Building a FLYING BOAT: Foiling LASER design and ENGINEERING

[@ivainmartinossi7529]

that is the most complicated way to date to do a core workout. Hanging from the side of a sailing dinghy equipped with foils and pulled by a motor boat. Well done sir!

[@luxmonday]

Great work! I built my own E-foil based on a large Axis foil, and my feeling overall is that it never hurts to have too much slow speed lift... The energy to get the boat lifted out of the water and break the surface drag is huge... the quicker the foil lifts, the lower the speed/power needed to get up, even if it limits your maximum speed on foil. It's more fun to have something that can get up in 15kt winds reliably than to need 25kt. A sailboat doesn't really have the same "burst mode" as an e-foil to break the surface. It takes me 1000W to break the surface, and only 475W to fly. I feel as the foil size and lift goes up that ratio will come down and takeoffs won't be a super hectic beam reach...

[@samholmessailing]

Awesome job. Ive found the bubbles from the propeller in the middle of the wake also make the foils loose lift and hard to control. Looks like you might have figured that out too though moving to the side a bit. Great build!

[@SailingFrolic]

Fancy seeing you here, Sam! Send some sponsors my way! Am stranded 😂😅

[@rcpmac]

Excellent observation! There are aeration pools at a sewage plant plastered with signs that say "Caution, you will not float in this water". Obvious once pointed out. Even a longer tow line will "fix' the towing problem. The America's cup prototypes tested their systems without sails, just a tow

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you Sam! Yes turbulence and air bubbles make the ow very hard to predict! I'm also thinking to use a different foil conofiguration in the future, hoping to have some time to spend in this project... youtube is so fun that pushes to do more! Thanks again

[@NoahStone-gu4hx]

So happy I found this channel what a great video

[@MartinBettler]

Pretty impressive engineering and implementation - Bravo!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks a lot 😊

[@Team33Team33]

All he needed to do was buy a Moth foiling dinghy. The amount of effort engineers go to to complicate their lives is amazing. LOL.

[@travisperry4515]

It was for his master's thesis you schmuck ​@Team33Team33

[@RDM-RC]

As someone who used to race Laser's I would love one of these!! Absolutely genius! If I had a shop like that man, I could make anything!

[@ChrisThompson-dh7mv]

Have you tried one? The Laser is a great class, but reliable foiling needs a very different boat. Foiling well requires lots of righting moment to handle the high apparent wind, and a rig with very low aerodynamic drag. The Laser doesn't qualify on either of those counts. It's not hard to pop up on a reach in moderate winds in a foiling Laser, but that is very different to being a more practical foiler. You can't foil upwind because you cannot get enough stability and the rig creates too much aero drag. You therefore sail a lot of the time with the hull immersed normally, and then the foils really slow the boat. Foiling is about a lot more than just popping up on a reach.

[@arnassepetys6606]

Congrats on graduation!!! amazing project

[@maxmorrow-g3j]

For tow ups, pull the boat at an angle or steer the boat at an angle to the boats direction of travel… having a force pulling on the boat (like wind force on a sail) perpendicular it the direction of travel means you have something to lean against and makes balancing way easier. Also, there’s a reason most hydrofoils have heavy anhedral: when you have windward heel - crucial for upwind sailing - dihedral or a flat wing will cause the wing tips to breach, and if you have a consistent airfoil profile I.e. no washout or altered lift distribution at the tips, you will get ventilation on the foil and crash.

[@LeonardoValente_]

I love this new technology, the future is going to be amazing. Great project and video :)

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks!

[@sayitwithplaid]

Nicely done. I imagine we are all eager to see how you resolve the problems.

[@thesoundofleadership-solfl7379]

Great project!! Congratulations!!! Keep on doing your stuff!!

[@orangespy]

Congratulations on your research results and studies! Look forward to more crazy videos! Don't stop learning!

[@davithelion]

bellissimo, vedo che i video vecchi hanno alti e bassi, questo con la copertina così curata e l'aspetto generale del video migliorato, ha contribuito ad avere più visual, io ti ho trovato tra i consigliati e non mi occupo di vela o altro di questo campo, quindi ti volevo fare i complimenti perchè hai beccato la formula giusta, avrai una lunga strada continuando così

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie mille!! Son contento che abbia apprezzato!

