Bolt Actions: 101

[@Candrsenal]

Some have been concerned about the length of this episode. I just want to remind everyone that we had to keep it this short to make it accessible to new viewers. Sometimes you have to be concise over being complete.

[@cia7832]

gg

[@b1laxson]

Normal youtube 10 min. CnR bolt actions 159 min. CnR apologizes for making it short. :-) Some topics are long topics. Thats why I watch your 1 hour about-gun videos.

[@MostlyJace]

Only 2 and a half hours. Complete disappointment. Will not be able to satisfy my 20th century weapon itch today. Have my likes Sir.

[@AAX11111]

>Not 40 hours with hundreds of lovely animations by Bruno. Son am disappoint. Also, wow Bruno has redder hair than me and im Irish. Edit: Hurrucane looks mean. Get outta there mang.

[@Thebluebridgetroll]

Stay safe guys!

[@sordiddreams9216]

"The numbers show people aren't really interested in bolt actions. Let's make a three-hour episode on bolt actions!" Bless you, guys.

[@myparceltape1169]

How about a list of guns not using bolts, but not just the types.

[@davidkohler7454]

And now over 1million views. Seems like almost nobody is interested in a 2 and half hour video on bolt actions.. lol. If I didn't already have this information already locked into my brain. Would definitely watch again. But to a lot of people this was very informative.

[@myparceltape1169]

@@davidkohler7454 In the way of killing each other, can you suggest how to arm for WWIII other than what was in use at the beginning and even before the start of WWI? So far I can only think of atomic bombs. Guided anti-ship weapons were in use for coastal defense.

[@davidkohler7454]

@@myparceltape1169 seems to be the most widespread would be bio. Like a plannedemic......

[@myparceltape1169]

@@davidkohler7454 Not new. Older than the colonies.

[@taofledermaus]

Very interesting. Nice hearing Bruno's aspects. Would love to see Jay in an episode talking about the difficulty of creating the ammo you have to reproduce. Stay safe guys.

[@EuropeYear1917]

TAOFLEDERMAUS As Red Green’s friend Buzz Sherwood says on “The Red Green Show”: “Safety first!”

[@jameslucas820]

I second this!

[@evandaire1449]

I triple this!

[@fuckoff5078]

Knock it off taffeldermus

[@jackandersen1262]

KZbin’s rules make that a figment of imagination,

[@gunslinger2172]

As a Young Gunsmith I have to thank Mr. Bruno for spending time making the animation. I have used his animation to help me do my work. I really enjoyed the series and learned a'lot from all this. I learned alot from Othias, and watch Mae shot and got her prospective, and even watched Mark's gun- smithing projects under the anvil section or part. I wanted to thank you for a sucessfull year togther. and Thanks for being my internet friends. and most of all Merry Christmas and have a very nice sucessful new year!

[@9HoleReviews]

How the hell did I get sucked into a 2 1/2 hours video at 2am CST?

[@luzianwasescha6056]

9-Hole Reviews guess you dont need sleep tonight. I cant wait for your K31 review btw:)

[@cookingonthecheapcheap6921]

Gun Jesus, enough said.

[@xb0xisbetter]

Gun Jesus is Ian, from Forgotten Weapons, due to a few parody videos he made a few years back. Some have alternatively likened Othais to gun Moses, which I think is more fitting. We can't have more than one Gun Jesus. Besides, Othais hasn't chosen a Biblical character to parody (as of yet).

[@9HoleReviews]

Luzian Wasescha it’s in queue. We haven’t found time to go to the range due to work.

[@lensperspective9753]

9-Hole Reviews Probably because you live in a CST state, hahaha. I liked it too

[@mikemorr100]

I love the long videos. There is so much information packed in here and it just keeps going. They're basically like armorers courses in free KZbin form. It's very useful.

[@xb0xisbetter]

"We're just going to give you a brief bird's eye view." - Introduction to a two and a half hour long video. I love you guys. Keep on being the new History Channel, the one that actually presents history still.

[@davidbriggs264]

Bruno: Thank You for all that you have done, and are doing for this Channel and with Mark.

[@baanimations3689]

You're welcome

[@JosipRadnik1]

Bruno's the maaan!

[@monkeyship74401]

Here! Here! Cigars and scotch for everyone! (of course you will have to supply your own scotch and cigars...)

[@T3hbob]

I just want to say thanks to Bruno, May, Suzie, Jay, Mark, The Bearded Wonder, and everyone else behind the scenes, in front of the camera, and all those who loan weapons and generally make these beautiful educational things happen. I work in a field similar to much of what you guys have to do to get these videos done and I know that everything often feels like you're riding a burning train stocked with nitroglycerin trying to get it into the station without exploding but you all do a wonderful job of it and make one of the singularly best KZbin experiences around. So thank you.

