like one on a rocket and if it was heavy enough that it would make a fire ball and he could of buffed up his chances of surviving But I never played halo so heat shield could be something else

[@ostmen_draugr]

He had a makeshift heatsheild using part of the ship he jumped from if i remember correctly

[@ronanstamp-porter6643]

thanks for saying

[@ostmen_draugr]

@@ronanstamp-porter6643 np

[@WaveOfDestiny]

You can see the thing stuck in the mud when you start walking

[@ronanstamp-porter6643]

cool

[@hailitalia86]

7:08 "69ms.. Nice" Freaking too funny. You have such great line delivery sir, good job.

[@codynewcomb3819]

Excellent Episode, i hope we see some more Halo ones soon. Some things to consider... 1) Mjolnir armor is equipped standard with a Gel Layer that can harden to keep the body rigid to reduce bouncing around (this is seen in the book Halo fall of reach when a detatchment of spartans have to Halo Jump from a destroyed pelican) Thanks for the Episode and all the awesome content.

[@himanshuwilhelm5534]

I've always wanted to know: If you fall at terminal velocity, and hit a slope, which you roll down parkour-style, how steep would the slope have to be?

[@Attelocin217]

You know who fell from space legit in Halo? Noble 6. Now THAT is a video I'd like to see. A Spartan III lightly tossed toward a planet makes planetfall and walks away... I dunno about that, man.

[@stubbornspaceman7201]

Well that’s because Six was wearing an M-Spec reentry pack.

[@Erti-SamC]

@@stubbornspaceman7201 Also he limped a bit afterward

[@umainebearman]

Take a drink every time Kyle says "heat"

[@becausescience]

In 13 min I say "heat" only 4 times. If you're my size, you'll have a BAC ~0.1% by the end of the video. -- KH

[@zacharybennett3249]

Already did. What Now, funny man?

[@jamesonsan8539]

My goodness. I laughed so hard at that quote and delivery. Thanks for the guffaw : P

[@ei11ac]

I just love how Kyle makes it so anyone in school in the entire US cant get into footnotes except on summer

[@mikeroch7813]

How soon can we get our own Kyle-tana?

[@rurikvolkov2810]

In fear of safety of Kyletana do not give this guy one

[@mikeroch7813]

Why you gotta be so rude?

[@rurikvolkov2810]

@@mikeroch7813 because it is the internet

[@mikeroch7813]

Don't you know I'm human too?

[@FlagCutie]

Of course he can survive! Felix Baumgartner survived his 39 km drop with a far less technologically advanced suit!

[@KICKASSoBASSIST]

Jess_Marie_G I haven’t finished the video yet but regardless of the answer. That’s an exception not the rule. Before we got the standard parachute we know today there was a french man (I forgot his name) that made a full body parachute and tested it by jumping from the top of the Eiffel Tower, he ended up dying and iirc there footage of that event.

[@TheMarshmellowLife]

He also had a parachute....

[@valtersplume3726]

He used a parachute.

[@Incred_Canemian]

Maybe MJOLNIR should have a parachute.

[@becausescience]

I think the parachute helped Jess! -- KH

[@07Rasengan07]

His armor blocks, the impact does not connect to damage internal organs. (Sorry for bad english)

[@sdmitch16]

It's outside of his chest cavity so the armor lock wouldn't stop his lungs from being destroyed when they hit his ribs. It's outside of skull so it wouldn't stop his skull and brain from smashing together.

[@millaganwillagain]

Kyle-tana!🤣🤣🤣 This is the best video yet, I love it

[@hurlyburlygaming6210]

don't forget MJOLNIR armor has a lockdown function for impacts like this. it's intended to keep the wearer safe from impact forces and being jarred around. the same function is seen in Halo Reach when your falcon goes down curing Tip of The Spear. Chief's armor engaged that function so that only added to the myriad of factors that lessened his impact

[@andrewnelson1992]

What would happen if lightning struck a tokamak, a la Obi Wan Kenobi's lightsaber and Count Dooku's force lightning in Episode II? Assuming Dooku's force strike was relatively close to the equivalent of the average bolt of lightning at around a billion joules, would the plasma just absorb the energy like the lightsaber did or should we have seen a more explosive reaction? It should be noted that Dooku's lightning dispersed from his hands in a continuous stream for a few seconds, rather than the nearly instantaneous average lightning strike.

[@justinthompson6364]

Plasma is highly conductive, so it would have passed through the blade and hilt and into Obi Wan anyway.

[@mar_speedman]

I think it has to do more with the force. Which is why Obi-wan's saber absorbed the lightning, but Mace's saber reflected it back at Palpatine. I know, I know, it's a cheap answer, but Star Wars focuses on fantasy more than science, so you probably won't be able to explain most of what happens in Star Wars with science.

