Build your own Tatooine

[@lv2draw1]

When you do all the equations up to the forbidden zone, then realise you have to change everything as your habitable zone is in the forbidden zone :'(

[@cwdiode4521]

Hannah Guichard happened to me

[@seguaye]

me too :,,( Edit: now I have to reconfigure it again cuz my habitable zone is too close to my stars

[@AstronautaVerdadeiro_77]

You can easily re-do the work with these calculators and papers over here (hard-sci-fi.blogspot.com/2020/07/other-concepts-empire-of-thousand-suns.html).

[@jursamaj]

@@AstronautaVerdadeiro_77 -Alas, it looks like that page died.- Edit: Nevermind. Your link includes the ')' at the end, which the site doesn't want.

[@IGameChangerI]

Actually you can write about this. The planet Trisolaris from the Three Body Problem novels exists within the forbidden zone of it's solar system and it impacts the entire story.

[@kn1752]

Edgar, i think why most of us were confused was because you mixed up the average separation of both stars from each other with the distance of the average separation of both stars FROM THE BARYCENTRE

[@kwinvdv]

Shouldn't both stars in a binary star system have the same eccentricity, because otherwise their center of mass would oscillate in space (which would require an external force)?

[@Artifexian]

Had not considered that. You are perfectly correct. My apologies. :(

[@OthEdden]

Like an inter system gas giant or super earth?

[@carolannestockton592]

Not to be six years late to the party, but since the stars are of different masses, SHOULDN'T they have different eccentricities? The larger would slingshot the smaller more, wouldn't it? And assuming that's true, would that actually cause any problems? I know that if you move a star, everything orbiting it moves along with it as if nothing's happening because of how large the difference in masses is, but I'm not sure if that would hold up exactly with a P-Type binary system. (I'd go research it to put in this comment but it's 5am and I'm too tired to do that right this second)

[@15Litrov]

@@carolannestockton592 If we look at 2 body that orbiting around their baricenter we will find what they have only 2 different orbital element: semi-major axis and argument of periapsis (+pi for second body). Semi-major axis proportianal to mass (if planet rotates around star with distace 1au between them that planet will have 1au*M2/(M1+M2) to system barycenter there M1 - planet mass and M2 star mass)

[@KarolOfGutovo]

​@@carolannestockton592 Pure guess, but since the eccentricity defines the shape I would imagine it would be the same, but the semimajor axis would be smaller for the heavier star which would result in it having less variation since it you multiply the eccentricity calculations by SMA.

[@mebardock]

that vsauce2 is getting you a fair bit of exposure. it's how i got here at least

[@Artifexian]

I know right, Vsauce2 effectively doubled my subscribers OVERNIGHT. Madness I tell you madness. Seriously though, thank you for coming over and checking my stuff out. Means a lot :)

[@hadeghehadeghe2233]

are you still alive.

[@lucierp]

Any video talking about how to plan a calendar (length of a day, and length of a year) plus how two suns would affect a planet's climat (if it does) and maybe how the sky looks during the different seasons (like a moon cycle, but solar) ?

[@KnightoftheSorryFace]

"here there be dragons" SCP fans, tearing up: "Here wer dragons"

[@alvaronavarro4895]

:(

[@tux1468]

SCP fans on their way to invade every comment section

[@galliumgames3962]

Is there a video on binary planets? I am trying to make a fictitious solar system with two binary planets in a 10.5 day orbit around each other. both worlds are tide locked to each other and they will have extreme weather patterns from the longer days. Can this system a. form in the first place b. is it stable, it orbits at 0.65Au around a k spectrum star with 1/4 the sun's luminosity and around 75-80% it's mass

[@nukl3argam3r38]

Simple Orbital Mechanics Say its Stable, if it can form or not I do not know, but I Can Link you this Video of Issac arthur for further Info: kzbin.info/www/bejne/opjOopV-f8itjdU

[@rayboy5204]

Your best bet would be to mimic Pluto and Charon

[@galliumgames3962]

@@rayboy5204 That’s pretty much what ended up happening, but I haven’t really worked with that planet in years and made up a bunch of other planets during the pandemic. Not expecting to see such an old comment lol.

