Bodies and Dollars: Crash Course History of Science #41

[@kimberlyw2591]

Just finished The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks and the amount she and her family went through is ridiculous. Glad she is getting some recognition but wish some the millions made off her cells would go to her family. Side note, GMO foods are quite literally some of the best fruits of science and I'm at the point where I grit my teeth a bit every time I see stickers bragging that they're non-GMO

[@Parcolai]

I knew that Rolling Stones song "Mother's Little Helper" was talking about drugs. I didn't know it was talking about a specific drug. I guess everybody at the time were in on the joke.

[@willemvandebeek]

Thank you, Henrietta Lacks!

[@TorBarstad]

Yes, too bad she didn't get to know of all the people that were helped thanks of her. Also a big thank you to George Otto Gey.

[@Adaginy]

"people didn't have these problems in my day! We were tough and we dealt with things!" "5% of all americans were on miltown by the late 1950s" ... SURE GRANDPA WHATEVER.

[@adenpower249]

OK boomer

[@ashutoshmaharana6524]

I had my biology final today. The fourth question was, 'What is the name of the scientist who cloned a sheep named Dolly?' Why couldnt you release this video earlier?!

[@JH-fk8ow]

stupid question for biology class, that is history not biology

[@abramthiessen8749]

It is true that most GMOs are not nutritionally modified, but golden rice and other nutritional GMOs do exist.

[@BeCurieUs]

I just want my non-browning apples, stat!

[@shahriariftekhar2558]

please make a course on international law, ethics,human rights

[@hiiamkatharina8884]

Just discovered this channel a while ago, I know I’m late to the whole KZbin thing haha. I love these videos! Been binge watching many of them, thanks you! There must be a lot of work going into videos like this but they’re soooo good!

[@crashcourse]

Thank you so much!!!! And welcome! :) - Nick J.

[@tomlobur111]

welcome to the paaaarteeey!

[@hiiamkatharina8884]

ttothelow thank youuu so happy to be here haha

[@RangerRuby]

Ahh! Crash Course History of Science! Where Science and History Meet!

[@charleschina362]

😍😘😂😂😂😂😂

[@joshuaadams8240]

Hooda thought? Love it!

[@krishonk7754]

The captions are off time on this one. Thank you for this series!

[@theghostofchristmaspast293]

Great work crash course, love biotechnology.

[@user-vn7ce5ig1z]

You'd think a solution to prevent others from profiting from your body is to simply not provide consent, but that doesn't work. If you need a surgery or some other medical procedure, you'll have to sign a waiver that includes a part about granting them ownership of anything they take from you during it. If you don't sign, you don't get the procedure. It's like how companies have EULAs that grant them sweeping rights and if you don't accept it, you don't get to use it at all. 😒

[@randizzle7659]

Thanks to you and your channel I have been able to teach students for years in exciting and dynamic ways. Thank you for what you do.

[@ainiebaldecasa8800]

Brain science took off, and several researchers found, starting with animal models, that treating brains with different chemicals could affect mood and behaviour. Thorazine is an antipsychotic. It reduced the need for electroconvulsive treatment. It still used today. Meprobamate or ‘minor tranquilizers’- nowadays called anti-anxiety medications. The cell with other researchers, and the cell line hela became the most important cell line in biomedical research and remains so today.

[@Ngamotu83]

7:30 Odd place for a tardigrade to pop up, but what the hell.

[@xplinux22]

@@adpirtle I see what you did there. 🙃

[@TorBarstad]

If cells that came from my body, taken from me more or less as easily as picking up a discarded toenail, could save lots of lives, then not making use of it would be immoral. Presumably it was tried on white and black patients alike, and comparing it to slavery is pretty ridiculous.

