Bird Migration in Hindi II B. Sc. & M. Sc. II Zoology

Bird Migration is a regular, periodic and two-way movement of population from a breeding or nesting place to feeding or resting place and back.
Types Of Migration:
-Altitudinal migration or vertical migration: violet green swallows, willow ptarmigan, grebes and coots etc.
-Latitudinal migration: American golden plover, cuckoo and many birds of Siberia
-Longitudinal migration: Starling, Californian gulls etc.
-Total migration: Arctic tern
-Partial migration: Blue jays, Songthrush, finches, spoonbills etc.
-Diurnal migration: crows, robins, hawks, cranes, geese etc.
-Nocturnal migration: sparrows, warblers etc.
-Daily migration: crows, mynas etc.
-Seasonal migration: swifts, swallows, cuckoos, snow bunting, redwing etc.
-Vagrant or irregular migration: Herons, blackstork, spotted eagle, bee eater etc.
Purpose for bird migration:
-To locate optimizing availability of food sources
-For suitable or favorable climatic conditions
-To locate breeding habitats
Causes of bird migration:
-Ripening of gonads
-Instinct
-Scarcity of food
-Hostile temperature
-Day length
-Photoperiodism
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