Godzilla’s Nuclear Steam Breath | Because Science Footnotes

[@TheRealGuywithoutaMustache]

"Lightning never strikes the same place twice, except that it does. Those things are called lightning rods." -Fat- - Skinny Thor

[@renatoigmed]

who could explain lightning better than Thor himself? -skinny- Normal Thor

[@willbryant3451]

not being fat doesn't make you skinny.

[@seanguthrie9571]

Would the fat make him more, or less conductive?

[@dressiknights]

@@seanguthrie9571 more conductive. fat has less resistance than muscle so his overall resistance went down assuming he lost no muscle mass. Okay, just made that up. Let's find out. *googles* nope, wrong. muscle is more conductive, which is how ATP works to begin with. WHOA totally made that up too. Seriously googling now. *googles* okay, can't find the simple answer quickly enough. I think I found the complex answer, but it had to do with potassium levels, the fact that blood in general is a very good conductor and that at a macro level the body is just equally conductive regardless. It's more of a matter of area and volume, it seems. Thus larger would be more conductive. Science seems to just say "the bigger the better" at conducting electricity. Path of least resistance, and a human body has less resistance than air. So Dad-bod Thor is more conductive but probably not by enough to be noteworthy.

[@derekhunter5040]

@@willbryant3451 you would know.

[@senoja1986]

"it doesn't have to be perfect it just has to work" is a great mantra to live by 😂

[@NelielSugiura]

Except if you are a developer. No one wants to spend their life fixing the resulting bugs.

[@spartanhawk7637]

@@NelielSugiura I try to live by this quote: "Push through the pain. Giving up hurts more." -Vegeta, Prince of All Three Saiyans

[@ARMIV4]

@@NelielSugiura except Bethesda, because the modders will do that for them.

[@theneedfulniche]

I was expecting a min/max gaming joke, but I'm still happy.

[@justsomejerseydevilwithint4606]

@@NelielSugiura the bugs are what makes skyrim great. Who needs to fix them?

[@llangad]

"Let's get technical!" 15 seconds later.. "Roughly T-Rex-mass"

[@ice_7057]

I mean that is technical

[@threat645]

Yeah T rex mass is to vague

[@bogechoginson3728]

That's not vague- a recent study estimates T. rex to be somewhere around 9 metric tons. That fairly specific.

[@claireburnette-wouters9723]

nope!

[@TristanJCumpole]

Certain fungus has managed to evolve and thrive in Chernobyl through radiothropy; that is, they metabolise GAMMA RAYS into chemical energy. That is some Grade Five AWE. Someawe! Awesomuch!!

[@morrigannibairseach1211]

What's really interesting about that is it uses melanin in an analogous way to photosynthesis. Also I think this was once brought up to argue that Superman should have more melanin.

[@TristanJCumpole]

@@morrigannibairseach1211 A black superman? The world needs this but isn't ready for our sun ready saviour.

[@samgeurdi6351]

Pyotr Makhno Superman doesn’t get sunburned. I think we should stop to superimpose human understanding on alien physiology. Superman was born on planet with 800x the gravity of Earth. He also has the ability to drain nearby life force. In a alternate universe in DC multiverse there already exist a black Superman, he’s also the USA president. It’s been done. Can be seen in Final Crisis comic book.

[@ziggyzak6017]

There's already a black superman in the comics lol

[@swissham0132]

Hulk-shrooms?

[@magnathrax7360]

That explanation for Godzilla's atomic breath is just too good.

[@dressiknights]

So when he emerges from the sea and fires his atomic breath upwards, Godzilla just doomed some continent?

[@VictoryNibbles]

@@dressiknights I mean, he dooms basically everywhere he fights. He's extremely radioactive, his flesh and blood would also be, and his attacks are basically reactor meltdowns in a direction. Godzilla was created as a nuclear bomb analogue. In fact, I'm pretty sure the last Japan-only Gojira movie (I had to torrent it, and scrounge up subs) covers all this better than any other movie in the franchise (while being weirder, and actually involving humans in a way that made more sense than just set dressing, or as characters more important than Gojira).

[@Illier1]

@@dressiknights Water is insanely good at dispersing radiation. Also apparently in the new movies the radiation released by these Titans causes rapid cellular growth in plants and nature. Las Vegas and San Francisco became lush and full of life after the kaiju attacked.

[@franciscoguinledebarros4429]

It's a Chernobyl cannon

[@VictoryNibbles]

@Frank A I believe you're right. Well, it'd be Shin Gojira, or New Godzilla, if we're trying not to mix languages.

[@christiansebastianobaudo9558]

That's why I like science. It's like clickbait that makes sense. Kyle Hill. Tuesday, June 4, 2019.

[@anevilrotisserie9136]

You forgot the ~

[@christiansebastianobaudo9558]

@@anevilrotisserie9136 Hehe.

[@olearris]

Except idiots wont get it and cry fake science and the earths flat.

[@supratimmitra8507]

Quantum mechanics is the clickbait of science

[@CareerKnight]

You kind of dropped the ball on the Bumblebee point. First, as some others have pointed out, bumblebees don't fly because they flap very fast but because they flap differently than birds do (they have a sort of scooping motion which generates more lift than a standard flap) and that's where the modern myth came from. It was true until we developed better highspeed cameras that allowed us to see the full motion of the wing and once the new lift value was calculated physics had no problem with bumblebees flying. Second I think this is what some of the original comments were referring to, if Mothra flapped her wings like a bumblebee her wingspan would need to be smaller than what you initial calculated due to the added lift.

