Brain Imaging, Crash Course

00:00 - Intro
01:18 - Case
02:05 - Approach to Imaging
02:50 - Landmark Review
02:53 - Head CT
09:30 - Asymmetry
12:18 - Density
12:40 - Hyperdensity
16:46 - Hypodensity
20:01 - MRI seqences
22:45 - Vasogenic vs Cytotoxic Edema
26:11 - Hyperintensity
39:28 - Hypointensity
40:34 - Summary for intensities
41:47 - Back to the case
43:06 - Patterns of Enhancement
53:31 - Case wrap-up
54:09 - Summary
57:56 - Bloopers
This video is intended for medical students on clinical rotation and junior trainees to understand an approach, ordering and interpretation of CT-based and MR-based imaging.
Created by: Igor Rybinnik MD and Steven Schonfeld, MD
Produced and narrated by:
Igor Rybinnik MD
Neurology Clerkship Director
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Images adapted from, and redrawn whenever possible:
Lee TC, Mukundan S. Netter's Correlative Imaging Neuroanatomy. Saunders, 2015
Posner JB, Saper CB, Schiff ND, Plum F. Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 4th Ed. Oxford, 2007
Zimny A, et al. Pol J Radiol. 2013;78(4): 36-46.
El-Feky M, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 53180
Photo by Joel Sartore for National Geographic, 2014.
Smirniotopoulos JG, et al. RadioGraphics 2007; 27:525-551
Wijdicks EFM, Kramer AH. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier, 2017.
Jonas SN, et al. AJNR 2018
Ruales F. Radiopaedia.org, rID 16111.
Gaillard F. Radiopaedia.org, rID 59537.
Videos clips:
"Sherlock Holmes." Warner Bros, 2009. Directed by Guy Richie.
"Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker." Disney, 2019. Directed by J.J. Abrams.
"The Empire Strikes Back." 20th Century Fox, 1980. Directed by Irvin Kershner.
"Aladdin." Disney, 1992. Directed by Ron Clements, John Musker.
Audio clips and sound effects:
"Kylo Ren Arrives at the Battle" by John Williams
"The Jedi Steps and Finale" by John Williams
"Discombobulate" by Hans Zimmer
"The Force Theme" (Piano Version) by Patrik Pietschmann
Adobe Audition Content
Disclaimer: Please note that this material was simplified for educational purposes. For patient management, please review your clinical society's guidelines and engage expert consultation where appropriate. Also, the opinions expressed in this talk do not necessarily reflect those of Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical school or Rutgers University as a whole.

[@edmonddantes2351]

I have been practicing and teaching child neurology for 15 years and this is by far the best introduction to imaging of the brain I have heard. I will be referring med students and first year neurology residents to it from now on!

[@theneurophile]

Thank you!

[@abdelhakmeddoc5568]

I never met someone who masters POWERPOINT MORPH like you. I am impressed and your video is one of the best learning videos I have seen in my life

[@YLyoo]

First year radiology resident watching from Korea! This is by far the best medical lecture I have ever seen. If only med school was taught like this.....

[@roberto-7508]

I have just started to attend the department of Neuroradiology this month as a Radiology resident and I want to thank you very much for this video...everything is crystal clear now. Thank you again, greetings from Italy

[@theneurophile]

Best of luck in your residency!

[@haramjoo5788]

First year neurology resident from Korea! Thank you for an awesome video! Your teaching style is amazing. Rutgers Neurology residents and students are lucky to have you!

[@theneurophile]

Thank you for the kind words. I would love to be a resident again. Enjoy it!

[@marcostrujillo2617]

Haven't finished the video yet, but I'm pausing to say that this is clearly top-notch content... the best I've seen on KZbin. Can't wait to watch the other videos.

