Gibbs Free Energy

[@CrushOfSiel]

Thank you for the hip music in the intro. I got to have a short dance before I got back to studying.

[@DogeFrom2014]

+CrushOfSiel lol

[@AniketM18]

😂😂😂

[@AS-qi2lq]

I would like your comment but it's at 200 likes.

[@xkdjdnskdnscndjdj984]

🕺

[@lilygutierrez1917]

Honestly, this is the first time I've understood what's going on when someone says "Gibbs free energy." An absolute legend

[@dragonfly9786]

2:40 does not the law of conservation of energy tell us that the energy of the system shall remain cosntant? The PE is getting converted into the KE. how come the total energy has decreased?

[@lilygutierrez1917]

@@dragonfly9786 in this case total energy = internal energy, which in this example consists only of potential energy. Yes the energy is conserved, but it is turned into kinetic energy.

[@HarshJee-lo9lz]

Bu total energy , i think he meant the total available stored energy that could have been used if entropy was zero

[@jessiejames2133]

I cant believe this is 11 years old, I wish I had saw Mr Andersons videos a long time ago. He is awesome.

[@emilygreen2436]

the world would be so much smarter if we got to have teachers like you!

[@evgenistarikov3386]

Dear Paul + your esteemed audience, First of all, many sincere thanks for your collective efforts! You attempt to explain Gibbs Free Energy. You begin by using three spontaneous reactions to explain how a change in enthalpy, entropy and temperature can affect the free energy of a system. You then apply this concept to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. ...sounds terrific, but even big scientific research workers' brains had and still have to stumble herewith... In fact, Prof. Gibbs had learned what ENTROPY exactly IS while attending chemical thermodynamics lectures by Prof. Horstmann in Heidelberg, whereas Prof. Horstmann was one of the very students of Prof. Clausius. Prof. Gibbs was duly heading for the proper embodiment of the Clausius-Horstmann ideas (in fact, Carnot-Clausius-Horstmann ideas, to be correct!), but he had not enough time for accomplishing this, to our sincere regret... Dr. George Augustus Linhart was one of the very rare true followers to Prof. Gibbs, but he had very bad luck... ...It's a truly long and interesting story - hence, some kind of a concise clarification ought to be urgently necessary! So, captain, AHOY! A. There is ONLY ONE BASIC, fundamental Energy Conservation and Transformation Law. It is definitely unique and conceptually indivisible delivering two logically joint concepts - these are Energy Conservation - and Energy Transformation. Still, a more-then-100-years-old conceptual failure has brought us to two separate thermodynamic laws - but this has nothing in common with the actual physics. To come back, they have coined two more fake thermodynamic laws, employed the Probability Theory + Mathematical Statistics, and this has helped formulate the Quantum Mechanics, which is thus a basically metaphysical conceptual construction - and, hence, ought to be only restrictedly fruitful. B. By dividing the basically indivisible law, you are touching Combinatorics, you are touching Probability Theory, you are even stepping back to Thermodynamics for a while, but... You are NOT answering the poser: WHAT IS ENTROPY, sorry! 1. In the formula S = kB * ln(Ω) you do imply, Ω means not a "Huge Number of Microstates", not "Probability", which numerically ranges between [0,1], not even "Wavefunction", which ought to be a purely metaphysical notion, as it is... In effect, Ω ought to be a simplistic algebraic function of Lord Kelvin's Absolute Temperature. This result has been published 100 years ago in JACS by Dr. George Augustus Linhart. 2. WHAT-ENTROPY-IS-poser has been answered not by Clausius, not by Boltzmann, etc., but by Goethe, who has introduced Mephistopheles, the philosophical embodiment of ENTROPY. 3. Newton did basically know WHAT ENTROPY IS - A Counteraction. 4. That Counteractions do not grow to infinity with the growing Actions, but MUST reach their MAXIMUM values, is the result by Nicky Carnot, which has been formalized by Clausius... 5. In effect, J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula: (ΔG = U + pV - TS, .i.e., ΔG = H - TS, where U is the internal energy (SI unit: joule), p is pressure (SI unit: pascal), V is volume (SI unit: m3 = m*m*m), T is the temperature (SI unit: kelvin), S is the entropy (SI unit: joule per kelvin), H is the enthalpy (SI unit: joule)) renders implicit the interplay among ALL the relevant Actions (the Enthalpic term) and ALL the pertinent Counteractions (the Entropic term). 6. The standard approach you are reporting about is OK for the implicit Enthalpy-Entropy picture, employing it, e.g., for studying reaction mechanism details is likewise eating soup with a fork. The above is about "Entropy" in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc., etc., etc. ... Entropy in other fields: Be aware of a powerful trend to build up misnomers in many other fields, for Entropy is the proper term solely for the "Energy Transformation", whatever nature/origin this energy might be of. The Arrow of Time: This is not due solely to Entropy, but owing to Eternal Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation. This is why, the Heat Death morons are proclaiming over and over again ought to be just a useless legacy.