[@rayboy5204]

@@galliumgames3962 these videos are always good for designing your own star systems especially when you don't remember the equations

[@Dominikbeck12]

In my humble opinion - but I'm not 100% sure - one of the thoughts I carry out of my theorethical physics lectures is that in an equilibrial binary system state both trajectories always : 1. are in 1:1 resonance 2. have the same focal point (barycenter) 3. are similar (coefficient of similarity "q" given uniquelly by ratio of masses) Thus by 3 you (in theory) cannot simply chose the second eccentricity, because they are both the same for each orbit. Moreover, I think there is a bonus feature there, not only the trajectories are similar, but they tend so in EVERY point in time, that means that the bodies involve are allways on the opposite side from each other with respectect to their barycenter, even MORE moreover I think that the ratio of these separations is also q - in every moment in time (i.e. constant) Albeit my sureness is at least qustionable...

[@Dominikbeck12]

+Dominik Beck Also formulae max,min=R*(1±e) are not correct at all :D , if for demontration e=1 stands for parabola abviously, the second foci should reach infinity but here it reaches 2R (CLOSE ENOUGH :D ) instead multiplication there should be division like R/(1±e), for small e's however, the formulas do hold, approximatelly (this may be the source of errors, also understandaby well overlooked) for small e's, but your chosen ones (like 0.5) are way way far away from beying said to be small, the formulas then generates about 33% error - we gonna need a biger boat I think... :D

[@jursamaj]

@@Dominikbeck12 No, the multiplication is correct. Note that max+min=R*(1+e)+R*(1-e)=2R. 2R of course is the diameter of the orbit, as max+min should be. Your division method gives a total orbit width >2R for any non-zero e, which doesn't work. Importantly, a parabola is *not* an ellipse, and so this formula is meaningless.

[@MetricZero]

Just found your channel. Really amazing. Great illustrations and explained really well at a good pace.

[@Artifexian]

Cool, thanks MetricZero. Glad you enjoyed, thanks for watching.

[@collindamskov]

Would an eclipse of one star over the other cause issues with total brightness and heat getting to the planet upon which the eclipse is being observed; along with this, would it affect weather patterns, seasons, and/or habitability? In general, what effect does a binary star system have on seasons if any? I imagine all of this would depend on the distance of the stars, but with this supposedly habitable setup of close stars, what would the scenario end up looking like with regard to my questions?

[@NathanTAK]

I almost wanna simulate this, but yeah, it seems like an intersolar eclipse in a p-type system would have dramatic periodic effects on the weather due to 'lost' luminosity...

[@sophiescott143]

Artifexian I found your channel through a video on Vsauce2, and I'm glad I investigated! This one video alone has answered a question that has plagued me for years! I have subscribed and plan to go back and watch some of your older videos! Thank you for doing what you do!

[@Artifexian]

Well sir, thank YOU for subbing :) I hope you enjoy what you find here. Do share if you think my vids are up to standard.

[@azuure6488]

Artifexian: If it is in the forbidden zone, you just have to go back :) Me, who spent an hour just for my thing not to work: 👁👄👁

[@stellarx20]

Simply grab some deus ex machina dust and break the laws of physics, simple way to avoid calculating in order to actually make a realistic stellar system. In case you didn't know deus ex machina means "gods in the machine" so it's pretty literal in the sense it would usually be used in for world building, which is just grabbing the gods to fix things that would be impossible without just getting the gods involved

[@wanderingrandomer]

Artifexian, I wonder how many times you had to redo the numbers before making this video as, so far, my P-Type system is being a huge pain in the arse! Probably because both of my stars are less massive than the Sun. I should specify that the problem is with creating a habitable world in my system.

[@Fuar11]

I've read that the planet's orbit can be 3x the maximum separation and not 4. In all the cases I've tried my habitable zone never extends far enough to reach 4x. But with 3x it does. Can a planet make out with only 3x max separation for it's orbital distance?

[@ender_scythe2879]

+Artifexian you should use ☉ (the sun's symbol) instead of sol when putting it in equations.

[@Sabersonic]

Guess you did go over Barycenters, granted at the stellar level. Wished they covered that in 4th Edition of GURPS Space, but I think one could do some variable fudging and find planetary barycenters by going back to the original formulas/equations. Doubtful that moons would appear from double planet subsystems outside the Earth - Moon type.It would be interesting, but I doubt something like that would be possible under known astrophysical/mathematical laws for an indefinite period of time or at least within the lifespan of the star system without something bad happening in that arrangement... Still, very insightful and helpful video. Thanks for publishing.