[@ThomasKuncewicz]

As a med student, it would be beyond amazing to see you cover lots of fancy MRI sequences in this style and with this much preparation. Just a suggestion from a grateful grasshopper! Thanks for making such great content :)

[@theneurophile]

Thanks! Here is a little secret - if you watch other videos on this channel, you will see us introducing other fancy MRI sequences as clinically appropriate. But point well taken. I’ll get our radiologists to work on an advanced MRI video. Meanwhile please visit radiopaedia.org. It’s an amazing resource for imaging.

[@ThomasKuncewicz]

​ @theneurophile Radiopaedia is by all means a fantastic resource, though the knowledge is a bit compartmentalized. My personal learning goal is to develop a big-picture mental hierarchy for navigating the absolute *ocean* of sequences... I guess something akin to BIDS (brain imaging data structure), where I can distinguish {anat, dwi, func} categories as well as identify the best-case clinical info that a sequence could give {vascular, myelin, metabolic, etc}. Is there any literature that resonates (pardon the pun) with you, in terms of presenting a cohesive, top level review that does not spare cutting edge sequences and methods, i.e.: - FIESTA, SWAN/SWI (does phase filtering select for vessel caliber vs Ca++, due to aliasing?), DSC-MRI, DTI, 3DASL, fMRI, transfer magnetization rate, MRspec, myelin water fraction, and fractional anisotropy - advances like FSE/TSE, inversion recovery, and how they relate to classical sequences (for ex: does T1 MPRAGE suppress more blood vessel signal than T1 SPACE?) I'm not afraid to read or do the work, I'm just not sure where to turn or which sources to use. At the same time, I recognize that your team is composed of people with lives and careers and hobbies and possibly children, so I want to thank you for taking the time to reply, and for being so generous and enthusiastic in sharing your hard-fought, hard-earned knowledge.

[@asclepius-thegodofmedicine3810]

Sir you have no idea how precious this work is! It helps me a lot and I didn't even finish the video yet.Thank you so much for this creative and the most understandable lecture. - a medicine padawan

[@ippeikawano8032]

I was completely lost in neuroradiology - but now I love it thanks to this fantastic video! Thank you very much!!

[@HasanAlKharfan]

I love this. Not only it is super educational, well structured and incredibly clear, it is fun and refreshing, unlike many dry lectures in the medical field.

[@njsudarshan]

Thank you very much. Need to watch it many more times for everything to sink in, but you make it so interesting that I am looking forward to watching it again, and again.

[@brooktsehay9800]

Marvelous presentation. Simple sounding to beginners and all those enthusiasts of neuroimaging. Nice job!!

[@mohankumarveeda5441]

Thank you sir, for making the MRI concepts so simple with clear explanations and nice examples.

[@albethcajucom]

I'm only 5 mins into this video and I can already feel my life changing. Thank you 😊

[@siavashshaghighi2655]

Most impressive mini lecture I have had on neuroradiology. Very informative and I need to watch it couple of times to get the most out of it. Thank you doctor!

[@Eman-wj8gq]

For any of you who are here to study for a test my hats off to ya. You guys did well!

[@ABDALKHAALIQ]

Jaw dropping performance, thank you so much. Hats off to you man.

[@dramitavabanerjee]

Hello Igor and Steven, My salute to both of you. for taking time to illustrate MRI, CT in power point slides with an elaborate discussion. I made my knowledge so comfortably that cannot express happiness of learning a very difficult subject so briefly. Thanks a lot, looking for more in future. Have a long healthy life.

[@superfalcon6071]

Hats off to you man!! For such a wonderful content and presentation.. hoping to see more lectures and uploads soon !!

[@habszivacs618]

Thank you very much! This is absolutely useful for anybody in this profession.

[@ag9120]

All explained in an hour, unbelievable !

[@nihadmehdili8998]

The best medical lecture i have ever seen on this platform! Absolutely genius! Thank you!

[@danielfernandez9356]

This is an educational masterpiece so fun to watch so easy to digest, so in representation of your audience im gonna quote Kylo : MORE!