[@starb0ard]

Spoken from the Heart, and so honest. Baring your soul to us all, such a difficult thing to do. Let's hope you sail into calmer waters soon❤

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you!!

[@miquelsalvatejedor3123]

Thank you Edoardo! Great video. Please keep creating content like this!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you Miquel!!

[@mossm717]

Incredible! It's amazing to see how aircraft and boat design have converged

[@petergrundy8081]

Keep at it that was pretty good progress

[@Sbinott0]

Per essere uno dei tuoi primi video grandissima qualità sia nel progetto che nel video

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie mille!!😉

[@michaelsdrone870]

Should pull from the mast trunk. The hull of an ILCA is very heavy for this too. Also the lifejacket from the first test was visually offensive to the competitive sailor in me. This was really cool though.

[@EdoardoChisale]

You’re right! I forgot the life jacket and so I took the emergency one in the rented boat😂

[@reefjames6302]

Amazing! Well done, and congrats on the masters!

[@SiggiSwole]

I bought an old 420 Laser the other month and had no idea it could be able to foil with the right mods. You are inspiring! Also congrats on your masters!

[@fishingwonder5271]

420 laser? Do you mean a laser 2 or a vanguard 15

[@SiggiSwole]

@@fishingwonder5271 I had to look this up and now I think its a Laser by Laser Performance. Just like the one in the video. But mine is over 40 years old. I just keep confusing it with the 420 because it says 420 (cm long) in it's papers. Thank you!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you a lot!

[@danieleraimondi864]

great video and great work, congrats!

[@dcmsr5141]

Dude, Excellent!!!!

[@Francescodisimone-n4v]

Totally awesome!!! KEEP GOING 🤌🏼

[@EdoardoChisale]

Cheers mate❤️

[@TomStuchberySailing]

So cool, really nice work! Can’t wait to see what you come up with next!

[@arnaud7897]

WAW ! Congrats !

[@richdecibels]

holy moly this is so impressive. thanks for sharing your project! 😮

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks a lot😉

[@BeboScuba]

Progetto davvero encomiabile.. bravissimo.. questa passione ti porterà lontano se persevererai nel coltivarla.. incarni appieno lo spirito italiano 👏🏻👍🏻

[@enricocannio7526]

Congratulazioni! Queste si che son robe da pubblicare!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie mille Enrico!

[@Sup666-n8l]

Incredible work!

[@Secretlyanothername]

This is actually amazing. Incredible work, and you've told this story so well

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks!😊

[@chriscochrane6319]

Nice thesis project. If I may make a few suggestions In line invert T foilers only have stability when heeled to windward see Dave Holloms article in seahorse. Carbon sheathed wood longitudinal cores need a 45/45 shear web So that they do not fail in core compression particularly at centreboard case exit to avoid carbon step fracture put the majority of your longitudinal uni carbon in a trough of 4-10 layers 10-15% of chord width. This will more evenly load the carbon flange which should be over the shear web. remember elongation strain to fail as well as stress in your distribution of load carrying . You will need quite a lot of 45/45 on the vertical foils so that you do not have 2 rudders. Say 1200 gm at least. Hope that helps

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you for your suggestions! Appreciate it!

[@ChrisThompson-dh7mv]

In-line foilers do NOT only have stability when heeled to windward. Even when upright there is still the weight of the sailor well to windward, just as if the hull was in the water. They do generate MORE stability when heeled to windward but that is very different from saying they only have stability with windward heel - go out and try it!

[@ed6091]

Ciao Edoardo, è la prima volta che vedo un tuo video e da studente di ingegneria aerospaziale sono felicissimo di aver scoperto il tuo canale! Mi manca un ultimo esame per finire la triennale ma la tesi l’ho già scritta, come te ho voluto fare una cosa sperimentale. Ho costruito bilancia e attraverso un tunnel del vento ho studiato il comportamento di un paracadute di un razzo da competizione che ho progettato insieme ad un gruppo di altri studenti. Fino all’ultimo minuto ho pensato che studiassi anche te aerospaziale ma quando hai detto yacht design ha avuto tutto più senso. È pazzesco quanto le due discipline si intreccino! Un grosso in bocca al lupo per tutto!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie mille! In effetti ho fatto anche io la triennale al polimi in aerospaziale, in bocca al lupo con i tuoi studi e complimenti per la tesi!