[@darkspire91]

>Not having Mae shoot guns at the hurricane SAD!

[@arsonmarathonpowerfuneral6037]

I see you have finally made the jump from 2long4me to 3long5me.

[@Rahel_Rashid]

2meirl_4meirl....

[@xb0xisbetter]

Two and a half hours isn't long enough, but it is an improvement. Make sure you at least watch a minute or two so they still get to count your view.

[@KageMinowara]

Plebians: "These bolt actions are all the same!" Me: "Why must I ever be surrounded by philistines?"

[@johnfisk811]

Smokeless has a faster initial pressure rise than black powder. Black powder fouling control was well in place by the days of centre fire single shot military rifles and early machine guns (eg Maxim's) worked fine over thousands of rounds of black powder. Wax wads and paper patched. I grant it wouldn't work in gas operation systems. Even the end of the muzzle loaders such as the Enfield rifle musket with the British paper cartridges they would fire all day with no fouling obstacle. Smokeless however was, well, smokeless so you don't give away your position nor obscure your view of the enemy. Also it could give a higher performance with a flatter trajectory and smaller bore. At the very end of the black powder days they were beginning to understand and use solid black pellet charges with designed holes etc. through them to control the rate of burn and the rate of change of burn. This technology is what we see today in solid fuel rockets.

[@loquat44-40]

I really wonder about some of the statements of barrel length needed to burn black powder. I think you all should re-examine some of what you are saying. Black powder is generally more dangerous to handle than smokeless and the ATF regulates it differently. I did not finish you video today, but I may watch more of it later on.

[@johnfisk811]

@@loquat44-40 May I suggest you read Brett Gibbons new book ‘Like Fire and Powder - Black Powder for the Modern Shooter’ which uses the definitive research on black powder in use. Available at a very reasonable price from Amazon (no I have no connection to Brett nor Amazon).

[@thomgizziz]

@@loquat44-40 Yeah the ATF doesn't regulate black powder... felons can buy it... which makes your statement sound like you don't know what you are talking about while correcting others.

[@ChicagoPD-c8m]

​@@johnfisk811 ​ @johnfisk811 is Bezos confirmed

[@canicheenrage]

After ten trillions episodes, let's approach the basics.

[@EuropeYear1917]

canicheenrage Why not? Now’s as good a time as ever!

[@luansagara]

500 year long video covering all the way from the first cannon to modern day firearms when?

[@kurtvanduran7725]

I was hoping for Mae duel welding Reichsrevolvers riding a t-Rex charging into the hurricane... I'm sad now.

[@EuropeYear1917]

Mae, The Cowgirl-Pirate-Trench Fighting-T-Rex Riding-Hurricane Warrior!

[@hangonsnoop]

Sound track by Scorpions.

[@johnd2058]

But wait, there's another chance! Lizards don't get COVID-19, so the T-Rex should be ready to go, no need for a giant mask! abcnews.go.com/US/louisiana-texas-preparing-major-storms-expected-hit-gulf/story?id=72555834

[@ChicagoPD-c8m]

probably go with less specific ambitions

[@dannyw.814]

Othias and Bruno, your use of proper terminology is greatly appreciated. you deserve generational gratitude for keeping this history alive.Ohias, I know you often point out you are only regurgitating someone else’s research, however your transfer of said research with the use of today’s technology can never be understated. In the future you will be credited with keeping this history alive with personality and wit for posterity. Well done sir!!

[@1969Risky]

To those naysayers that say that the episodes are boring, all bolt action rifles are the same etc, go back to your PS4. The C&Rsenal team bring great episodes with as much detail for WWI military firearms & those behind the designs and manufacturing. This is a great channel & apart from the firearms we do know that were used, I've learnt about firearms that were used that have been rarely talked about. C&Rsenal team, love the episodes.

[@tangero3462]

Eric and Chad look really weird in this table talk

[@evandaire1449]

Tangero I’ll never be able to unsee that

[@normandegeorge6526]

I have trouble understanding something, how are there even two people at this table. Only one guy is doing all the talking. Even answering his own questions in some cases.

[@MaxwellSchmalzried]

0:00:00 - Introduction 0:05:39 - Ammunition 0:41:59 - Barrel 0:54:51 - Action 1:35:38 - Receiver 1:42:29 - Trigger 1:46:23 - Safety 1:50:13 - Magazine 2:03:20 - Stock 2:11:25 - Sights 2:23:52 - Accessories 2:32:15 - Wrapping Up

[@davidorr6816]

Thank you for all you've done for me and the channel Bruno. Keep up the good work. Your perspectives are very interesting to hear.