[@kimberlyw2591]

It was tried on white patients as well, but the poor and very predominantly black population at John Hopkins (black people were often refused at other hospitals regardless of income then) were not asked or informed. Henrietta was only a couple generations removed from slavery. It is particularly shameful that the scientist who cultured her cells (though the standard practice of consent for the time he followed was not good) gave the cultures away and seemed to do all the work for the good of science and society... but many of those who took the cells from him were out for profit and billions have been made since while her descendants have been unable to afford health insurance to buy drugs her cells developed. You have to admit there's a lot of pretty appalling irony in that.

[@kimberlyw2591]

@Joséphe that is one reason consent standards were more lax with tissue research back in the day; we didn't have DNA figured out so no one had an inkling that tissue data might have the information of who it came from embedded in it already

[@TorBarstad]

@@kimberlyw2591 There is a huge difference in my mind between something good happening because of work you did or sacrifices you made, and something happening because of circumstances in which you were involved. Scientists who worked on this stuff worked to make this happen. People whoms discarded cells were used for this kind of research back then, sacrificed nothing IMO. Do they still deserve credit? The way I see it that's debatable, and I could see people landing on either side of that question - but I definitely see it as very, very different from working to find a cure. Like, if my discarded cells could save lots of lives at no cost to myself, and I was asked to allow this and said no, I'd be immoral at no personal gain. I guess that if I was asked and said yes I'd deserve some credit for not being immoral at no personal gain. But no, I don't feel oh so sorry - like we should atone - that some people weren't given to the opportunity to let lots of people die for no good reason. I guess privacy issues relating to DNA that we're aware of today complicate things somewhat / a bit. And I guess that in other ways my comment also lacks nuance (I'd need to write a much longer comment if I wanted to avoid that). But hopefully it gets across some of why I feel this thing is blown out of proportion.

[@TorBarstad]

@Joséphe "Naturally, I'd agree to contribute my genetic or medical information to an altruistic cause, but still, it's a slippery slope if there is no oversight nor patient input involved." That is a good point. But I'd say that letting lots of people die due to bureaucratic reasons (reasons not having to do with anyone being hurt/inconvenienced/etc) also could be seen as a slippery slope. It can contribute to a culture of weighting symbolic concerns peoples actual suffering and actual lives.

[@TorBarstad]

Hank is oh so sorry that consent was not asked. I wonder, in Hanks ideal world, how would the suffering and dying of say a million people be weighed up against discarded cells from a person being used without consent? And I also wonder: if the person the cells belonged to was white, would he then be more open to common sense? Remember that Henrietta Lacks is not ignored because she was a black women - rather it's the other way around. If she was white none of us would know her name, and presumably none of us would care.

[@zacharycrank6606]

No tranquilizers in my vodka? You never let me have any fun, dad!

[@orangecamo1]

This series is great. Is there a list of resources for what is discussed, or a work cited for the videos? I am wanting to incorporate some of these into my environmental science courses.

[@fonzymaningat2324]

HAPPY 1-YEAR ANNIVERSARY!!! Crash Course History of Science.

[@leaf4267]

Very clear voice

[@WhdibAoqj]

Thank you professor ❤

[@gardenhead92]

"Genetically modified organisms foods" rolls right off the tongue

[@rutythegames]

There are so many things people could do with genetic modification like curing diseases, making animal people, and making better foods

[@mjk506]

Given the rapidly changing nature of the world and climate, it seems a given that GM foods will play a key role in supporting humans in the future but as a Brit I've noticed a fair amount of hostility towards GM crops over in the USA, given that they'd have to be approved as safe by I am presuming the FDA, why are people hesitent towards them?

[@mjk506]

@Luis Elías Díaz ah yes the monoculture point is something I hadn't really considered, couldn't we make several variants of those gmo crops in order to try and mitigate that? Gaining the benefit whilst also removing some of the risks of crop loss?

[@friendcomputer5276]

Successfull propaganda by scientifily illiterate buisybodies

[@genessab]

mjk506 a specific gmo company has some bad business practices like parenting genomes and banning cross breeding of seeds with farmers (which is extremely difficult), which has been hard on farmers. But the majority of the anti gmo movement have just been people overly paranoid about the ‘naturalness’ of their food or whatever. Scientific illiteracy.