[@mutemusings]

May have already been considered - but a Ternary Star System, is it mathematically feasible? I wanted to introduce one in a gaming system, and rather than simply rely on fantastical fantasy - I like having some reality/plausibility to my creations and you've by far provided one of the best tools for this in these videos. Much appreciated and I look forward to further content!

[@stupidsonicseriez8382]

This is the most awesome space video ever im not really a star wars fan but I really love the binary stars theme its really cool when I get univese sandbox 2 I have to make this

[@TheOlian04]

Vsauce2 sent me, and I love your work!!

[@Artifexian]

That's an amazing comment to read. Thanks for coming over to my neck of the woods and taking the time to check my stuff out! Much appreciated and glad you enjoyed.

[@yaumelepire6310]

It doesn't need to be in the habitable zone to be habitable if something like a rampant greenhouse effect is present. It must be stable though, which is rare.

[@CanIhasmuffin]

im trying to build a system and i know this is an8 year old video but where did the 4*maximum separation number come from for the habitable world? ive looked around other related videos and you talk about the habitable planet "needing" to be in a specific place but never elaborate on why

[@liamscienceguy8153]

Why do habitable planets have to be at least 4x maximum separation of the stars? 5:43

[@AstronautaVerdadeiro_77]

Stability - as a rule of thumb. You can check this post (hard-sci-fi.blogspot.com/2020/07/other-concepts-empire-of-thousand-suns.html) as it mentions some studies on the matter.

[@ccramit]

VSauce just gave you a shoutout in BiDiPi 49.

[@Artifexian]

He did indeed :D Absolute mind blow on my part :)

[@JonnysGameChannel]

Just found your channel. Now I'm plowing through your videos. My brain goes *OM NOM NOM NOM...*

[@Artifexian]

Yay brain food! Glad you enjoyed :)

[@DracarmenWinterspring]

Maybe I'm missing a basic point with all the habitable zones calculations, but here's possibly an edge case: Would it be possible to place a habitable planet static (relative to the system) in the exact barycentre between two stars? If they had low eccentricity and were the right distance from the planet, the amount of sunlight and tidal forces wouldn't vary too greatly. I suppose it would be virtually impossible for such a system to form naturally, but if it existed with the right parameters, is there any reason it couldn't be habitable?

[@ElektrikPichuZ]

You should see if the planet Earth stoppedrorating, it would be a hell

[@DracarmenWinterspring]

★ Cuddlepuff ★ Yes, but only because Earth is 'balanced' so that it gets the right amount of sunlight during half a day on average, and stopping its rotation would make it get twice that much on one side and none on the other. I'm talking about a hypothetical planet where the distance from both stars is greater, or the stars are less bright, so it gets the same amount of sunlight during a full day.

[@ElektrikPichuZ]

Dracarmen Winterspring I think gravity would have killed the planet though, but you should try making it, but my guess is the gravity would be too strong to support life, but I could be wrong. Try your shrinking ability on your twin stars. c:

[@ShonataBeata]

I really enjoyed this. Great job, and keep up the good work bro. :)

[@lipamanka]

I love your videos so much, you changed my life

[@KaaSerpent]

Thanks to VSauce2, I found a new channel to subscribe to. Now, to watch all of your existing videos...

[@JGHFunRun]

There's a lot of information that wasn't explained, like ohidunno "WHY THOSE VALUES" and "WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A PLANET IS IN THE FORBIDDEN ZONE" not like someone might want to use that to kick everyone out of the system or something...

[@derekkaplan3420]

Wouldn't max and min distance to the barycenter for a single star be based on the star's semi-major axis and the other star be irrelevant, rather than have it based on average separation?

[@darianchristie3260]

My minimum separation from the barycentre kept being negative, until I moved my suns a lot closer together. I had them at 2.8 AU originally. They didn't work at 1.8. When I changed them to 0.6 AU apart it suddenly worked. The mass of my second sun is a lot smaller (G3 yellow primary at 0.96 x Sol mass, M6 red secondary 0.21 x Sol).

[@dunodisko2217]

I was messing around with this and due to the forbidden zone my habitable zone was 0.0004 AU or 37,182.3 miles.

[@AaronGeo]

HUH

[@romanminaster5180]

'here there be dragons" Hmmm... *Star dies* "Here WERE dragons"

[@Benzl9]

Excellent videos Edgar, keep them coming!

