Thanks Applied Science (Ben) for recommending an awesome channel.
@4n2earth223 жыл бұрын
Ben is pda (pretty damn awesome)
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Correction: I mispoke/mistyped, my laser is a generic, non-MOPA Chinese fiber laser which means it's likely an Q-switched ytterbium fiber laser (I think). _Not_ an "Nd:YAG fiber laser". Cheers to the folks who pointed that out :)
@tomf31503 жыл бұрын
Ytterbium
@GrimsBar3 жыл бұрын
What about using activated carbon in the solution?
@petermiddleton69023 жыл бұрын
Awesome experiment and vid!. I would suggest that one of the main possible actions of this unique laser machining process is actually achieved by cavitation bubble micro re-entrant jets. Especially when the plasma induced bubble collapses next to the underside of the glass slides surface. So technically you could just use non conductive silicon oil instead of the copper sulphate solution for potentially a much faster etching process. For a more convenient top down machining process the end of your laser head needs to be just below the surface of the silicone oil to prevent unwanted surface laser diffraction. Cavitation micro jets can machine virtually any hard material extremely precisely and deeply even upto diamond hardness, providing your laser is at just the right focal point. Hope that helps and certainly worth experimenting with :)
@steelcannibal3 жыл бұрын
What a fascinating process, wow! Also love all your sketches, killer video man! ❤️
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@dontdiediy76303 жыл бұрын
Your content and production quality is increasing at a worrying rate😀
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! :)
@tophan51463 жыл бұрын
One little thing I would improve is purchasing a new hat
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
@Tophan You can pry this hat out of my cold, dead hands! 😄
@tophan51463 жыл бұрын
@@BreakingTaps haha 😄
@notsonominal2 жыл бұрын
hats like that have souls, they need to stay!
@blahblahblahblah29333 жыл бұрын
Curious if you'd get any benefit from keeping the water flowing to move debris away and keep the solution's heat absorption more stable.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Hmm, maybe! A few other folks have suggested that too, might give it a shot. Would be pretty easy to tests. I saw some mention in papers of the opposite too... heating everything up so that there was less temperature difference between the glass and the plasma. But cooling seems easier to do so might try that first!
@jackmccabe2212 жыл бұрын
I appreciate your shading. Nice markers
@vikeshbubbles2053 жыл бұрын
I was looking for a This Old Tony video and ended up here. Subscribed!
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Cheers! Huge TOT fan as well, his videos are just too great :)
@johnandersen89993 жыл бұрын
This channel is gonna blow up
@lukaskorcak55833 жыл бұрын
Very interesting. It looks to me as the cavitation erosion does most of the machining in your case. I would expect the surface after etching to be more "round-ish". Also, keep up sharing your unsuccessful experiments, they are as important for learning as the successful ones. All experiments presented in scientific papers are only about the successful ones, but very few people know, that it might be only one out of the hundred attempts (well usually 3 is the needed minimum).
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Will do, thanks for the comment! I have a whole collection of things that failed, or only sorta-worked. I might see about packaging them up into somewhat regular videos. Might spur someone to try a variation and get it working themselves :)
@chaitanyasindagi12373 жыл бұрын
Loving the sketches, they help make the project much more understandable for someone unfamiliar with what you're talking about
@austinwolfe72953 жыл бұрын
You've got what it takes to build a massive channel. Keep up the good work man! Can't wait to see your future content as you grow!
@gloverelaxis2 жыл бұрын
a massive channel with well-defined, smooth sides with an incredibly high aspect ratio, at that
@maybee61053 жыл бұрын
this seems like it would work perfectly for microfluidics
@evil1knight3 жыл бұрын
Why didn’t you show the machine actually etching from the top in real time? Or the designs
@wirehyperspace3 жыл бұрын
when i worked with glass we use to dip the glass in wax - then scratch the glass where want something - then dip it in hydrofluoric acid - then rinse in water to see if acid burn glass - if did - melt the wax off
@VideoNOLA2 жыл бұрын
Something tells me that the small bubbles are acting as a collimating "lens" which -- if aligned a certain way with the incoming laser beam -- causes an energetic reaction further below the surface. Likewise, you can see the beam refracting/glanncing off bubbles at the bottom of the test chamber.
