Calcium Carbonate Mineral Formation, Dissolution, Structures, & Geological Significance | GEO GIRL

[@GEOGIRL]

BTW, at around 11:15 I meant to say "alternating layers of calcium to magnesium", not calcite to magnesium! Sorry, my mouth was clearly not in sync with my brain this day ;) Hope you guys enjoy the video and come back for the rest of this playlist! It's one that will involve a lot of geochemistry but to me it is super interesting! :D

[@spindoctor6385]

The corrections, even minor ones that do not really affect anything are important. Trust is a strange commodity for YT channel, you will always keep that trust as we know that you will not deliberately decieve or even let a mistake you notice go unaddressed. The touch of self depricating humour is something I appreciate too. In a crowded YT environment, you stand out for many reasons. I could list them but instead I will just say, I love your work. Thank you.

[@denmaroca2584]

"I meant to say "alternating layers of calcium to magnesium", not calcite to magnesium!" I think you meant to say 'calcite to manganese' in the second half of that sentence. Which is ironic! 😁

[@GEOGIRL]

@@spindoctor6385 Thank you so much! I am so glad that you appreciate my effort to correct my mistakes even if I don't catch them all :)

[@tedetienne7639]

Thanks! I've now been a channel member for one year, and I wanted to say THANK YOU SO MUCH for making such informative and interesting geoscience content and for being such a committed and charming teacher! Your videos are always fascinating, and I look forward to supporting this channel and your amazing work for a long time!

[@GEOGIRL]

Oh my gosh! What an amazing milestone, thank you so much for your amazing support this past year and I am sure years to come! It means so much, not just the monetary support, but all your amazing comments (not to mention letter writing as well lol), it really keeps me motivated! Thank you

[@KwanLowe]

Thanks!

[@GEOGIRL]

Wow, thanks so much! I am so glad you enjoyed the video :D

[@kokopelli314]

I spent many happy years of my youth on the Silurian Dolomite of the Bruce Penninsula. Hard and Grey from Magnesium, many caves and caverns along coasts and islands open to flat shoreline slabs, often littered with the fossil imprints of bivalves. The rock is old and hard and falls from 200ft to Georgian Bay, then another 500 ft to the cold blue depths.

[@NealDavis]

Great video, Geo Girl. Thank you. These days, I have more time on my hands than I should. I'm sure it will soon be obvious that I do not have a 'good' working knowledge of chemistry, but rather a few basics. I found your video while trying to learn what happens to the mineral chalk as it falls into the ocean around Dover, England. From time to time, large sections of the white cliffs collapse into the sea. I'm speculating that rainwater percolating through the ground must also be carrying calcium carbonate with it as it finds its way into the English Channel. Where does this process play in the Calcium cycle and how does it affect the pH of the sea in this part of the world?

[@mosquitobight]

Where I live we face many of our buildings, including my own house, with Tyndall stone. Millions of years ago brine shrimp burrowed in the carbonate mud, producing beautiful mottled patterns of dark gray dolomite in a light gray calcite matrix.

[@shadeen3604]

Thank you very much geo girl your presentation is excellent very is to understand this complex subject

[@buithach4084]

Been following u since forever. I graduated from UH w a BA in geology. I'm no longer in the field but i always find ur videos refreshing. Keep up the good work.

[@christianhunt7382]

And I AM interested in how life specifically produce calcium carbonate on thier own! Good stuff, GEOGIRL ROCKS!

[@legendre007]

In her explanations about rocks, Geo Girl's science is . . . well, _solid_ . 😊🪨

[@GEOGIRL]

Haha love this! Thank you so much ;)

[@canis2020]

Definitely has a good foundation as the bedrock of her videos!

[@do_gotcha]

I haven't gotten to watch you videos in a bit. It's awesome to see you getting so popular! I loved the video, as usual! Thanks for the refresher in information.

[@TrentSpriggs-n7c]

Excellent. I always look forward to your lectures.

[@samykentabli3226]

Best geology channel ever , even though I'm studying geology in french but ur channel really helped me a lot. Thank you

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you so much! I am so glad you have found my channel helpful even though it's not even in your language! haha that's amazing! ;D Best of luck!

[@donaldbrizzolara7720]

Just got back from the golf driving range where I’m trying to further perfect a consistent draw in my drives. First thing I had to do was to see what Rachel was presenting. Carbonates…most excellent!…and well done. I was wondering in the future if you might touch on siderite, ankerite, dolomite and calcite cementation and it’s effect on clastic and carbonate diagenesis. This might be too specific of a topic but at the same time an important one to those who explore for porous and permeable groundwater and hydrocarbon reservoirs.

[@A-K_Rambler]

Pocket Money....

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you so much! :)

[@PerzeusQuibal]

❤ hello Geo Girl I I've learned a lot all of 3:29 your Geology topics ,,I am Filipino Geologist too. Thank you .

[@k4x4map46]

liking the refresher geo-classes here!! thanks!!

[@k4x4map46]

good stuff! great refresher info!

[@Joe_exe_07]

Really informative video.... thankyou☺️🙌

[@GEOGIRL]

Of course, so glad you enjoyed it :D

[@Anuchan]

I love those Rachel interrupting Rachel moments. How deep can you nest those interrupts?

[@PraiseDog]

Editing Rachel, and what were the names the other later insertion Rachels from the past? I forget. But they all wear a hat, that makes identification easy.

[@tedetienne7639]

She should have a baseball cap that reads "EDITOR". That would really help out!

[@GEOGIRL]

@@tedetienne7639 Haha that's a brilliant idea lol!

