The Action Potential

[@gfgit6148]

Whenever this man needs a kidney, I am there for him.

[@jeaninemiller4207]

I spent hours with multiple lecture notes and reference books trying to understand what this man made clear in 14 minutes!

[@carolinaamador179]

Ahahahahahahaha!! Same here!!

[@gfgit6148]

im not sure but i think this man is some kind of jesus

[@carolinaamador179]

@@gfgit6148 you are a funny man!! Thanks for the chuckles!

[@joshuajose2745]

@@carolinaamador179 idk abt him being funny, but I do know he's the best escape artist... 😂💯 #prisonbreak

[@TimothySpokes]

Bro this guy literally taught 6 lectures in 14 minutes. What are my profs doing??!?!

[@Mike-dc2cn]

ikr crazy dude, hs teacher give mega long notes lol

[@am.d7512]

They're stuck in resting potential mode.

[@TimothySpokes]

@@am.d7512 I'm crying 😂😂😂 you're so right!

[@pavitrapadmanathan5637]

@@am.d7512 HAHAHA VERY TRUE

[@rabelaniramulumisi4417]

Hectic😂

[@SS8styles]

as a medstudent I've "learned" this so many times but wow, this is the first time where I feel like I've gone beyond memorizing and actually own this material. The meaningful use of images, animations, and timely explanations really reminds me that the rest of them are taking our cash & killing us with powerpoint out here...what is education

[@jelly_belly101_2]

fr whats a powerpoint finna do

[@tasbarnes6230]

@@briancheong2087 hilarious... people thinking they know it all by watching a few videos. Can't count the number of times I've seen people make these claims and then look like deer in the headlights when asked about related concepts. Sort of like anti-vaxxers...

[@soumilim4689]

@@briancheong2087 Yes 💗

[@alessandromanno6029]

You can literally tell the difference between someone who is actually passionate about their field and wants to educate others with their knowledge, compared to someone who uses their success to boost their ego and collect a check. From the 2 videos I saw, Bozeman actually made me genuinely excited and interested in learning these topics. If I had a prof like him, I would constantly be engaged in my learning!

[@williamnavarro5526]

Bozeman out here saving lives

[@vicneshwaranair1482]

true

[@floga10]

Father Boze

[@tsuki1840]

same

[@shaneguico2917]

honestly

[@amandahernandez6117]

Yes

[@owenallen4863]

I wanna shake this guy's hand. He's taught me more than my actual teacher

[@chicagogirl4everanda]

I started watching this channel as a high school freshman in 2015. It's now 2022 and I'm a first year medical student who always comes back to Mr. Anderson to refresh my knowledge. Beyond thankful for his help!!

[@isinsuu]

aww that’s so cute actually

[@yoongi4lifeu219]

Omg. That's nice!! I have a similar story here. I watched him in his first year when applying to nursing. I finished my nursing degree a couple of weeks ago, and I am currently preparing for my MCAT, which is next week. Congratulations on your acceptance.

[@cindyyahia869]

The doctor that gave us this lesson tried explaining it in an hour and we still didn't understand a single word while you here explained it in 14 minutes and I was able to understand it completely. You're the best!!

[@Galyte]

I've been an avid watchers since high school, and as a current college student taking on a physiology course, this video has saved me from a rough night of studying. I hope you know how much your videos help students. Thank you!

[@ddfamf88]

How I wish these videos were available 35 years ago when I was in college.

[@HowniGzu]

i wish i had you as my professor in all of my college courses, you're seriously such a huge help and the way you portray the information in such a way that makes it understandable is awesome.

[@shahadhz5805]

Mr. Bozeman, I want to thank you alot, alot ! I passed my Bachelor’s ( 3 years ago) because of you! Literarily, when I was struggeling with something I was just searching for that in your page ! And I finished my Master’s 2 years ago because of you ! And now I am doing my MD and I cannot skip your channel at all! Your videos are always there when I feel lost ! Thanks alot !

[@crystalurbina8075]

This was the most helpful, thank you sooo much! I caught myself going "OHHHH" so many times because I finally understood everything thoroughly.

[@amylouise5885]

I'm a second year university student and unfortunately, my lecture on this was very rushed and sadly the lecturer's first language is not English, so we struggled a bit to understand him. This video was clear, well-spoken and illustrated, and I can finally understand what is going on in my physiology class. Thank you so much!

