The Nervous System

041 - Animal Nervous System
Paul Andersen begins this podcast with a discussion of brain lateralization and gives a brief demonstration of tests that were performed on split-brain individuals. He then discusses the major parts of a neuron and explains how action potentials are generated using voltage-gated ion channels. He explains how neurotransmitters transmit messages across a synapse and how these messages can be either inhibitory or excitatory.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
www.bozemanscie...
Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: www.freesound.o...
Creative Commons Atribution License
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Bananas, n.d. openclipart.org....
"File:Action Potential Vert.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 9, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
"File:Butyric-Acid-3D-Balls.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 9, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
"File:Hemispheres.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 9, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
"File:Neuron Hand-Tuned.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 9, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
"File:Synapse diag1.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed December 9, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
Flower 7 Colors, n.d. all-free-downlo....
Saltcellar, n.d. openclipart.org....
Sun, n.d. openclipart.org....

[@tamargrey8529]

"you're forming memories right now" Oh god i hope so

[@asadyamin4867]

@Ashking01 lol

[@coreneabernathy3836]

Tamar Grey

[@lilianalex1417]

wooooow i like that

[@jenmb2679]

Not me. Ill have to watch this a million times

[@knightgaming3418]

E

[@imanz7681]

nothing like a little Bozeman and chill

[@marcelomello8797]

+Iman Zarrinkoub that is an amazing sentence.

[@pengfeidong5268]

*no other sentence can be taken so many different ways*

[@guitargod024]

Mr. Anderson you are literally the lifeline of my whole bio class. You can explain more in 5 minutes than my teacher can in 5 weeks

[@MsJulesHorne]

You have such a knack for making a complex subject understandable. Salty banana is exactly the type of easy to remember memory prompt which is so useful in an exam. Thank you

[@Nicole3900]

Keep in mind: In the PNS, myelin sheaths are made out of Schwann cells. In the CNS, myelin sheaths are made out of oligodendrocytes.

[@annalee2702]

If all teachers and professors taught like you, our world would be completely different. Thank you

[@gordonledwidge2557]

you are an excellent teacher, so clear, you make it simple and I can't thank you enough for all your videos, they are helping me gain the understanding I do not get in class. you are a true gift from spirit. rainbow

[@nightfox380]

Took A&P and gained a rough understanding of the Na+/K pump, action potential, and nerve synapses, but now everything is suddenly clear after watching this video. Thank you so much for this.

[@xxwafflez]

Salty banana. Great analogy, really helped me understand where the concentration gradients began and changed. Thanks!

[@roryspiller]

salticrax

[@Joannawysiwyg]

I'm 68 years old and just discovered this series. What a great way to finally learn some biology--I could listen to you all day! Thanks, you gifted teacher. "Every day's a school day."

[@bridgettewalker3739]

My AP Bio teacher assigns these to us for HW and it's honestly so helpful!! You explain everything so simply so I can understand but it gets the lesson through really well!

[@jbfamequeen]

Just wanted to say that i've watched this video probably four times and each time I've been confused about action potentials and the potassium pump - but finally I got it! I feel so proud of myself but also so thankful to you for explaining this process so well. Thank you so much for all the hard work you do!!

[@vickygilcespedes6012]

Oh my God I am so grateful for this man. he is the best explaining this subject. I can say i have learnt more with him than with my teacher. She only read ppt at class. Thanks Mr. Anderson, you are the best.

[@syedaali866]

you just taught me what my teacher couldn't for 2 classes, I swear I almost gave up studying for this test. god bless you!

[@CloroxBleach-gb1uc]

I definatly didn't say it was a flower I thought it was the color weel

[@sumiketra9271]

Me too bro!

[@jennyB07]

My teacher showed us this video in class a while ago... I live in germany but our school lets us choose between biology class in german or in english, so this is extremely helpful for me, so THANK YOU!

[@minpark2664]

You are better than what my science teacher has ever explained in his class. Very specific and useful for science dummies like me! Love you and thank you sooo much!!

[@amberg.6594]

I am so glad that I found your videos. They have made a huge difference in my gpa for Human Biology! Thank you so much for taking all this time....

