Transgenic bacteria I biotechnology I CH#23 I Lec# 9I F.SC. Biology I Class 12

#chapter23 #class12biology #F.sc.biology #chapter23biotecnology
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Transgenic Bacteria.
Bioreactors.
Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce bacteria that reproduce in large
vats called bioreactors.
Transgenic Products.
If the foreign gene is replicated and actively expressed, a large amount of protein
product can be obtained. Biotechnology products produced by bacteria, such as
insulin, human growth hormone, tissue plasminogen activator, haemophilia factor Vm,
and hepatitis B vaccine are now in the market.
Improve Health of plants.
Transgenic bacteria have been produced to promote health of plants for example,
Frost Minus bacteria.
Bacteria that normally live on plants and encourage the formation of ice crystals
have been changed from frost - plus to frost - minus bacteria.
Insect toxins.
Also, a bacterium that normally colonizes the roots of com plants has now been
endowed with genes (from another bacterium) that code for an insect toxin. The
toxin protects the roots from insects.
Degradation of Substances.
Bacteria can be selected for their ability to degrade a particular substance and then
this ability can be enhanced by genetic engineering. For instance, naturally occurring
bacteria may be engineered to do an even better job of cleaning up beaches after oil
spills.
Biofilterations.
Industry has found that bacteria can be used as biofilters to prevent airborne
chemical pollutants from being vented into the air. They can also remove sulfur from
coal before it is burned and help to clean up toxic waste dumps.
Suicidal Genes. One such strain was given genes that allowed it to clean up
levels of toxins that would have killed other strains. Further, these bacteria were
given “suicide” genes that caused them to self-destruct when the job had been
accomplished.
Synthesis of organic chemicals.
Organic chemicals are often synthesized by having catalysts act on precursor molecules
or by using bacteria to carry out the synthesis. Today, it is possible to go one-step
further and to manipulate the genes that code for these enzymes.
NutraSweet synthesis. , Biochemists discovered a strain of bacteria that
is especially good at producing phenylalanine; an organic chemical needed to make
aspartame, the dipeptide sweetener better known as NutraSweet. They isolated,
altered and formed a vector for the appropriate genes so that various bacteria could
be genetically engineered to produce phenylalanine.
In Mining Industries.
Many major mining companies already use bacteria to obtain various metals. Genetic
engineering may enhance the ability of bacteria to extract copper, uranium and gold
from low-grade sources. Some mining companies are testing genetically engineered
organisms that have improved bioleaching capabilities.

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Ameen

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