[@evgenistarikov3386]

Most important addition to the above ought to be the notions of Potential and Kinetic Energies. Potential Energy: a kind of money on our bank account. Where does it come from? More general: Potential Energy in any system does come from interaction among the subsystems of the system. Moron textbooks try to persuade you of "isolated systems" - do never believe such fiddlesticks! Everything is more or less correlated in the Universe. Potential Energy is transformable into Kinetic Energy. Kinetic Energy: the EFFECT of money on our bank account. Its ancient name - VIS VIVA - i.e., the livening/driving force. THIS is about ENTHALPY. Any EFFECT/ACTION MUST DEAL WITH COUNTERACTIONS: obstacles, hindrances, resistances... THIS is about ENTROPY. THIS is just what J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula renders implicit. If you would not like 'eating soup with a fork', you must consider ENTHALPY and ENTROPY explicitly,🧐

[@1400740]

I could never understand Gibbs Free Energy in my past 16 years of education, but after spending 13 minutes on this video, I know very well understand it. Thank you Paul, you are a great teacher.

[@cavemanzipper6813]

I know he probably doesn't need it at all BUT IS THERE ANY WAY TO DONATE SOME MONEY TO THIS GUY?! I really really appreciate his stuff and I want to support his work. Can't even imagine how studying some of these things would be without him.

[@nels6991]

+CavemanZipper www.bozemanscience.com/donate/

[@wll6779]

just watch a ton of ads

[@Kristronuovo]

W!llxX k I.

[@jasondurik4753]

Share his work, he willl get kick backs from the views from you sharing

[@JohnSmith-rp2vu]

Simple and clear explanation in 13 minutes. You deserve to get a Nobel Prize

[@sammirison7755]

As a Physics teacher I must say that your method of teaching entropy is really thoughtfully prepared and excellently presented. It makes it accessible to students.

[@hlsperera]

A great teacher indeed! This issue is a nightmare for every higher Chemistry student. Many thanks Sir for your wonderful examples and splendid explanations!

[@hyprk5590]

I especially like the part of this video that you explained enthalpy and free energy as total energy and available energy to work, respectively. It’s easier for me to understand those things. Thank you.

[@paradox1570]

Real teacher are like u who understands well as well how to teach it well⭐

[@warren1564]

I love your videos.....when you can explain something using everyday examples, rather than scientific jargon straight up, it makes the scientific jargon so much easier to comprehend. I wish all teachers used examples like yourself. Thank you again for a awesome video :)

[@shireenpaeper8860]

Thank you so much for your videos. Your videos combined with Tyler De Witt's videos are making my correspondence biochemistry possible to understand.

[@Loveisall2]

I'm about ten steps closer to fully understanding this concept after watching such a short clip. I can't thank you enough. work like yours makes intellectual discourses accessible to the masses! This is amazing. You're amazing. I love you.

