This channel gets better by the day, This type of project went from hard to easy REAL FAST!
@johnfasching33875 жыл бұрын
Your heat sinking videos how and what can you tell me what you're using is it on an iPhone and adapter where can I get it thank you very much I saw you all the time whatever you need whatever I can do let us know thank you for showing us all the way it's very very appreciated manfishh@aol.com
@reginaldgage91625 жыл бұрын
Thank you for all the information I have been watching your channel almost 3 years now. Every time I watch I begin to understand a little more about evs or better pack build ups. Its been 2years of me looking for the perfect bike to build I will eventually buy one and source most things from you or sites you reccomend. I'm glad I didn't jump in it right away because it seems tech is coming up faster than finding a Hayabusa in my area at the right price. I started collecting old laptop batteries but with all the information you give which I greatly appreciate is becoming much easier. Mostly I'll come out with a better build. I thank you brother and speak many blessings on you.
@richpalmisano17405 жыл бұрын
Im impressed, was impressed before but this is what we were waiting to see. Start to finish build. Aeesome.
@Psi1055 жыл бұрын
Pro tip. The other end of that multi-color ribbon cable will have tiny bits of exposed wire on the end. Even when flush cut. You want to avoid having the end touching anything.
@ecospider55 жыл бұрын
I think heat shrink over the standoffs between boards might be a good idea. That way if you drop a tool or something you will not get a dead short across the standoff terminals.
@bryzabone5 жыл бұрын
Ecospider5 agreed! Massive design oversight...
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
Clumsy people should wear helmets everyday, but to suggest everyone use them is extreme. Sounds like you are accident prone, take the needed precautions to stay safe.
@jjjameson47122 жыл бұрын
@@jehugarcia that is too funny but even really careful people can sometimes slip up. :)
@photohotjock5 жыл бұрын
LOVE your channel love what your doing with recycling the battery's, so much that I just ordered 6 battery's for my vaping mod. thank you for the great way to save money, save the landfill, and support a small business. YOUR AWESOME
@nathanweibel49395 жыл бұрын
When are we going to see a complete video on how to build the pack and charge the pack form solar using the BMS?
@mrramz4244 жыл бұрын
Amen. I’m not an electrical engineer I’d like to build one and install it using plugged solar panels. But also would like to not burn my house down so I need step by step instructions from start to finish
@williamh.29823 жыл бұрын
@@mrramz424 same here Mr. Ramz. Great video but should go step by step on how to set up everything to run. So dummies like myself don't burn down anything... Come on man teach us...........
@allant54363 жыл бұрын
Your product is great and i've had a blast building my modules and testing them. They work great!!! I would also like to see more about your suggested wiring connections to inverter and solar setup's. Maybe also some suggestions on inverter charge setup (float and bulk charge), low and disconnect voltages etc. Thank you very much for the channel and hoping to see some of these video's
@Ken-gx4pr5 жыл бұрын
Are you going to make the led Indicator Pcb available?
@Nguyening_music5 жыл бұрын
Mr. Garcia! Could you make a video showing us how to charge these battery packs with solar panels? I am confused as to how to set up the parameters for the solar charger correctly. Thanks!
@mustache76755 жыл бұрын
I second this, more importantly the voltage i have to input into the BMS module, will 24v do?
@HolyShitAccess5 жыл бұрын
The BMS is doing balancing to each row of calls. To hook this up to a solar system all you need to do is follow a simple guide online and connect it to your charge controller. Connect battery to controller first then panels. Controller usually decides what battery voltage its at and should take it from there, if its a cheapo change its charge voltage cutoff and float for lithium standards and you guys should be golden.
@jimthvac1005 жыл бұрын
Could you please provide the model number of the tool you used to read the infrared heat. Would it be a good idea to use a smaller wattage Grid tie inverter so as to draw power from the battery bank at a lower amp draw?
@nickoblicko70465 жыл бұрын
Love you're work mate. I am from south Australia and we pay an average of 35 to 42 C per KWH. Stuff like this is life saving.
@deanauzzieevans6855 жыл бұрын
I'm in port Lincoln mate what part off this Australia you in
@bryzabone5 жыл бұрын
Nicko Blicko look into HBpowerwall channel, and AveRage Joe for better, more consistent, reliable good info. Pete’s a great guy too (for a QLD’er hehe)
@nickoblicko70465 жыл бұрын
@@deanauzzieevans685 Elizabeth, Adelaide.