@Nuovoswiss3 жыл бұрын
I'd bet that this process is just thermal dissolution of silica. To test that, you would expect much faster dissolution/etching rates in more alkaline solutions (higher NaOH). Instead of this purported copper absorption mechanism, you'd only need to suspend a tiny amount of lampblack in the liquid to create intense local absorption/heating.
@imfriend1y3 жыл бұрын
Looks like cavitation bubbles. Neat. You now hold the power of a pistol shrimp. I wonder what would happen if you did this in an ultra sonic tank.
@saiaditya43973 жыл бұрын
Interesting view..I guess we would get a higher machining with lower power laser pulses.
@__--JY-Moe--__3 жыл бұрын
just a quick little note: U could get some1, to blend up a glass formula. then make some test glass slides! glass will have several temp states, that machine better!
@LimitlessResearch2 жыл бұрын
Great video! Thanks! The laser pulses and resulting plasma explosion bubbles remind me of cavitation bubbles. I’m sure the plasma from ultrasonic cavitation would provide a similar result, given an appropriately shaped ultrasonic head was used.
@Chriss1203 жыл бұрын
thanks to @BenKrasnow for getting me to this channel. great content as far as i see it.
@burgulize2 жыл бұрын
The drawing is a great way to explain the process! Thank you!
@user-zi8jn1go8k Жыл бұрын
The illustrations with those sharpies are so cool 👌
@fightocondria3 жыл бұрын
HOW DO YOU ONLY HAVE 27k SUBS?
@JaredBrewerAerospace11 ай бұрын
@BreakingTaps I know this is 2 years old and you probably have researched your way through the wormhole but your walk through of the chemical mechanics behind this started tingling my "Master's thesis research into chemical kinematics of combustion and how their thermodynamics, physics, and micro phenomena in extreme environments extrapolate out into useful energy that we use for propulsion" spidey sense... I think that your assessment at the interfacial layer is fundmentally sound. After viewing the slow motions and observing the significance of the local density gradients that present themselves post-interface, I believe there is a lot of validity to delve further into the free range radicals that you briefly reference, on paper, but assume recombine into water during the voice over. Specifically, that OH radical is -the- chemical signature that becomes an "If-and-only-if" an OH is present does the transition to a plasma state happen. Essentially, unless you see an OH, you don't have a flame, plasma, deflagration, detonation, or henceforth combustion. This is becomes a particularly important definition for systems with operating conditions that are subject to 250 bar AND 4500K+ for time scales of 10+ minutes at a time. Also meeting requirements that they must have the adequate margins to operate for total cumulative lifecycle times in as much as 100+ hours, without service. The analytical research has shown in the past, really 30-40 years since compute resources have been able to run the 120k chemical reactions that occur between nearly 100 chemical species that occur in 2 billitions of a second for a single molecule hydrocarbon, that a large portion of that lifecycle is determine by the near-surface free radical chemistry as opposed to the major combustion products. There is a lot that is going on between the Cu- that is being deposited hyper-localized near-surface and the ionized radical that prepare the surface to "accept" the effects of the cavition without propagating throughout the fairly uniform microcrystalline structure. Definitely more than just the phospho-silanes. This can be observed in the very first high-speed captures you presented of the cavitional nucleation site that essentially "missed" just below the near surface region identified. It is immediately followed by the the effective, and arguably most well represented nucleation site a few microns behind it. If you take note of the density gradients in the solution, I believe that first "miss" helped the drive the success of the secondary pulse. When you compare this to some of the multi-site events captured, there is a correlation between the "missed" nucleation site that generate near surface radicals, be it scavenging or oxidative effects, just ahead of a successful pulse when compared to ones too far behind or below for their sphere of influence to reach the target site before the next pulse arrives. I could go into more detail but I just thought it was worth noting. I applaud every piece of content you present. There is a never a time where you don't have so much more than just the topic of your own interest in any of your videos. You are a golden standard of how science should be conducted and communicated. Thank you.