[@crazyvibes7907]

FINALLY A TEACHER THAT KNOWS MORE THAN JUST DEFINITIONS. THANK YOU!

[@michelleleach4040]

I am a freshman taking biology and frankly I'm a little lost sometimes, my teacher gave us a project and part was to explain the terms ATP, Endergonic, Exergonic, and free energy. The other part is explaining what these mean in reference to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. I have looked through lots of the internet, databases, and textbooks and this was the one thing I found that I understood and it answered all my questions so thank you.

[@gabriellepadley3015]

Literally, in my senior year for biochem and I have never been able to make sense of this. Thank you.

[@Artifying]

I'm a supplemental instructor for a biology 1 course and I'm going to show this to my students today! Best explanation I've ever heard for free energy.

[@jaredspano7608]

Alright, imagine throwing a party. Gibbs free energy is like a party budget. If the budget is negative, it means your party is happening spontaneously - people are excited and things are happening on their own. If it's positive, you might need to put in some effort (add energy) to get the party started. If it's zero, the party is in a balanced state. So, in chemistry, a negative Gibbs free energy means a reaction can occur on its own, while a positive value may need a push, like adding heat or other energy. It's all about the energy dance at the molecular party!

[@Kyle4se]

I love him - He truly understands how to teach. I am a teacher and he is few and far between. Excellent job.

[@aranyaaparkarmakar4266]

Who are those people dares to downvote this! What they think of themselves? 'Dash'hole? This is a great video ! Thank you so much . Infinite upvote !

[@littlebitstronger8]

I am a sophomore in AP Biology. I can't tell you how much this is helping me right now!

[@ayosheepy]

AP Chem student here. One thing that is commonly misconstrued is that breaking bonds releases energy, as you implied around 7:50. Energy is absorbed to break the bonds of the glucose, and then energy is released again when the bonds of water and carbon dioxide are made. The energy released when making bonds of water and carbon dioxide is larger than the energy absorbed when breaking bonds of glucose - that is why energy is released, not because breaking the glucose bonds releases energy. Am I right, or have I confused something?

[@queef215366]

Youre right he just says it released energy instead of saying it had an output of energy after the whole process for simplicity's sake

[@Sakuyushi]

connor mangus you guys rock!

[@jagannathswain5288]

R8 man

[@edthoreum7625]

7:30... it should not be "sugar" that brings about the energy but carbohydrates( from many types of grains, beans ,fruits & veggies)?

[@Spiced_Butters]

13 years later my guy is still helping me learn AP Bio. What a guy.

[@michelletran8576]

You are the reason why I made it into university, bless your soul

[@X3OBEDX3]

Sometimes I think I learn more from KZbin then my teachers.

[@huzefa_o77]

That was just a 'thought' in the past but now... after 7 years... it has become a fact.

[@mohammadyunuskhan5480]

Your explanation has a marvelous attraction towards online study, appreciate you for that.

[@simranjoharle4220]

The best explanation I've ever come across

[@berniceleung968]

you literally saved my life for bio and i'm getting a 97 because of you. thank you so much!

[@nisarahmed912]

Wow, man ,thank you ,may good things happen to you.this video deserves hundreds of ads and plugins.i thank you bro , words are not enough.

[@abidhossen8615]

Thanks a lot man. Now my mind's entropy decreases. You have cleared such complicated terms in an awesome way

[@unicornchou1817]

This is super helpful! I am a student from Taiwan. I am blessed to watch this awesome video.

[@davidkuledjawa8447]

APPRECIATION POST: HONESTLY THIS GUY CLEARED ALL THE DOUBT, CONFUSION AND BOREDOM I HAVE ABOUT GIBBS FREE ENERGY.

[@pankajsapehia9540]

thanx for the music in begining to energetic me to understand what is free energy...i always obey ur all concepts...(STOP MEMORISING START UNDERSTANDING)

[@logicwizard1336]

Don't get misguided! Total energy remains constant, as explained in the "ball rolling down" example, it's true that the gravitational potential energy decreases as the ball moves down and also not to forget the ball speeds up the moment it comes under motion and hence the kinetic energy increases as it rolls down. Total energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy. To conclude as the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy increases and thus the total energy is conserved.