[@ithinkmynameismoo5e]

The salty banana is the first time I was able to get the ions correct. Each other explanation is confusing about what flows where-when. Brilliant, as simple as anything but explains it perfectly.

[@MariaLourdes-mn3xx]

You are a GENIUS, Mr. Anderson! Thank You!

[@hem5337]

You are awesome. I would never be able to pass A&P without your videos. I got over 100 on my last exam, when the class average was only 80, because of these videos. Thank you so much!!

[@vanitycocaine91]

I took anatomy and physiology over 5 years ago, and I kinda forgot a little and your videos are serving as a refresher to my dimmed memory. I'm going to pass the Teas Test with ease.

[@peacelovemeaghan]

So informative and simplified! I've been watching your videos since Grade 12 and they've continued to help me through first year university science courses. Thank you so much for your help!

[@tak2malay24]

FROM INDIA "Guru Jee" (sir) , touching your feet for your blessing. You are epitome of gravity of impact a good teacher makes on common lives of students turning few of hem into extraordinary minds.

[@lorreeandco.7717]

Glad I'm not the only bio student coming here with a jumble of confusing notes about action potentials and Na/K pumps, looking for a better explanation. 🥴 You actually make sense. But I'll still need to watch this one a few more times haha

[@davelangford2439]

I've watched a lot of your videos now and this is the the best one so far IMO. Very well presented.

[@roryspiller]

OMG I TOATS AGREE BAE

[@vidya.v]

My favourite video - it helped me in school, in a biology olympiad and is still helping me in college. Thank you very much!

[@colinstepuszek7244]

Dr. Bozeman, you are the GOAT! they way you are able to break down a video in more in depth detail as well as present it so we can understand it is amazing!! Please continue to do what you do because you help me understand Bio!

[@Yomomma-jf9iy]

Based on what I read on pewdiepie (I honestly have no idea why KZbin users behave the way they do), I guess sharing his links counts a lot for the algorithm. Try doing that, it will help the GOAT.

[@lilmamasofly9111]

You dont know how much your videos help me

[@Zak.f]

Your voice is so soothing!

[@Thic85Nic]

Amazing.. I defiently just told my Physiology professor about your videos and how great & helpful they are. I appreciate all you have taught me this semester. Keep up the GREAT work

[@lisapanter4725]

You are THE BEST professor ever!!

[@WiktoriaSta]

these videos are literally the reason i'm doing well in bio. Thank you so much! So reliable as well !!

[@roryspiller]

Congrats bae

[@5kyzthelimit]

This guy should be my biology professor!! short lessons that summarize a whole chapter.

[@leafspoof13]

your voice is so relaxing but not the bad relaxing so i don't fall asleep like i usually do in class

[@khayyam3000]

You've outdone yourself again Mr. Bozeman!!!!

[@Ali-dm1ly]

Wow, thank you so much for this video. I could not, for the life of me, understand what an action potential was and you completely cleared that up for me.

[@firefighter3433]

My teacher talks about this for hours i don't understand him but you do in 17 minutes and i clearly understand

[@sarahcannizzaro987]

bozemans science and craig savage videos are enuff for me to score top marks thanks alot to both of u..you guys are just amazing..

[@ThreeFreeTrees]

Bozeman Science, my favorite KZbinr!!!

[@raiskhan-xn9dp]

You are THE BEST professor ever........... THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@baileyedwards4530]

The explanation of the split brain thing reminds me of that episode of House with the guy whose left hand hated everyone.

[@sarahhess464]

Bailey Edwards The human brain is a interesting machine . Who know to what extend a person can manipulate the human body with the right conditioning and training or access the subconscious mind. I know some people who been training for years in such disciplines and technique's. They can control their heart beat and body temperatures and reset their sense of smell. When people get used to a smell they stop noticing it , They can also boost up the sense of smell and even able to push aside external distraction to more easily focus on sound and this makes them better at detecting lies. When people lie theirs a small shift in sound or variation for some people it is very slight almost unnoticeable for others it more bold and easier to detect. They keep trying to develop new disciplines and techniques to manipulate their own body and minds. I understand they are currently trying to mimic the effect of channeling electrical power through them without killing them. They heard about a man who is able to do it and are trying to mimic the effect. People sense accurate things about people all the time on a instinctual level. I wonder if its genetic or trainable. They do look very much alike.