[@ZahidNeem]

do you go to york? Cause I feel your pain if so lol

[@natemcgregor8171]

Zahid Neemuchwala nah we just hold forks

[@makyronkingoferidu3016]

Most people can’t understand English very well in the first place. It was just you who couldn’t understand the lecturer. You should have opened your mouth and ask them to repeat themselves. Instead you allowed them to continue talking as if nobody had an issue understanding them.

[@jatinthakur7887]

@@makyronkingoferidu3016 some people are not as rude as you so you are the one who is dumb and need to shutup

[@aloovertheworld4948]

I'm on the same boat!

[@ZantherStone]

How is he able to explain this just SO clearly!? Every word is precise. He has no extra, but also not missing anything essential. Just gives you a SOLID understanding on basics. Wow. I think hit's b/c he really listens to his students and what they need and how they think.

[@jarodjohnson8415]

Mr. Anderson, you are far and away the best teacher I have ever had the pleasure of learning from.

[@Nitro0xide]

thanks daddy anderson

[@PearlSmileyFacee]

dis made me laugh so hard

[@ayemanmahbub371]

God bless this man. You just taught me 10 lecture videos and 50 pages under 15 minutes.

[@raduantoniu]

Excellent explanation!

[@kyannedavis2803]

He has such an excellent way of explaining things, it's incredible. Whenever I'm stuck on a concept after my professor teaches it and I've studied the textbook, I watch Mr. Anderson explain it and it becomes clear as day. What a phenomenal teacher.

[@OasisMilo]

My god you are a good teacher. Very calm and clear. Love it!

[@nikkihuang7635]

That answered soo many of the questions I had and even ones that I wasn't able to articulate! Thank you so much

[@elafalasadi7308]

MCAT gang here! Thank you so much for making these amazing videos!

[@NikkiJohnsonFreeThinker]

Wow ... this is taught at just the perfect speed with exactly the right amount of information. Thank you for explaining not only what happens but WHY in such a crystal-clear way. High-five, Paul! 🙌

[@danielaromerovargas7241]

I don't think you understand how many times I've been taught/explained this and until watching your video I am finally able to get it. Thank you very much for creating such powerful graphics simple yet exactly what I needed to learn

[@Dani-ge1zw]

I was reading textbooks, searching for Crash Course and Khanacademy video and NONE were as helpful as this one. BELIEVE ME. Thank you so much for all that you've done to teach people like me.

[@konsteemeli]

These videos contain everything essential in exactly the right order. You really have thought it through. Best youtube teacher.

[@kolibril4265]

This is complex knowledge presented in an very dense, but at the same time comprehensive and visual way. Thanks a lot for this masterpiece of didactics!

[@mohammedalsikafi8238]

you are the real OG. My professor spend a whole lecture explaining this and took hours. You did it in 14 minutes. Thank you sir.

[@lindseymarshall3191]

I literally made a youtube account so that I could comment on this. Thank you for doing what you do!! This video was SO helpful

[@FeyTheBin]

I'm eating banana chips while watching this video; it's literally a salty banana.

[@deephillips875]

One 14 minute video gave me greater clarity than two chapters and a handful of Khan videos. Thank you!

[@anniemckenzie13]

Paul Andersen does it again! My teacher in high school and I am still learning from you in college :) Thank you for all you do! Hope all is well, Mr. Andersen!

[@yashmhase3212]

My professor taught us this for 3 hours and nothing got in my brain....this guy explained in 14 minutes and I understood the whole concept!

[@gheedomar2170]

The fact that everything clicked when I watched this vid is amazing.. we need more people like you in universities👏🏻

[@LisaSimpson2]

Hey Bozeman Science! Another great lesson (I remember this one well!). I haven't watched one of your videos in aaaages, just been refreshing my memory, but I used to watch them all the time back when I was studying Human Biology at college. Just thought I'd say a big thank you! Without you and your amazing lessons I would never have gotten a B for biology! The teacher was great but didn't teach us that much really but I'd go home and study using your videos and I learnt soooo much! I knew absolutely nothing about biology before your videos now I remember all of this stuff (even now years later). Please keep up the great work you do! Your lessons are really well explained and easy to understand, thanks so much for the amazing knowledge and good grade as I have you to thank partly for that :-)

[@kelseycrumrine9060]

This guy is awesome!! Taught in 15 min what my professor taught in like 5 hours. 10/10 recommend for people who have zero background in phys and need a generic breakdown.