[@Artifexian]

Will endeavour to do so :)

[@wiank6459]

Hey @Artifexian, you said AT LEAST 1.76 AU when it came to the third criteria. Does this mean it can be even less? Since there isn't context given behind the equation, I don't know what happens if indeed the distance would not be 1.76AU or 4 X Max

[@wiank6459]

Love your videos, really, but some clarity on this would be amazing

[@TlalocTemporal]

if the distance is less than 4 times the separation, tidal forces from the stars will start moving the planet. Best case, it gets kicked up to a higher orbit, worse it gets ejected from the system, worst case it collides with one of the stars or another planet. For the record, this critical distance is theorized to be somewhere between 4 and 8 times the star's separation. Artifexian is using the extreme lower limit; without a stabilizing resonance with another planet, a planet at 4 times the separation will almost certainly migrate inward and be kicked around by the stars.

[@goliaten2778]

Hey, a question. Can gas giant (hot jupiter) be closer than range of the forbidden zone to one of the stars in system?

[@AstronautaVerdadeiro_77]

Hot-jupiters are more found around stars wider than 100AU, at 15% frequency between other planet types around binaries. And 5% around binaries 1~50AU, there is a zero-frequency gap between 50~100AU. Is at least 3x more likely then - that a hot-jupiter in a binary system will actually orbit just one component, rather than the two at the same time. It also depends on how close the inner planetary disk is to the pair, but this is so close around close binaries that they will probably get yeeted out before they stabilize.

[@rollerroadstar8003]

I calculated my own binary system and the numbers worked out but when I put it into UniverseSandbox2 the planet flew off so...Idk.

[@evanstone724]

Would a ternary system follow similar guidelines as a binary system? How would you alter the calculations to account for the increased luminosity and solar mass?

[@calyodelphi124]

I'm playing around with constructing a binary star system, but I'm having a little trouble trying to figure out the orbits the stars take around their barycentre. Are the maximum and minimum separation points effectively like the apogee and perigee with respect to the barycentre? I.E., let's say I have two stars A and B of masses 1.2 and 0.8 respectively. Average separation is 0.25 AU and the eccentricity for both is 0.5 The barycentre (B), max separation (Ms), min separation (ms), and total separation (Ms_T, ms_T) are thus: B_A = 0.1 AU B_B = 0.15 AU Ms_A = 0.15 AU ms_A = 0.05 AU Ms_B = 0.225 AU ms_B = 0.075 AU Ms_T = 0.375 AU ms_T = 0.125 AU Given these numbers, does this mean that star A will orbit the barycentre with apogee at 0.15 AU and perigee at 0.05 AU, and star B will orbit the barycentre with apogee at 0.225 AU and perigee at 0.075 AU?

[@joegnemmi]

Hey Artifexian, love your channel! Could you slow down even more on the maths? In earlier vids you glossed over it some, but I like having the explanation of what the math is accomplishing. Thanks!

[@AngelSamael]

did you account for the variation in luminosity of the stars changing places to a significant degree?

[@Artifexian]

No, if you wish to include that in your calculations you definitely should.

[@calyodelphi124]

Also, a separate question to ask: What is the reason for the eccentricities of a binary pair falling between 0.4 and 0.7? Is it mathematically implausible for binary stars to share low eccentricities (e.g., 0.125 and 0.1) and orbit the barycentre in nearly circular orbits? Or do they just naturally tend towards more eccentric orbits around their barycentre?

[@ryuko4478]

I want an answer to your question too, but I think it has something to do with the difference in mass of the two stars

[@Aipe-em1uk]

What would a habitabal planet in a Castor esque system look like? (Castor is a 6 star systems with three sets of 2 stars orbiting their own bary centers aswell as a common bary center for the 6 stars)

[@ChBrahm]

Can you make a video on how to have Skyrim like Moons? In that world there are 2 moons but one of them is orbiting the other. But one of the main features is that the bigger moon uses like 1/10 (probably less than that) of the entire night sky

[@jacksonjackson4178]

+ChBrahm try kzbin.info/www/bejne/qmfMZ4eGqNapl68 or kzbin.info/www/bejne/e6fUaKFomKiHosk :)

[@nynthes]

wait can a habitable planet be furhter than 4 times the max seperation>?

