Brucellosis: Causes and effects

Brucellosis is a zoonosis and the infection is almost invariably transmitted to people by direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their products. The animal handlers like farmers, veterinarians, butchers and consumers of contaminated animal products are the most vulnerable. The infection persists in domestic animals and, consequently, transmission to the human population frequently occurs. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can greatly help in treatment. In many patients the symptoms are mild and, therefore, the diagnosis may not be even considered. Even in severe infections differential diagnosis can still be difficult.
Brucellosis is essentially a disease of animals, especially domesticated livestock with humans as an accidental host. The human disease usually manifests itself as an acute febrile illness which may persist and progress to a chronically incapacitating disease with severe complications.
Source of infection are infected cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, in which, the infection usually establishes itself in the reproductive tract, often resulting in abortion. Excretion in genital discharges and milk is common and is a major source of human infection. Effective treatment is available for the human disease but prevention is the ideal, through control of the infection in animals and by implementation of hygienic measures.
Brucellosis is an acute or sub-acute febrile illness usually marked by an intermittent or remittent fever accompanied by malaise, anorexia and prostration, and which may persist for weeks or months. Typically, few objective signs are apparent but enlargement of the liver, spleen and/or lymph nodes may occur, as may signs referable to almost any other organ system. The acute phase may progress to a chronic one.
Evidence in support of the diagnosis includes:
• A history of recent exposure to a known or probable source of especially cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, camels, yaks, buffaloes or dogs; consumption of raw or inadequately cooked milk or milk products, and, to a lesser extent, meat and offal derived from these animals.
• Isolation of Brucella spp. from the patient.
• Demonstration by PCR of the presence of Brucella DNA in blood or other tissue sample.
• Demonstration by a validated serological method of Brucella antigen in blood or other tissue sample.
• Demonstration of a rising antibody titre in any serological tests
Common routes of infection include direct inoculation through cuts and abrasions in the skin, inoculation via the conjunctival sac of the eyes, inhalation of infectious aerosols, and ingestion of infectious unpasteurized milk or other dairy products.
The disease is acute in about half the cases, with an incubation period of two to three weeks. In the other half, the onset is insidious, with signs and symptoms developing over a period of weeks to months from the infection.
Clinical manifestations include fever, sweats, fatigue, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, headache, arthralgia and back pain. Commonly, patients feel better in the morning, with symptoms worsening as the day progresses. The desire to rest can be profound, and depression is pervasive. If untreated, the pattern of the fever waxes and wanes over several days (“undulant fever”).
Complications
Bone and joint involvement are the most frequent complications of brucellosis. A variety of syndromes have been reported, including sacroiliitis, spondylitis, peripheral arthritis, osteomyelitis, bursitis, and tenosynovitis. Brucella sacroilitis is especially common. Liver is commonly involved.
Aerosol inhalation is a recognized route of transmission of brucellosis, especially common in abattoirs where infected animals are slaughtered. A variety of pulmonary complications have been reported, including lymphadenopathy, interstitial pneumonitis, bronchopneumonia, lung nodules, pleural effusions, and empyema.
Orchitis and epididymitis are the most frequent genitourinary complications in men. Usually unilateral, Brucella orchitis can mimic testicular cancer or tuberculosis. There have been a few reports implicating sexual transmission.
Brucellosis during the course of pregnancy carries the risk of spontaneous abortion during early trimester or intrauterine transmission to the infant. Abortion is a frequent complication of brucellosis in animals. Very rare human-to-human transmission from lactating mothers to their breastfed infants has been reported.
Infective endocarditis is the most common cardiovascular manifestation, and is the most common cause of death. It often occurs late in the course of disease. Skin lesions like rashes, nodules, papules, erythema nodosum, petechiae, and purpura, cutaneous ulcers, abscesses, and suppurative lymphangitis are common. Uveitis is the most frequent manifestation, Once considered rare in children, it is now recognized that brucellosis can affect persons of all ages.

[@kiransonawane3676]

Thank you doctor..my sister suffering from this... your videos helping a lot..

[@DrRakha]

Our pleasure

[@hammadraza5774]

Thank You Dr. Rakha sahib

[@vinoddhaka3662]

Bahut hi useful knowledge

[@DrRakha]

Thanks

[@peshpraq5137]

Thanks a lot sir for the comprehensive info.