[@WhoTheHellIsFabio]

Bro tu sei pazzo, chapeau

[@meric1888]

fantastic design fella 🎉🎉

[@adamPRFL]

Excellent; very informative and of course, congratulations on your degree. Well deserved.

[@Bel0b0]

Lavoro strepitoso. complimenti!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie mille!

[@luhser4242]

Love u, and ur interesting video ❤❤❤

[@PepinoMichoacan]

Great job !

[@laugebrimgiest]

Awesome! well done

[@harrie205]

Great work

[@loicmeuro]

Incroyable !

[@Acoustic_Music-h6x]

Really cool experiment. Just some unsolicited suggestions to help you from a Laser sailor. You need more cunningham tension to remove wrinkles from the luff of the sail and move/keep max draft in the sail forward to about 1/3 - so it looks like an airfoil - it will be more aerodynamically efficient this way. As the sail stretches draft moves backward so you need more tension as the wind increases. Also a tight loop of rope around the boom and attached to the clew of sail, so it can slide back and forward on the boom and the outhaul only controls outhaul tension, to keep it snug to the boom, and more outhaul tension. Tie your outhaul to the eye on the boom and loop through the sail so you get a 2:1 mech advantage. Do the same with your cunningham. In the wind you are experiencing here a flatter sail with more outhaul tension works best. I've never seen a jib on a laser before or a main that does not have a sleeve to go over the mast? With a properly trimmed sail (outhaul tension, cunningham tension and vang) you will get less healing and more forward driving force. Notice the commercially available foiling sailing dingys use side foils. It would make balance easier.

[@oikkuoek]

Even though the flapper is a nice touch, the whole wing needs a radius design. Also, it doesn't have to be at the very bottom of the keel. The rudder wing can be different, it also needs more lift to keep the rig longitudinally stable. The keel wing is pushing the whole boat up and these two lift points with the center of mass should form a triangle, where the COM is in between the two lift points. If there is a lot of mass outside the area between lift points, the rig is unstable.

[@EdoardoChisale]

Yes you’re right, I made this design similar to the moth to not modify the laser structure, but the boat is significantly heavier and probably the best design should be two lateral c foil, that generates some righting moment… maybe will do in the future😉

[@lamorimferreira]

Congratulations!

[@luigifilippofassati8390]

A forza di guardare sti video rischio di diventare ingegnere navale 😂Grande Edo!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie Lupo!!😉

[@warrencranch2614]

Really good video, the learning curve is steep, and congratulations on your degree

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you!

[@mm74forums7]

Great work! For the graduation. :) Congrats! Check how is it done on Flying Moth. I think, for take off you need to manually push flaps down, with speed they need to be released up and controlled by the auto-wand. Make the wand longer. On airplanes rear wings, the stabilizer does not produce positive lift. It makes some negative lift. It is very important. It is how the pitch is naturally stabilized.

[@freeofbug]

Nice. I just check your video when you sail. What I observe (check 1.04 minutes) : when the boat is on water, you have a certain position on the boat to counter the effect of the wind (which acts as torque on the mast). The angle is maintened by orange force. When the boat is outside of the water, orange force disapears , so you need to put your body far away to counter the torque. So, your foil need differential elevon (like a plane which turns left or right) to counter effectively the torque. I hope that i was clear in my explanation

[@EdoardoChisale]

You're right! I thougth about it, that would be a very clever design, but as a first try i went for the easyest construction. It would require a electronic control system but the differential elevon system would be great to build (but also complex). I was thinking to change foil configuration, the problem is time ahaha. Thanks for your comment!

[@davedonovan2681]

incredible job!!

[@HANDIY]

Nice work!

[@sadas672]

👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻 bravo!!

[@reubenjackson7829]

wow thats really impressive

[@1212354a]

I have been wind foiling the last 6 years. Similar loads, but with a variable rig. I balance with just one T foil, but it has a fuselage and a rear wing for balance.

[@THEspinacheMan]

Pretty cool dude

[@wynandsijben338]

This video might do really well. Just got it recommended in NZ. Never seen any of yiur work, but this is great. Hope to see you try it with wind soon!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you very much!! Love New Zeland!

