Bose-Einstein Condensation - Wolfgang Ketterle

Source - serious-science...
Nobel Prize winning physicist Wolfgang Ketterle on laser and evaporative cooling, the candidates for Bose-Einstein condensation, and possibility of its realizing in general

[@Osterochse]

The stronger the accent the more genius the scientist.

[@reagame8700]

Thank you very much! It's hard to find good videos on this subject, and this was done very well, so thank you.

[@guardyangel]

Thank you for this video. This is priceless!

[@Maledicted]

Came for the knowledge, stayed for the accent :)

[@moirangthemsanahal6695]

😂

[@arunpanat8157]

For the first time I have seen such good video on Bose _Einstein condensation . Thanks to you for this video. 🙏

[@shashvatshukla]

Excellent explanation.

[@methylators]

That was probably the hardest German accent I have had to filter. Wow!

[@divyam9919]

Thankyou Sir.. Beautiful explanation.

[@RohitKumar-et2po]

Very nice explanation sir. Thank you.

[@SeriousScience]

Rohit Kumar you are welcome!

[@Vasu_Polu]

+Dapper Wolf Vin Diesel has nothing to do with this🙂!

[@hereitcometh]

using bose-einstein condensation your using temperatures that are million times cooler then outer space.At extreme nano kelvin temperatures your able to condense gas particles that are bosons(gas atoms having a pos number of electrons),in so seperating them from the furions(gas atoms having a neg charge) - which was impossible before nano kelvin temperatures were achieved .The problem of seperating the bosons from the furions- condensing the boson in a lattice frame while in a gas state.while the extreme cold kept the bosons from transitioning to a liquid or solid state. the end result is a clean compact latticed boson gas .This extreme cold provided scientists with an opppurtunity to study the furion as well . The extreme cold nano kelvin temperatures are achieved through evaporative cooling vs laser cooling,which was the previous method of achieving nano kelvin temperatures.Did i break that down right? great video ive never heard of bose-einstein condensation.

[@Jaden48108]

Lovely explanation.

[@andys9678]

Thanks for the documentary, very well explained. I wonder... did Bose and Einstein received a post mortem Nobel price for this? at least a recognition apart of the name of the condensate?

[@vinvic1578]

Nobel prizes cannot be awarded post mortem

[@andys9678]

@@vinvic1578 I undesrtand, it was more a desire. I admire them. Thanks

[@okman9684]

@@andys9678 most ironical part is bose never got nobel because his research was sited as less impactful at that time but many physicist got nobel prize on researching on Boson the particle which follows his model and named after him

[@mxkep]

This is the perfect explanation I was looking for.

[@mrnarason]

9:00 nice pun

[@proteusindomitus5015]

I prefer the 10:27 one

[@holapaoototo]

just turn on captions and you will see the results!!!

[@tim57243]

If you make a Bose Einstein condensate of hydrogen atoms, then you have multiple hydrogen atoms in the same quantum state. But the hydrogen atoms are composed of protons and electrons, which are fermions. So you must therefore have those protons and electrons in the same quantum state as each other, even though they are fermions. How can that be? Fermions have spin, so I guess you could have two atoms in the same state except for spin. But I gather Bose Einstein condensates have more than two atoms condensed, so that must not be the only thing that is happening.

[@MrKobinn]

I wonder why a bose-einstein condensate doesn't have a extremely small volume though, since it's at a temperature so close to 0 K? I've just saw a documentary where they seem to film an Helium Bose-Einstein condensate and I've heard numerous times about how these condensates can appear macroscopic

[@ranjanjoshi3454]

Thanks

[@ryancory5958]

what happens to the nucleus of atoms inside the BEC? can you have a BEC of just Neutrons? if you reintroduce a very specifically tuned energy into a BEC system is it possible for the elements to restructure into alternate elements?

[@akinwilson8799]

This man has long not live. He is an ice walker

[@rishabyadav5717]

i love science

[@alwaysbored47]

Thank you!

[@stewiegriffin6503]

I don't get it.