@JuLian-cq2qv3 жыл бұрын
Pretty awesome. Especially the detailed views and explanation. Some optimization Ideas (not sure if its useful to you): If you degas the liquid before the process (vacuum or ultrasonication), you might get less bubble formation. The latter may have some impact on production quality. Also, sterile filtration with a syringe filter might reduce light scattering in the liquid through tiny particles, homogenizing the bursts. Maybe even with a continuous flow, constantly carrying away the debris.
@TheOrganicartist2 жыл бұрын
prettiest WITH SHADING visual sketch manual power point i've seen, i hope you saved those sketches..
@torstenb52483 жыл бұрын
Disclaimer: No taps were harmed in the making of this video.
@jimmehdean0122 жыл бұрын
The high framerate footage of the laser pulses and bubbles was some of the coolest stuff I've ever seen, and I've seen some cool stuff.
@edwardssistershands2 жыл бұрын
Yes... Backside wet etching typically fills the entire mouth.
@unitedspacepirates90753 жыл бұрын
Fun fact, harness enough sunlight into a ruby laser crystal and you can defend your planet from your next asteroid impact.
@BoschPianoMusic2 жыл бұрын
Beautiful footage! Well done
@dy92133 жыл бұрын
awesome production quality. hope you get more exposure!
@4Bakers2 жыл бұрын
8:29 I'm assuming you had welding goggles on, because that flash of light appears to have temporarily *killed a few pixels on your camera*
@commoncents73302 жыл бұрын
I see your a man of culture and art by the looks of your use of ohuhu alcohol markers. I also use them whenever I can make an excuse to. I've used Copic markers and they're amazing but I'm nowhere near an artistic enough to tell a difference so I stick with the cheap choice. Also also, great video and very understandable.
@Mwwwwwwwwe2 жыл бұрын
Mechanically chipping away at glass+ ceramics in water causes localised "explosions" due to a chemical reaction if I can remember ...apparently that's how ancient cultures got such sharp arrowheads out of rocks.
@VideoNOLA2 жыл бұрын
Maybe etching could be done in a much more controlled/even manner if you pre-coated the face of the slide with a copper solution (e.g. CuSO4 or evap-sputtered CuO).
@numoru2 жыл бұрын
2 cams set at opposing frame rate and synced. Plus you'll get a stereographic image to look at divergence in the beam better
@hpux7353 жыл бұрын
This was amazing! If you don't need to micromachine-scale features, you can quite easily laser etch glass on the front side by using IR (1013nm) light. Glass is opaque at this wavelength, so the laser energy is absorbed and heats the glass enough that it shatters in place. If you're careful with the power levels you can get quite pleasing results.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Oh nifty, didn't realize glass could be machined with longer wavelengths. Another reason I should get a CO2 laser... now just to find space in the garage...
@clomb12342 жыл бұрын
Great video. Would like to see the surface of the slides close up after etching.
@klausnielsen15373 жыл бұрын
Great video and explanations on both the litterature and your own interpretation of what we are looking at. Well done.
@jakegattone4373 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the amazing content. This was very well put together. I would be very interested to see the surface of these slides under your new laser scanning microscope!
@ElTurbinado3 жыл бұрын
the timelapse drawing is really cool; but i think it'd be nicer if the paper was held still in the frame (even in post). it's really hard to look at, for me anyways, when the paper keeps jumping around. in the same way it'd be hard to watch a video if the youtube player randomly moved and rotated on the screen. kinda gives me a headache.
@whattheheckisthisthing2 жыл бұрын
Great job, you deserve more views
@rockspoon65282 жыл бұрын
Nanosecond pulses: "I think of myself as fast." Femtosecond pulses: "Pfff, you've got nothing on me." Attosecond pulses: "Amateurs..."
@DanielXStaub2 жыл бұрын
With your new AFM you can check exactly how deep your etchings are.
@corynrobinson3 жыл бұрын
Very interesting. It appears that the vertical lines might be oxidized copper or whatever accelerates the formation of plasma. That would explain why plasma doesn't always occur at the surface.