[@icecoldchilipreppers]

THANK YOU SIR!!!!

[@sanovavitchp.7204]

Lift this comment to the top.

[@BanksyMane]

CareerKnight - Except Mothra clearly doesn't flap her wings like a bumblebee does, because she's clearly not a giant bumblebee & doesn't have wings anything like that of a bumblebee. Also, the speed of a bumblebee's wing flapping *does* attribute to why they can fly, along with the scooping motion you stated. It's not 1 or the other, it's both. If it was just the scooping motion, then bumblebees wouldn't flap their wings as fast as they do now would they?

[@GAdmThrawn]

Doesn't bumblebees fly in a similar pattern as a hummingbird? Isn't that why it's able to move in all directions?

[@xpndblhero5170]

Also because the size of muscle compared to its body is massively different from other flyers...

[@Frankenstein077]

Well, considering the atomic breath effect was done with pressurized steam/mist/smoke in the original 1954 film...

[@justindaughrity9680]

@Jackson Cross It would still work if later iterations didn't change it in to being a pure beam radiation, although I always saw it the way it was portrayed in Shin Godzilla, him shooting out a concentrated beam of radioactive plasma.

[@justsomejerseydevilwithint4606]

That's shockingly canon.

[@jollygoodfellow3957]

This is how Bees fly: The super fast motion of their wings creates a "pocket" of low pressure within the local, roughly bee-sized area, and they "coast" or "ride" on the greater air pressure that is below them.

[@alonelyavacado8576]

YES

[@WAMTAT]

More like a helicopter than a plane

[@Illier1]

Yeah anything who thinks bees shouldn't be able to fly will flip when they hear about helicopters.

[@jlokison]

Helicopters don't fly, they beat the air into submission.

[@jollygoodfellow3957]

@Majin Gojira I think there's a maximum size/weight limit to bee-like flight. Bees and insects even in the ancient past didn't get bigger than a meganura. Hummingbirds fly in an almost bee-like fasion but not quite. I think the amount of calories it would take to fly like a bee for something the weight of a bald eagle would be far too much for any animal of that size. It works for bees and insects because their weight is so small by comparison.

[@TheLastCletus]

So Godzilla's a walking nuclear steam engine? STEAM PUNK GODZILLA!!

[@justsomejerseydevilwithint4606]

Steam punk Mechagodzilla? WRITING IT NOW!!!!!

[@notorioushkm97]

That explanation of the Atomic Breath was Absolutely Genius!

[@justsomejerseydevilwithint4606]

Thank you😁

[@RAarMason]

Lol. Kyle I love your show and listen to it often at work as I remodel apartments. When you started reading the comment someone left about why Quetzalcoatl could fly because the atmosphere was different with less drag and blah blah blah... I physically stopped what I was doing and out loud with coworkers around, not hearing what my head phones were saying, and I loudly exclaimed, " ...NO IT WASN'T!" All my coworkers turned to look at me, just before you said, "No. None of that's true." Your show often awards me looks from friends and strangers of confusion as I respond so frequently without regard to my surroundings. Keep up the awesome show, subjects and info, and maybe help out Dr. Moo. Because space needs a little polishing.

[@raedien]

Yeah, the humor doesn't feel organic for her. It's clinical and forced. Because Space shouldn't be Because Science with someone else trying to deliver the same show. Dr. M needs to deliver her material her way.

[@logangraham2956]

bubble bee:"i can't fly with these small wings" evolution:"flap harder damn it!"

[@justsomejerseydevilwithint4606]

Scoop, dam it!

[@Matty0311MMS]

"The 'ant'ser might shock you."

[@pauldevine3295]

Made that same joke, scrolled down and realised you got there first. Respect

[@Matty0311MMS]

@@pauldevine3295 Well... ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[@wizrad2099]

"The ant, sir, might shock you."

[@Matty0311MMS]

@@wizrad2099 Quite right, ser Wiz. *tips hat* 'Tis an electric ant.

[@MonkeyJedi99]

Should have been, "The ant-swer might brighten your day!"

[@nhogan84]

I still really really want to know if the Mines of Moria and Khazad-Dum are possible to build through current engineering feats.

[@alexvogel610]

Most of Moria was carved out of existing stone, was it not? I would think that so long as the rock is sufficiently free of fissures and cracks, most of those structures and spaces could exist. You don't have to worry about lintels being strong enough, or how to hoist blocks into place, you only need to worry about excavating a void

[@AngDavies]

Closest thing in real life that's somewhat similar, is probably this: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_Outer_Underground_Discharge_Channel look at the people in the photo, place is huge, its designed to capture floodwater to prevent flooding, I'm not sure it's Moria big, but it's biiiiiig Could bigger be built? Probably

[@NotQuiteEnglish01]

Gonna nitpick: Moria and Khazad-Dum are the same place, just one is the Elven name and one is the Dwarvish name. It's probably possible to build a similar structure but it wouldn't be hospitable in the slightest and I imagine lighting the place would be a freakin' nightmare on energy consumption...