[@XIII-TheBlackCat]

A Bose-Einstein Condensate took a whole plane, MH370.

[@jonathanhart8730]

I understand that particles in a superfluid state adopt a uniform wave-function, behaving in "lock-step" so to speak. But why is this? Is it simply because they are all in the same quantum state? Does that mean that all identical particles in their lowest energy state have the same wave function?

[@stewiegriffin6503]

What about cooling the bison to zero ? As I understand, the native Americans hunted the bisons few hundred years ago. And in winter the bisons were cool too.

[@kawaii-potato3192]

what is the molecular motion of the bec?

[@Earzone63]

The thermal de broglie wavelength Is proportional to the inverse square root of t, Which is related to the cube inverse square of the density

[@DUxMORTEM]

Im only here because of the movie SPECTRAL.

[@999titu]

It was predicted by Satyendra nath Bose. Einstein was just a supplementary Scientist. Thats why it didn't get noble bcz Bose was a third world countryman

[@charankol]

when i heard the voice i was away from screen and i thought it is a robot voice.

[@medico6374]

Does bose einstein Con. Has definite shape or volume

[@BillyViBritannia]

So can it happen in nature or not? Damned clickbait thumbnails...

[@solovoldo]

I've been wondering the same thing, what if the only reason we cannot reach a true absolute zero is because we're conducting our experiments WITHIN the Higgs Field(s). It would only make sense, I would assume, that when you disperse All matter and particle in a single place INCLUDING the higgs field there would be zero energy left in the space. And what more is a BEC than zero energy. You would think this would explain X-points and very possibly black holes. We need to conduct an experiment that combines both the microscopic black hole created by the large Hadron collider and BEC. It's one thing to test how matter reacts to absolute zero but what about space it's self? How do particles travel through a space that has zero energy? All matter requires the higgs field(s) to sustain energy and therefore it would only make sense that all matter is bound to it. Matter flows through the field one higgs particles to the next to ensure constant flow of energy to feed the electron. you take that field away and matter is forced to skip to the next available field particle. Since in a BEC all particles act as one making all points with in it at equal distance. Matter traveling through a BEC would not notice the missing space or energy since all points are equally spaced. This would cause the matter to simply skip the space altogether the the nearest field particle available, which could be literally anywhere out side the BEC. And you wouldn't be breaking the laws of physics by traveling faster than light because as far as the matter is concerned, it didn't travel anywhere. At least that's what I think

[@letteringtypes]

Casey Hazelton I know very little if not next to nothing about this but I’m pretty fascinated and the way you broke that down was very well and I think you made very good points . Damn you must be so smart 👍🏻 .. Get your butt off the internet and back in those books you could make change 😄

[@akinwilson8799]

Don

[@nitinranacluster1737]

nice

[@RajnishKumar-el6hh]

What is Boson particle ? Any one explain plz

[@okman9684]

These particles are responsible for carrying fundamental forces like Elctro-magnetism, strong force, weak force and gravity

[@swish007]

this might be a dumb question, forgive my ignorance(i just learned about this) but is it at all theoretically possible that the bose-einstein condensation state might be found say in the center of a black hole? seems like the idea is you are "nudging" atoms in opposite directions in order to stop them from moving and thus cool down.. couldn't the extreme pressure inside a black hole do that? another thought i had was, what might a large enough(to see) amount of this condensation look like(if somehow magically it were possible to create/find that much)? maybe like just some kind of nothingness?

[@markandrews1219]

swish007, You raise a very interesting question regarding temperatures inside a black hole. It would require the ability to measure the input energy vs the output energy (Hawking Raditation). My guess is it would also depend on the volume of available material for the black hole to feed off and when you measure....what happens when black hole merge? There is also the issue that regardless, there is always a force influencing motion hence there is significant kinetic energy in the system...if we consider this perhaps it is more likely for higher temperatures? Maybe a plasma or an unknown state?