[@timothyvanpelt_cyclist]

Thank you, one of the best explanations. At 9:12 you say the signal won't move to the left due to repolarization of the segment to the left, opening up the potassium channels, resulting in an outflow of K+. But I think it's also due to the Na+ channels being in an inactive state, requiring a few ms to become closed (and they can only open up again from the closed state).

[@drakerohithdrizzysr]

Could you start making an organic chemistry video series -sincerely, struggling premed

[@IndraSchrage]

also strongly supported by pharmaceutical sciences student

[@yeremyrus4056]

@@IndraSchrage ditto

[@mikehunt3688]

How's school going?

[@henry2335]

How’s it going? Made it in?

[@aloovertheworld4948]

OMG YESS PLEASE!!

[@latoshiawilliams296]

Wow! I learned so much from this guy. I had trouble with this topic in Psychology class but now I understand it better.

[@filippetrovic9823]

I honestly don't know what I would do without channels like this... like this guy is 5 times better than all of my professors combined :) I am so grateful

[@raaspider]

Very few people have this type of talent to present a complex topic in such a clear way...bravo...bravi...applauso...👏👏👏

[@jekaterinaromanova6701]

Thank you for making complex information so easy to understand and more importantly - memorize and retain in a long term memory. Makes learning anatomy fun vs. stressful.

[@anisfarhad1506]

You have no idea how thankful I am to you.

[@Fireflymeadow]

This was extremely comprehensive, thorough and all-around well-explained! Thank you so much!

[@cait7140]

I’m doing a major in neuroscience and you’re still saving my butt. You are a god send. I’ve never found anyone that explains things and clearly and concisely as you. Also, salty banana? Perfect.

[@andrewholton6585]

Top class, generous and unpatronising revision for Neurologists and Clinical Neurophysiologists trying to remember the scientific basis of their everyday clinical practice

[@emmabarron3988]

This has really helped me remember neurons. And with the AP test right around the corner, that is a blessing. Thank you so much for this video! Salty Bananas makes it SO easy to remember. keep up the great work! :)

[@yakarotsennin3115]

Woah!!! You explained so much in depth in such a short period!! Also love the simulation, they are very helpful for envisioning the influx of Na and Exflux of K as well as the movement of the impulse down the axon. Best video i’ve seen on the topic so far.

[@emmanuelrodriguezsilva9613]

I don´t know how to use the appropiate words to describe how grateful I am for this tremendous effort you have made in all your videos. Thank you so much. You explain clearly. Greetings from Mexico

[@anniecberry]

SO HELPFUL THANK YOU!! from a biopsychology student

[@shaiktanveer]

Difficult topic to understand but you made it simple ... Hats off sir

[@mg2172]

this was so helpful; I'm learning about this in my neuroscience class right now. thanks!

[@XTheSpartanX7]

This is great. I have a week until my exam. Been typing each main topic from my physiology class into youtube then watching the videos and taking serious notes. Much better job than my professor because I can rewind you !!!!

[@meep2026]

SOOOO HELPFUL!! this is such a confusing topic but thanks for explaining it so well! I understand it now!!

[@beyondhope4humanity]

Totally life saving video! I was absent throughout the class lessons on this topic! And boring notes wouldn't help visualizing the real situation that happens!

[@mertc1529]

man that is so inspirational. you literally explain tons of informations fluently and densely, and , of course, understandably

[@msp.9780]

Best video for AP I have seen so far! If only someone in college had explained it to me that easily. Long live the salty banana.

[@sanaalsarayreh]

I can't memorize this for the life of me! And it doesn't help that I'm taking this class during the summer and I am the mother of a 16 month old baby. Ugggh! Good luck to all! Send positive energy my wayyy

[@JoshB-zc5jb]

Wait.....omg best of luck for that!

[@MrValkyr1e]

More power to you, lady

[@MMJ243]

I relate.... good luck hope you did great

[@beyondhope4humanity]

May Allah make it easy upon you sister💖 Aameen

[@riglakhanpal4167]

@Strawberry Dobreva fuck off

[@Tommykee999]

so salty bananas are what's letting me type this message cool

[@Bozemanscience1]

very cool

[@TheAbele992]

Does the undershoot returning to its resting potential refer to the refractory period.

[@jackbillington2124]

yeah also known as hyperpolarization

[@hisxmark]

We ("I" am three billion cells and three hundred billion synapses.) are chemistry chemical aware of hundreds of billions of galaxies. Not to put too fine an edge on it, that makes "me" AWESOME! (You too, but who cares?)