[@matthewlevi600]

I find it interesting that the comments about the atmosphere state that a less dense atmosphere would be more apt for flight. Now, I understand that you debunked the idea of the atmosphere being any different, and I understand the drag component, but I feel like a less dense atmosphere would actually make flight tougher. I would argue that the more dense, the easier. For example, liquid flight (AKA swimming) requires less wingspan due to more material available for displacement. Maybe Kyle can do a video on this for me. I love your show Kyle, keep up the good work, and I wanna see you again on Game Knights! 😁

[@SpearM3064]

DING DING DING! We have a winner! Good point, Matthew, and absolutely correct. Just take a look at aircraft. On a day when the air is warmer than standard, it's *less dense* and *performance DECREASES* because it produces *less lift.* Another thing that affects performance is humidity. A molecule of water weighs less than the nitrogen and oxygen molecules that make up (most) of the rest of the air (remember, Earth's air is about 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% other gases). So, when you have more water vapor in the air, the air has less mass, which means it's less dense, which means performance decreases... And obviously, altitude is important. The higher your altitude, the thinner the air is, which means that the higher you go the *less dense* the air becomes, reducing performance. Ever wonder why the runways at the Denver airport are 12,000 to 16,000 feet long? *That's why.* Because the air is less dense, it takes more room for the aircraft to gain enough speed to produce enough lift to get off the ground. (At sea level, a runway only needs to be about 8,000 feet long.) Every pilot knows that more air mass flowing over your wing allows you to generate more lift, and more oxygen mass in your cylinder allows you to burn more fuel - meaning more power. Increasing air density increases your engine, propeller and wing's performance. Decreasing air density decreases performance. While flying animals don't have cylinders, increased air density would still increase their wing performance. They also have a biological internal combustion engine, called _mitochondria,_ that requires oxygen and fuel (in the form of food). The food gets converted into sugars like glucose. The mitochondria use that oxygen and glucose as part of the process for creating ATP, which your cells use for energy. So the lower the air density is, the less oxygen they can take in with each breath, which means less glucose gets converted into ATP, which reduces muscle performance... TL;DR: You're right. If the air was less dense, it would make flying *harder,* not easier.

[@shanejohnson5318]

That was my initial thought as well. Compare wing sizes needed for flight on Mars vs Jupiter 👍😊

[@osmium6832]

I think the origin of the error in the commentor referenced in the episode is that they heard certain insects like dragonflies used to be HUGE and assumed all flying creatures were bigger back then. Foot-wide dragonflies were possible due to the chemical composition of the atmosphere (higher % of the air was oxygen), not the density of the air, which they conflated to mean the same thing. Higher oxygen content means things without lungs, like insects, can still get oxygen to their cells if their body sizes are scaled up relative to today's creatures.

[@vanconojl]

(1) the first gojira did use steam on his atomic breath but many others just output pure radiation on their atomic breath. (2) about gojira heart strength on the old movies like godzilla vs mecha godzilla (1974) you can see that gojiras blood pressure is extremely high by the way he bleeds suggesting a very strong heart.

[@depravedvile2622]

16:10 holy shit that actually makes sense, which would explain why he also has gills so the water wouldn't only be giving Godzilla oxygen while he's in water it would be giving him extra water to store somewhere in his body. Mind. Blown. You are now my favorite science KZbin channel, subscribed

[@IAmTheAce5]

Person 1: ghi-DOR-ah Person 2: GHI-do-rah Me: ...THAT GIANT GOLD DRAGON!!! [dope slap]...

[@mrrey3481]

Me: pronouncing it in russian which appears to be right (kind of)

[@-slice-6103]

Ik this is a joke but King Ghidorah resembles a three headed Wyvern though

[@auri1075]

Flappy boi...

[@franciscoguinledebarros4429]

I think it's better to get a silent o (GI-do-RAH) "King Gid.rah" rolls out of the tongue easier than "Kin gidora" (giDOHra) (FYI, I wrote as we speak, so the G.s in kinG Gidorah sometimes merge for example)

[@TheGamingBurger734]

Person 3:GHID-rah Person 4: GUY-drah Me: FUCK GHIDORAH I WANT GOROSAURUS

[@Artak091]

I think its because Ghidorah has that weather control power,since a hurricane follows him around he probably just uses the wind to help push him around.

[@Artak091]

@Kyero Nelma "movie logic" or "game logic" is really almost always the answer it's just fun to speculate alternative ideas.

[@user-Void-Star]

@Kyero Nelma logic is just a program.

[@erisdiscordia1649]

The both of you are a bit off the mark. Remember, Ghidorah is from space, and has always had the ability to kinda manipulate gravity, amongst other powers that he may have such as his graviton beams. This could mean that yes, he could produce storms in some way with these powers, but he probably doesn't have power over storms themselves

[@Frankenstein077]

I've always hated the whole "Bumblebees shouldn't be able to fly," thing...

[@anorangewithacapybaraunder2370]

Can you calculate how much *Omaewa mou* is required for a *Shindeiru* reaction?

[@TheGladGolem]

Sure. Omaewa mou is measured in Tah and Wah units. Different Shindeirus result from differing Tah counts. The most basic one is 14 Tah and one Wah, as demostrated professor emeritus of Hokuto Shinken studies, Kenshiro: “Tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah WAH-TAH!”