[@TheMasonX23]

Mark Andrews I'm unsure of the temperature of a black hole's "singularity", as the notion of temperature breaks down along with much of our current understanding of physics, though my intuition (unreliable in astrophysics, particularly when dealing with black holes) is that as it compresses during, the temperature increases towards the Planck temperature, or "absolute hot". This is based on the general behavior of gasses being compressed, as well as the incredible temperatures and energies seen in accretion disks (actively feeding supermassive black holes, Quasars, are brighter than the rest of their galaxy). Also, it's theorized that if you aimed incredibly high energy (on the order of all the solar power currently hitting the Earth) lasers with enough accuracy and precision, you could concentrate enough light energy into such a small space that the gravitational warping would form a black hole out of radiation instead of matter. These would exceed the Planck temperature, but I'm unsure if this also applies to regular black holes. So I could easily be wrong, as I couldn't find much information on this in particular. However, I'm much more familiar with aspects of their temperature after formation; the "surface temperature" at the event horizon is actually minimal: a solar mass black hole would be about 100 nanokelvin, and the more massive they are, the colder they are. This is part of the Hawking radiation prediction: they radiate with a blackbody distribution, though extremely cooly. In fact, for any black holes roughly more massive than our moon (which could have possibly formed shortly after the Big Bang, though no evidence currently supports their existence), their temperature is less than the cosmic background temperature, meaning they absorb more than they emit, and will continue to grow for trillions of years. Eventually, the cosmic background temperature will drop enough that they begin slowly evaporating. As they shrink, they radiate at an increasing rate, flaring dramatically in their final moments.

[@markandrews1219]

Hi Mason X: It is always interesting when someone follows up on a comment you made several months ago. I had to read my own stuff to follow your conversation. Thanks for the interesting input. At the moment my focus is on Thermodynamics so without a doubt I will be reviewing a lot of what you said. I cannot say I have recently read much on Black Hole temperatures so it should be enlightening.

[@dieterhansdampf504]

swish007 Wolfgang ketterle talked about a bose Einstein condensate inside a neutron Star in one of his lectures. So the idea of a Bose Einstein condensate inside a black hole would be quite similar... But I am not sure about the physics inside a singularity because maybe there are no elementary particles in a singularity. But it could be the case that the matter falling into a black hole forms a Bose Einstein condensate for a fraction of a second before hitting the singularity. (Sorry for my poor English I am from Germany)

[@farouku5334]

Dieter Hansdampf I would like to believe your intuition makes sense theoretically, however the formation of the condensate would be fractions before it falls into the singularity because, as you know, that is the limit to our knowledge of the physical laws

[@noahketterle]

my last name is ketterle lol

[@IIOU8]

Reeefs Then you may have German ancestors either

[@seraphik]

this guy is like the real life magneto.

[@junak777]

3 4 gears 3 nody colliSion

[@alannolan3514]

Anybody answer this? If you are holding a BEC in your hand (thick gloves!), what would it look like?

[@DUxMORTEM]

Watch the movie SPECTRAL.

[@showusyurpaperrsnowschenl7488]

sublimation skips a phase but I think if something occurs in nature is NOT important ANYWAY

[@ishfaqlone20]

Jack cluso

[@merveileuxdushimeshema2188]

French accent

[@captain42979]

fds

[@KIJs-gc6ux]

Gee Arnie, I liked your performance in The Exteminator better 😂

[@pranaynayak]

number of likes: 666

[@schmetterling4477]

There are no particles in ordinary matter, either. He should know better.

[@lesseirgpapers9245]

The explanations go in circles. These Profs actually are successful selling their complete lack of real understanding and the public laps up this crap.. .

[@pjeffries301]

So you'd probably not want to hear how governments are pouring trillions of dollars, quietly, into this science. More dangerous than A.I.

[@thebeast5215]

@@pjeffries301 actually this stuff is not dangerous. Idk where you got that from. Studying this stuff is literally progressing the future as extremely useful technologies will be developed because of this.

[@adiaphoros6842]

His explanation of what Bose-Einstein condensation and how it works pretty straightforward. Maybe you’ve mistaken the source of your inability to understand. It’s not that he explained it poorly, it’s that he has quite a thick accent.