[@michellecheng9425]

thanks a lot professor! I have been watching your videos for three years! From preparing for the listening test of TOEFL to AP till now in university! All of the videos are super helpful!

[@HypnoVeil]

Described in the best and most efficient way. Kudos.

[@sukhmanisidhujakhar184]

Best Vedio on KZbin which explains Action potential concept crystal clear. Thank you so much. I have watched I don't know how many vedios before, read text but was confused till date. U did amazing job.

[@kouroshparastesh5069]

You are amazing sir! Your videos helped me a lot with studying for my MCAT!

[@WitchSmeller74]

Thank you so much for these videos. I'm sure it took a lot of effort on your part, but you have blessed so many students with your ability to explain seemingly complex concepts in an easy to understand way. Easily one of the most useful channels on KZbin.

[@alexisgjondrekaj2229]

I rarely comment on youtube videos but this video was amazing. This was the most clear explanation and over 2 weeks of lecture did not compare to this 14 minute video! You are awesome thank you so much for your videos you are a HUGE help to this pre med student.

[@marianaaldana7635]

I’ve seen countless videos on the subject and none is as good as this one!!!

[@susannalung3150]

Feeling ready for my BIO 162 exam today thanks to you!

[@isabellarussell4407]

Thank you for actually explaining it with the visuals that you included, it finally actually clicked and i actually understand what is going on. I have been so confused!!!

[@realCherryBombRN]

Thank YOU!!! 5 in class lectures, and I finally understand everything thanks to this one video! Life saver! Salty banana...you should make t shirts. FRFR

[@deepthibadam4177]

you are just so awesome!!! watching this the night before the AP biology exam your webpage and everything was so helpful!

[@williamnavarro5526]

You’re doing something wrong if your studying this for the AP Bio exam

[@williamnavarro5526]

You’re

[@majdmohamad30]

That was the best explanation i have heard everrrr, thank you.

[@benwillard6751]

The animations are amazing and have been a long time coming. Watching the action is the ONLY way to understand this!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Insurmountable kudos to the animator!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@seasonal_clorox_bleach8308]

Was more helpful than a whole lecture from my university teacher, with basically the same level of detail. Wow

[@wendypopez]

I have my biology final exam tomorrow and this video came at the perfect time. Thank you so much! :)

[@AliBaba-di8jn]

Can my tuition funds go towards this hero? He's helped me get A's in neurobiology, biochemistry and genetics. Greatly appreciate these videos.

[@ratboy717]

These animations are so helpful, coupled with your great explanations. My prof basically just reads us the textbook and it was hard for me to figure out what exactly was going on in the neuron.

[@soramin1599]

i have electrophysiology exam tomorrow and this sums up almost all the material i had to prepare thank u so much!

[@louislang3011]

best video about this subject! you explained many aspects that are important but aren't explained in other videos/books. the animation and fluidity make it easier to understand. thank you so much

[@syrellee]

I was confused from the lecture today at school, but now I totally get this action potential. Thank you! Onto the next video, The Synapse!

[@sufia2151]

Thank you, this is the most clear, illustrative and complete explanation of the topic. Very grateful for your efforts.

[@rldrummer40]

Salty "effin" Bananas! You guys will never understand how long I've been trying to remember which side starts off positive and negative. I learn it, then after a test, forget it. I relearn it, then after a test forget it again. It was a vicious, tiring, annoying cycle. In fact, I'm watching this video (3rd video I might add) because I couldn't remember and the other videos didn't explain clearly enough for this brain. Again, repeating the cycle. All it took was Salty Bananas. Are you freaking kidding me??? God bless you and salty bananas. In honor of this clever memory technique, I will eat a salty banana.

[@hellokitty-lw2mb]

You've got a nice sense of humor, young man!

[@Ratnadip-podobi-nai-ba-dilam]

He will never know that there is small villages in the world. And there is a student of his lives in it. He teaches me almost all the basics of life sciences in simplest possible way. He is ...❤

[@Letvanillahelp]

When he said i hope that was helpful….i was like ARE U KIDDING ME !!! THAT WAS BEYOND HELPFUL thank you so much !

[@sarahgraham1121]

Thanks so much for this video! It made my 100+ powerpoint lecture slides on this subject all come together & make sense.

[@daisontvarghese1347]

I had a better understanding after watching this!! I looked a Lot of vdos but this is the best. And I don't need to look for another. Thankyou sir.