[@marvthebass]

I really like that explanation of Godzilla's atomic breath👍

[@rev.jonathanwint6038]

Okay it was a Japanese explanation like I just mentioned before. Godzilla was actually an energy life-form evolved created when nuclear energy bonded to the shape and form of a dead dinosaur. This Energy life form creates a body for itself thinking it's a live. The energy life-form is essentially the energy from an atomic bomb Nuclear Elemental if you like.. he creates a body for himself a flesh-and-blood because that's what he remembers having but his real form is that breath. He's a creature of pure energy nuclear plasma. Not really part of this universe. But I only ever saw the explanation once and I thought it was really good.

[@Blinkehyo]

Your shirt was blue in your immortality video

[@GundamFranxx]

Navy blue.

[@Blinkehyo]

@@GundamFranxx

[@Metallica8589]

"Bumble bee wings; they just work." -Todd Howard, 2019

[@scifiexplained]

People ripping how you say Ghidorah are totally wrong! Toho studios has said both "geedruh" and "ge dor uh" or both correct, and both are used throughout the films. Dman1954 has a video on this very subject. You were fine with how you said it Because Science.

[@brandonogden3498]

The Quetzalcoatl (spelling?) had a more oxygen-rich atmosphere, so that might have helped the beast generate more power at least.

[@ryandunklee634]

“Kinda furry chounky and I love em” Kyle Hill 2019

[@wahbegan]

You can blame The Bee Movie for all the BEES SHOULDN'T BE ABLE TO FLY comments tbh

[@ravissary79]

Yeah, I talk to fair number of creationists and they dint use the analogy to make the case that bees defy nature, or they fly on magic or something... it's just used as a cautionary tale of being too reductionistic in scientific explanations. I personally used to run into this problem with my teachers in physics as a kid. They'd always present certain basic concepts like calculating falling objects or trajectories and then say just do formula x and you'll get an accurate answer.... SCIENCE! Except that's not true. They were ignoring differences in density vs drag, temperature, all kinds of factors that are actually used when applying physics to these kinds of real phenomena. The Bee anecdote isn't saying bees can't fly, bees obvious fly, it's saying "this guy said it should work... but it works, thus guy was wrong, don't be like this guy". It's not a God of a gaps it's a call to fill in th e gaps by not being reductionistic. The creationists just think that the more you know they'll be vindicated eventually. That's their perspective. You might say their conclusions are wrong, but the use of the anecdote isn't an appeal to magic by them. It's saying "this shouldn't work assuming x, so don't assume x, look for hypothetical y, z, a, b, c".

[@oliverbohac9086]

What I expect is that because he spends so much time near the bottom of the ocean, he eats massive amounts of rock and metal, then compresses it into a very dense sort of slab. When he needs to use the breath, he biles up this slab at the same time letting some sort of incredibly hot core driven by nuclear energy in him conduct energy to his throat. If you are familiar with the casaba howitzer concept, you might see how this would create a particle beam of deadly plasma in a very directed fashion. The casaba howitzer concept proposes tungsten, but super dense metals would still work, it just needs to catch the unbelievable heat and spill it in a thin cone of plasma death.

[@chrisadler8888]

Kyle: “Ghidorah can’t fly!” Ghidorah: “Look at me, I’m a bumblebee!” Kyle: “Am I a joke to you?”

[@kevincandelario2573]

Kevin here, big fan. The steam radiation theory I believe makes a lot of sense especially since his breath knocks down ghidora, so it had mass in order to apply force. As opposed to completly consisting of radiation. And I had a question about ghidora's lighrning. When he projects lightning, he seems to be like the world's greatest organic conductor. In the movie he shoots lightning horizontally, and upwards. I was wondering where it would go or look, since I can't recall lightning going upward. Would his attacks go straight down and be ineffective or would they have a rainbow effect where they would eventually reach ground

[@philipfahy9658]

Realistic godzilla is just dummy thicc.

[@ARMIV4]

"Mothra, I'm trying to level Osaka, but I'm dummy thicc and the sheer size of my body won't let me move anywhere"

[@TheGladGolem]

I wanted to point out a whole component left out of that bumblebee calculation: Low Pressure Vortex. The bee’s wings do beat quickly, but more importantly they beat in a specific back-forward angle that creates a low air pressure vortex just behind the leading edge of the wing. The suction produced by this vortex provides more than enough lift to keep the bumblebee aloft. Recently it has been shown that this vortex means bumblebees do not require extra effort to fly in turbulent air as opposed to still air.

[@LEMMYKISGOD]

Next: *Godzilla vs. King Kong* 🐲 vs. 🦍 2020... I just want Godzilla to dropkick KK like he did in "Godzilla vs. Megalon"

[@aidanrogers4438]

For Godzilla’s size, I would say that because he is a Titan, and feeds off radiation as we see in both recent Godzilla’s which could mean that his biology, like bone strength, would be different due to his diet of radiation. And also, his natural habitat is underwater, so that’s one reason his species has been able to grow as large.

[@ayjay579]

It's Guh-Dor-Uh. That's how Toho says it should be pronounced in English.

[@okamuspanulirus9614]

That would make godzilla, gojira pick a side

[@lewatoaofair2522]

"I don't know Japanese...." [cites an English dub of the first appearance]

[@scifiexplained]

You are wrong! go watch dman1954s video on this very subject!