[@WhirligigGirl]

The stars should have the exact same orbital properties aside from their Arguement of Periastron (which should be 180 degrees more or less than each other) and semi-major-axis (which is mentioned in the video) Each star has to have the same barycentric inclination, mean anomaly, longitude of their ascending node, and MOST IMPORTANTLY: Eccentricity. You can not give each star a different eccentricity value. That's because what a barycentric orbit really is, is a planet orbiting a big star, and the planet makes the big star wobble a bit as it orbits. So the wobble is going to exactly match the dynamics of the planet's orbit. Well if the planet is scaled up to the size of a small star, the wobble will be magnified as well.

[@casseyflora7608]

me: I wanna learn about binary stars for my book. *MATH* Me: I learned nothing.

[@jthornt01]

So I realize this video is 6 years old but I have a question: what if your binary stars average separation is between 6 AU and 120 AU. Is it possible to have a habitable, Earth like planet in that type of binary system? I ask party because Alpha Centauri A and B have an average separation of 23 AU (about the distance from Earth to Uranus). Alpha Centauri A is 1.1 solar masses and B is 0.9 solar masses, so they're both in the goldilocks mass range.

[@5thDragonDreamCaster]

What's the habitable zone for liquid methane based life?

[@DrIBeast]

calculate the distance from the sun to titan. around there..

[@5thDragonDreamCaster]

DrIBeast Alright, and what do you think of the possibility of life based on something other than water?

[@DrIBeast]

Super interesting idea. There is things special about water that methane lacks. But until we find out more how life develops , and how life works. Its a total possibility. It does allow for a lot of interesting life forms. Due to the special properties of methane. Good luck

[@5thDragonDreamCaster]

DrIBeast Or on the stranger end, life based on liquid table salt, butane which is like methane but heavier, and the ridiculous like mercury metal.

[@DrIBeast]

Definitely a lot of interesting concepts. Sci-Fi definitely needs to incorporate more. Good luck man. Should definitely look further into the subject.

[@benjamindine8257]

You showed the calculation of the distance from the barycentre for the primary star. How did you get the distance of the barycentre from the secondary star? Did the formula become flipped? r=a(Ma/Ma+Mb)? Or is it a different formula?

[@wanderingrandomer]

You just find the difference between the primary's barycentre and the average separation.

[@notyouraverageaquarist8886]

What if I have a binary ‘star’ system, but the second star is basically a gaseous black mass?

[@cwdiode4521]

I created a python script that checks your tatooine system and gives you the values: trinket.io/python/60fc739b44 (Note: you can only input one eccentricity since K van der Veen pointed out and Artifexian confirmed in a reply, eccentrity can only be one value.)

[@AstronautaVerdadeiro_77]

distance to barycenter seems to be out, my input was the Makkel system - result was uninhabitable.

[@KlaxontheImpailr]

Is it possible to have a 3 star system?

[@kakashi392]

Needs moar stars

[@33ev502]

trinary systems can sustain a life planet if the stars are small enough

[@kakashi392]

RoboKing77 4 stars? 5? 6?

[@33ev502]

ASyL1M a quadrinary star system would be hard because of the heat the gravity but it would make a nice sunset one binary star sets another rises, anyway if there was 1 big star and 1 little star orbits it and another star orbits the little star theres a trinary systemand then if u put a small star 15 au from the frost line your life planet shouldn't burn up or be murdered by gravity

[@kakashi392]

RoboKing77 Must make 70 star sytem!

[@HwanSangHyang]

Is it possible? That simliar to S-type, but Secondary Star is very small (little bigger then Brown-dwarf) and it's Influence is Limited. (Primary Star) ----- (Planet A)----------(Bary Centre)-----(enough Far away)------- (Seondary Star). In this Case, Does Planet A orbit Center of Primary star or Bary Centre ?

[@ryuko4478]

Planets always orbit the bary-center even in our solar system (if all the planets line up the bary-center would be a bit above the surface of the sun!), in your case I think the bary-center would be inside the bigger star so the planet would orbit both 😊

[@HwanSangHyang]

Shehab Omran thanks for answer. I think my Secondary star isn't far enough.

[@scoutofthe107th]

with the barycenter calculation my barycenter seemed to end up outside the system, i think i did it wrong even though i did exactly what you said to do.

[@waris5926]

This is pretty awesome. Good thing I stumbled upon you.

[@SirGeeeO]

Dr. Manhattan needs to see this

[@Artifexian]

I am Dr.Manhattan :P

[@ysgramornorris2452]

Hold on, what is this frost limit? Solar systems have recently been discovered in which gas giants orbit the closest to their stars, while Earth-like planets orbit farther away. In fact, that configuration seems to be the norm, while our solar system would be an exception. Am I wrong?