[@MatthewBaileyBeAfraid]

and the photographing of bullets was made possible by Edward Muybridge (who is famous for having settled whether all four of a horse’s hooves leave the ground during a gallop - They do - which developed a form of high-speed photography that would work on bullets). Cameras would be set-up so that they would trigger the shutter at a specific time, based upon the passage of the bullet. For instance, with photographing the galloping horse, a string under tension was in the path of the horse, just prior to the camera itself. That way, when the horse passed the Camera, its shutter would have opened precisely when needed for the horse to be in the frame. A similar process was used for photographing the bullets, but rather than tripping a string, it would be a sheet of fabric or leather in the path of the bullet, such that the bullet’s penetration would cause it to go taut, and trip the shutter of a camera located a known distance from the trigger, such that the bullet would be in-frame when the shutter was opened.

[@aussiebloke609]

I _LOVE_ how you guys don't pad your content. Sometimes there's a lot to go through, and that's just fine and dandy. And sometimes there's not that much to say on a particular topic...and your video lengths reflect that also. Know that it's much appreciated. :-)

[@ABSolution2468]

Much appreciation goes to Bruno. He'd basically carried my history class project with his work!

[@heinrichberthold7839]

3:53-4:10 Exactly and that is why I love old military bolt action rifles. I'm always amazed at the ingenious things these guys came up with before the days of computers and software like AutoCad.

[@M80Ball]

Art Vandelay ... fantastic.

[@alfredgallo4639]

Othais and Bruno did a stellar job on Bolt 101. I’ve really learned a lot. I enjoyed how in depth the video takes us to the history of bolt action development. Kudos to you both. I missed seeing Mae put her opinions in. She is such an amazing person when discussing her experiences shooting the various arms.

[@martinkirk3810]

You already deliver, that's why you have such strong support. Just keep being awesome!

[@TheFridge]

That was AWESOME! I watch every single episode and I quite enjoyed this change of pace. It was very interesting to see all the different ideas side by side. As you are talking about all these different things I am recalling the details from other episodes and it paints quite the image.

[@ls-420stoner6]

I love you long form and in-depth videos. They're entertaining and informative.

[@travispollett2120]

So I've watched several hundred (thousand?) videos from Forgotten Weapons, InRangeTV and C&Rsenal which collectively taught me much of this information. Thank you very much for consolidating the lessons into a single video. I would have loved to have this video a couple years ago when I first started getting into casual gun history (casual in that I don't own any guns and only watch those three channels for gun information, though I watch every video they put out). Definitely recommending this video to anyone I know who would like to know more about bolt actions. Think this is my third time watching this video and I pick up more information each time. Or maybe I just retain more of it each time.

[@RG001100]

> over two and a half hours long wow

[@LukeBunyip]

Now, with bonus Bruno 😉

[@consistentbug]

Almost a podcast

[@spartaninvirginia]

Frankly, it needs to be longer.

[@Gottaculat]

This is more like "Bolt Action Engineering 101" more than a crash course for a new shooter, but as someone who wishes to eventually design my own firearms (legally, of course), this episode is incredibly valuable and appreciated. I enjoy deeply technical mechanics/engineering, because when I want to know how something works, I REALLY want to know how it works to every last detail, even how the molecular bonds in the materials (be it wood, metal, polymer, or other) interplay with each other under various stresses. I'd love to get a formal education at a place like Sonoran Desert Institute, and despite their tuition being totally reasonably priced (less than $30K to do it all), sadly, I can't afford that yet (the tuition is about as much as I make in a year). The best I can hope for is to get an apprenticeship with a master armorer/gunsmith, which is actually better IMHO than formal schooling (you get paid to learn from someone who truly knows what they're doing). Besides, the tuition funds could be better spent getting my Class A driver's license, hazmat certification, small aircraft pilot school, helicopter pilot school, as well as purchasing starting equipment for milling. I've actually already learned advanced CAD, as I was super fortunate to have attended a high school that had an amazing applied technologies department, and I became quite friendly with the head of the department who was also my CAD teacher, and he'd been an engineer and architect for about 30 years. That man really went above and beyond for not just me, but his entire class. Actually, he went above and beyond for anyone interested in learning engineering, be it architecture, robotics, automotive engineering, CAD, woodworking, and metallurgy. Most people never have a teacher that they truly admire not just as an educator, but as an upstanding human being in general. Truly, if you have or had a teacher like that, count yourself as incredibly lucky, and spread their awesomeness by being the same way towards others! Well, enough rambling, back to watching the video, lol! Thank goodness there are awesome content creators like you guys, willing to take time from your schedule to offer education free of charge! America doesn't have a firearm problem; it has a firearm ignorance problem. Best way to ensure we keep our 2nd Amendment rights is to educate the public, since if you know how guns work, you know guns aren't the reason why they get misused, be it negligent discharge, catastrophic malfunction, or used to deliberately murder, assault, and rob people.