[@manuelsputnik]

While I concur with the other comments in this thread, I invite you think about it in comparison to something like the anti-vaccination movement: A lot of misinformation and pseudoscience that leads to fearmongering bleeding into popular culture.

[@Garland41]

Ummm... perhaps it was my professor, but I recall vividly in my College biology class that we differentiated between GMOs and Genetically Engineered Organisms (I don't know if GEO would be a proper acronym so I go with what I have said). Basically, the reason my professor did this was to point out the difference between taking a line of genetic code from a bacterial equivalent which had the properties wanted for the plant, i.e., to genetically engineer it, and Genetically Modifying it. Because accordingly and dependent on our definition and inclusivity of Modify, we can include the entire history of agriculture under the heading of GMOs. This is to say, that simply choosing where to plant the plant counts under this modification. This is further to say that Genetic Engineer is merely a subsection of Genetically Modifying and not it in its entirety, and that other things like pollination, irrigation, and pest control counts as Genetically Modifying the Organism which does not involved the technological aspect of DNA splicing. The reason I mention this is because it seems disingenuous otherwise, that is, if this is the history of science, then you miss the historical agriculture that is the section underneath of which genetic engineering is merely a subsection. In another way, there is this craze for Organically grown food, but that would merely mean to grow it without the genetic engineering or the use of pesticides which would mean that whoever is planting the crops would be choosing where to plant the food and providing other nutrients to the food, or if we consider artificial to mean an arrangement by human hands, then the food that we grow is still done in an artificial manner.

[@chancekahle2214]

Political pedantry has no place in science. Everyone understands what the "organic" baseline of human agriculture was, and everyone knows what is meant by the term "GMO."

[@BaldingClamydia]

@@chancekahle2214 that's not entirely true. As a matter of fact, part of the reason we have so many people scared of GMO's is because **they** don't know what it really means.

[@manuelsputnik]

I think that's an important distinction to make. Many people don't understand that we've been genetically modifying our crops for thousands of years.

[@sittiealyzahespinola9303]

Science do open our mind that science is not only a subject but also a medicine. Drugs is known for its bad causes but usually in medicine, drug is the main ingredients that can cure some illness but overdosing it may cause brain damage.

[@arjhondelantarmarquez3066]

The funding for science can come from two sources, private funds (from companies and foundations) or public funds, which can come from a number of different government agencies. ... This is largely because a portion of the funds from the government go directly to the school.

[@antonia6435]

PLEASEEEE I NEED CRASH COURSE ANTHROPOLOGY!!!!!!!!

[@camiloiribarren1450]

Yup! Keep up the learning! Love this channel. Also, good to know about big pharma

[@pillbobaggins2766]

can you do a video on Miltown? i wanted to learn more about it when i heard about it but couldn't find videos

[@jeamilainidal714]

When we say drugs, we always think it as negative, but watching this video made me realize that not all are weird or not that so good drugs. There are some drugs that is beneficial to us, just like what the video said it helps us in many ways. But ofcourse i think if it will going to abuse this & make it in bad way then there is no doubt that it will worsen us. All of us must use it in a helpful or advantageous to our health not just for our insights pleasure like what's our main problem today. & everything must be in moderation.

[@naipahmamao3988]

Science started from wondering why to something profitable. I would always admire the thought that all of the things we know now came from scientific method. This made us understand and make things more simple. But what I love the most in Science is that we seek knowledge for the sake of knowledge. This chapter however, makes me rethink the way I view the process of Science. There is no denying that we are already doing it for the sake of wealth. I missed the time when people do it because they are curious, because they want to know. Presocratics, Plato and Aristotle, Islamicate Science, etc. those are what I consider the noble time of Science. Although most of the Scientist during these time were chased down by religious states because of their knowledge at least they were not being chased down by money just for them to make knowledge. In vitro fertilization, cloning, and other new method of creating life; I don’t think I would like them. These are the scientific experiments that I consider creepy. No matter how sophisticated and “advanced” the processes are in doing this, I would never want to do it. God forbids!