[@kittensb7967]

10/10 the best explanation of action potential Ive seen. Thanks a tone

[@fioreariadne]

Just like so many people here, you made my life much much easier today! Great explanation, thank you!

[@VyvienneEaux]

1) The maximum voltage at the peak of the action potential is primarily set by the voltage-gated potassium channels, which open at +30 mV. The voltage-gated sodium channels open by the movement of positively charged membrane-spanning domains in response to voltage but don't close in response to voltage-- they close at an arbitrarily short time after opening because each channel comes with a positively charged plug (the ball) that, like the Na+ ions, has an electrostatic affinity for the ion channel's core. This binding renders the channels refractory (absolute refractory period). This 'plugging' is only reversed during repolarization, when the ion channel's membrane-spanning domains move back into position, burying the ion channel's core once again. This is the real reason why the preceding channels will not open again (9:10). Remember, they are above threshold for most of the spike of the action potential, so they would fire again if not for the absolute refractory mechanism. 2) A common misconception about action potentials is that they arise due to changes in ion concentration. While, on the surface, this seems to make sense, it violates the first law of thermodynamics because it would imply that the K+ ions are diffusing against their electrochemical gradient set by the resting membrane potential. The reality is that action potentials are due to the increase in membrane permeability to the various ions, and the concentrations only change by

[@pyrogirl55]

How is it that I've gone through years of physiology, psychology, kinesiology, and biology and no one has ever mentioned the salty banana? Only helpful mnemonic I've ever gotten for this

[@SuhaibM1]

My high school A&P teacher recommended this video to me. I had to watch it like 6 times just to get a grasp on what's going on but that's prolly cuz I'm in high school. Amazing video tho. Very thorough. Keep it up man.

[@fburton8]

Great video. I will certainly recommend it to my students. My one quibble would be when you say (at 6:18) that a "huge amount" of sodium comes into the cell. As the PhET neuron simulation shows, when you click Show Concentrations, the ion concentrations really don't change that much. It takes only a relatively small proportion of the ions to cross the membrane to produce the changes in potential seen in an AP. The phrase "sodium rushes in" is liable to give the impression of large concentration changes that require the Na/K pump to restore the gradient _in every AP_, when its role is more like that of "recharging the battery". In other words, if you knock out the Na/K pump e.g. with the poison ouabain, a cell will still be able to fire off APs for a while (how many will depend on the size of the cell). Eventually, repeated APs will "run the battery down". The reason APs can still be generated without the Na/K pump working to restore the ion gradient is that the gradient is change only a little by an AP in most cell types (the exception being tiny cells where an AP really does change the concentrations significantly). This comment is intended to be constructive, and I hope you take it that way. I think your videos are a superb educational resource.

[@Mister_Soyuz_on_YT]

fburton8 So, the role of poison is a EPSPs? Since it triggers APs at an explosive rate than its norm.

[@dannichols6261]

Джинзó Аркайдия , No, I don't think so. Ouabain interferes with the Na/K PUMP, it doesn't have anything to do with triggering APs as far as I can see from my readings. From wikipedia, "Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside that acts by inhibiting the Na+/K+-ATPase sodium-potassium ion pump."

[@chriserony]

Thank you for your reply! That was actually my question when I watched this, if we have leak channels that let Potassium out and Sodium in, when the axom becomes unbalanced after an action potential and below resting potential, how the small leak channels are suppose to let the sodium back out and the potassium back in if the inside was now mostly sodium. If only a small change is required to reach action potential, it makes a lot more sense.

[@محمداحمد-ظ4ظ6د]

@@chriserony because Na/ K ATPase

[@membola]

Great presentation. Recent research suggests that the ball doesn't actually go inside the channel to block it, it pushes on the outside of the channel to close it.

[@sarahadam703]

Best ever action potentials explanation I have ever came across in my whole life ... thank you very much. We see your greate effort and hard work

[@donovanlucibello6420]

Thank you, Mr. Andersen, you have been helping me (and many others) for years now!

[@maddypeikin6928]

wow. this is the first time I've ever understood this whole process! you are incredible!!! amazing explanation. sooo helpful!

[@ruthreinhold5645]

So, so helpful. I was so confused about this subject and you just completely cleared it up for me and gave a great overview afterwards too. Thank you!!

[@xxgalaxykittyxx6855]

I swear your videos have helped me understand concepts better than any textbook has

[@miri5516]

This is the best educational video I've seen today, and I've seen many.

[@hanschristianteves1112]

thank you sir! it took me several hours to understand the reading. now i understand how it work!