Koch's Postulates

[@ty_hens]

So straight to the point and informative while providing some assessment on the subject. Literally a perfect tutorial video.

[@cassandrahagerman4361]

Best one I’ve found

[@mymusic7008]

It's really helpful in my studies... Lots of respect from India 🇮🇳

[@christine1401]

Your videos deserve more recognition ma’am. Thank you for this!

[@BiologyProfessor]

Thank you so much!

[@jessicahancock3901]

Thank you very much for this video, it has given me a good understanding of Koch's Postulates.

[@Morrowindur]

Not one of these postulates is satisfied for SARS-CoV 2!

[@joewong6662]

Morrowindur and cOVID-19

[@be_rt]

low key, for none of the "virusses". Virology is dogma.

[@agokllani]

Can’t test it on human via injecting them as it’s unethical but can inject with with vaccines that contain the virus lol

[@gwat34]

@@be_rt This guy gets it. It's sad most don't realize this about germ and viral theory. All dogma, no science.

[@amadeusb4]

You didn't watch this video to the end did you? Try that next time.

[@michaelkwofie150]

I never thought I could understand Koch's postulates until I met you ❤️

[@BiologyProfessor]

I’m glad you found me then! ;)

[@matthewsheats1880]

TY for the clear cut version.

[@mbalixsibiya]

How do we find the bacterium in every case of disease

[@OVERDOSE]

That was amazing! The problems pertaining to the postulates were exactly what I was looking for. Keep up the good work! Cheers,

[@Mariiiam]

THANK YOU PROFESSOR!

[@carlrichieukmusic]

Virus Mania book also explains this well

[@kombuchababy6542]

A virus is an "obligate intercellular PARASITE?" In that case, would anti-parasite drugs be helpful? Or does "parasite" simply describe a mechanism similar to but not the same as an actual parasite?

[@BiologyProfessor]

It’s intracellular (replication inside cells), not intercellular (between cells). And here, we are using the basic definition of a parasite: something that lives in or on its host and steals nutrients from that host, to the benefit of the parasite and the detriment of the host. Anti-parasitic medication‘s are typically not going to work against viruses, because anti-parasitic medications are designed to treat eukaryotic parasites, like protozoans or helminthic worms. Antiviral medications are developed to target viruses specifically.

[@kombuchababy6542]

@@BiologyProfessor Thank you!

[@ohlottie]

It also doesn’t feel ethical to me to purposely inflict animals with disease.

[@jonathanc1084]

Thank you! Great teacher and, on top of that beautiful and charismatic.💌

[@shyama5612]

Wonderful explanation A variation of this for viruses is called Rivers criteria FYI.

[@BiologyProfessor]

Yes, thank you for pointing this out. The work of Rivers is mentioned here: www.nature.com/articles/423240a

[@amberbenton7658]

Thank you for your videos! They are very helpful!!

[@sridharkrishnaswami5221]

Excellent Presentation by the Speaker

[@mohdajaz2703]

I think this Fill in the blanks method is unique and easy to understand.Thank you👍🙏

[@BiologyProfessor]

Thanks! I enjoy teaching this way.

[@StevePhillips]

Finally I understand Koch's postulates in microbiology.

[@BiologyProfessor]

Great! :)

[@wraithdefilerjj1039]

Thanks for the clear explanation! :)

[@BiologyProfessor]

You are welcome!

[@jishnuroy5001]

Thank you mam, for clearing out my doubts.

[@johanatrujillo5521]

Absolutely love your videos.

[@mckenna8663]

What is the point of step 4? If 1-3 are true and done correctly - and if the previously healthy unaffected host gets the disease.... is that not proof enough? What does step 4 prove BEYOND steps 1-3?

[@BiologyProfessor]

It is kind of like a double check to make sure that the bacterium you injected into the host in step 3 really did infect the host and grow and replicate to cause disease.

[@mckenna8663]

Biology Professor ok... thanks I'm really enjoying your Channel. You have helped me understand microbiology quite a bit

[@BiologyProfessor]

Awesome! That's great to hear!

[@faizal3882]

covered everything i needed. thank you

[@hamzawajid805]

Thank you, great job.

[@Katie404x]

Thank you for simplifying it

[@simonmeehan362]

Lovely job! Thank you so much

[@BiologyProfessor]

Thanks :)

[@gearsb.8279]

This video really help me but i got a question, from what i learned, isn't it better to use susceptible animals rather than healthy one since the patient that we got pathogen from might not be in healthy state too??

[@BiologyProfessor]

This is an interesting question. For the purpose of Koch's Postulates, with the goal of proving conclusively that a certain microbe causes a certain disease, it is important to use a healthy animal subject. However, I could accept the argument that, for certain microbes only capable of establishing diseases in an already unhealthy host (one with a weakened immune system, for example), that a more susceptible host with a weaker immune system might be necessary for disease symptoms to appear. This will normally not be the case though. Thanks for asking!

[@stevecarter7612]

Really liked this video it really helped! Thank you! I have a question though - With the problems of Koch's postulates you mentioned meaning it can't be used to establish this casual relationship, is there a newer model that we follow instead? Or is Koch's postulates still used but "with a pinch of salt"?