[@fatmahsumayyahlangco7971]

Yes, we study sciences for sake knowledge, but because of greediness some people studying science for wealth and fame without considering the consequences. What a shameful sake knowledge.

[@norhaifahbanyamen4560]

For me, It's okay if they seek knowledge to have profit beacuse we, students seek knowledge in order for us to work and to earn money in the future. Many of women depressed beacuse they are just staying for whole day and night at home, the people surround us didn't respect them and they didn't has right. If i were them i'll be depres too. How sad the women's life before.

[@rapski1848]

Science was a step up for humanity. Because of it, many were invented including drugs or medicines that can treat diseases of sick people. However, people tend to get attracted to money and this can be dangerous for everyone. One shouldn't let anyone take even just a cell out of his body without enough knowledge of the medical procedure and result.

[@markrayparcutilo5329]

The cloning idea was fantastic how scientist successfully clone a sheep named dolly. Injecting the DNA of the original animal to another cell which then fertilizes and will be born perfectly clone to the other animal. Scientists wonder if this method will be applicable to human but because it is prohibited, it is not tested yet. If I am asked to clone myself through that method, I will agree in order to contribute to science in the field of cloning. Hihihi

[@halohalo6300]

Science helped us gain lots of knowledge and discover things. It helped us really huge in our way of living, especially it is very useful as medicine is part of it which is a very helpful knowledge that the some people should know. But, it became business, for me becoming it as profitable way to earn is not really a bad thing but there are some just are overboard with it just like the dosage of drugs, too much would be bad.

[@burrito9466]

OHMAGOSH my bio-nerd self is jumping with joy!!

[@CMichaelEH]

I mean, no one was consented for the use of their discarded tissues at the time, and plenty of similar stories could (and have, though with less fanfare) been told about people of all races and genders. This wasn't about race or gender. It was just about consent-taking practices. What harms, in any case, were actually incurred?

[@CMichaelEH]

@4one14 clearly not disagreeing that that did and does still happen. This is just not evidence of it.

[@markrayparcutilo5329]

The cloning idea was fantastic how scientist successfully clone a sheep named dolly. Injecting the DNA of the original animal to another cell which then fertilizes and will be born perfectly clone to the other animal. Scientists wonder if this method will be applicable to human but because it is prohibited, it is not tested yet. If I am asked to clone myself through that method, I will agree in order to contribute to science in the field of cloning. Hihihi

[@unleashingpotential-psycho9433]

Love this video 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥

[@hannahc3317]

Every continent? Even Antartica?

[@niajeon6107]

I've never tried any of the drugs mentioned in the video but seeing its effectiveness to people who tried it, then maybe it's a good thing. It's amazing how these small cells from our bodies can be sold to millions of dollars. Well it's understandable knowing that these kind of cells help a lot of problems regarding about human health. I just hope that the money that they'll make would be used for good purposes like further research and not for evil deeds. I'm just saddened at the fact that the person who contributed a lot to this project didn't receive any reward and wasn't informed that her tissue samples were being experimented. I can't imagine what the family felt during that time. Truly inhumane. I just hope that this won't happen again to anyone.

[@wafah6985]

Look how powerful science is. Scientists were able to make drugs to treat disorder or illness, clone animal, IVF, and were able to genetically modify an organism and produces food, plant, animals, etc. that do not occur in nature or crossbreeding method. Their way of sciencing have neglect morality. In the video, they acquire cell from a black American without her consent. It infuriate me that just for greed and money they do this kind of thing.

[@sket4ket47]

What do you mean by "tranquilizers"? Benzodiazepines?