@dakotareid1566 Жыл бұрын
It could be separating hydrogen from the liquid and then exploding
@oldscout73 жыл бұрын
Well done, sir! You are a great illustrator and communicator. I have a handful of grandkids that would benefit from and be mesmerized by your presentations. So many interests...so little time, right? Keep up the great work, man...Love your stuff!
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Thanks so much! ❤
@imajeenyus422 жыл бұрын
This is really cool to see! I've had this on my to-list pretty much since I got my laser (60W JPT M7 MOPA) and it's definitely something I plan to experiment with at some point.
@BreakingTaps2 жыл бұрын
Nice! Your MOPA should work great, I really regret not getting a MOPA unit. Being able to dial in the pulse duration would be super valuable.
@TomKappeln Жыл бұрын
I think it's more splitting the water in H & O2 and the second pulse ignites it. Also i think that the Laser sometimes forms a "optical lens", why the ex/implosions are far away from the glas/surface ...
@danrbarlow2 жыл бұрын
Each laser pulse is also creating an ultrasound burst. I think some of the deeper bubbles might be where ultrasound bouncing off the bottom constructively interferes with the next pulse. You could test that by dropping a wedge in the bottom or using some ultrasound absorbing material.
@saiaditya43973 жыл бұрын
Interesting , I wonder what would happen if you do the same experiment in a ultrasonic bath.
@SirBoden2 жыл бұрын
Laser induced cavitation, nice.
@joemakingstuff33003 жыл бұрын
I had this result by accident. i had painted a graphite ink on aluminum foil and wanted to run a laser across it but results were poor. i wanted to remove oxygen so i put the painted foil between 2 sheets of glass. the surface sheet was perfectly etched (frosted) on the back side with no visible lines in a 20mm x 20mm square. I didn't continue this method because it wasn't cost effective for what i was doing but would be awesome for artwork.
@wmsides2 жыл бұрын
Have the solution moving so that the tornado doesn't form underneath and debris is removed. That way each laser shot is the same. You may need to use clean solution to spray out of a tube to keep it clean next to the glass
@0zux453 жыл бұрын
how can this channel only have 13k subs?
@danielrech6612 жыл бұрын
Dang, those are some nice drawings.
@PatrickHoodDaniel2 жыл бұрын
I am curious what would happen if the liquid was circulated in some way to remove the columnar low resistance channel. I have a feeling that the violent reactions come from this channel.
@BreakingTaps2 жыл бұрын
Agreed! I think it would help a lot, and also help clear out the bubbles which can scatter or disrupt subsequent pulses. If I ever revisit this topic I'd like to build some kind of continous flow chamber.
@jabr9913 жыл бұрын
Holy crap dude, solid video 🤙
@asvarien3 жыл бұрын
Love your drawings.
@DudleyToolwright3 жыл бұрын
Very interesting. I love the high speed camera shots. They never get old.
@0100hem2 жыл бұрын
nice pens, lovely drawings
@MilanKarakas Жыл бұрын
Are those bubbles beneath the glass sample maybe due to sonoluminescence? Laser pulse superheat the solution, then it produce vapor and if it collapses, it can actually produce flash of light? I read somewhere about cavitation that can destroy boat's propeller by cavitation collapsing bubble onto it's surface.
@zedius242 жыл бұрын
Very nice video! I didn't expect to find this topic in such good quality in YT. I would add that there are interesting findings in case of laser micro-machining of materials immersed in liquid. So laser beam is going though air-water interface and then hits the sample. Aspecially promising results are achieved for machining sillicion. This is basically the same setup as nanoparticles sythensis but you are more interested in machined sample topography rather then particles removed from it and there is more focus on water delivery system to improve surface quality (flow/liquid layer thickness). Btw. 1 Are you working in some University where you doing related works? Btw 2. Can you give some more detailes on camera setup that you used?