[@chcowboy5410]

Goattacular dude you went in on this comment

[@JamesSmith-cd6rf]

I concur on all points

[@raxit1337]

Hey. I know this comment is really old, but just in case, I wanted to point that Sonoran Desert Institute is a little bit sketchy. I'd do some extra research on that.

[@JGray1968]

There aren't two point blank ranges though. You're thinking of zero range, there are two ranges where the bullet's path meets the line of sight. Point blank range, sometimes referred to as maximum point blank range is the absolute maximum range where you will hit the target area without changing your point of aim.

[@jonrolfson1686]

Thanks for this global view of the intricacies, difficulties, challenges and tradeoffs inherent in the process of designing bolt-actions. It is useful and thought-provoking, even for people who have some experience with using or handling and comparing some of the various veteran (surplus) rifles.

[@doubleogumby]

One of my favorite episodes so far. I hope to see more of these type of episodes!

[@donaldhill3823]

I love your bolt action episodes as much as the automatic ones. Your descriptions are very valuable for understanding how engineering evolved both in fire arms and in general.

[@andybelcher1767]

Having come back to this, having watched the individual gun videos, has given it more interest for me as I now have a side by side comparison for all the different designs that you have shown. Thank you very much...again...5 years later. Oh yes, and my respect for Bruno has gone up exponentially with his insights into the different designs.

[@Boreas74]

I'm not sure of the exact historical path, but the Romans used lead bullets in their slingshots. Stone was more common but lead was used when available. I don't know if this influenced early firearms bullets but it seems to me there must have been some connection.

[@InfectiousFight]

The connection is that lead is simply an ideal material for projectiles; it's a case of convergent evolution. Lead is extremely dense, extremely cheap, and commonly-available throughout the world. Physics-wise, what makes lead a good material for a projectile? No matter what the material is, a heavier projectile has more momentum and is slowed-down less by the same amount of resistance to its flight. But a *dense* projectile has less surface area for the same mass, which means less area for air to drag against, which means there's less resistance to its flight to begin with.

[@farmerboy916]

The Romans also had a thing for using lead. Not to mention that you can still make lead glandes (the name for the sling projectiles) out in the field with a campfire and a mold (or if you're lacking a mold, make a serviceable one by sticking a finger in some sand)

[@WarblesOnALot]

+InfectiousFight G'day, Actually, there is a vastly better Elemental Metal than Lead, for Projectile Missiles. On a Periodic Table Of Elements, look up Pb..., & then check out Au. Here in Oz, until the EuroPeons noticed Alluvial Gold Nuggets in the Beds of some Creeks...; for 60,000 years, hereabouts, the ONLY use which People had for Gold Nuggets was to carry a Pouch (made from Wattle-Bark Tanned Kangaroo-Scrotum....) of Gold Nuggets about the size of the End-Joint of a man's thumb - kept for throwing at young Wombats, Wallabies, Kangaroos, Koalas, Bandicoots, or other small Prey-Animals. Around here, the last Traditionally-Educated Tribal Aborigine ("Black Tommy") was poisoned & then shot by the PoLice in 1880, during a failed (bungled) attempt to poison him & follow him to his (secret) Camp, in the effort to locate his source of the Nuggets which he carried...; I note that at the time Seargant Walker, head of the Glen Innes PoLice (who had claimed the Reward for killing the Bushranger "Thunderbolt") was a Shareholder if the Glen Elgin Goldmine - which had failed to make it's Operating-Costs for the 3 months before Black Tommy was killed. Just(ifiably ?) sayin', ;-p Ciao !

[@TheAngelobarker]

WarblesOnALot remember lead is a good modern projectile due to deformation engaging with the rifling of a barrel. There are some metals that are better at that check however they are more expensive out citme cartridge.

[@ANonymous-bh1un]

Lead is a very dense material. Gold and Tungsten are better, but one is more expensive and the other is more expensive and very hard to work.

[@Khanclansith]

Receiver... The Engine Block of the rifle, holds and guides to moving parts of the firearm.