[@amfvideos6810]

You should do a video on binary planets

[@ryanofarrell186]

Guys, I'm thinking of a kickstarter for Tatooine. Will you back it?

[@imienazwisko6527]

Can star orbit exccentricity be lover than 0.4, if Barycenter is inside star A?

[@brachypelmasmith]

what does the inner limit represent? Shouldnt that be forbiden zone limit as well?

[@caterscarrots3407]

So for multiple star systems that have planets, would I basically combine the formulas for your P type binary and your S type binary unless it is a special case where all possible subsystems are P type or single stars or S type in which case I would use only 1 set of formulas for the whole star system?

[@geoffreybrunell5592]

You wouldn't need to combine the masses of the two stars in S-type planetary systems since both of the stars can have stable orbits around each of them.

[@caterscarrots3407]

+Geoffrey Brunell I was talking about combining the formulas. For example with a ternary system it could be all P type, a P type binary with a far away companion, or all stars far apart.

[@geoffreybrunell5592]

Caters Carrots I know, that's what I meant.

[@TheAnantaSesa]

Although I'm not an astronomer I still find it strange how you drew the orbits of the two stars. Something seems wrong.

[@grimtheghastly8878]

Question: is 0.14 AU too close for overall minimum separation between the stars?

[@ct-hv1uz]

I think a big important factor for making a Tatooine clone would be: It needs to be on the inner edge of the habitable zone so that the majority of the land is desert. In Star Wars, food is grown on Tatooine by extracting water vapor from the air and condensing it to usable water and growing food with it, as there are no rivers or deltas to make suitable farmlands. Also, because of the scarcity of resources and difficulty of life, such a planet would not be favorable for establishing a regulated civilization and it would most likely be a hub of crime and exploitation. Tatooine has the Hutt clan, for instance, who maintain a smuggling ring. Honest workers like Luke and his aunt and uncle are constantly in danger of being raided by nomads, ripped off by shady droid dealers, etc.

[@stephenmcbride1094]

Unless I am missing something, here the reference to Tatooine is merely;y in reference to the stars and not the planets environment.

[@zachsowerby5656]

Edgar - As I am fairly new to worldbuilding, this question may have an obvious answer, but I'll ask anyway. Is there any way whatsoever, absent planetary migration, that a terrestrial planet could form beyond the frost line? Or does the frost line represent an exclusive divide between terrestrial and gas planets? Thanks - Love your videos. Keep up the good work!

[@Artifexian]

Unfortunately without planet migration its pretty much going to be terrestrial planets inside the frost line and gas giants outside. Moons of these gas giants can be rocky though but they too most likely will be the result of migration and capture. Thanks for watching. Glad you enjoy :)

[@Madash023]

Why is it necessary for the outer edge of the forbidden zone to be within the outer limit? If the inner edge of the forbidden zone is well outside the inner limit, couldn't planets form within this region, even if the forbidden zone extends past the outer limit?

[@Artifexian]

Yes, but then the planets won't orbit the stars in a tatooine style configuration. The distance to the forbidden zone is directly proportional to the distance between the stars so tight in FZ - means close stars - means tatooine configuration.

[@sashabosch4417]

Do you just draw the things you make, like stars and planets or do you also use a app or game to simulate it? Btw love your channel🤗

[@white_shadow_123]

This is great.. I hope you make it to the big league

[@Artifexian]

Cheers, trckojr. I hope I do. Want everyone to get into worldbuilding :)

[@EFGteamsup]

Artifexian take my sub sir

[@carbunky6098]

How could I adapt the barycenter formula for binary planets?

[@MrMichkov]

How did you arrive at you eccentricity range? or asked differently why only as low as .4 and not all the way down to 0?

[@Artifexian]

The eccentricity range is taken from GURPS Space roleplaying guide. My research at the time lead me to believe that binary stars orbit on very eccentric orbits and 0.4 - 0.7 seemed to fit my observations. You could go lower, im sure there would be real life precedents for that, however 0 isn't an option. All celestial bodies' orbits are to some degree eccentric. For example Earths orbit = ca. 0.017

[@MrMichkov]

Artifexian Thanks, it seems reasonable on second thought that binaries wouldn't have low eccentricities. I assumed that because the big objects in our solar system tend to be on near circular orbits, binaries could as well. But the low eccentricities may be due to the interaction of planets on each other.