[@bios546]

I too agree... its funny but I was about to comment the same until I saw this...

[@lingkejiang9244]

There is friction as the reaction proceeds that decreases the total energy along the way

[@lingkejiang9244]

Although I am not sure if that makes any point

[@MrGunnaras]

me to =)

[@MrGunnaras]

The friction i made into heat energy. wich still remains in the system

[@daveyarwine1073]

You suceeded! Best explaination of gibbs " free" energy i've ever seen!!!

[@TehAmazinAzn]

thanks a lot Mr. Anderson, I swear you teach this way better than my teacher.

[@antifoundational]

You sir know how to teach. I wish more so-called teachers would take note.

[@sathyaseelan1460]

I thought I would never understand Gibbs's free energy., now it's clear., thanks bro., u r awesome

[@swejuliajay]

You are awesome! Thanks for all your videos, they help me so much in understanding how things are tied together and how they work :) Greetings from Sweden

[@somethingabstractiguess]

Thanks a ton Mr. Anderson! You're awesome!

[@Qiu1116y]

I have a test tomorrow and you just make me so much more confident!! Thank you so much!

[@Szczotii]

The best explanation of Gibbs Free Energy I've ever seen, hands down 😉

[@MintyTime]

This was my first explanation ever.. im glad it was you thanks!

[@lisakamphuis7549]

Wow, I understand it so much better by now! Thank you so much for this video!

[@wcart6453]

Extremely well done! First time I have really understood this!

[@Amin_3k]

Mann give this guy a reward. I finnaly understand it after an hour

[@JamesMidgleyChem]

Great work ! Love the addition of natural world examples to Gibbs.

[@lastname8102]

For the first time in my life i hv understood what Gibbs free energy really is without a doubt!. Damn,Thank you!,,

[@climax7260]

Thank you so much for your videos man! You are helping me with my chemistry exam.

[@shreygupta4113]

Thanks a lot... Gibbs free energy concept was always such a confusion for me.. u made it very clear & easy to understand..

[@Maneh7]

Thank you so much! I've watched many other videos on the topic but yours was the most helpful one. I finally got it!

[@longinusgaudin.6800]

Woooow the lesson is amazing... learning this is simply a spontaneous process

[@hyprk5590]

This explanation is very interesting and fun for me and it’s very helpful because it’s a little difficult to find some applications in nature except examples of some mechanical systems although I learned Gibbs free energy in thermodynamics in physics. Thank you for uploading this video.

[@hpispwn98]

thank you soooo much for this! this was the one thing i really needed brushing up on before the ap bio exam, now i think i've got it! :)

[@imaytravel]

It's soooo easy to understand..... Thank you for cracking that big problematic topic into simpler one.

[@pizzasrock]

Thank you so much Paul! I now have this concept in the bag!

[@bhushangayake2840]

You are really a perfect teacher. Thanks a ton to God to sent you on Earth

[@nastarannazari5062]

I just want to say that GOD LITERALLY BLESS YOU. I had a rough time understanding this conceopt

[@andychen3473]

This video is so helpful i couldnt grasp the concept but the video helped a lot, my teacher doesnt teach much lol

[@aashish77]

best explanation i've ever seen

[@basmaalkersh9228]

Extremely grateful to you. Greatly explained. Huge thanks 😊

[@chaitanyaagarwal1573]

Thank you really really thank you..For finally making this thing a bit sense

[@parthpandya9785]

Oh man, you r great. 1st time got some understanding of dG, other wise it was just useless(?) equation for me. Thanks for posting this stuff

[@matinrahimi2456]

Thank you VERY much Mr. Andersen. it helped me a lot...