@deanauzzieevans6855 жыл бұрын
@@nickoblicko7046 moved from john rice avenue to Lincoln five years ago hard to get a good supply of 18650 here
@nickoblicko70465 жыл бұрын
@@deanauzzieevans685 oh wow I'm just around the corner! Add me to your google I have a mate who does imports when I have the $$ going to make one of this guys systems. Small world!
@kornshadow0975 жыл бұрын
Power walls are OK but I wanna know how to make a ev or improve my hybrid. What can I use to make a new battery pack? Do I use this or the battery pack method with the bus bars and individual fuses and bms in a plastic holder?
@AyoolaBoyejo4 жыл бұрын
I love your channel, please is it possible to get this in 4s?
@randylenart96743 жыл бұрын
Really like this system you can replace any part of it if it goes bad nice job 👍
@jaysonhernandez67284 жыл бұрын
Where did you bought your voltage and current meter? Can you send the link? Thank you!
@GarethJones-dk9yp3 жыл бұрын
Great kit. How much current can you push down the ribbon cables? I take each core can only handel a couple hundred millamps?
@randijensen35185 жыл бұрын
Where can I get the state of charge board or is it in your kit?
@christothegreat15 жыл бұрын
Jehu, you should install a 13 kW solar electric panel array on your roof, build two or three DIY powerwalls with these pcb’s, so all your home and electric vehicle charging needs will be met, even during blackout and to avoid expensive peak power rates during high demand times of day?!
@jean-baptistep57095 жыл бұрын
Hi, do you have a purchase url for the led kit? 24:52 Do you have a purchase URL for the Monitor ? 26:04
@carymcdonald69855 жыл бұрын
Interesting 'stack.' The long Alodine stand-offs that are used as a 'buss' seems odd. Why? While Alodine is a 'protective' for aluminum, it's a chormate and remains HIGHLY resistant to electrical conduction. The threaded portions should be chemically 'de-plated,' if indeed that's a Alodine or Iridite coating.
@redandgoldfan38692 жыл бұрын
how do the temperature readings compare between soldered batteries, spot welded batteries and this design?
@austinmabry84625 жыл бұрын
Putting your BMS in the center makes sense, but why then did you put your connector that is going to be used to wire additional packs in parallel on the other end? Wouldn't it make sense to have it right there connected to the BMS as well?
@niclas.lindstrom5 жыл бұрын
Hi , your battery pack design is great. My only question is about your balancing, as you check the balance between the serial connected batteries on each board if I understand your construction correct. But isn't it the balance between the parallel connected batteries that is the most important? So that the number one cell on every board should match, then all number two and so on... Best regards, Niclas (from Sweden)
@ryancheesman4005 жыл бұрын
I s thinking the same thing. Seems like you would need balance across all, but that's probably a noob thought.
@maxsnts4 жыл бұрын
Since the indicator show the level of a column and not the level of a board, If you have a dead cell in one of the boards, how do you know what board it is?
@twogirlsandabird20955 жыл бұрын
Welcome to the future. Good job, Jehu.
@creativecityis5 жыл бұрын
I like your idea to use multiple BMS systems. As they love to break... However running them at 50amps if one has broken. Anyway I'm planning to use multiple BMS on the e-bike battery's I will build
@robertharker5 жыл бұрын
You can crimp the connector with a vice. Be gentle closing the vice and do not over tighten. When crimping a connector you feel a stiff resistance at first as the connector bites through the cable's plastic insulation. Then it becomes easy to finish the last 60% of the crimp. You do not need to give a final "tight" squeeze, it only damages the plastic.
@eliotmansfield5 жыл бұрын
Robert Harker Or even a piece of hardwood and hit it with a hammer if you are careful.
@tapuzak5 жыл бұрын
Anybody know the name of that crimping tool on amazon? I have had fairly bad luck with my vice, too slow. Or a link?