[@Lucas-ik3rf]

Benzedrine is being confused here with benzodiazepines ******

[@PennyDreadful1]

It's an Amphetamine.....ooops....

[@danielbickford3458]

I wonder what the white supremacist think of the fact that their lives are saved Time and Time Again by the biology of a black woman Henrietta Lacks may your memory be a blessing

[@gardenhead92]

That's kind of a weird way to put it. Lives are saved through the combined efforts of countless doctors and medical researchers. With all due respect to Mrs. Lacks, you can't really say that she (or *any* one person) saved a specific life.

[@culwin]

@@gardenhead92 That's a good point. There are lots of black people who also contributed and still contribute to the saving of lives. Good observation.

[@manuelsputnik]

That's hilarious to think about.

[@geoffreywinn4031]

Educational!

[@orion10x10]

Amazing!

[@MrsCyImsofly]

That's right Hank! Tell the truth and shame the devil!

[@MrsCyImsofly]

A mythological construct of the embodiment of evil that allows people to assign responsibility for their actions to an outside force 👩🏽‍🏫 is that what you're looking for?

[@MrsCyImsofly]

@DurexDurpaneu2 you are correct I don't have any balls just chesticles 🤷🏽‍♀️ do those count?

[@AvgJane19]

@DurexDurpaneu2 dude, it's a common saying... you're doing too much

[@genessab]

DurexDurpaneu2 I cringed so hard at you ooooof man calm yourself you don’t gotta harass women online because they said a word that signifies a mythological concept you don’t like like damn

[@adwitiyadhiman6010]

what of biopiracy

[@pritychoudhary2372]

Much needed info.

[@ZnyperXGaming]

I love this

[@gibranhenriquedesouza2843]

Now we must create the photosynthetic humans from Sidonia to reduce food consumption.

[@sittiesohaylahadjitaher7997]

This is so cool. 😎 Crash Course helps us a lot in understanding the Science more. Thank you Crash Course! 😇 Meprobamate--marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others--is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug.

[@thomasturner6980]

U forgot to mention oil in the title

[@damonaxel1987]

Fortunately science is very beneficialto us in alot of ways. Just like for example, without medical science, most of us would be dead by our forties. There are countless reasons why medical science helps the human race and helps to prevent illness and prolong our lifespan. People are living much healthier and happier lives because of breakthroughs in medicine and science in the pastfew decades. But science may harm us if ever people used it in an evil and abusive manner for the sake of greed.

[@dolvana]

Nice!

[@ythehunter755]

That moment when GMO science clashes with the beliefs of the general audience here, so Hank decides to just talk around the issue without taking a stance. It's easy here to call out racism and sexism, but it is a shame you don't also tell the science when it won't go down easy.

[@manuelsputnik]

I very much dislike how he mentions the whole controversy around GMOs in passing by telling their audience the issue is not the "how" (which is what was explained in previous videos) but the "why"... and then changes the topic to something else without addressing this claim! While it may be true that a lot of research regarding the long-term effects of transgenic foods is quite difficult to study, not taking a hard stance just enables conspiracy theorists who believe in all sorts of nutritional pseudoscience and are convinced their food is somehow killing them or whatever other fearmongering they want to advertise. The writers are so clearly millennials from the west coast who are so against taking a stance to the popular culture that surrounds them. GMOs and other issues concerning biotechnology will likely be key to us in the near future, so not stomping down and debunking the flawed beliefs people have about these subjects simply gives them justification to spread more misinformation on to the general public where it can have a real effect on society. Who would think it logical to not cut down on food costs or land use in a society with a world population that’s growing exponentially? We need to optimize crop production to tackle that, and to do that we will need GMOs. Meanwhile, “GMO-free” and “organically grown” are slowly becoming marketing slogans for companies in America to sell products with jacked-up costs They can talk about social issues like feminism or racial prejudice, sure. However, addressing social issues related to science should come first. This misattribution of priorities leads me to think that Crash Course only wants to play it safe by pandering to the audience rather than spreading a message. It doesn't feel like they care.