[@ayjay579]

@@scifiexplained I'm a Godzilla fan so where do you think I got this information from? It was from a Dman video. Weird that you would reference the person who I got this information from. But I'm guessing you didn't know I was also a Gman fan so you might have assumed that I haven't already seen his video on it. But I have and that's exactly where I got this pronunciation from.

[@scifiexplained]

@Ace_09 thanks ace_09!

[@Rembanspellsong]

Godzilla has had at least 1 movie where he was able to fly by using his breath weapon as a rocket booster, so he has been shown to be able to fly. you would need to see how much thrust that would have to generate for him to get his titanic frame off the ground. he is shown to basically be an unaerodynamic rock that is being rocket propelled through the air.

[@pvic6959]

"not everything has to be perfect, it just has to work" ... wow i needed to hear this more than you know. thanks :) time stamp for myself: 10:59

[@SaberRiko]

On bumblebees and insect flight; their flight doesn't rely on the same kind of aerodynamics as the birds we're more familiar with. Kyle already pointed out that they beat many times faster than a relatively sized bird, they also keep a much steeper angle, where birds tend to rely more on gliding and natural airflow in order to conserve energy, like most small things bumblebees and other insect don't really care about stamina and instead their flight relies almost entirely on creating a pressure difference with their wing movement, which unlike what Kyle said they are actually very efficient at doing. Where a bird could be compared to a plane, insect flight is better compared to a helicopter. If it helps to make sense of their shape you can think of them more like tiny airships, the mental image certainly helps me.

[@thegodlessgamer4252]

they might be efficient however if you look at helicopter style blades for flight you will see that a larger blade is more efficient than a smaller one.

[@RocketDragons]

So Godzilla is a giant, radioactive Bulbasaur?

[@gonzaloherrera6208]

About Drogon, I read an article long ago about how could dragons exist. It mentioned they would need to have some organ able to create or synthesize helium. Helium being lighter than air would help them with flying and would also explain how they could throw fire.

[@chilledandcool3918]

In Ghidorah, they just pronounce the first n last "O" very quickly... From what I've literally heard, the Japanese language does that with their vowels.

[@angellara7040]

And toho later standardized the pronunciation of Ghidorah

[@arthurpendragon8192]

"But [Bee-cause] it does work for their lives...." ahhh the chance of that pun! We love the puns!

[@axe693axe]

You didn't seem so sure about that third one. I guess that's why it's called improvising.

[@Nagria2112]

Bumble bee topic was one of your greatest talks on this channel.

[@jackielinde7568]

Kyle, Kind of disappointed you didn't talk about keeping their size and and dropping their mass and seeing if that was more plausible. After all, birds are light for their size to aid their ability to fly.

[@nathanlamb1984]

Wouldn't that also make them easier to injure though if the materials are still comparable to what we see in nature?

[@ephramwest8368]

The footnotes always remind me that this dude is a really talented entertainer, like watching him come up with his material pretty much on the fly and the way his passion for the material shines through... lemme stop before I ramble, all I know is this G is gonna book gigs for the rest of his natural born life, might fuck around and inherit the throne from Bill Nye. Thank you for your work Kyle.

[@ephramwest8368]

YOOO I JUST WATCHED THE BUMBLEBEE MISEDUCATION PART AND I STAND BY MY COMMENT EVEN MORE NOW

[@seanbaugh3239]

If you think Godzilla's breath is powerful, you should what happens when he farts !!! (radioactive dingleberries) *"NUFF SAID"*

[@seanguthrie9571]

You should look up "The Elephants Foot" from Chernobyl. Looks like an atomic deuce, for sure.

[@oldcowbb]

"An engineer" very important information there

[@stuffums]

You should do a video on the chernobyl meltdown now that the HBO series is #1 rated on imdb

[@joonashannila8751]

Your jokes on Footnotes are way better than your normal episodes. These unpolished jokes are way funnier for many reasons

[@Max_Wong]

Godzilla doesn’t have a nuclear steam breath. It’s an Atomic breath just thought you might want to know so no one else gets mad at you for getting it wrong.

[@GrantBrewer-ki2qm]

What do you think nuclear is?

[@KyriosMirage]

Your theory on Godzilla's atomic breath is well supported by the movies. In the Heisei (80s-90s) series in particular, his heart was described as a nuclear reactor, and freezer weapons were used to immobilize him and keep his power down. He was also frozen in ice a couple times. He's also been described to feed on nuclear materials in multiple movie timelines, so I think your idea is spot on!

[@mattdowds8505]

18:33 "The Ant-ser might shock you!"

[@Leggir]

There are countless things in nature that can't be explained in the quasi-science of evolution (sense of humour for example, or the sheer density of variety). However, thank you for pointing out the rediculousness of the bumblebee statements. Too many people are quick to jump to conclusions about their hypothesis being correct even in the face of overwhelming counter evidence against creationism and evolutionism.