@stirlingfromla5 жыл бұрын
What I don't understand is why he hasn't incorporated heat management into the system (A fan to turn on to keep things cool If they get too warm… To maximize battery life)
@jknowledgenet27484 жыл бұрын
Hi jehu,idk if you'll see this bit I ordered a 100 cells off battery hookup the other day to start on a small powerwall.im thinking I gotta order another hundred and your 1.45 or75 kwh pcb kits. I forgot thes actual number but anyway it says it's for 175 cells. Can you advise me in exactly what I should order to have a good build when I'm finished. Do I only need the pcb kit or is there other things I need? That's really the question. Sorry I should know by now I been following awhile, I just don't want to screw it up bcuz I ain't got no cash to spare. Much love and God bless
@kamentabakov53025 жыл бұрын
What about charging this pack? Let's say if I want to charge it overnight on the cheaper rate and use it during the day. Then what kind of charger you recommend?
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
The subject of a future video
@ayalaamaury5 жыл бұрын
It would be easier to charge them all first?
@miniwarrior75 жыл бұрын
Discharge them all first. You want the lowest amount of energy in these things if you're going to screw something up. If you have them all fully charged that would be major problems if you happen to accidentally touch something you shouldn't or flip something backwards. Talking about giant Balls of Fire
@HolyShitAccess5 жыл бұрын
Just make sure you cycle them and figure out their capacity to pair them up better. Honestly i wouldn't worry about them being charged, just don't rush and make sure cells are the correct orientation and you should be fine. Plus you dont have to wait to charge the dang thing to see if its alive. To each their own, just take your time and you'll be fine.
@jjjameson47122 жыл бұрын
Hi Great video, has there been any updates to the kit in the last two years?
@brokepilot69695 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the great vids & ideas! One question I had was is that matching the cell voltage really that important? I believe those BMSs have balancing functions on their own and if it doesn't the user can balance it via one of those BattGO systems. I think the BMSs balance because on the last video when you were testing the BMSs overcharge protection, it was supposed to draw 0 but the reason it drew like 10w is probably because it was balance charging the other cells. I think this can make assembly and battery health monitoring much easier. Anyways. I think these projects are great! Please keep it up the world needs more of this :)
@davey2k125 жыл бұрын
Be better with battery internal resistance match
@michaelc26445 жыл бұрын
Quick question: On the battery module, what kind of metal is used to contact the pos 18650 anode and cathode? I am asking because I have read these types of modules typically use a relatively highly resistive metal that may be problematic to larger applications.
@lifestylechangesolar52514 жыл бұрын
Is the battery state of charge available now?
@DarrellHughes823 жыл бұрын
There is not a lot of info on these pcb systems..... Any info on the rainbow bms connector system ? Also the 7 line battery indicator board..... Does this show voltage on each of the paralell connected bms lines and do the bms lines paralell connect the cell banks ? Or is the battery indicator combining the reading for one cell from each board ??
@yxcvmk5 жыл бұрын
What's the deal with *internal resistance?* On the used cells with around 2700mAh, there seems to be a resistance difference between 14 and 112? - as seen around 5:00
@gmichie14 жыл бұрын
I'm using the IMAX B6 80W Clone to check / charge my batteries. The booklet included warns against charging batteries with a protection unit. Do the batteries you are using have these attached? I see the indention at the top.
@jjawads884 жыл бұрын
how long it was running until fully discharge and at how much watts was the load.
@hoihoi14565 жыл бұрын
Hi jehu, will you make the pcb files available? This way I would be able to modify and experiment and perhaps give some other usefull implementations for the boards.
@christianlefler52404 жыл бұрын
Great vids, bought some cells. Was wondering in all the builds you do...any issues with discharging cells while continually charging with solar charged?
@tfergusonjr4 жыл бұрын
Got it. Can I buy 1 Battery PCB kit. Before I go full speed and buy 25 I want to have 1 to use for testing, etc.?
@GregOnSummit Жыл бұрын
What is the meter thats tracking amps, volts , and watts when he hooked the inverter up?
@VisualizeLeaving5 жыл бұрын
This video, single handedly, will be responsible for the rising cost of reclaimed batteries
@thesmoothgoat5 жыл бұрын
Just hmu I get used 18650 laptop modules for way cheaper than anything can offer.