[@johnilett3317]

Looks like you need more lift from the rudder, this will keep the boat level and reduce the main foil lift plus it will also mean the wand stays in contact with the water so that the wand control will work properly.

[@sunny53078]

dont consider it a fail it is a simple setback or re-engineering oppertunity! you only fail when you quit trying!

[@Stoo48]

A brilliant piece of work, can't wait to see the next installment. Unfortunately I'm too old and inflexible to sail foiling dinghies now but as an Engineer I have wondered whether it would be possible to make my Melges MC Scow fly! 😁

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you! I guess averything is possible with the right passion behind!

[@Giarko]

Ragazzo mio, mi hai letto nel pensiero!👌

[@PeakTorque]

Great video Subbed🎉

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks!

[@hansschipper]

Your video shows perfect the instability of foiling. How often the wind is right for foiling? For that reason I removed the foils of my trimaran.

[@recumbentrocks2929]

Good effort. What about stabliser floats on each side and perhaps a bigger sail.

[@stinkintoad]

I would love to do this - keep trying.

[@leonardo_chiesu]

Che video (e progetto) pazzesco

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie mille😊

[@cageordie]

In low wing aircraft with dihedral it isn't slip and AOA that makes them stable, because side slip is extremely inefficient and is used to shed energy. Turns are coordinated using the rudder. When the aircraft rolls the horizontal area of the wing on the down side increases, and the other side decreases. The center of lift moves to the other side of the center of mass and you get a counter roll moment. The Harrier, which you used as the anhedral example, is stable because of the metacentric height. Just like a boat. The ten tons of aircraft mass are centered well below the center of lift, so the aircraft hands like a pendulum. The C-5 and C-17 have similar characteristics, but in their case the static images are deceptive because the wings flex upward in flight too. So as their lead increases they become more stable. Fuel load also increases aerodynamic stability, but raises the center of mass, because it is carried inside the wings. F-104s had center mounted anhedral wings, and a Stability Augmentation System to stop them from rolling. The F-4 also used stability augmentation, because it used a low, flat, wing with relatively small dihedral tips. However it could still be flown if the system failed, like in a double generator failure. The Eurofighter Typhoon has a low, flat, wing and is not aerodynamically stable. I don't know if anyone has managed to fly one with the control system in direct mode. If it even has one. When I was bidding work on the Eurofighter we used to joke that the flight computer fail light should be linked to the ejector seat.

[@NoQuarterSailing]

Don't forget your clew tie - to make the sailplan more effective.

[@Carl_Donaldson]

Clever guy

[@stefanomarchi3542]

Iscritto immediatamente! Video stupendo davvero. Sei stato tu a modellare la barca su rhino? Da studente di architettura ti faccio i complimenti ahahah

[@stefanomarchi3542]

2:17 Comunque assurdo, sembra proprio Porto Rotondo, ero lì qualche settimana fa

[@EdoardoChisale]

Ciao grazie mille!! Si eh ormai rhino è fondamentale… Ero a La Spezia!

[@Kingbanana5]

11:45 I hope that’s the boats fin

[@dereevnya]

чел харош!!! супер контент

[@guidoboebel4336]

Speciale!

[@jank.496]

Very nice! Which software did you use for displaying the forces and for calculating the equations? Is your thesis anywhere published?

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you! I used Rhinoceros for graphics! Then for calculations just excel. I think you can find the thesis just online!

[@Stnndn]

10:37 , did you add a job to the boat also? Awesome!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Yes!!

[@ieism1]

Subscribed, what a fun project. I agree you're making it harder in a way to tow behind the boat. Not only for the reasons you mention but also the wake of the boat and turbulance disturb the foil a lot. I kitefoil, and also foil behind boats and it takes quite a bit of practice to get used to the boat and you need very quick reactions not relaly possible with bodyweight in a sailboat. Or use a very long rope at least next time.

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks, you're right, it neeeds to get used to it :)

[@danielstewart3507]

I have just watched this for a second time. Incredible project and video documentation. I am doing a CFD Major Project for my 4th Year of Mechanical Engineering BE. Which program were you using for your CFD analysis? I am using CREO Parametric for 3D modelling and Ansys CFX/Fluent for the CFD. I'm really looking forward to seeing the next video in this series!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks a lot Daniel! I used xfoil for potential flow, and I also use Ansys for cfd, but for 3d it’s really hard to use… for 3d modeling I use rhino, but sometimes also creo is useful!