[@kcsupersonic1]

Really shouldn't be thumbing your nose like you did responding to the Bumblebee comments. The whole point was not that the 'Bumblebee' is an example that points to Young Earth Theory, it was just a point that from a physics perspective it should not be able to fly but it does so the Kaiju could fall under a similar 'exception' to the rule. No one was trying to bring it into the realm of a debate, and most Creationists do not even hold to Young Earth Theory. More likely than not, a Creationist will likely hold to Day-Age Creationism, the idea that 'Genesis Account' is not talking about the creation of the universe as a day by day account, but that the 'Days' of the Genesis in reality refer to ages, implying the passage of time. It's honestly kind of offensive to imply that Creationism and Young Earth Theorists are synonymous with one another. That's kind of like saying, "All cats are lions." All lions are cats but not all cats are lions. Yeah, pretty much all Young Earth Theorists are Creationists, but not all Creationists are Young Earthers. The "it's not true, it's never been true," bit is completely dismissive and denies a fundamental tenant of science which is to ask questions.

[@Hirome_Satou]

As an atheist, I agree with you. He came across as quite a bit more hostile than he needed to be to make his point. It was an odd mood shift.

[@kireischonbeau7485]

But from a physics perspective, with better cameras able to see the exact motion of a bee's wings, it SHOULD be able to fly. We know exactly how bees work. Bees are real, they are not magic.

[@chocolat6972]

The kyle atomic breath explanation is almost basically what happened in Shin Godzilla. Godzilla overide is nuclear core, at an instability point and it eject plasma for attacking and in the same time cooling down. And that's the main explanation why Godzilla came from the sea, it need sea water for maintening a normal temp for his nuclear core.

[@roy4173]

I hate the use of the word "perfect" when it comes to determining the quality of something, whether that's in evolution or anything you want to judge. In my experience, "perfect" has always been a relative term. What's perfect for something depending on its situation and environment will be imperfect for something else in a completely different environment. In my eyes, the way bumblebees fly is perfect for what it needs to survive. But rather than call it perfect or imperfect, since things can exist on a gradient, it's better to just call it what it is. Organisms across various different species fly using so many different ways and that's just beautiful. We have much to learn from all of them as evolution has had a long time to come up with all of these creative ways to do so, and each uniquely equipped for the jobs these organisms need. Perfection is dumb and mostly irrelevant and arbitrary. Let's not dwell on it, but let's do science the fuck out of what we do have because it is endlessly beautiful and awe-inspiring and intellectually engaging.

[@daikansanchez7674]

"Perfection" can only be achieved for a moment; everything else is before it is a build-up to that "perfect state", and everything else after is decadence from that "perfect state".

[@roy4173]

@@daikansanchez7674 uh...yes and no. The problem is the metric for what is "perfect" changes from moment to moment and it largely depends on the circumstances regarding that state. I don't think everything decays from a state of perfection, but I do think the goalpost for perfection shifts constantly and it's highly subjective. Could the bumblebee have evolved better aerodynamic flying methods? Yes, but it would come at a cost for other things like body shape and thus affect what kinds of flowers it could pollinate. And what an organism needs to be "perfect" changes wildly depending on perspective so the argument becomes beyond ridiculous. "Bees would be perfect if only they didn't sting me" or "Bees would be perfect if they didn't sport that hideous black and yellow stripe pattern and instead had a more aesthetically pleasing selection of colors" or "Cockroaches could benefit from looking more like puppies and less creepy crawly." Perfection is a meaningless word and an attempt to put a period where no such thing exists.

[@jacobmurawski6433]

the godzilla breath thing makes so much sense now. especially with the charge up he needs time to heat up for it too work

[@JubeiKibagamiFez]

OMG!!!!!! I SAID THAT EXACT THING IN MY REPLY. LOVE YOU KYLE. The crack of a whip, I mean.

[@sreckocuvalo8110]

''Perfect is enemy of good enough'' - Somebody that is not me.

[@sirmorallyincorrect4638]

Bumblebees can’t fly But they can and there’s nothing u can do about it but hate

[@Theinkedanarchist]

The San Diego Padres would disagree.

[@TheDeinonychus]

I forgot the physicist's name, but I remember the statement that 'even a brick can fly if you put enough force behind it' in explaining how some oddly shaped things are able to fly.

[@brandonmoya3322]

Heyo! You did more Godzilla! Niiice

[@famineinfernal1]

I want to talk about how Burning Godzilla freaking works like we all know how but hearing you explain it makes it sound better

[@barrybend7189]

Kyle Falcon MCU and Macross's EX Gear Flight packs feasability episode please.

[@FireFlamberge]

About Quetzalcoatlus flight, you might want to check out a study made of their biomechanics where it’s proposed they (and other pterosaurs) used their incredibly strong chest and arm muscles in a ‘catapult-like’ motion to launch themselves rather than flapping to get off the ground. With the extra speed from that quite effective launch the first part of their flight would’ve required only a couple flaps and let regular lift do the rest.

[@Tekrothebountyhunter]

What a bunch of BS. Haha...I bet you heard that a hundred times!

[@thorin1045]

Changes in atmosphere and Quetzalcoatlus flight: While the density did not changed, the composition did changed, in the late Cretaceous period the O2 level went from around 22% to over 25%, allowing much larger and stronger animals than the current 21%. Add the gliding concept and possibly the largest ones are flightless with just like the today large birds with leftover wings.

[@dantet6612]

For Rodan in the new movie we see he’s basically a living volcano I’m not gonna get into how that could be but we do see his body generating head and fire and such, so what if he’s assisted in flight by a sort of thermal glide but in reverse.

[@Hanmerhack]

They need a spin off show called Because Magic, where that is the answer to every question. It's Magic.