[@Terran123rd]

I think I'm doing my math wrong, somehow (or maybe this is going over my head?). I'm building a binary system with a K dwarf 0.43 solar masses and an M dwarf 0.2 solar masses. I decided on an average separation of .11 au and came up with a barycenter ~0.035 au from the primary and ~0.075 au from the secondary. A has an eccentricity of 0.41, B has one of 0.47. A varies from 0.0649 au to 0.1551 au from the barycenter, while B varies from 0.0583 to 0.1617 au. So far, so good. I think. From that, I got a total minimum separation between A and B of 0.1232, with a total maximum of 0.3168. The minimum of that total is more than a tenth of an au larger than my average. What am I doing wrong?

[@Terran123rd]

+Terran123rd Disregard this, I figured it out.

[@DeathlyPoem]

Does the habitable planet **have** to me 4x the max separation or can it be a bit over?

[@AstronautaVerdadeiro_77]

it can be over

[@33ev502]

edgar can you do more tutorials on stars ie quadrinary and trinary and things like that its just that people seem really interested in it and i dont wanna answer too many questions cuz then i might be wrong

[@Artifexian]

RoboKing77 Yes definitely. Next video will be on s-type system, anti-tatooine if you will. Then ill do trinary and hopefully quadrinary. The issue here is that the more stars there are, the more speculative and less accurate the builds become. So I don't want to make any promises beyond trinary/quadrinary. That sound ok?

[@33ev502]

Artifexian thanks im going to write a book (eventually) about a small rocky planet in a trinary system and the book charts the evolutionary progress of the planet and COOL STUFF and what are you planning on doing after trinary/quadrinary?

[@zorcor]

Hey Artifexian How about if you wanted to build a tri-star system? I think it would be a interesting vid.

[@wasserruebenvergilbungsvirus]

I was lucky and my numbers worked out the first time I tried, but I still have a question: Does anyone know how to calculate how fast the stars rotate around their barrycentre? I want to know how frequent stellar eclipses are, since I imagine this affects the culture/religion/calendar of aliens native to such a system quite a lot.

[@adriencoffinet9444]

There is a problem: assuming negligible outer influences, both your two stars will have the exact same eccentricity.

[@PureNeptune]

Does it HAVE to orbit 4 x Max seperation? Or is it a minimum?

[@remavas5470]

its a minimum

[@jimfuelig3561]

+PureNeptune but why

[@Thompsoncorv]

so the star doesn't get too close to the planet and inevitably blast it with too much heat/radiation for habitability

[@jensbrandt7207]

Sorry man, I know that this is a year later, but I´m trying to write a Programm that generates planetary systems. All the equaition here make sense and are well explained, but not this one with 4 x Mas seperation as a minimum for a habitable world. I get that the recieved raidiation is an important factor in the habitability of a world, but why is the average seperation of the Stars of any importance? Shouldn´t the luminosity, thus the spectralclass or/and the age of the stars and their rataitional period be the crucial factors here? If youhavea binary System that has a F-class star and a K-class star, opposed to one with two K-class stars and the same orbital parameters, wouldnt the F-classstars radiation be way more significant? Young stars tend to flare up a lot stronger and more ofen then old ones and the faster the rotaioion is, the more Flares will come up. So I would really appreciate if you could help me out there. thx

[@jensbrandt7207]

+ Luke Thompson Sorry man, I know that this is a year later, but I´m trying to write a Programm that generates planetary systems. All the equaition here make sense and are well explained, but not this one with 4 x Mas seperation as a minimum for a habitable world. I get that the recieved raidiation is an important factor in the habitability of a world, but why is the average seperation of the Stars of any importance? Shouldn´t the luminosity, thus the spectralclass or/and the age of the stars and their rataitional period be the crucial factors here? If youhavea binary System that has a F-class star and a K-class star, opposed to one with two K-class stars and the same orbital parameters, wouldnt the F-classstars radiation be way more significant? Young stars tend to flare up a lot stronger and more ofen then old ones and the faster the rotaioion is, the more Flares will come up. So I would really appreciate if you could help me out there. thx

[@NoMoreNiceGuy1]

Really entertaining to watch while taking a shit

[@Artifexian]

Not something I intended, but good that my video are wide and varied applications. :D

[@pjay1233]

FIrst off Madness + Awesome = Artifexian! I had a question about the effects of Dark Matter in the binary system. (disclaimer, I'm learning and thanks to you this is my first step into understanding/wanting to build a binary planetary system) One of the links after this video explained the importance of Dark Matter in the Solar system as well as in galaxies. Is this something to really take into consideration or to far on the side of theroy? Thanks again...you're AMAZING!!!