[@powertube5671]

Thank you, thank you, thank you. Out of many texts and videos, this the first time I understand it. The problem, indeed is the use of "free". Because it is wrong! The cost is that the energy had to be put in, in the first place.

[@alreadyghosts7727]

GFE turns out to be simple to understand once you have a good teacher!

[@waterbear7416]

Thank you so much!!! Everything just clicked.

[@alexshalamayev]

i have only 5 words to say about this video : awesome ! awsome ! awesome ! awesome ! thnaks !!!!!!

[@jeremiahbaker6396]

your lectures are always helpful

[@austindolphin29]

Thank you for the great explanation! I was getting so confused in my chem class!

[@sudhakarpabba1764]

im thankful..for your great lecture ..sir..im struggle from few days about the basics of gibbs free energy which i missed in gardute level..thank you .so much .sir

[@ThunderNinja12]

hahahaha awesome video man i have a giant BIO FINAL and completely understood almost none of what my teacher said but now......after watching that video................. I UNDERSTAND!!!!!!!!! Thanks so much

[@dipannath1925]

Wonderful explanation of natural phenomenons ,,,, nice video

[@HP_PGT]

Thanks Sir....so well-illustrated.

[@profarvind]

Sir, I beg to differ with you. The total energy of the system does not decrease when the ball slides down.

[@AnupumPant]

When the ball comes down and stops magically as it is shown in the video, I think it does. But I'd like to hear your argument on where it increases in that system.

[@thomasjohnson809]

The whole point of the lecture is to explain what usable energy is, and when it becomes available or gets 'used up'. When the ball goes down the slide it does lose usable energy because the friction forces that decelerate it dissipate the energy through out the metal structure of the slide, which then gets transferred to the earth and gases in the atmosphere (since metals transfer heat efficiently). This inevitably dissipates from the earth as blackbody radiation and is spread throughout the universe, thus being rendered unusable...for now.

[@shoot991]

Tom Johnson You took the (Delta)G of 3 different reactions.... What?? Isn't that an improper usage of the equation? The gravitational potential energy in the ball on the slide is CONVERTED to kinetic energy. No actual change in energy of the ball other than maybe friction but it is negligible because the diagram in the diagram shown the ball stops also in a rotatory object such as a sphere because the ball is not slid along the slide it spins along the surface. I think what you were trying to explain is that (delta)G is the energy that you get from taking the potential energy of an object and using it and then converting it back. I have never studied Gibbs or have even heard of it but I think I got the concept better from what I learned here better than the average viewer because it was not explained in the most basic sense in enough detail. But I could be just as easily be very wrong. You explained the concept well but there is no continuity in the explanation of why... Only this is how things are. I dont know how anyone can learn why the equation works, if it is not explained. Also I am only 17 years old and am surprised that this is not caught by many more viewers.

[@Be1smaht]

I was going to say that

[@korealize]

the total energy of the ball is decreased and is released to the surroundings

[@siddhantdhingra6110]

Thnq soo much man Tq u cleared my concept and helped me a lot Plzzz post more videos I love the way u teach same as my sir like giving examples :)

[@youknowwho3351]

I needed this for my Molecular Biology class 😭😭😭😭😭

[@bagdadi420]

Made so simple and clear, thanks so much

[@naveenmoinuddin2466]

Thank you! I've been struggling on this topic forever now. and it finally makes more sense :D

[@pabloalbarran7572]

Your vid is awesome man, I hope you can keep doing this kind of really useful stuff.

[@g00gdobb3ers7]

This was an awsome video I appreciate all the effort :) but I have one nitpick, I think that it's dangerous to say energy is stored in bonds because you can cause confusion by saying that the energy is stored and that the breaking of those bond releases energy when in fact the formation of bonds is what gives off the energy and the breaking of bonds is what requires energy. the energy given off or required is strictly the energy differences between the reactants and products ;)

[@naten.2421]

Thanks for your videos! Best Chem videos online for MCAT prep!