[@ElaGTheBoss]

+Bailey Edwards yeah, I did a research project on alien hand syndrome (inspired by that episode of house), the corpus callosum surgery is actually one of its main causes too.

[@Cayticautchin]

Good sir, you make biology interesting. Got an A on my test thanks to you :3

[@sebastianm.6875]

you are awesome. teach better than people with doctorate degrees at my school

[@RANZER55]

Haha 'salty banana', that's the best analogy ever, cheers!

[@laceymariemclear]

Thanks so much for all the videos!!!!!! I couldn't have passed my anatomy and physiology class without them!!!

[@DontBeThatGuyy]

That moment when you finally realize what the lines on a heart monitor are

[@Competitive_Antagonist]

You mean the action potential? It's actually a bit different. The heart trace is a composite from the electrical activities from the various ventricles and valves of the heart. The heart trace looks quite different, but is similar in that it has an excitatory and refactory stage. The different peaks can tell you a lot about the different fuctions of the heart, like long QT. The peaks are named QRST in respective order and a heart with the long QT will take longer to go through the 4 peaks making it less efficient at distributing oxgyen to the body. Someone more qualified may explain this better, but I don't think the action potential is the same as the heart trace.

[@alihamed3731]

I love you. Your teachings have helped me in bio. So much better than my teacher

[@atayavuzer608]

+Ali Hamed feel you bro

[@katiehostetler2673]

Thank you so much mr Anderson. I wouldn't be surviving ap bio without these videos

[@GraceMia44]

We've been doing all of this in psychology, but its great just to watch everything i know as a summary!

[@saakethkoka224]

Midterms tomorrow. I am gonna spend all night watching these.

[@sarahtorres8640]

You're awesome! You explain everything better than my professor in half the time!

[@P14N0L0V3R]

"you shall not pass" LOL

[@DJcMugaba]

YOU SHALL NOW PASS your class

[@kobealvarez2724]

@@DJcMugaba that was me like 3 days ago but im barely passing lol

[@bananacanada25]

TYSM! I'm understanding this for the first time!

[@jennifertorres5106]

I am loving the way you explain things, Thank you !!!!!!

[@jamesgordan1575]

Paul Anderson is awesome .

[@andreaurueta928]

i love you, can you be my college professor? Seriously, we need more of you!!!

[@justinbaskall8291]

Thank you so much. I've been trying to understand neeons and how action potentials work for my bio class. This really helped.

[@kevingreco672]

Thanks for all your work

[@coraliematthews4295]

Many thanks for these informative, easy to understand videos, am studying neuroscience at the moment and these straightforward explanations are exquisite. I have I hope (thanks to my neurons) kept most of the info imparted.

[@squizzyt8698]

Super cool then and now 2021...thanks

[@alexw2366]

Brilliant explanation as always.

[@roryspiller]

i love Bozeman Science!

[@helenamelon]

great video! that actually really helped me understand my college bio exam.

[@pccnamusic]

It's insanely fascinating how the brain works

[@MsJune3000]

This Video helped me a lot! Watched it 2 times and took some notes and I understand it now. Thank you so much :)

[@王韵琪]

Thank you so much for saving me from the book. Mr.A you got yourself an admirer. A question: are the inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter forming a new action potential curve by leveling at the receptor neuron (or whatever it is called) or are they literally voting and the winners' message is transferred? (If you can understand what I'm taking about....) Thanks to anyone reading this

[@maegulick]

you've been a blessing to us... thank you... thank you...

[@xograciebabiexo]

I have to say you really have helped there. I couldn't get my head around it and its been driving me mad but thank you so much exams soon and I appreciate you doing the video has helped me so much :)

[@AimanM]

I hate this topic but you make it seem so easy. But we have a lot more information regarding this like different types of channels, etc. I wish we just had this much :(

[@tishtishtishy]

your videos are great! seriously helping me get through college right now.