[@danielstewart3507]

@@EdoardoChisale Thank you for your reply. I've watched this video a few times now. There is so much useful information in it. Do you have any links you could provide me with for further reading? I assume you are some kind of Naval Architect. I would love to study Naval Architecture further. Unfortunately the University in the city I live doesn't provide that course so I studied Mech Eng. When can we expect another video?

[@emanuelpichelli2189]

Complimenti

[@filipp6639]

Interesting project, waiting for the next parts, what software did you use for plane analysis?

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you! I used xfoil

[@cravebelize]

You need to look at the International Moth dynamics.

[@jeffarcher400]

Curses! Foiled again! I'm trying to learn wingfoiling and it's not easy. I tried to e-foil and it was hard also. It's like dancing on a dinner plate on a pedestal. Lots of broaching and splatting. I've been thinking about a biplane wing with lots of lift at slower speed to break surface stiction. Once the hull is up the upper wing is out of the water for less drag. Instead of splat landing the upper wing renters and cushions the landing or regenerates flight. I wanted to make a foiling catamaran using an old Hobie cat and a trolling motor. The wide beam and low friction seem perfect for foiling. The foils could be attached to the aluminum cross beams and retract up for transport, beaching and conventional putting around. Then they can be lowered electrically or manually to lift the hulls just off the water for calm days and learning or higher for advanced flying and chop or swells. After watching flying fish I noticed their tail works only on the surface of the water avoiding drag and providing lift. It moves in a quick S shape sweeping across the surface. How cool if this form of propulsion could be copied. Maybe the pectoral wings could be copied too providing lift along with altitude and steering control. I watched the flying fish from a high speed foiling catamaran ride to Catalina Island. Flying over the swells in the giant ship with throbbing motors kicking up rooster tails I felt like Man was King of Sea and science. Then I saw the flying fish gliding silently from crest to crest and realized how much it was taking for us to do the same thing and was instantly humbled.

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks for your comment Jeff! The similarity with dancing on the dinner plate is perfect ahahah. Making a foiling Hobie cat would be great fun, also maybe easier due to the double foil configuration that a catamaran offers. Always taking inspiration from nature! Thanks again!

[@rikpoletti]

Bellissimo video , ma dentro diga c'è meno mare, hai provato? Barvissimo bel progetto! quando ho visto Spezia sono rimasto a bocca aperta!

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie! Si eravamo usciti dalla diga in cerca di vento ma abbiamo trovato solo onda😂 Eh si il golfo di Spezia si riconosce subito!!

[@jottjott264]

Great video! Where are you going to uni? Im planning to study something regarding hydrodynamics an foil design. Maybe your uni does some of that?

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you! I went in Politecnico di Milano for aerospace engineering and then in Università di Genova for nautical engineering

[@AnttiBrax]

Pretty neat! What kind of towing speed did this foil require?

[@EdoardoChisale]

Hi! it lifts at around 6kts!

[@andreacremonesi8360]

Ciao! Bel video e bell'esperimento! ma come mai l'anima delle appendici è in balsa? Realizzare un' anima in un materiale leggero tipo xps o simili, da utilizzare solo come forma da rivestire, ed aumentare lo spessore della fibra di carbonio per compensare la resistenza della balsa la non avrebbe aiutato ad alleggerire i foil?

[@sayitwithplaid]

Soon enough you will join Luna Rosa. Keep going.

[@EdoardoChisale]

Maybe😉

[@AlessandroRighi-ho2ub]

Bella presentazione della ormai giá discussa tesi, complimenti! Ora la mia domanda é scontata. Si potrebbe cambiare/modificare con delle nuove appendici in carbonio (o anche avvitate a metallo) sia la deriva che il timone di una convenzionale barca a vela per avere piú portanza, non per volare ma per "sollevare"/alleggerire leggermente la barca in navigazione ed ottimizzare le prestazioni? o a partire da una certa velocitá in su diminuire i consumi se la propulsione é a motore? Grazie e mi piacerebbe capire se si potesse studiare assieme un sistema del genere.