[@DrRakha]

Always welcome

[@kpmaradia]

Sir, I suffered for this disease form last 4 year, doctor done MRI, malaria, TB PCR test, etc. Most of thought. that it is neurological disease. Symptoms also like that. Final brucella test done with other and it find out. Currently doctor prescribed rifampicin 600 mg OD for treatment. Thanks for your information.

[@DrRakha]

my pleasure

[@mahanteshparakanatti1439]

Ar u cure permanently sir???

[@kpmaradia]

@@mahanteshparakanatti1439 yes

[@kpmaradia]

@@mahanteshparakanatti1439 r u suffer from neurobrucellosis

[@indiabharat5014]

​@@kpmaradiahow much time did it take to cure

[@Duggu_diary]

सर मेरे बेटे(6 वर्ष का है) को लास्ट मार्च सेbrucella के लक्षण थे। काफी इलाज के बाद जून प्रथम सप्ताह में एक बड़े अस्पताल के डॉक्टर ने टेस्ट के बाद कन्फर्म किया। उसके बाद उन्होंने doxy 50 mg और septran 75 दिन चलाया। लक्षण आना बंद होने के बाद दवा बन्द कर दिया गया था। परंतु दवा छोड़ने के 1 सप्ताह के बाद फिर से बुखार आना शुरू हो गया है। कृपया मदद करें सर, आगे क्या किया जाय, कँहा दिखाया जाय।

[@Sugandh]

Very useful information

[@DrRakha]

Sugandh Thanks a lot

[@vipulthakor8098]

sir human kaa recovery time kotna hai ?

[@explorepakistanbeautys556]

Kya ye beemari female se male insan me transfer ho jati he

[@DrRakha]

very rare chance

[@sahibajaan2248]

Muja b hai kya main theek hojawu gii kya... Main milk peeti thi laken boil

[@DrRakha]

Yes I suffered this disease and am fine now

[@sahibajaan2248]

@@DrRakha 4 dinu k baad meri shadi hai kya mere husband ko b meri beemari lag sakti hai

[@BHOLIAURCHOTU]

Sir m veterinary staff m hu aaj vaccination krte samay brucella ki vaccine mere hatho par lag gyi maine senetize to kr liya h koi dikkat ho sakti h kya.plz reply

[@DrRakha]

Message on WhatsApp number 8168454211

[@Animal_lover373]

Same yhi mere shat hua

[@Magicshort3D-7]

I am burcellaa postive kya kru sir reply please😢😢😢🙏🙏🙏

[@DrRakha]

Please contact by whatsapp message on 8168454211

[@ahmadhayat9227]

Sir, what is its treatment? I mean tablet injunction...

[@DrRakha]

There is 100% effective treatment to be taken under supervision of medical expert

[@mahanteshparakanatti1439]

Sir brucellosis deases life time positive coming in our body is it true never cure in our body is it true??? Pls tell me

[@DrRakha]

Kon sa test karvaya

[@mahanteshparakanatti1439]

@@DrRakha blood test sir is it true???

[@DrRakha]

I suffered and got completely cured after treatment

[@ratherirfan1626]

Thnku fr the infoo

[@DrRakha]

my pleasure

[@subhashnagar580]

Sir me positive aya hai 160 kay treatment se negative aye ga Kay sir please help

[@DrRakha]

You will be fine

[@subhashnagar580]

Kitna month tak treatment lena pade ga sir Iska ilaj hai kay Sir

[@subhashnagar580]

@@DrRakha dear Sir Mean burcella positive hu sir 1:80 Iska koi ilaj.Sir please helf

[@harmainjadoon2976]

Sir mra brucella positive Aya he. 1:320 aya he

[@DrRakha]

oh no, take consultation from a qualified doctor. complete the course of treatment. though a long term therapy required but is necessary

[@shahzebjadoon33]

Teak hoa hai ap ka please reply

[@armanyadav2513]

Sir mara 1.06 postive h

[@sahibajaan2248]

Muja b hai uper se meri shadi hai 5 dinu k baad

[@ahmadhayat9227]

Please terminate keya hai

[@DrRakha]

Question is not clear

[@MahendraKumar-qe6bw]

❤

[@wasisekh6358]

Sir please

[@DrRakha]

?

[@wasisekh6358]

Sir plz

[@DrRakha]

?