[@Jaebird88]

The explanation into Godzilla's nuclear breath makes a lot of sense given how it's often depicted. Especially if you take into consideration Shin Godzilla's breath, which starts off as fire before becoming hyper-focused into precision laser beams of radiation (presumably).

[@JakkFrost1]

I wondered about the size/weight thing with Godzilla as well, but you can't assume his biology is the same as ours. He has evolved/mutated via nuclear means, he is nourished by nuclear radiation, and even breathes nuclear fire. His skeletal structure (and other biology) is likely at least _enhanced_ by the same means. In other words, we're carbon-based life forms, I believe it would be fair to say he's a uranium-based life-form, and his skeleton is possibly made of depleted uranium. (Not literally, but some evolved derivation of it). (edit) Annnnd then you touched on the nuclear aspect later in the video, but not regarding his size.

[@lightningcat82]

If I remember correctly, the 1998 Godzilla was as large as it could be based on any material strength commonly known at the time. And it was tiny compared to every other version.

[@numatechprototypes222]

hahaha that's a funny image Godzilla coming out of the water onto land then flopping like a fish

[@zuttoaragi8349]

17:00. That would explain why he's so "fat". It's his "water organ" that's holding water for use of his blast. And his dorsal plates lighting up can be him charging the radiation to vaporize the steam.

[@WrensthavAviovus]

To miss-quote hitchhikers guide. "Bumblebees fly in the very same way that airplanes don't.". As a paper airplane expert proved, with a tumbling paper airplane, bumblebees use the same property that makes planes "stall" and just rapidly exploit it. The stalling of planes make them jump up rapidly and then drop. Bees aren't the fastest horizontal fliers but are great hoverers which they need to do to decide on which flowers have not already been pollinated by a previous insect.

[@JdawgMMAblog]

Some of the older Japanese Godzilla reference books suggest that the spikes are where the majority of His radiation is stored. That's why when he wants to use the atomic breath they light up first. The radiation passes through his body to some kind of organ near his stomach, then the atomic breath comes out

[@morrigannibairseach1211]

Hey Kyle. So about the dragon weight and flight ability... I remember it's been proposed that had dragons been real evolved creatures that one way they could have handled the weight issue and done fire breathing would be to have a kind of third lung that fills with methane from digestive decompositional processes. Methane being less dense than air would give it an amount of buoyancy. Not sure how the math would work out but I'm sure that's something you or someone else might enjoy doing. And in case you're wondering how the methane could be lit for flamethrowing: flint gastroliths and an iron protrusion at the roof of the mouth.

[@xyvazkrown8048]

well let's take a look, density of air is 1.225 kg/m^3 and the density of methane is 0.656 kg/m^3 making a buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid displaced (1.225kg *9.8m/s^2) and let's subtract the weight of the fluid replacing it (0.656kg *9.8m/s^2) to get a lift of 5.5762 Newtons per cubic meter. Let's just say that the dragon has the weight of a T-Rex approximately 6000kg and the internal volume of a 747 for passengers 876 cubic meters, then it would offset about 500kg of weight, so about 8.33% lighter and that would look like a blimp carrying a T-Rex. If wing size is linear to weight then this would change his 65 meter wingspan to approximately 60 meters. This is just some off the cuff calculations, but I feel like the lift gained from a methane sac wouldn't cancel out the wing size necessary for these creatures by a reasonable/substantial amount.

[@morrigannibairseach1211]

@@xyvazkrown8048 Thanks for doing the maths! That's pretty cool however I might say that, given that Kyle said that with the weight of Drogon and the biomechanics and physics of wings, that his would need to be larger creating more mass therefore needing more wing creating a feedback loop, that rather than using the calculation to see about shortening the given size of the wings wouldn't it be more apt if thought about if that offset is enough to allow for the wings to stay as they were given and allowing them to create enough force for flying? Thus breaking the feedback loop. Also too bad the T-Rex had hollow bones and thus is probably part of the given weight and not something we can add to further reduce weight.

[@crazylarryjr]

technically lightning does in fact strike twice and more times, depending on number of branches attached to the bolt. If you watch a ground strike slow enough, you see many different strikes in the single lightning strike

[@Magmafrost13]

A couple of points about Quetzalcoatlus's weight and flight. There are a lot of weight estimates out there for them that are *way* too high. As I understand it 250kg is a better estimate than 500kg. And as for how they take off, we've actually got pretty good models for that, where in they push off the ground with their hind limbs and vault themselves into the air using their forelimbs. you can pretty easily find animations of this launch cycle just by googling "pterosaur launch cycle" or something. Obviously we dont know for certain that its what they did, but the model works and it matches fossil trackways (yeah, fossilized bodies arent the only traces of these animals we have), so it seems likely.

[@iminavegetativestatestudio1730]

Kaijus are extremophiles (can withstand extreme environments). They are radioresistant (can withstand high amounts of radiation, as seen in some organisms in Chernobyl) and radiotrophic (also called radiosynthesis, can obtain energy from ionized radiation, found in some radiotrophic fungus in Chernobyl).