[@PaulVerhoeven2]

What a fantastic job you are doing. Must watch in all mechanical engineering courses, not just firearm-related.

[@TwentythreePER]

Not sure why anyone would think the rifle episodes are boring or repetitive. The rifle episodes are my favorite episodes, personally. I loved this one too because I'm not afraid of long videos. Great job guys.

[@arrozconleche577]

The VG-1 and VG-2 Volksturm rifles used a trigger lock safety.

[@Tito_Viera]

I love the intro of the videos on this channel. I'm pretty sure that isn't only the gentleman on the screen, must be a good team who loves so much his job to do so amazing final product. Greetings from Chile my friends, keep enjoying your outstanding job meanwhile we learn a lot and having a good time.

[@MatthewBaileyBeAfraid]

Harmonics are fun. They generally want connection-points with the barreled action to be at the nodes of the vibration. This means things like barrel-bands need to be positioned at these nodes, as well as things like gas-ports in similar positions. The length of attachment of the barrel to the receiver also affects where these nodes occur. The math has to do with trigonometric equations dealing with the pressure of a cartridge, the rifling, and the weight of the projectile. Barrel-steps also help control the vibration-nodes as well, making the nodes more likely to position themselves at these steps (it is like putting your finger on a guitar string).

[@highlandrab19]

a large bore also gives a far larger swept volume so you will extract more work out of less barrel meaning you need less powder for the same velocity.

[@SpruceReduce8854]

Is it true that having a larger area on the base of the bullet means that force can be applied faster to it?

[@askingstuff]

That’s true. Comparing the .300 aac and the 5.56, the larger .300 uses less powder for the same kinetic energy.

[@worri3db3ar]

man this makes me wanna see c&r look at the types of muskets or arqubesques etc with some firing of them :p

[@-oiiio-3993]

Mannlicher Packet Loading System (en bloc) at 01:58:47 - 'stripper clip' feeding to box magazine at 01:59:09 - Schoenauer rotary magazine at 02:02:04 .

[@stephenwoods4118]

Thanks Bruno, a nice change of pace

[@ralphmills7322]

Just wanted to thank Bruno for his work. His animations and videography here on C&Rsental or Mark's Anvil has greatly contributed to my understanding and enjoyment.

[@FeatheredDino]

4:17 While it's not a service cartridge, it was the first massively commercially sold, smokeless rimmed cartridge, and it's still extremely common today: .30-30 Winchester.

[@TenaciousTrilobite]

That time stamp doesn’t seem to have anything to do with .30-30

[@borkwoof696]

My body is ready

[@andyrihn1]

The Winchester Hotchkiss is a great example of both a two part stock and buttstock magazine

[@TheSquizzlet]

When you were talking about the single shot vs loaded magazine vs single shot WITH a loaded magazine, I was reminded of Forgotten Weapons review on the Steyr Scout rifle. It has a magazine disconnect so that the loaded magazine will not feed the chamber and you can breech load single shots for small opportunity moments but if you need the rapid followup you can use the internal magazine too. The design lives on!

[@sputnikjones6838]

Thank Brono.i appreciate all you do.ive learn much.your animation is very enlightening...

[@chipsterb4946]

Tying up the firing pin itself is one of the safeties on a Glock. This is fantastic. I never connected full length stocks and handguards with bayonet use. However, spending only 3 minutes on triggers, sears, firing pins, etc. in a 2-1/2 hour long video was disappointing. I guess there are so many ways to do it that the choice seemed to be 3 minutes or 30.

[@myparceltape1169]

At the army and navy surplus stores my father bought a combination adze and entrenching tool. It had a wooden shaft with a blue steel strengthener at each end. One end fitted the bayonet socket on a rifle.

[@MichaelBerthelsen]

31:04 So you're recommending always get fresh rubber for your Frenchie?😉

[@DaveSmiffy]

This is the best episode ever. My girlfriend has just walked in and seen me watching it and walked straight out again.

[@terryhall3907]

I can shorten this down, there’s been two bolt action rifles Remington 700 and there’s everything else 😅

[@michaellytinas4529]

Othias, the natural born educator and Bruno, the engineer, what a duo. Enjoyed every moment of it! I feel I can design a bolt action now, really...

[@david1514]

Is it me or does it seem that Professor Othias is testing Bruno’s knowledge.

[@michaellytinas4529]

It's what Bruno himself said that "for an engineer, the pleasure is to discover what every designer had in mind" while Othias just knows everything. It's the combo that makes it fly!