[@williamsaraiva9142]

I'm from Brasil...I teach Biology and Chemistry and sorry for my bad English but I'd like to say that your explanation was very good...in Chemistry this kind of reaction is called endotermica ou exotermica but in biological system we say as you did endergônica e exegôrnica...these words came from latin and portuguese is similar to latin...than is easy to understand...congratulations!!!

[@surendersingal2192]

Thank u sir, great explanation on many aspects of energy.

[@martyshaw5785]

Love this Video! It makes the jibberish I was reading totally understandable! Thank you, thank you, thank you!

[@djelite07]

Thank you! You are more articulate and distinct to the topic than @khanacademy.

[@theperson1936]

Thankyou soo much I've had so much trouble trying to understand this

[@anmolkapoor9650]

At 9:56, why does the free energy curve increase further than the end before its resulting free energy level (photosynthesis)?

[@BernardoDominguesMD]

Actually, the breakdown of ATP requires an input of energy (all breakages are endergonic). The formation of ADP and Pi, by hydrolysis, is, in fact, what realeases a greater amount of energy (molecules formations are all exergonic), so that the net delta G becomes negative.

[@JupeHolmes]

Thank you! The formula is absolutely confusing but you made it easy!

[@elyssa8552]

At 6:54, may I know when delta G is lesser than zero, does spontaneous backwards has the same meaning as non-spontaneous reaction?

[@pigdog126]

It's confusing at 2:30 when he says the total energy has decreased. The potential energy has decreased but the kinetic energy has increased, so the total energy does not change. Can someone explain?

[@shubhraagarwal9250]

he said the total energy of the system (the ball) decreased, not the total energy of everything. as in: the energy has been lost from the system, i.e. the ball, as it has come to a stop and reached a stable, stationary, low energy state after all that movement. The energy it lost to reach a position of rest (through friction etc) is the same energy the surroundings gained. Hence: - the system's (the ball) energy reduced - the surrounding's energy increased by the same magnitude Conclusion: total energy of the system+surroundings remained the same.

[@dleewms]

Video was extremely helpful and easy to understand. Thank you!

[@JoelWelter]

Thanks for posting. Good graphics of the concept!

[@gw-mr_ruler4947]

Wow....saw this comment in 2020.....feeling happy to see this comment which was posted 9 years ago...i wish i could get a reply from you

[@eruur]

- Kinetic energy (KE): it is energy stored in the motion of the object (the ball in this case). At the start the ball has no speed. KE = 0. The ball has its KE going up while going down the slide. However as the ball stops at the end, the KE decreased again until it is equal to 0. So globally, the KE of the whole process is equal to 0. - The potential energy (PE): is equivalent to the interaction between the ball, and the other masses surrounding. The main PE source is the gravitational force.

[@wilson4706]

So how exactly does Free energy differ from potential energy? I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around why free energy being less than zero makes a reaction spontaneous. If there is no free energy to cause a reaction, shouldn't''t the reaction therefor not happen? Likewise, if the Free energy is greater than zero then the reaction is endergonic, meaning it consumes energy? I think i'm missing something. Great video though.

[@TMPChem]

Hi William. The definition of free energy as [G = H - TS = U + PV - TS ] looks quite non-intuitive and intimidating, but once you work through a bunch of derivations, you can show that if delta_G is negative during a process which occurs in a closed system at constant temperature and pressure, then that process will also increase the entropy of the universe, and thus that process will be spontaneous, as it does not violate the second law of thermodynamics. The value of negative delta_G during a (closed system, constant T and P) process also indicates the maximum amount of useful work which can be extracted from the system during that process (without violating the second law of thermodynamics). For example, if a reaction inside a battery produces 1 Joule of free energy, then the most work that battery can do (powering a laptop, accelerating a car, etc.) is 1 Joule of work.

[@biotechmiss]

thank you Mr Andersen ! you really make it easy !! ♥♥

[@MrFlaminDildo]

Thank you so much! You really helped me out...you have earned a subscriber my friend!