[@carlosreeves5074]

Well I made it close

[@sceptre1067]

starlink?

[@stopmymotion3807]

Hello

[@AnjolaoluwaAwe]

Where are my fellow science geeks at?

[@devlinmcguire7543]

Hi there. How are you today? Do well.

[@randommemes4788]

❤❤❤

[@tompatterson1548]

Lax's family should just be getting monetary compensation for all discoveries and money made off of said discoveries.

[@JohnnyLodge2]

I guess you’re really going to ignore le maitre and the origins of the universe

[@andlabs]

There is Crash Course Astronomy which covers the origins of the universe in more detail than this series likely will be able to, and also the Why The Big Bang Definitely Happened episode of sister show PBS Space Time if you want a technical explanation.

[@JohnnyLodge2]

@@andlabs yeah, but it's one of the most important theories in the history of science and not only do they misname LeMaitre's theory if Prinordial Atom into the derogatory "big bang" but they're attempting to erase him from history all together

[@genessab]

JohnnyLodge2 oml

[@Languslangus]

North Korea should clone a human.

[@joryjones6808]

I think China beat them to it

[@Languslangus]

@@joryjones6808 sauce?

[@theradarguy]

Why don't you produce a video on why the FDA has refused to weigh in on the medical benefits of marijuana?

[@corncolonel9171]

Does anybody else not want people not to use Crispr on other people?

[@poab]

That table must have 1 leg since it wobble so much.

[@eldersprig]

Man that there Anthrax bomb sure did end WW2 with a bang. :) wrong universe? oh well.

[@joshstead6078]

It's controversial but I believe that taking those cells and distributing them was exactly moral. Among permission and giving them the chance to say no is wrong. The patient loses exactly NOTHING. It does not affect them in any way at all, but potentially saves millions of lives.

[@farhanahmed2508]

1151th :)

[@sleeper_san619]

"Banned in most countries."

Not all countries ?

[@sleeper_san619]

@ I'm implying that my evil country, "America," has been doing anything & everything in its power, good or bad, humane or not, to get even the slightest edge. Do your own research, but be warned, you won't like what you find.

[@sleeper_san619]

@@FlamingBasketballClub I quoted him at the end.

[@manuelsputnik]

@@sleeper_san619 You're very woke, kid. Will you open my eyes to your conspiracy theories, too?

[@sleeper_san619]

@@manuelsputnik you obviously have a micropenis. So sorry for your loss.

[@jeanrenetournecuillert2449]

why puttig politics in to science " it did not stop patriarchy" ?

[@deusiix7864]

They can clone sheep's but I can clone this 100 dollar bill... this is bs

[@sundedaughrity6437]

first

[@mickmickymick6927]

Some serious horseshit there regarding GMOs, Hank doesn't go into the science at all, or the controversies or the two sides, he just heavily implies that evil corporations are someone acting badly and making money in an unethical way, without actually mentioning anything wrong they've done, I'm guessing the science didn't agree with his ideology on the matter.

[@pacatrue]

I got the impression he was defending GMOs largely, suggesting people have reacted to them without understanding them. Mentioning it's a major business doesn't mean he's condemning it. (He doesn't write the scripts, by the way, according to the credits.)

[@genessab]

Mick Mickymick he gave a pretty comprehensive overview of the history. This isn’t a show about gmo, it’s a show about the history of science.

[@SunriseFireberry]

Dolly the cloned sheep. Uhh no. Humans & animals should have the right not to be cloned, in perpetuity.

[@peloken9793]

Tell that to Duncan Idaho

[@SunriseFireberry]

@@peloken9793 f i c t i o n

[@Painted-Coyote]

You're funny

[@Josh-ht8qw]

Dude Uncool

[@elizabethCorkins83]

Hi