@BreakingTaps2 жыл бұрын
No university association, just a guy in his garage who likes to read academic papers 😁 High speed camera is an Edgertronic SC2+, and I printed an adapter to allow a microscope objective to be used as the lens (basically just a 160mm tube). I've done a little work since this video on both those things! Laser nanoparticle ablation/synthesis (kzbin.info/www/bejne/o5C2lIKLg6aXoq8) and some silicon micromachining, albeit dry instead of immersed in liquid (kzbin.info/www/bejne/iqO8maxuhdGfY5I). So many fun things you can do with a laser in this frequency and power! :)
@danielpirone80283 жыл бұрын
I wonder if getting a significant current of the solution would ( via a boundary layer effect) help keep the plasma bubbles closer to the glass. It would also ensure a more homogeneous solution
@helmutzollner54962 жыл бұрын
Very interesting! Thank you for sharing this.
@hate-conductor3 жыл бұрын
8:30 whoa! It could possibly be useful in experimental medicine or bioengineering.
@HannesMrg3 жыл бұрын
I LOVE the hand drawn "animation", but now I have a headache from all the movement of the paper. This would be so awesome if the paper was laying still.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Will keep that in mind for the next time! Will also try to keep my head out of the shot more :)
@HannesMrg3 жыл бұрын
@@BreakingTaps Can't wait for the next Video! The quality of the recent ones it trough the roof =)
@bbrockert3 жыл бұрын
Not to be too kooky, but do you think the occasional bigger explosions and implosions might have much higher temperature in very small areas? Would anything interesting happen if you used deuterium oxide as the solvent rather than water?
@Wingman4l72 жыл бұрын
Loved your diagram art! Been watching several of your other videos and it was a nice surprise addition.
@4n2earth223 жыл бұрын
I am really starting to dig your content/style/tec/personality. Makes for interesting, informative, and entertaining viewing. In other words, almost perfection. I would like to see a corroboration between you and Ben Krasnow of Applied Science, and/or with the guy that has Tech Ingredients youtube. Keep up the great content!!!
@paulmaydaynight99253 жыл бұрын
nice round Prince Rupert's drop's there, make the fluid flow in the direction you laser and tilt the laser and glass as you burn on a flowing ramp
@Remowylliams3 жыл бұрын
Slapping the subscribe button, this is a great alternative info source to the Applied Science channel. Both just teaming with practical details. Bravo
@zombieregime3 жыл бұрын
Maybe i missed it, but what about adding a small pump to the solution tank to (hopefully) push auxillary bubbles and debris away from the working area?
@EvelynH-tj1qt3 жыл бұрын
It doesn't really matter as they are not on the interface between glass and liquid.
@bur1t03 жыл бұрын
Yeah man janky test chambers are my jam!
@BeezyKing993 жыл бұрын
solution vapor "smoke"-ring at 13:15 near the lower left of the frame
@excitedbox57053 жыл бұрын
how about adding a little bit of dye to make the liquid absorbe more of the power closer to the surface?
@WildEngineering3 жыл бұрын
bro your channel is going to blow up!
@buildthis23243 жыл бұрын
Think it would be possible to introduce a form of a solution thickener to help keep the "etching bubbles" right underneath the glass? I am new to this process and was watching the slow-mo a little to closely maybe. Seemed like a few times the laser went more so through the solution than having the solution as a "stopper". Interesting manufacturing process here, definitely look forward to progress.
@danrbarlow2 жыл бұрын
He could make a more saturated solution of copper sulfate; that would absorb more light in a shorter depth.
@joaut2 жыл бұрын
could you scan the surface of the etching under your atomic force microscope ... would love to see how fractured or smooth this process gets it. THX and good work
@joeymurphy24643 жыл бұрын
Is there any chance any of the damage to the glass is caused by the bubbles collapsing inward? Reminds me of cavitation bubbles creating pitting on propellers and high speed pumps.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Definitely possible, although hard to know how much it is contributing. There's a dry variant that uses a plate of graphite (or just metal) directly under the glass. The academic literature claims it's mostly the same mechanism (laser vaporizes graphite and causes a plasma plume), and from my testing it seems faster and more reliable. So I don't think the bubbles can fully explain the machining since it works "dry" as well. That said, I saw a lot of unexplained things in the high speed video, and anecdotally the "machining" rate seems to speed up with increased bubble formation (either due to larger pulses, or tuning the frequency so that you get a constant stream of small bubbles). My uneducated guess is that bubble implosion is contributing to some degree. Maybe extra mechanical shock from the implosion + helping to clear debris, etc? Dunno! Interesting to think about though :)
@foxman1052 жыл бұрын
Slowing down the laser pulses and adjusting the energy perhaps this could be used to make copper deposition for creating circuits?