[@sojourner_303]

When I mess with it in Universe Sandbox, e=0 looks like a 0 (well really it looks like an O but I write 0 as a more circular form anyway) and e=1 looks like a 1. Nice mnemonic.

[@zelda64rules]

Using some math, it seems that another orbit is possible between ~81.41 and 88 AU, let's say one at 82.7

[@Rose-vb4wk]

could a planet exist at the Barycentre? Just curious

[@physicsverse450]

Theoretically, yes, but there would have to be equal forces acting on it in all directions. This would mean it wouldn't be moving at all. The only problem is that the slightest gravitational perturbation from another object, would destabilise the planet from its stable point in the barycentre. This would probably not arise naturally though. You may be able to set up a simulation in Universe Sandbox 2 to test this.

[@7DYNAMIN]

Are you sure that the two stars can have different excentricities

[@AstronautaVerdadeiro_77]

Yes, one can be really massive and orbit circularly around the barycenter, while the other is a red dwarf in a very eccentric orbit.

[@AshtonSnapp]

BUT. How do you create Kepler-64?

[@semdel8360]

This is great. I like challenging things like difficult formulas. Next to that. This is something I can come with to our local observatory to show of with ;). Thanks a lot! +1 sub for you sir.

[@Artifexian]

Ha go for it! Spread the word, as much as possible. Thanks for the sub. Its an honour to have you aboard the good ship Artifexian!

[@Cebramik]

Great Video, though I know I'm 6 years late, the Luminosity is wrong, assuming L=M^4 from your other video. I tried to copy the system from the video but ended up with L(A)=2.8561 and L(B)=0.6561. This leads to the habitable zone being the following, Inner: 1.78 AU and Outer: 2.567 AU. This means if a habitable Planet needs to orbit at 4x the max separation the example given in the video would barely be outside of the habitable zone (and therefore not habitable). Feel free to correct me

[@daniel_rossy_explica]

in a more recent video he states that L = M^3.5, not 4.

[@Cebramik]

@@daniel_rossy_explica that makes more sense, thanks

[@milesperhour9256]

i just made it at universe sandbox 2

[@xoran4863]

+auyang lai Universe Sandbox 2 FTW

[@jalensdebt4959]

Show us a picture.

[@astralwither8402]

same

[@sofijazlatanov1192]

Hey I'm kinda new to all this and don't really understand how to calculate the barycentre, could anyone explain it a bit please?

[@sofijazlatanov1192]

@@brainzpvz2592 You good sir/lady/person are a real mvp, thank you very much

[@brainzpvz2592]

@@sofijazlatanov1192 No worries, glad I could help.

[@zacharybyford8200]

how am i to find these luminosity equations when i dont know the luminosity?

[@dsmaster7173]

Look for the how to build a star video.

[@TheHorreK2]

I will never call me on the smartnes level/machted for space science but damn....i love this shit and i hope i will live to see the first human on another planet.

[@Artifexian]

I want to be one of those humans!

[@reemnadia]

Very nice! I saw you on vsauce and it is worth it, I liked and subbed

[@Artifexian]

Thanks for the sub! :) It means a lot. New video should be on its way in a few days. Stay tuned

[@Creeper4Bfast]

Bravo! I love it!

[@Nelsonnntannn]

What is he saying instead of "zero"?

[@EdiciusMai]

Nought.

[@Artifexian]

Sorry, I've always used zero and nought interchangeably. Will endeavour to make things clearer in the future.

[@djjimmaster8261]

Me when I'm thinking about placing the planet inbetween the two stars, on the barycentre

[@chame17]

Wow yeah. Subscribing immediately.

[@quantum.starhop]

Really like the explanations and detail in this video and other videos. It's clear that you put work into this series. New sub, Vsauce2 sent me. P.S. Can you make a printable paper sheet that lists all of the equations and what they do, as well as one that lists all the ranges for the distances between stellar bodies? Thanks :)

[@i_teleported_bread7404]

"Note that if the mass is below 0.08, it's no longer a star." *cough cough* Black dwarfs *cough cough*

[@oof2800]

In Universe Sandbox 2 I made life in a binary system and the stars are 6 AU apart (Planets have stable orbits o.o)