@mindyabiznarc5 жыл бұрын
It's like looking for old rusty coins on the beach when you can order pre-rolled never been circulated change from the comfort of your home. Reclaiming batteries should be like Folk Art it should understood but that's about all. No one wants old under/over cycled highly unpredictable cells everyone wants the new LG Panasonic Samsung cells. Why would you want recycle batteries when you can get 60+ Amp rated 21700/26650/3200P/32650 up to 10,000mah for $1-$13 each wholesale. Headway 10AH 100A cells are $15-$30 why are people dumpster diving for old batteries with a few dozen more cycles left in them... Maxwell 17v "SELF BALANCING" Super Capacitors modules which have over 1,000,000 cycles are $150 each from Mouser & Digikey and people loitering trash piles when it's trash for good reason seeing as It's trash compared to New(0 cycle) Lifepo4 batteries PCB balanced with Super Capacitors.
@VisualizeLeaving5 жыл бұрын
@@mindyabiznarc it sounds like a very small amount of money to you, but some people don't have that. I won't be dumpster diving, but I'm considering using batteryhookup.com for mine
@thesmoothgoat5 жыл бұрын
@@mindyabiznarc A 10,00mah battery for $1😒 F**K off you troll.
@greginfla_14 жыл бұрын
What is the savings between used/new?
@herbertwerner22875 жыл бұрын
Nice build Jehu. I like this video. Good that you check the temps everywhere.
@MaxGoddur4 жыл бұрын
How many cell and BMS boards do you need to assemble to end up with something like the Tesla PowerWall?
@bobsaturday42734 жыл бұрын
no star lock washer between stand offs ?
@francop26664 жыл бұрын
Can one of these be used to create a power bank? Need one to power my dash cam while in park. Don't want it to run off my car battery. If this can be used to make a power bank can it be with a solar panel to recharge as much as possible? Can you do a video showing us how to build it? Remind me where I can buy all needed parts.
@johns25904 жыл бұрын
How do you monitor the BMS? A computer? or what is the interface and how can I get alerts if some value is outside something I set?
@YourBroJo5 жыл бұрын
@jehugarcia I am a landscaper here in southern California. Certain cities are forcing my trade to switch to battery powered equipment. I all for it except, the lithium Ion battery packs are extremely expensive. Anyway you can make a video and help us out?
@williambanks7519 Жыл бұрын
Can you give a little more info on the ribbon cable and the connectors? I've about gone blind trying to count the individual wires...
@jehugarcia Жыл бұрын
16pin idc ribbon amzn.to/3CSIp62
@donvukovic74404 жыл бұрын
What is used to charge/re-charge these batteries ??
@timbateman57802 жыл бұрын
Hi, I have a really basic question. Does the number of wires in the ribbon cable need to match the number of batteries.
@narjolprado32235 жыл бұрын
Great video I like your videos let me ask you can I connect those Harbor Freight rechargeable drill batteries and make a powerwall out of that
@johnchr5 жыл бұрын
You should be able to, as long as you make sure that all of the batteries are relatively similar capacity as far as mah and voltage are concerned.
@simonac688.5 жыл бұрын
Thats batterie Art...just love it
@Riddhi420694 жыл бұрын
why the battery holders are not in 2 sides?
@infratuna5 жыл бұрын
How much is the total cost of these pack and how many Wh it has? Nice video!
@davey2k125 жыл бұрын
Wot ya mean ....u put battery in it ..be what ever you buy you legend 🤣🤣
@acidtalons4 жыл бұрын
If two units are wired in parallel to an 80 amp mppt solar charger should a xt90 connector be used instead of xt60?
@davegeorge70945 жыл бұрын
Unscrew the chrome fan guards and get more air! No mod. is needed. Leave two screws in, keeps the fan attached, no need to take back cover off.
@gzcwnk5 жыл бұрын
The chrome fan guard will have virtually no resistance / airflow impact.
@22BUCOI4 жыл бұрын
just a quick question. How you will Charge that?
@stevetrapp10955 жыл бұрын
Where is the link to the state of charge meter
@matthewjoliver5 жыл бұрын
Great work! Are you planning on making a "21700" kit?