[@ThevralLee]

The “bumblebees should not be able to fly” statement probably got popularised by the bee movie tbh lol

[@ShinGodzilla-hc7ru]

The steam explosion connection to the atomic breath was kinda already an explanation for his Atomic Breath and also his atomic breath was never really like fire, it was always like concentrated nuclear energy so hot that it could cause explosions

[@philipfahy9658]

The idea of nuclear powered creatures is super interesting. There are microbes that consume radiation currently, so the idea isn't completely far fetched. Organisms have a couple advantages in this regard actually. Though ionizing radiation is damaging to biology, biological organisms are really wet. This is good because water can shield radiation. Beyond this, organisms regularly cycle water and bodily materials, allowing for a biological half life to aid in removing radioactive material on top of radioactive half life. Maybe they have a circulatory system for this nuclear water that is coated in a metallic substance biologically created.

[@MeAmMelonLord]

About the nuclear powered bit, we have found radiotrophic fungus at Chernobyl that can utilize gamma radiation for energy, though there's a rather sizable difference between an immobile fungus and giant lizards/moths/space dargons/etc

[@koeryn]

About the correction at ~11:50, is also under a weird reversed logic even if the atmoshpheric conditions were as drastically different as suggested. Reduced air density would give flapping wings less air to push against, which would in turn making flying significantly more difficult.

[@JLocke573]

Lol that mini rant about the "according to science bees can't fly" thing and creationism made me laugh

[@Limp_Bizkiteer]

His atomic breath being steam makes a lot of sense actually. Since he feeds off radiation and not food he wouldn't need a stomach. So he could have two Chambers in his body in place of his digestive system. A smaller chamber for nuclear power (small because nuclear power puts out massive amounts of energy so it wouldn't need to be large), and a massive water containment system that would pump water through his system to keep him cool and to cool off his power core (not sure what else to call it). With him being underwater most of the time he stays cool. When he's on land it seems to almost always be raining or in an Arctic environment so he can stay cooler. When he's on land fighting his nuclear core is working harder and getting hotter. So when he's hot enough he could pull water from his body and dump it in to his core to create his atomic steam breath like you said. However, it could explait his fins lighting up as well. They'd most likely be a heat sync to keep him cooler on land. So when he pulls his liquid cooling away from them for his atomic breath they would heat up relatively quickly due to the heat his nuclear core is putting out and light up. The sound could be vibrations coming from the heat energy shaking his fins/heat syncs perhaps? It also explains why he doesn't open with his atomic breath and always saves it for last. At the beginning of a fight he's simplt not hot enough to use it yet.

[@gogroxandurrac]

The bee flying thing was based on the assumption that bees flap their flat wings up and down, similar to chordate flight, but they don't. The mechanics of bee flight are different, being more similar to a helicopter than a glider, making flight possible.

[@hotboydog222]

gas pouch for dragons help them fly also bird bone structure from a doc i watched as a kid

[@idiotdoessanitation9837]

Remember that time Godzilla moved forward using its tail and laying down to kick something I forgot. Godzilla is about 90000 tons, the tail was laying a bit down on the floor but he moved forward he were sliding on the hard ground so ice not counted to it. So tell me how did he manage to do that with one jump. Oh yeah that godzilla im talking about is 50 feet. So his jump took as long as about 3 sec or somewhere there. Godzilla im talking about jump kind of human like but since he is 50 feet who would probally jump as high as 3 meters or 3.5 meters. So you take all of that and sliding to the thing Godzilla wanna hit. The length Godzilla reached his target was around 4 sec or 5 sec 4.5 sec and the length between the target and godzilla was around maybe 3 godzillas laying down so 150 feet away reached target around 3 sec so judt do the math which is 150÷3 will show is how fast godzilla can move per sec and since his tail is on the ground to use as a support kind of, the tail must of been able to atleast carry more than 100000 tons but how mich strength did he use to push himself forward to make him so fast as 150÷3 feet per sec.

[@rgbymnky]

Origin of the ‘what about bumble bees’ is first 10 seconds of bee movie

[@spiderxand]

I further posit that the nuclear weapons of Godzilla are not killing people, from the fallout, is that he is re-absorbing the radioactive material around areas like San Francisco(an atomic warhead went off with 0 fallout) & Boston(where we see in Godzilla 2). He feeds on radiation. So it makes sense he take in the excessive amount. And store it back in his core. Therefore, humans don't die from radiation poisoning in said areas.

[@PsychoTrEx]

Godzilla has two hearts and his bones are made of titanium alloy because of the radiation pulsating inside him

[@Citrakite]

I theorized Godzilla's breath was a cooling mechanism after watching Shin Godzilla. He's basically a walking reactor. Without water to take his excess heat and radiation it builds up and like a runaway reactor it would led to a melt down. So to keep his temperature under control he releases it out through his mouth as his atomic breath.

[@dexis9412]

Regarding the water atomic breath, that would also explain why it’s blue, because of Cherenkov radiation. So it’s perfect in every way

[@TitaniaBird]

So the question must be asked: what about the Red Atomic Spiral breath from the Heisei-era movies?

[@xchronicxblaiz3x]

10:25 "furry chonky" I love that combo of words! LMAO!

[@ruyman90]

That last suggestion sounds very interesting. Heating water to the point that it creates white blueish plasma and then just spitting it out is more believable that concentrating "energy" and shooting a laser.

[@allineedis1mike81]

Also thinner are doesnt make it easier to fly for flappy things because there's less there to flappy with. But It does make it easier to fly for thrusty things because there's less to run into as long as u have the minimum amount of lift from your nonflappy wings.