[@RhodeIslandWildlife]

It was nice to finally meet Bruno. I've watched neary all your videos, but somehow missed this one.

[@grayflaneur4854]

I remember Vandelay Industries....back in the day when they were in New York. Before they moved all manufacturing to China... 😀

[@larrycorn4508]

I enjoy the overview of the weapons that you cover. I know you are aware that you cover the weapons that have played a large portion in human history. Thank you for pointing out how each successful weapon has built on prior investigation of older successful engineering. Thank you for the dedication of you and all your staff for presenting this in an enjoyable manner. I, for one, feel you all do a fantastic job.

[@TKTK-sw3tq]

To add on a bit about barrel harmonics and clarify some things. You can imagine the harmonics as a sine wave flowing down the barrel. It’s a much more complex wave in reality but we can approximate it with a shitty 2d sine wave laid over the barrel. The barrel is essentially whipping up and down and depending on where the end of the muzzle is at and pointing, your round can be flung in all sorts of different directions. You can think of a barrel like a coat hanger wire. You flick it and it’s going to vibrate. To help with the adverse affects of that vibration, you can increase rigidity or create a more consistent vibration. To increase rigidity, you can do this by shortening the wire. If you imagine a short coat hanger wire, it’s much harder to make it vibrate and conversely, a long coat hanger wire will vibrate a lot. This is why you see the “railgun” benchrest rifles with short barrels. Another way is you can make a thicker barrel. Instead of a coat hanger wire if you got a thick wire, it’d vibrate less. To make the vibration more consistent, you can do things like adjusting barrel length. A really interesting case of this is where a company named MSAR made AUG clones and instead of going with a 24” barrel, they went with an 18.5” barrel because it had better accuracy due to barrel harmonics. Also, you can free float the barrel. Here’s where some misconceptions come from. Yes it is to allow the barrel to vibrate consistently however it is mostly to free it from the influence of the person using it. You can zero a rifle on a weird tripod type thing and get a wonderful zero but then you put your hand on the handguard and put pressure on the barrel and all of a sudden, you’re not only flexing the barrel slightly but you are changing the harmonics drastically and then resting it on a sandbag can throw off the point of aim even more. One way is also by adding tension in certain places but this is somewhat archaic and for good reason, it’s stupid and there are easier and more consistent ways. It’s real fucky to start messing with tension. Messing with harmonics by having a short barrel stays the same over time but you can not keep constant tension on a part. It will change over time and it will get frustrating. There are other areas where you can help like making a more rigid handguard or receiver but generally the biggest things and things that actually matter in a service rifle is adjusting your barrel length and free floating your barrel. The M16 shoots about 4 MOA, when the marine corps switched to the M27 IAR (HK416) they went to 1.5 MOA and that was almost all due to a free floated handguard.

[@jackray1337]

This is a very helpful video. It answers a lot of questions I had about bolt action rifles. I watched quite a few parts more than once to get the details.

[@spartaninvirginia]

What's this whole "turning down the bolt" thing? (This post was brought to you by the Schmidt-Rubin gang)

[@Devin_Stromgren]

Left handedness is the devil's work... Is that a jab at Ian?

[@DerNutzer8]

I think it is more alluding to the general view at the times the designs were developed. People even in the 20th century were "re-trained" to write with the right hand when left-handed. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people#Forced_use_of_the_right_hand

[@baneofbanes]

DerNutzer8 Heresy. We must baptism these heretics in the holy gun oils of St. Browning.

[@Devin_Stromgren]

Huh, I had no idea that anti-lefthanded sentiments had lasted as long as that. I assumed that it had died at some point in the 19th century.

[@zhukie]

My cousin had her left arm tied to a chair at school in the 60s

[@williamwatkins1996]

Devin Stromgren I’m 26 went to a catholic school when I was little they made me do everything with my right hand. They still do it.

[@bruceinoz8002]

See the .303 Mk Vll bullet for a lesson on how to achieve impressive flight and terminal effects. The Mk Vll is the classic looking "military spitzer" bullet. However it is quite interesting internally. It has a small, lightweight, conical filler in the front end of the jacket. It also has a flat base. What this does is to make the bullet base-heavy. Additionally, because of its length, it still required the same 1:10" twist of the previous Marks of .303. Additionally, the overall cartridge length had to also be maintained to facilitate feeding in both rifles and machine-guns. The thing about ALL "base-heavy" bullets is that the are relatively easy to stabilize in AIR; in bags of meat? Not to much, especially if the bullet has to transit combat webbing and bone in the way through. Thus, the Mk Vll met all the "rules", but it also vastly increased the potential damage to the recipient and could do so al much greater ranges and with a flatter trajectory. Then go and look at the 5.45 x 39 for a more recent variant on the same concept. Then, there is the SS-109 / M-855 bullet, another one having composite construction and being "base-heavy".