[@neuropsicologoalejandroorozco]

Sir, this is the BEST neuro lecture I have ever seen, so much quality, changes of tones in narration, good visuals, audio, the way the info is organiced, 10/10 keep it up with the great work man, I will spread your videos among my colegues

[@theneurophile]

Thank you!

[@duaasareshwala]

Absolutely incredible. Really really appreciate your efforts ❤️

[@patrickh4495]

Fantastic explanations! I'm a Neuro-Trauma ICU RN, and this was exactly what I was looking for to help me read & understand brain MRIs I see on a daily basis. Thank you so much!

[@shyamangatha3883]

Thank you for your great effort to teach things in a clear and easily understandable manner.

[@mohit170187]

Amazing. Must watch for anyone with interest in getting a jump start on the confusing world of MRI.

[@TheWissem12]

First year radiology resident from Algeria really impressed and appreciative of this presentation.Thank you so much.

[@dominikabbuhl4018]

Most comprehensive yet easy to understand crash course I've come across, amazing. -EM PGY1

[@95Jul8]

3rd year medical student here to say: THANK YOU!!!!!

[@MamihamiReviews]

Been looking for ages for an easy to follow video like this. Did not fall asleep at all compared to the other ones I’ve come across. Thanks for making this :)

[@gwilliams993]

This video is amazing. It has cleared up years of questions for me. Thank you!

[@niushadanesh8807]

That was perfect, I learned so much from it, thank you!

[@ophthalmology9889]

This is amazing!! - Thank you for creating this and sharing it.

[@md.abulhasnat9324]

Such a wonderful technique to teach! Thank you for making neuroimaging interesting. Watching from BANGLADESH.

[@quanghuyluong8335]

Haven't finished the video yet, but I'm pausing to say: This is a fantastic lecture! Thank you so much!

[@karishmasingh606]

Such an amazing explaination via imaging. Thank you so much for this.

[@BigNick3468]

One of the best medical school lectures out there.

[@drabigail_kl_kids_doc]

Wonderfully presented. So clear and organised. Thank you sir.

[@doctoranand8244]

Wow.. Had to pause the video as I couldn't control commenting on this masterpiece. In all these years this has been the best medical lecture I have watched on KZbin. Thanks.

[@DavidTheChildNeurologist]

so much of production value and so much passion can be seen

[@casterlau999999]

This presentation is exceptional. Way better than my professor in nursing schools. It may be a lot of info to a nurse but if you are a nurse for almost 10 years, you've got to expand your knowledge in different fields. Besides, having no stress in examinations makes learning new stuff way more fun. Would definitely recommend this video to my colleagues. Thank you so much!

[@obiarnold9498]

This is a work of art.

[@ans6441]

this is so perfect, masterpiece !! I wish there are more creative teachers like you !!! Im gonna save this video for my lifetime !

[@amarachinwinyinya9345]

Educative. More or less an eye opener. I love it

[@ganeshrao9796]

You are a born teacher. Amazing 🙏🏻

[@ObscuraNocte]

Wow this was awesome, thank you Dr.Rybinnik!!!

[@andgamhi]

It was amazing. Enjoyed every single second. Thank you so much.

[@gouravpradhan271]

one of the best, packed with useful info. loved it

[@ShendyK48]

What an amazing lecture!! Thank you so much.

[@pathughes4658]

outstanding it is the gold standard for introductory lectures

[@irilavy]

This was wonderful! Thank you!

[@drahmedtakesham1917]

Brilliant , absolutely brilliant

[@RKV545]

BEST OF ALL VIDEOS ON BRAIN IMAGING

[@adnel3173]

Your channel is a gem ! Thanks for all the interesting videos

[@theneurosurgeon07]

What a lucid presentation.. Hats-off sir.!!!!

[@user-gi6uo2jz7z]

Absolutely incredible

[@caiyu538]

Excellent series, great teacher. Follow up your excellent tutorials.