[@andrewnelson1992]

I guess I'm assuming Obi Wan used his lightsaber to absorb the force lightning while simultaneously using the force to keep the energy contained in the "blade" rather than allowing it to surge forward through the hilt and into himself. If that were that were the case, would those billions and billions of joules of energy seemingly disperse within the plasma blade, or would we get some kind of electromagnetic disturbance in the form of a burst or explosion that not only could have destroyed the lightsaber, but perhaps Obi Wan and Dooku as well?

[@justinthompson6364]

If he can already use the force to keep the lightning from passing through the saber, he's already playing hell with physics as we know it. Whether or not the stuff would burst from the saber isn't governed by science.

[@andrewnelson1992]

Which is why I originally asked what would happen to a tokamak if struck by a three second continuous stream of lightning.

[@Dutchcomentatah]

How would a soldier be able to hold a plasma grenade without melting the muscles from his bone?

[@CommissarLORDBernn]

When primed, the Type-1 Plasma grenade starts venting its coolant ensuring that the grenade does not stick to the individual who primed it. When thrown, the gaseous plasma begins to ionize to a degree such that if it comes into contact with a vehicle or individual, the plasma will start to burn into the surface and adhere to it, the venting coolant will cause the small plasma generator inside to destabilize and will in turn cause the grenade to detonate

[@ChaosWolfNinja]

Because science!

[@D1LLDozZer135]

Well he did, so yeah.. twice!

[@tranhuyuc8987]

"Gel layer could have taken most of the impact."

[@Frosthawk2815]

well the heat shield would have altered his terminal velocity and most likely increased his drag as a large flat surface in front of him like a door he may have smashed through.Also Chief isnt in the centre of his crater and the heat shield isnt in sight meaning he could have skipped along the ground increasing the time it took to slow down even more ,this is supported by the cutscene at the start of the game where he flies (falls with style) by the camera at a very horizontal angle , love the show and keep up the great work

[@lepras3993]

Basically game theory except with more science. I love this channel

[@bantabury]

More science and less clickbait

[@lordbanetheplayer8844]

Of course, he's the man character in a videogame!

[@Red1676]

Main*

[@hollow636]

Couldn't the improvised heat shield that master chief uses also act as an air brake increasing the drag force on him and thus slowing him down?

[@qdllc]

hollow636 - That’s a point he missed. TV is affected by air resistance. A heat shield would not only let him steer but increase air resistance. Also, if he had full shields on impact...something else not mentioned.

[@nathananderson1550]

i dont think his regular shield would do a lot. the damage in question is the force on his body from stopping so quickly not the ground itself. but yea a heat shield would slow him down further. the out come stated though is that he would probably survive, so taking the heat shield into account wouldnt change the end result

[@WaveOfDestiny]

His shields could be used to increase the time of deceleration, becouse they form outside the actual armor. They can reduce impacts as meele attacks and bumps into veichles and falling from certain heights

[@unforgivenromantic]

Glad you brought up the gel layer, jungle, brush and mud. I was waiting just to make that point. But I will bring this up. He doesn't necessarily have to walk away scott free. The biofoam we see in ODST, for example, is built right into the MK VI armor. And there's other failsafes like it. So, he could be badly beaten, but his armor itself would keep him moving (something made cheaper in the Spartan IIIs, who received animal hormones instead of human growth hormone so they'd fight without having the armor keep them going, per Ghosts of Onyx).

[@tygarrmacbeth150]

he also landed close to what looks like a water fall meaning the soil where he landed would have been moist and have more give then dry soil. if you look at the video he also has a pool of water at his feet where he landed showing the soil was soft

[@roygarcia6638]

Now what about Noble Six, who actually fell from space?

[@chiefsenpai969]

He did not fall from space with only his MJOLNIR armor. He had an EVA pack which slowed down his descend.

[@vinnieboJ]

He had a Re-entry pack with him when he got tossed. that helped him to land safe-ish.

[@angryfalconshark6273]

Kyle, I am a huge fan of Because Science, but I love Halo even more. Choose your words carefully. LOL

[@FacelessMage117]

Same, I have a Legendary Tattoo

[@angryfalconshark6273]

Did Kyle just call the Dreadnaught the annadyn

[@NightlyDaymare13]

Angry Falcon Shark hahahahahaha

[@becausescience]

Angry Falcon Shark Anodyne is a dreadnought class ship. Big fan huh? ehehe -- KH

[@angryfalconshark6273]

@@becausescience I didn't say I knew everything. Shh

[@wyattseverin8383]

Why did the gremlins duplicate from the pool water and not from the beer?

[@SpearM3064]

@wya sev I don't know, was the beer American? Because speaking from personal experience, except for some really good microbrews, all the "mainstream" beers (Busch, Coors, Michelob, etc) are like sex on the beach... they're fucking close to water. So if the beer was a good German lager, that might explain why not. ;^)

[@WingManFang1]

Chief was a spartan II in halo lore they were known to graft a lot of bones with Ceramics to make their bones almost indestructible under most circumstances there are a lot of other fine details but the truth be told I just love as far as they took the details of the augmentations in the lore. Also don’t forget the Armor abilities on their own his gel wasn’t all that helped him, his Armor “locked” before impact lowering the actual chance of internal structural damage caused by Deceleration

[@rianmacdonald9454]

As a huge halo fan, and always bugged by the 2km fall, but if I jump off a ledge i die thing. Loved the video, and all the extra aminations of halo hud.