@Go.el_Hadam5 жыл бұрын
This content is simply amazing, I am excited for future optimizations to your battery system. You have convinced me that I can do this myself. :') Thank you
@eclarkmx5 жыл бұрын
Hi Jehu, excellent video as always. I see that all your boards are designed to build 24V systems probably because that is what electric vehicles are working with. I'm trying to build the batteries and system for a Motorhome and are debating if to build it in 24v that would require me to use a 24v to 12v transformer or go directly to 12V. So the question would be if you have any of those boards to build 12v systems? A motorhome system is normally designed to have 100 amp hours but I'm trying to design something for 400amp hours for when I'm boondocking. Hope you can point me in the right direction.
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
kzbin.info/www/bejne/gaLCZqyej5mDaZI
@bennywijayaindo2 жыл бұрын
hi, thanks for the video, I already calculated if I want to build a 5kw powerwall, it seems the diy way is much more expensive than buying factory complete powerwall.
@JustHobbiesoke5 жыл бұрын
when you remove black and red cable at the bottom???
@SidebandSamurai5 жыл бұрын
Jehu. Very good video. Can you go more than 7s. Say I wanted to make a 48v pack?
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
2 in series = 48v
@JasonWho5 жыл бұрын
jehugarcia so connect the load side of another pack into the charge side of this pack, I believe
@SidebandSamurai5 жыл бұрын
@@JasonWho I don't know that is why I am asking.
@TexasSting0075 жыл бұрын
Can you surface mount these holders on both sides of the boards by bending the through hole pins?
@claudiuminciu5 жыл бұрын
I want to buy some cell packs from evwest but for europe they have no transport. Any ideea how can we purchase with delivery in Romania(Europe)
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
Not sure, they are working on all certification I think
@MoyaPsy5 жыл бұрын
Claudiu Minciu I have those cells from evwest for sale on eBay. What would you be willing to pay and how many do you need? I can send them within Europe.
@wloulittle5 жыл бұрын
Hi Jehu. I was ready to purchase some kits and the PayPal setup says you are out of stock on everything I tried. Looking to build a big system using Tesla's 2170 cells. I don't know if the board will accommodate this cell or not. What size fuse do you recommend for the 2170 configuration on the PCB. Thanks for any help... Lou
@Jase00015 жыл бұрын
Since heat is the killer of any electronic device. What about cooling the pack down with PC fans? Would this extend the life and charge of the pack?
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
1c peak = no heat
@johanv46682 жыл бұрын
can any one explain me. how there can be 1 , two or 3 bms boards parralel on that board. ? i am intrested to use bms in a parralel situation. does each bms have it''s own series of cells ?
@williamh.29823 жыл бұрын
These are for the made for 18650 cells.... Can the 32650 cells 3.2V 5000mah 15A (3C ) discharge 16 WH max charge 5A (1C ) 32mm wide by 70mm tall about. Fit into these modules ????
@williamh.29823 жыл бұрын
No the 32650 are bigger.. Do your research before posting questions .. Lol
@bryanwashington40825 жыл бұрын
This is a great video! I love it!
@matthewames91895 жыл бұрын
Can anyone describe how the bms and the state of charge work? 7 batteries per board and 16 panels total. The state of charge show seven 7 digit displays. So is the bms that are in series configured to charge/discharge battery 1 for cell 1 on the bms? Also the plug on the BMS setup so that if it drops below voltage it disconnects?
@exogator5 жыл бұрын
Why does your thermal camera click and freeze every few seconds?
@JustHobbiesoke5 жыл бұрын
hi jehu, short question why using 18650 than acid battry???
@thesmoothgoat5 жыл бұрын
What are u serious??? Lead acid batteries suck and are heavy asf. Lithium is the way to go bro.
@JustHobbiesoke5 жыл бұрын
@@thesmoothgoat but lithium battery is expensive, any information than this, i need reason for best value...
@thesmoothgoat5 жыл бұрын
@@JustHobbiesoke well welcome to the channel my friend. Here we all recycle old laptop batteries and repurpose them for our diy powerwall.. I too am very low budget, but I managed to build my own 400ah lithium battery thanks to jehu. I cant even imagine how much it would cost me to buy a 400ah lithium battery.
@JustHobbiesoke5 жыл бұрын
@@thesmoothgoat yes sure..it has alot of money...thanks for your idea...
@MaxGoddur4 жыл бұрын
What does the charging circuit look like for this setup?
@CajunGreenMan5 жыл бұрын
DIY Powerwall. Great idea! Keep up the great work!