[@islam6aha]

Perfect, thank you so much. You made it so simple. A life changing video.

[@seanxay9039]

Brilliant Sir! Keep up the great work!

[@ahmedsameer8592]

Top notch explanation . Thank you . LOVE it

[@Nordic_Scandinavia]

Wonderful presentation. Nice sound, good explanations and a top quality video. Thank you very much!

[@thomasdunn2129]

Amazing introduction. Taught me a ton in a short period of time. Thanks!

[@saketkumar7184]

Excellent presentation - made my basics much clear.

[@ksw1672]

The best presentation ever

[@olgakukhar-hernandez9299]

Oh my god! this is amazing!!! Need more of this!!

[@rishabhchandra1162]

Thank you very much. It is the best lecture I have had on CT/MRI brain imaging.

[@taimarashika]

Amazing! incredible teaching ways i must say ☺

[@DuderMcDudenstein]

Amazing and so cool to learn. Thank you!

[@rhcorr]

Absolutely amazing lecture. Very well structured, illustrated and narrated. Hats off to the makers of this video!

[@user-hi3lv5zm3c]

By far, the best video out there on brain imaging💯

[@samuelescares4560]

Thanks for this videos. Please continue doing this! Very useful for neurology clinic courses

[@darja546]

Thank you so much! Totally the best learning video I've seen!

[@jpsharma5938]

the best lecture on this topic

[@koolpacific]

Just two words for this wonderful presentation.... Thumbs Up! 👍

[@beverlypra3224]

Very well done. Thank you so much!

[@maxstang1680]

wow, thank you so much, u saved my radiology exam in 2 days

[@maitripatel6702]

Amazing! Best ever on Neurodiagnostics!

[@ahmedkhalaf7546]

Absolutely amazing

[@shivamalways]

If there exists something which is perfect, that has to be this

[@evergreen7168]

This is a fantastic lecture!! Thank you~~

[@shilpiyadav5973]

Simply the best online resource. Thank you!!

[@goodvibesnerd3228]

Such a masterpiece

[@luxykl9902]

Spectacular Presentation!

[@faizshaikh629]

Super amazing video! Great work! Really appreciate it!

[@stamatisspanos8336]

So elegant! Congrats for your work!

[@fairpurenature]

fantastic lecture, I'm a neurologist and this is the best introductory brain imaging lecture I have ever seen. Thanks so much. You are a genius teacher

[@themostpopularsite]

Amazing course, thank you!

[@kalasnair]

I really enjoyed this video. Thank you Dr.Rybinnik.

[@rajeshumap7908]

Nice explanation

[@vihaankumar650]

Excellent!! Very well explained and easy to understand.

[@peterrogers4910]

Well done indeed! Thank you.

[@mohamedaly8889]

I appreciate your effort. awesome material and illustration. Thanks

[@cjwheelermd]

Superb lecturer who presents the data in a clear and organized manner. I love the way that he emphasizes teaching points by emphasizing phrases with emotional affect combined with sound effects. He makes learning the interpretation of brain imaging enjoyable regardless of the field of medicine in which one practices. (nephrology)

[@theneurophile]

Thank you for the kind feedback.

[@meandyou8176]

I'm a neurology resident in my first year in Egypt and fortunately I found your videos which are really helpful 💌💌 I'm so thankful for that 😊

[@kareltan3618]

Thank you so much for this! AMAZING!!!

[@mayank9822]

i dont have words to describe how elegant and helpful this presentation is. thanks a lot for such an effort.

[@theneurophile]

If you are interested in imaging, please watch our CT perfusion talk. It goes into more depth on interpreting CT perfusion.

[@kushagarjuneja3300]

outstanding video!! massive thanks!!

[@Healthtalkprime]

What a presentation!

[@mafdhal9340]

What a super duper great explain ! It helps me study in my Residency. Thanks alot, i support you.