[@Flyguy779]

Whaaaat?? Who is the miscreant who says that bolties are all the same? SHAME ON YOU!!!

[@jackandersen1262]

Flyguy779 the same person who thinks that all revolvers are the same.

[@MatthewBaileyBeAfraid]

Also, another reason lead was used is that soldiers could cast their own bullets, so that used shot that was recovered (such as from the enemy) could be re-melted to re-cast as new bullets. They could also carry lead instead of more bullets in an easy to carry form. And lead was also plentiful in the population, used for many other things that could be appropriated to melt to use as bullets (plumbing fittings, roofing seals, bushings, etc.).

[@secret7777777]

I Love It. Keep it coming.

[@MatthewBaileyBeAfraid]

And the difference between small bore and big-bore is that, since these aren’t really "point-masses" the diameter of the bullet determined how much energy can be transferred to the target. The surface area (diameter) of the bullet allowed for the transfer of more energy for a given velocity for a big-bore than a small-bore for the same velocity. But the advent of smokeless powder meant that it was possible to propel a small-bore bullet vastly faster than a given big-bore, and the small-bore would retain its velocity more, due to being more streamlined. Thus, the formulae for momentum (and thus energy transfer) of Mass x Velocity = Momentum, gave you a higher energy at impact.

[@brasilman11]

Im new to collecting and love the bolt action. I have decided that my collection will all be based on your history coverage of the particular gun. I bought my 1943 1903A3 based on your coverage of the rifle. I abosolutly love the bolt action and realized every single bolt action has its own characteristic and personality. Thank you for the awesome show you put together. Also I love Mae

[@abstractapproach634]

Point Blank range depends on chosen point blank radius (I think height over bore makes the most sensse) and chosen zeros

[@klosharr]

i like these long episodes, with history and details and explanations and all that good stuff

[@euroclydonftw9676]

I like to watch those old black and white shows that show how each individual part interacts with each other.

[@donaldweber7636]

With front locking lugs, you don't have to go through the action to cut the locking recess. The locking recess is created by threading the barrel into the action.

[@silente1945]

I can say being new to the Chanel this is a great presentation

[@Duperdave29]

Thanks Bruno. You did great, and good job on helping with the Anvil series!

[@AlexanderBushi]

Thanks, great video. Thank you both of you. cheers

[@jimross2565]

"The Disappearing Bullet" I read an article in a magazine in the late '60's or early '70's on the development of the Remmington 17 caliber varmit cartridge. the developers had honed the design into it's final specifications and were playing around with the powder load for the best performance. They started out with a low power charge and kept increasing it, each time the trajectory would flatten out a little more. Suddenly, for some unkonwn reason the bullet quit hitting the target at all! At this time high speed cameras were complicated and very expensive but to find out what was happening they obtained one and used it. What they saw was that as the powder charge increased the speed of the bullet increased until a point was reached where the dynamic pressures of the flight through the air caused the bullet to simply disintegrate in a puff of dust midway to the target!

[@Edax_Royeaux]

If smokeless powder hadn't been invented by WWI, I wonder if the old colorful Napoleonic uniforms would still be in use? The bright colors were to help identify friend from foe in a battlefield just covered in gunsmoke. If everyone's wearing the same Khaki colors, it could be a problem outside of trench warfare.

[@Dja05]

Didn't stop the french from having fancy red pants :v.

[@TheAngelobarker]

Edax nah look at the us civil war mostly black powder both sides picked muted tones blue and gray. They even had units in *gasp* green.

[@ANonymous-bh1un]

The German Organic Chemistry innovations from the late 1800s (most of the very early organic chemistry textbooks are exclusively in German) pretty much ensured that smokeless powder would have been adopted by *someone* . The French were just in an absolute panic because they'd simultaneously been 1) physically invaded by a neighbor that hadn't existed a few years earlier, 2) been knocked off the "most dangerous land army in Europe" top ranking, and 3) had their noses rubbed in just how far behind Germany they were in artillery and logistics technology - and that their marignally-superior rifles hadn't stopped their enemies. So the French were the ones who raced to adopt anything that *might* give them an edge...even if they did it in a horrible and logistics-hobbling manner.

[@Edax_Royeaux]

@Angelo Barker The Napoleonic era had light infantry units wearing green too. But the point was that both sides couldn't be wearing green or you couldn't tell friend from foe.