@MePeterNicholls5 жыл бұрын
I’ve just come across your channel and I’m fascinated. I was thinking about a “portable” power pack unit that takes charge from a solar source and back up mains source, that outputs to a plug socket. I am in rented accommodation, so a grid tie would be too permanent and bulky, but a small unit that could say run living room entertainment system, couple lights, and adsl broadband box would shave a modest amount off my bill. How would this be achieved using your kit method say? (Btw uk.)
@dnetne55085 жыл бұрын
@Jehugarcia, so is this right: if you match every cell in like a 1000 cell module and all have the SAME internal resistance, would an BMS not be needed? The reason some batteries charge faster than others is because of their difference in internal resistance,correct?
@ericcaldwell35844 жыл бұрын
12:05 / 12:06 , 27:52 / 27:53 / 27:54 I really like that tune! Anybody know what it is? I couldn't find it listed in the video description at the time of this comment.
@jasongooden9175 жыл бұрын
How is the VW coming along
@syedsuhaibhussain3124 жыл бұрын
Bro I would purchase this battery pack from I need 48v with at least 20ahm or more?
@biomerl5 жыл бұрын
My main curiosity with this is the safety. How do I know that the batteries aren't going to explode or cause any issues due to over or under charging?
@nimalweerasinghe45765 жыл бұрын
How can i use same for nissan leaf old modules?
@JustHobbiesoke5 жыл бұрын
hi jehu, 1 s7 bms how many battery can handle it
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
50A
@annanmanpaul1013 жыл бұрын
do you sell these boards for 26650 batteries also
@jehugarcia3 жыл бұрын
Very soon I will, I’m finalizing my design now
@glenngoodale17095 жыл бұрын
Great info as usual. Thanks for keeping us up to date
@sajithudayanga91213 жыл бұрын
How many PCBs (7s double sided) need to build 6 kw power wall
@EvelOttos5 жыл бұрын
How many Amp hours did you get out of that setup from your test with the inverter?
@myname-pe2pe5 жыл бұрын
Would you be able to run one of your electric cars on these?
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
Probably, but not sure how the system would fare on vehicle vibrations
@joshcosta4235 жыл бұрын
You may be explaining this in a future video but I'm curious how someone would go about correctly sizing their battery setup and solar setup based on their bills from the utility?
@SidebandSamurai5 жыл бұрын
Pull a year's worth of bills. Add all the kw usage and divide by 12. This gives you your monthly KW usage. KW means Kilo watt or 1000 watts. Add 20% and that is how you size your battery pack. For Solar. Each panel is different. But you need the same number of panels that match what your average usage is. Add 20% so that you can charge your battery pack as well as be supplied by the panels. You must select a panel that has enough ampreage to add up to your monthly usage. You put pannels in series and parallel to get the desired voltage and current output. There is a lot of planning that goes into this. It is recommended your installation be permitted by your local city. Allot of math goes into planning. It's a lot like doing your taxes. You should have a basic knowledge of electricity and how ohms law works if you plan on doing this yourself.
@deffhaus5 жыл бұрын
How long did it take for the battery pack to drain at the continuous ~600-watt discharge?
@jehugarcia5 жыл бұрын
1.2kwh so just under 2 hours
@chadollinger66055 жыл бұрын
@@jehugarcia so how many power walls are needed for my house to power during the day, and charge at night? Also how do you charge them?
@Pysandjays5 жыл бұрын
Hi, how much does each of the 52Ah unit weight.. Thinking about playing with these for work research for vehicle battery replacement application. We currently use a smart battery that keep failing on us, rated at 24V 110aH @ 40lbs
@hajjiwan234 жыл бұрын
Jehugarcia how can you get me this kits am in Saudi Arabia
@TheWorcesters5 жыл бұрын
Can you use these PCB kits in combination with the SBMS units you spoke about in a previous video?
@bryanwashington40825 жыл бұрын
That is a great combo
@TheVasmi5 жыл бұрын
Are you selling the boards only?? Thanks
@diydan60455 жыл бұрын
What did you have as a load on the inverter?
@pepershots5 жыл бұрын
If I have 100 pss of battery’s in range 2200 to 1700 mah how should I put them into the holders. Higher capacity first ath the top and lower at the baton or opposites.?