[@BiologyProfessor]

There are new kinds of evidence, like PCR tests. When thousands of people test positive for a specific sequence of viral DNA, and the transmission chain from person to person can be observed, and treatments for that virus that work in vitro also work in patients, it’s pretty clear what’s going on.

[@BiologyProfessor]

That is misinformation that has been spreading, unfortunately. www.google.com/amp/s/in.mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN24420X

[@MusicMixes100]

@@BiologyProfessor Not completely though, I found an interview of Kary Mullis in which he said that testing with PRC doesnt mean the thing you are testing for made you sick or will hurt you per definition. its just an amplification of molocules, and if you amplicate the right ones often enough you can find almost any common strain of bacteria or virus. Even when those virusses are already dead we still carry "prints" on our genomes and/or DNA. So basically high infection rates depend on how many cycles of amplification you use. So in his words, you cant mis use PCR, you can only interpet it wrong.

[@BiologyProfessor]

It’s true that it could be interpreted incorrectly. That’s why it is only one type of evidence to be used. Using epidemiology to track transmission structure, using animal models to do infection studies, using PCR on people with and without symptoms, etc. all give a fuller picture of Disease.

[@jadelynstevens4760]

This was very helpful thank you!

[@BiologyProfessor]

Glad it was helpful!

[@jordankoch6742]

Thank you for pronouncing my name right

[@BiologyProfessor]

Haha, you're welcome. :)

[@louiedoesit]

Amazing information.. thank you

[@NatalieWanGG]

Why should we isolate the bacteria from the host?

[@gmw405]

Does this not relate to virus then since virus is not bacteria ?

[@BiologyProfessor]

This does not apply to viruses. Koch developer these postulates before the discovery of viruses. Viruses cannot be grown in pure culture.

[@stevebilliter]

@@BiologyProfessor They put Vero cells and an antibiotic in the purification process and faked finding CV 19--viruses cannot grow in culture because none exist. kzbin.info/www/bejne/f6DcqIGGjaaBn5Y Andrew Kaufman M.D. - The Rooster in the River of Rats - Koch's Postulates (35 min) He shows exactly how the pandemic got started and brings the details of the studies out to view and reveals the fraud.

[@Lifescience7cPGp]

Thank you ma'am

[@BiologyProfessor]

You are welcome

[@joreemmcmillan7145]

Nicely explained, thanks.😄

[@SagrikaOberoi]

Loved your lecture ..love from india 😊❤

[@MarykMakwelele]

Impressed ❤

[@rockysidhu2510]

Splendid video for learning

[@syednizba7577]

Thank you so much... U helped me a lot through this explanation.. Tqq

[@janpowell7536]

They need to do this for Covid 19 to prove what it is and if it exists

[@matafiyd]

Is this for bacteria only or virus’s and bacteria?

[@BiologyProfessor]

Any pathogen, though some (like viruses) can’t be grown in pure culture. Koch didn’t know about viruses when he developed his Postulates.

[@stevebilliter]

@@BiologyProfessor You can also use Rivers modifications from 1937, which has overlap with Koch's. There is no proof that any virus has been isolated--that has to be done, because a virus us still a pathogen if it exists at all--I see no proof that any virus exists--nor any proof of contagion--where's the studies? It appears that Pasteur's germ theory is incorrect, and terrain theory is correct.

[@sandeepsahu8090]

Excellent ma'am

[@Ramzalazma]

Your helpful thnks 😊

[@patriciadisney8371]

Thanks, great video!

[@kobemofid3960]

Thank you very much but I want to know some of the pathogens that can infect humans but not animals ?

[@BiologyProfessor]

Bordetella pertussis is an example of a bacterium that only affects humans not animals. HIV is an example of a virus that only affects humans.

[@FeFabregas]

@@BiologyProfessor So How can we prove HIV causes AIDS? Is there any postulate better than Koch's?

[@ernie8497]

Hi Dr. Whitney, is there anyway to contrast Koch’s postulates with the microbial damage and host response framework?

[@parasdev4478]

Thanks a lot...😊😊

[@sridharkrishnaswami5221]

Very Easy to learn

[@MOH-hw2fl]

Thank you so much 👍

[@marydulay5651]

Hoping all discussions would be this Short but detailed 😊😊 thanks for the video 'twas a big help

[@BiologyProfessor]

You are welcome! I try to keep it short and sweet. ✅

[@jeannette_guerrero]

The volume is so incredibly low

[@BiologyProfessor]

I've updated my recording equipment since this video was made; my new videos are much better sound.

[@jacobhenson6360]

Jeannette S turn it up then

[@johnparadise3134]

Are these four criteria still valid today? They were first established in the 1800s? I bet they are, but I’m just asking.

[@BiologyProfessor]

I go over some of the problems and caveats, starting at 4:04

[@johnparadise3134]

Does this apply to viruses as well as bacteria?

[@tioh2001]

She answers this near the end of the video...and the answer is no.

[@naveedahmad4498]

Your teaching method so easy 👉 💪

[@muhammedhisham9016]

Helped a lot

[@martingasper8860]

Thanks U❤️

[@Maremare680]

Your videos are very good, sadly, the volumen is always low.