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie mille! Sì è possibile e viene fatto su più imbarcazioni. Stavo pensando di provare a fare qualcosa di simile, vediamo di riuscire a dedicare un po' di tempo!

[@TBBots]

Amazing video, I want to do something similar. Is your thesis public online anywhere and are the cad files with it? Thanks

[@EdoardoChisale]

thanks you! yes the thesis is online

[@vikketikv9486]

Where did you learn to do this

[@EdoardoChisale]

Just a mix of practice and time!

[@fasullamail]

7:55 Esattamente i miei stessi problemi ai primi tentativi di volo in windsurf...

[@Riverbero78]

Effettivamente vedendo quanto costa il kit "ufficiale" fatto dagli australiani, vale la pena farselo da soli! In bocca al lupo e buon vento. Ad una visione più attenta del video, noto che hai fatto delle modifiche all'albero molto interessanti: la vela non ha più la tipica tasca, quindi immagino ci siano dei garrocci e una drizza, ma soprattutto hai un fiocco con il mulinello per riavvolgerlo... BELLO! Puoi fornire qualche indicazione in più?

[@EdoardoChisale]

Hai colto tutte le modifiche!! Forse potrei fare un video anche su quelle, rendono la barca un po più pratica per alcuni aspetti, e il fiocco spinge tanto! Ai laseristi veri non farà tanto piacere ma ormai è diventata un Frankenstein questa barca

[@giuseppepalescandolo179]

Bel progetto, anche io avevo pensato di rendere il mio laser foil ma con un approccio diverso e 2 foils laterali per distribuire meglio il carico in sbandamento. Comunque credo che sia sbagliato l'angolo di attacco dell'ala, per questo non decolla. Con un foil a t puro come quello deve spostare il peso a poppa e poi portarlo progressivamente in neutro dopo il decollo

[@Giovanni.Tedeschini]

All of foil-sets that work has negative lift on the stabilizer. I think you are going towards a conceptual dead end if you have both foils pushing upwards.

[@matthewbaynham6286]

You also need rotational equalibrium. Personally I would suggest two seperate foils either side of the boat because it gives you better moments of force.

[@EdoardoChisale]

That would be the best option, I went first for a single foil just to not modify the original structure of the boat. A two c foil system would work better for sure... maybe I'll try in the future!

[@nolanwiggins5871]

What program are you using in the beginning of the video?

[@EdoardoChisale]

I'm usin Rhinoceros

[@OminousPinapple]

Possibly another foil shape would fair better, A "v" shaped one might help with self righting the craft?

[@mkat_551]

The water disturbance from the power boat engine is effecting your foil efficiency.

[@Alpaka_Lolo]

Wow. MIT grad here. Excellent work! Looking forward to the next video. Perhaps your invention can be brought to market!

[@fenui]

well it is already in the market. Two separate companies offer foils for Laser and other popular dinghies (Foilsz and Glide Free boats), both for $2000-4000 per kit. They could use the competition, though.

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks a lot! Yes there are some available options, I was trying to make it more affordable, and in the future I'll try to make a different design. Thanks again!

[@flrofmars7508]

Hi! Great job! Since you studied naval architecture, maybe you can answer a question I've always wondered. Why do all the fish in the world have the bulky/heavy part of their body at the front and boats do the exact opposite? Maybe because they don't have masts and sails? But motorboats? 🤪

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you! Nice question ahahah I think they work just more like submarines than sailboats, all their immersed volume is under water, so they need to distribute their buoyancy to have center of mass below center of buoyancy

[@Lux158]

Looks neat, but I wonder how would you have changed the design if you had no manufacturing limits? Organically shaped foils? (Humpbacks shaped foils, I didn’t remember how they were called) Or two L/T foils at the edge, rather than one singular t foil?! And the last question, where would I find your thesis? :)

[@EdoardoChisale]

Thanks you! well there are two mods I'd like to do... or add differential lift in the main foil (as plane aleirons) or as you said add two lateral foils.. if i can find some time I would like to make the project with the lateral foils, I think it would be much better!

[@francescobenfratello971]

Grande Edo! Ti posso chiedere che percorso di studi hai fatto? Mi piacerebbe intraprendere una strada simile

[@EdoardoChisale]

Grazie mille! Ho fatto una triennale in aerospaziale, poi in nautica e poi la magistrale sempre di nautica