@jimmybleron4700 Жыл бұрын
Have you looked at the "glass fibre under the microscope I think it would be interesting! Especially if it is possible to reproduce the same effect with graphene (to create carbon fiber or even nanotubes). the absoption spektrum of graphene is quite low at the wavelenth of your YAG laser.
@Made2hack3 жыл бұрын
Hi, Just came across your channel, and I'm glad that I did. Subscribed!!!
@PhilieBlunt6662 жыл бұрын
Those flashes might be cavatation bubbles, like when a pistol shrimp punches stuff
@Alexander_Sannikov3 жыл бұрын
да это ж внебрачный брат-двойник Негоды!
@brucewilliams62923 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. What a neat time to be alive when the "amateur" scientist can do such high tech experiments. Thank you for sharing and Happy New Year.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Happy new years!
@joelwismer3 жыл бұрын
You make the best videos dude. Thank you 😉
@MrDynamik13 жыл бұрын
Well done Sir, excellent content, technical details and continuity. Editing and video quality were stellar too.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@TheOrganicartist2 жыл бұрын
so the laser is basically etching with cavitation bubbles? like a very precise super tiny Mantis Shrimp?
@DJ-jx1yt3 жыл бұрын
Thanks to Elvis the Alien introducing me to this channel
@andymouse3 жыл бұрын
Proper cool !...cheers.
@TehBIGrat2 жыл бұрын
Anyone remember micromachines?
@aquahood9 ай бұрын
And then with lasers I'm thinking about high-powered military power level laser with non-destructive wavelengths non-interference wavelengths with their various orbital satellites that are circling our Earth and like being able to adjust their focal and create patterns and Survey the kuiper belt the orange cloud and basically near objects coming from behind the sun .... Combine them with long wave RF so that you don't like get false returns on dust clouds so it's something solid it won't be very accurate as far as detail but it'll make sure you're not getting their return something that's not very solid but still reflects like
@RentableSocks2 жыл бұрын
Did you try with the solution agitated underneath the slide? like a continuous flow so that bubbles can't collect and hang out around the active area? Would also be interesting to see what happens if you just have a cooling fluid under the glass, but the glass itself is pre-coated with the laser-sensitive material.
@BreakingTaps2 жыл бұрын
I didn't, but I think that would help a lot! Getting the bubbles out of the "cut" zone quickly should help reduce interference.
@hate-conductor3 жыл бұрын
2:44, Some strange picture ... How about the different refractive index of glass and air?
@qcnck27763 жыл бұрын
Great animation/drawing!
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
❤
@numoru2 жыл бұрын
Then possibly use that algorithm that exposes/amplifies small movements (see a babies heart beat)
@MikaelIsaksson3 жыл бұрын
Interesting. Something I have been wondering about how to do is drilling as many thin holes as I can trough glass that is about 1-5 cm thick. The smaller holes the better and as many holes as possible. (or some other process, maybe melting glass over a bunch of very thin wires that I eat away with acid later). It seems this method... could possibly work, maybe, but would take a really really long time.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Yeah, I think it could work but would take a very long time indeed (and questionable surface finish). Stefan Gotteswinter recently posted a video about drilling (and milling with carbide!) into glass, which might be better for your application: kzbin.info/www/bejne/fX3XlYusgZyWpqs
@nicholaswilliams45073 жыл бұрын
With the vertical channels of vapor (I think is how you described it, timestamp 12 minutes-ish) you may be observing accumulated self focusing or similar.
@BreakingTaps3 жыл бұрын
Oh, interesting! I hadn't heard of that before, doing some reading now. That does seem more plausible tbh, I was always unsure how to reconcile a "vapor channel" that clearly wasn't a bubble. But a change in refractive index (self-focusing or just from heating) would make more sense imo. Cheers for the tip!