[@stephenbond1990]

Khaki was standard for foreign service with the British before smokeless powder dropped, so i doubt it but as someone mentioned it didn't stop the French doing their own thing

[@1889michaelcraig]

Outstanding job guys. I agree that bolt actions are not all the same. Thanks for the good videos.

[@calvinhandley2373]

On the Lee-Enfield, I’ve read that the detachable magazine was more for maintenance. Because exposed magazines were prone to damage, the detachable magazine was intended not for reloading, but for quick replacement if damaged, allowing the rifle to be kept in service.

[@demos113]

Watch their episode on the SMLE for all the info. :-)

[@GV-xg8ml]

Absolutely outstanding episode

[@piritskenyer]

Oh my god, that giggle at the beggining. Made my whole month.

[@BNRmatt]

Thank you, Bruno!

[@jackandersen1262]

One thing about the early lead sphere bullets was that they were very easy to manufacture precisely, as you can just allow molten lead to fall like rain and cool into perfectly spherical shapes.

[@thomgizziz]

yeah I don't think that is how it was done... there is no way you have a long enough drop to do that with tech from that long ago.

[@GunFunZS]

Something to think about, folks. All the points discussed at @1:56:00 are valid and apply equally to shotguns. There's a better way.

[@earlcollinsworth4914]

For an example of an early repeater being used to great effect to stop a greater force with single shot rifles, look at John Buford's brigade action on the first day of the gettysburg battle where they held off 15,000 men for two hours until John Reynolds brought up his corps in support.

[@siestatime4638]

Good job, guys! And Bruno did a hecka lot better than I would have!

[@Grimmtoof]

Thanks a lot for making this video, as someone who is here mainly for the history/stories and has almost no hands on firearms experience (I live in the UK so guns are not very common) this has been very useful. I guessed what some of the terms meant but this has cleared things up and explained some other things I was not sure about (such has how the sights worked). Very well done, keep up the good work.

[@everettplummer9725]

Why do they have blanks, if they launch with a live bullet?

[@Phoenix-ej2sh]

I for one enjoy the bolt action episodes and have developed an appreciation for the history of their development.

[@glynwelshkarelian3489]

I'm a Patreon ($5 gets you so much good stuff) but I never saw this before!? When I discovered the channel a few years ago I watched from Primer No1, but missed this. You should do another Bruno.

[@johncoffin9354]

I think I've read that ultra long range volley fire had a noted effect at the battle of Omdurman. That early precedent might have been enough to keep volley sights in the realm of plausibility longer than they would otherwise.

[@alganhar1]

While listening to this (again), I was struck by a sudden thought while you guys were discussing the action. Another thing that needs to be taken into consideration is the requirements of the end user, i.e. the military who will be using the weapon. Now I learned to shoot on Lee Enfields, so the cock on close does not bother me like it does some, my father, the guy who taught me to shoot (he also learned again, on Lee Enfields, though in his case in the Army) told me what his old Rifle Instructor had said to him as a recruit. Treat her a little rough, this is not your girlfriend or your wife, she likes a little rough, your father could not break her, your grandfather could not break her, your great grandfather could not break her, neither will you. More rimportantly however, when looking at the Lee Enfield (not so much the previous Lees), one also has to remember that the British Army at the time was also hugely reorganising, both its structure and, more importantly from the rifle point of view, its Infantry Tactics due to some bad experiences in a little place called South Africa. The point of this is by the time the SMLE No 1 Mk III was entering service British Infantry were no longer being trained to shoot standing and unsupported, the entire Doctrine was based around the troops firing either from kneeling or, preferably, from prone, from behind cover, and with the rifle supported. As a result, the downward tendancy of a cock on close is less noticeable IF the rifle is being used the way it was designed to be used. When used in a way most rifles would have been fired in combat (from cover, supported by at least terrain), I have found there is very little difference in downward movement of the muzzle on cycling the bolt between my Lee Enfields or my Mausers, or, for that matter, my Mannlicher, in fact I find there is a little barrel climb with cock on opens....

[@Plastikdoom]

Detachable box magazines are a detriment until the advent of modern, small bore, intermediate cartridges, and stripper clips too. Until this become the standard, and only as a convenient way to load magazines.

[@rickyokogawa6154]

God bless and protect you all at this time. This is a great episode for the firearms beginner! Stay safe!

[@mikeromes3662]

Bookmarks should definitely be a thing on KZbin so I'm just gonna leave this here 38:57

[@MrKfolks]

This is one of the best history lessons for guns ever coming from some who has seen war and keep in lighting