[@bzippo]

thanks this helped me with my homework

[@swapnilrokade229]

Thank you mam🤞

[@BiologyProfessor]

Most welcome 😊

[@Ja.8.7]

Thank u ms

[@lailamohd9267]

The volume is extremely low, other than that this video helped me a lot .

[@BiologyProfessor]

I've updated my recording equipment since this video was made; my new videos are much better sound.

[@iammynameischris7228]

you had a strong start , . .

[@harshpise3395]

Thanks mam...

[@AsifAsif-yw5sh]

Nice and good

[@NFLbeatster]

Mark and Scott Kelly along with Aaron Rodgers are at the center of this all. And Adam Scott was cast on Severance because of the name disguise... As for COVID, that's Aaron Rodgers' middle name

[@abhihepat848]

Which country?

[@knowledgebone109]

nice informative video

[@sandisonkosi9835]

thanks

[@user-ip9lw8wq4o]

😍😍beauty with brain

[@BiologyProfessor]

Thanks :)

[@user-ip9lw8wq4o]

@@BiologyProfessor always welcome 🥰keep uploading such kind of vedios

[@MrLaughs4you]

is it ethical to do step number 3 to people who are on death row

[@BiologyProfessor]

I suppose it would depend on whom you ask.

[@americanbee]

Not in every situation this can be done! It was considered before, but not now. For ex they don't experiment with syphilis

[@Hip-Gnosis1134]

But but but..... covid-19 is special!

[@somethingstrange7184]

Well yeah it’s a virus not a bacteria

[@jeneway1]

It's a pathogen so this would still apply

[@baghiballsakh82]

Well, covid 19 is a disease, and the virus that causes covid 19 is called SARS-CoV-2. @@jeneway1 Viruses won't replicate in pure culture so this particular process wouldn't apply.

[@feat.shanika]

Who else is here before the exam

[@BiologyProfessor]

Hope it went well!

[@rajdeepdas3211]

❤️

[@mistful808]

i can't hear anything. i could be going deaf

[@han708]

Roses are red, violets are blue, I have biology and so do you

[@rubycastillo6655]

Who's here for Professor Ndeta Microbiology class? University of Rio Grande Valley? lol

[@2NDFLB]

* What's your favorite color ? *

[@sridharkrishnaswami5221]

Cheer up Madam

[@tahirtantary7438]

Nice ...love u madam

[@klarageist413]

Please in German Translation

[@livelylemongrass]

it's also unethical to inject animals with pathogens

[@BiologyProfessor]

Some people would agree with you, others would not. It is kind of a gray area, I suppose. Thanks for commenting!

[@pandorasmind4735]

It is not Really.... it is unethical to inject a patient something without taking consent or giving them enough info about the injection. it is unethical to talk about patients privacy outside the working premise. but it is not unethical to inject an animal with pathogens in my eyes, because first of all, it does not the brain capacity or self consciousnesses to be aware of what is actually happening. You might argue, "But what if there is a human in a coma, they dont have the brain Capacity or self Consciousness". And to that is say, but that is not the default state of a normal human beings. Humans are classified as Animals but we are the superior to other Animals due to our Brain, and we cannot treat both the same. Therefore, we do have to respect a human's decision and privacy, and we should not treat animals in the same way. I do agree that animal testing is bad, but that is "Empathy" and not "Ethics". Ethics is simply a set of rules that separates the right from the wrong. And animal testing according to Ethics is not wrong if you really thing about it.

[@SonOfJ]

Funnily enough, all of these pronunciations are wrong, but don't bother trying to pronounce it right cause it's a germanic sound which is way too hard to pronounce for English speakers. Same as van Gogh, it's simply too weird of a sound for people who don't speak a germanic language.

[@BiologyProfessor]

Fair enough. I did my best. :)

[@SonOfJ]

@@BiologyProfessor Exactly, and that's what counts!

[@BiologyProfessor]

Yes :)

[@sridharkrishnaswami5221]

German Mictobiologist

[@alexanderpadalka5708]

🗽

[@globo_majordomo]

Uhhhh.. COVID?????????????????????!!!!!!!!!!

[@BiologyProfessor]

auckland.ac.nz/en/news/2020/11/16/kochs-postulates-covid-and-misinformation-rabbit-holes.html

[@berfindogan8780]

Valla çok haksızlık hiçbir yerde Türkçe yok ,koch postulati

[@BiologyProfessor]

Very sorry, but I do not speak Turkish.

[@onefromtheotherside]

owwo. you are cute!

[@moderngames3837]

I love u mam .u are so so cute

[@omkardole1395]

WATED MY TIME.... USELESS

[@Hip-Gnosis1134]

How so? Literally explains what Koch’s postulates is and how to apply it. Maybe rewatch?

[@virtuality400]

can you make a video on the limitation of koch postulates 🥹😭

[@BiologyProfessor]

I discuss the limitations in this video you commented on, starting about 4:05.

[@budo972]

volume is too low

[@joselynsalabsab6827]

Thanks

[@BiologyProfessor]

No problem :)