[@isaidromerogavino8902]

Damn, I couldn't tell what I saw when you showed the earth and the flower, so I was afraid to have some problem related to my corpus colossus. However, I was totally able to identify the sun, while testing the other size of our sight. Finally, I concluded there wasn't any issue with my brain or its functions. Only after realizing this was all due to being a left handed person, myself. Never thought something of this great depth and cognitive-essential as this (the way in which we process visual stimuli and can identify images, depending on which side is received) could be tested as easily as you did here. Even less, that said process could, possibly, be affected by which one of the sides is the dominant one. Just amazing and mind-blowing!!

[@anikixvi]

It IS helpful!!!! Thank you thank you thank you!!! Beated reading over -and spacing out while doing it- looooooong endless pages if words!!!

[@rendavis4945]

It happens at the nodes of Ranvier. A change in voltage across a plasma membrane can only occur in areas of the axon that are non-myelinated. In myelinated axons, the only areas that are non-myelinated are the nodes of Ranvier. (my notes)

[@salong53]

The Na+ and K+ channels are voltage-gated, meaning that they open and close in response to voltage thresholds which are governed by ion concentrations. So Na+ diffuses in through a channel, and the more it diffuses, the more it spreads inside the axon, causing that local voltage change to spread to adjacent voltage-gated channels. Imagine this like a domino effect where one channel after another opens in response to Na+ diffusing in upstream and then diffusing downstream with the conc. gradient.

[@Ahsoka_Tano]

I am taking Anatomy right now and these videos help out a lot, so thank you :-)

[@1320Dj]

Another awesome video to help me out on biology, Thanks!

[@DavidL999]

Your videos are great and very helpful. The college notes I have for anatomy are only good for sending me to sleep.

[@natsudragneel6669]

I LEARNED SO MUCH! I am about to do some report about this topic and you gave me so much Idea on how to explain it more effectively. THANKS! ^_^

[@user13947]

You're the best! Thanks!!!

[@superninjadinosaur10]

you're helping me pass my bio unit exam you wonderful person you ^___^

[@SalimMohammedphrm2015]

An awesome recap on my first semester BIOL1040 contents. Thanks! :)

[@SalimMohammedphrm2015]

BIOL1020 is straight forward compared to 1040 lul

[@SalimMohammedphrm2015]

Righto

[@luisrule1]

Dude you are my savior!Thank you

[@jennyshang]

Hi Mr. Anderson. It has come to my attention that Na-K pumps pump 3 Na+ ions out, and 2 K+ ions in, as opposed to the 3 out and 3 in as illustrated in your animation.

[@mohammedmiah7159]

That's not the pump that's the gradient

[@theambrosius105]

Sir it was really helpful... Do make such video...

[@jjauzie]

Awesome explanation !!!!!!!!!!!!!! Thanks so much and I think your videos are really helpful for my final exams coming a later couple of week

[@karlaiulia3904]

Love this ! I understood all about the nervous system from this video even if I'm romanian and I don't speak english very good

[@linchen910]

This is so great! Thank you so much for making it

[@imaMickeysman]

Thank you for the clear explanation

[@djiplus1090]

Thank you Sir! you are a Master Teacher

[@megavore97]

Every time I watch one of these videos, I can't help but think of the matrix. Well Hello Mr.Anderson...

[@bigstrongfast]

You explained it much better than my professor

[@עיריתגרוס]

mr anderson, thank u so much! you are awsome!!! you helped us a lot!

[@lilachu7654]

Thank you for the video.

[@elenamontenegroborbolla4255]

The video is quite interesting and very well organised, but be careful: calcium ions are Ca²+ not only Ca+ (in synapses process)

[@hannahsive]

you are saving my life

[@salong53]

It has already happened upstream. Since the action potential is directional, the impulse originates at one end of the cell and propogates to the other end.

[@alkapaturi7662]

Thank you so so so much!

[@bradyhayden]

Wow. You actually make me LIKE biology. Thank you!

[@TheMerciless92]

You make it so understandable! Thank you so much!

[@youcefbch4576]

You're the best mr , ithank you soo much