[@matthews8063]

Hey Kyle, 2 things of not that serious importance 1) When referring to John, you said " Soldier John 117" when you should have said "Spartan 117" as it just misclasses him. 2) When you had the HUD from Halo up on the screen, I noticed you had Thor's hammer as your active weapon. You used ammo ticks instead of an "Energy remaining" bar. That is all. Stay nerdy my friend

[@flamevortex]

don't you mean 'Master Chief Petty Officer John-117'

[@matthews8063]

Yes and no. That is his full rank. Master chief is a spartan.

[@chexwarior]

I mean, by some definitions he is a "soldier" although some people get really salty about the distinction between soldier/marine/sailor/airman. But that also makes me wonder, why aren't the Spartan IIs classified with marine ranks? We know that the UNSC marine corps has the rank of Sgt, but 117 is a Master Chief Petty Officer, which is a naval NCO rank.

[@matthews8063]

@@chexwarior more than likely they merged the 2

[@buca117]

Because Marines can die. Nobody cares enough about the Navy to verify morbidity.

[@Pr0fila]

Mice can survive a fall from any height? Imma test that from my 8 story window

[@becausescience]

"Almost," also please don't -- Kh

[@StefanoTheBrazilian]

If the Spartans are so badass, why can't they sprint in the games?

[@StefanoTheBrazilian]

(I'm just ignoring Halo Reach and Halo 4 because they are bad games and souldn't be canon)

[@masterchief9743]

Lol reach a bad game.Btw why u think the best games dont have sprint?

[@crusadrian5010]

@@masterchief9743 woah woah woah slow down there buckaroo. Reach is best in the series. Period. 4 is a bad game, yes. While it's cutscene were fantastic, the gameplay and MP were awful. Also, did y'all forget about H5 or what?

[@moviemaker2011z]

Because the community doesnt like it and are babies.

[@moviemaker2011z]

@@StefanoTheBrazilian reach and 4 are amazing. What you on about?

[@Xxarmybound91]

I have never read the novels myself however from what i have understood he hit several objects through his decent, also the shield was rumored to have kinetic dampening properties. Love the show, big fan!

[@geoffreymejia9492]

i love your content! your videos encouraged me to be hungry for knowledge. keep up the great work!

[@JeremyWS]

A miracle doesn't have to break the laws of physics to be a miracle. Great video, keep up the good work. God bless!

[@goedragonu8986]

FALLING 7000 KM ?!?

[@becausescience]

I wrote it correctly but misspoke. There's even a correct in the episode itself. It happens. Sorry. -- KH

[@goedragonu8986]

Needed a comparison to Shepard, but he ded

[@lurker1245]

Well that person should have died 🤣

[@djstapler]

Sponsored by tomb raider *makes halo video*

[@michaelkeith4322]

DJ Stapler reads a comment from another person and copies because he’s stupid.

[@Red1676]

Bit of a guess, the tomb raider game that was advertised was a timed exclusive for xbox.

[@frogtrainer5899]

Bro. I just started watching your videos in the past couple months. You are extremely intelligent. I hope to be as knowledgeable as you one day.

[@adambielen8996]

The heat shield Chief rode down was actually one of the doors on the Forerunner ship, in that mission you have to walk past it a little ways off. So not only did he have that shield but his time to stop would have been significantly increased and he would be landing at a much shallower angle.

[@danielthompson6207]

I fell in love once; I'd rather fall into the earth from space.

[@TheBigBadBeowulf]

I need a weapon

[@vikingwarrior117]

I C O N I C

[@crusadrian5010]

Oml you're a fantastic person

[@AstronautaVerdadeiro]

THE SACRED I C O N

[@JohnSB]

Also in the book Fall Of Reach there is a scene where 40+ Spartans do this kind of a jump and most survive (I want to say 3/4) by over presurizing the gel layer in their suit and landing in trees to help break their fall. This was in an earlier set of armor with a weaker shield system so I can 100% see him surviving this fall with the math you provided. Thanks for the video!

[@Runedragonx]

Let's not forget small details like how Chief's bones are coated in a hybrid titanium ceramic, his muscular structure was augmented to be strong and absorbent like kevlar, the suit has robotics wired directly to his nervous system, so if a bone is broken the suit can support the limb a la exos for disabled peoples, the suit also has an automated biofoam system wired up to the biosensor layer to seal any wounds that occur throughout a battle (or a hard landing), and finally, kinetic energy shielding, ruyman90 has a good explanation of its effectiveness.