[@LanceHall]

Gonna have to watch multiple times to absorb the chemistry. I collect fossils in north Texas and I see different types of preservation.

[@hjtmsgah4743]

🎉 we're waiting for this😊

[@paintedturtleendeavors-Jess]

Thank you, you have no idea how much I needed this! 🎉😊

[@GEOGIRL]

So glad to hear that! :D

[@LorenStClair]

Once again, Great Job, very clear

[@GEOGIRL]

Thanks! So glad you enjoyed it ;D

[@whatabouttheearth]

I can't even hang with this vid at my current level of knowledge of geology. I'm gonna have to repeatedly watch this at a later time. So this comment's just for the algorithm

[@francoislalague]

Great video! Very informative and interesting. Great job.

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you so much!

[@TheReubenShow]

Here in amazing Arizona, we have freshwater and saltwater-formed carbonates. The lakes formed by volcanism blocking valleys, or in closed lakes before they had drainage. The saltwater-originated carbonates formed before the Permian extinction, when the North American plate was taking a dunk. In the most red-rock parts of the state, on the Colorado plateau, white Kaibab limestone caps sit on Coconino sandstone, showing a transition from hard desert to ocean. It's really worth the trip out here. Even if one has seen the photos. cheers rb

[@GEOGIRL]

Cool! I am actually moving to arizona soon, so this is great to hear! ;D

[@theooidgirl]

Rachel 😊 awesome video! ... I'm a female geologist, too. Huzzah!💪👷‍♀️⚒️ ... and a carbonate nut; ooids are especially close to my heart (MS thesis). I'm really looking forward to your carbonate playlist, especially. Keep up the great work. I understand your passion for the science; im blessed to have had some awesome geological experiences along my path (both through work/profession and personal/life). Thank you for what you do. I've long thought of contributing geo vids to KZbin, along with other geo ventures I'm currently creating; perhaps, in the near future. For now, it's music and work that take my time, but... you are inspiring. And I look forward to new vids from you. 😊 Take care! ~Barb

[@amorejblh]

We are waiting for the continuation of this playlist's videos. Thank you for your effort.

[@SeekingBeautifulDesign]

Thank you for going deeper into the science used by enhanced rock weathering (human technique to reduce atmospheric CO2) with this carbonate formation and your previous silicate rock weathering videos. It seems that the rate limiting step in abiotic weathering is H20 + CO2 H+ + HC03- (assuming you have lots of CO2, water, surface area, transport of reaction products and appropriate rock and temperature). Most life on Earth uses carbonic anhydrase to catalyze this reaction and increases the rate by orders of magnitude. As we try to artificially draw down CO2, are there lessons to be learned from Earth's evolution on how rates of weathering have been increased when H20 + CO2 H+ + HC03- is the limiting factor?

[@GEOGIRL]

Oh wow, that is a brilliant idea and question! I actually never thought about that! I know that there's a lot of research looking into the protiens that catalyze important reactions that we would like the harness (nitrogenase for nitrogen fixation for example). I haven't ever seen any about carbonic anhydrase specifically but I am sure they are out there. Ok I just did a quick search and found this 2015 nature article about the effect of carbonic anhydrase on silicate weathering (doi.org/10.1038/srep07733 ), which does confirm that these enzymes can greatly enhance the rate of silicate weathering, and thus, could be of great use to us as we try to induce more chemical weathering of silicates to sequester carbon. However, I think to actually use such enzymes to help us increase weathering rates would currently require us to culture bacteria that have the enzymes and maintain their optimal activity (similar to what we do with bioleaching), but this can be extremely costly and might not be worth the impact if we tried it that way. I do know chemists that are trying to replicate the affects of life (sometimes by synthesizing structures similar to natural enzymes) and this may be a way that we can one day get around the need to use life itself for these things. Anyway, I will quit my rambling now, but what an interesting and thought provoking comment, thank you for this! I will be reading papers about this the rest of the night lol! ;)

[@gregoryhajek118]

I just have watched your video and found it very informative and satisfying, thank you.

[@rursus8354]

You are really a professional!

[@scottydu81]

Dolemite won’t cop out when there’s heat about! That’s DOLEMITE, baby!

[@patrickjernigan1062]

Still love your channel... so much so that I'm thinking of starting a "Cult of Sisyphus" in your honor. You shall of course be the goddess of this cult and we'll have invocations like "I too bare the rock my siblings" or "take up the bolder and follow Rachel to the Land of gentle hills." It sounds like you are a golfer so it's perfect. Thing is I'd probably be a really bad cultist and I only mini-golf so this may not work. Keep the great content coming.

[@VantageWelding]

Awesome channel. I searched for calcium carbonate and came across this channel. I work for a mining company and we’ve been having issues with the mineral. We ve been having some explosive reactions n our system.

[@ambidexag5357]

Magnificent! Thank you so much!!!

[@colinzed]

Ohhhhh now I get it, regarding how early life's CaCO parts form. So many animals chose this! What were the first ones that did this? Thanks for your videos I always have to go back to pick up more.

[@MeriemGUESSOUM-u1o]

Thank you for sharing this video. In your presentation, you mentioned that certain organisms can elevate pH levels. Could you provide more details about the types of organisms involved? Your insights could be valuable for my PhD research.

[@cavetroll666]

very interesting video :)

[@GEOGIRL]

Thanks! So glad you found it interesting ;D

[@UCESajalPatel]

Madame,you have my respects.

[@ChemEDan]

🐚This is Shelly the snail. Don't be shy say hi to Shelly

[@GEOGIRL]

Hello Shelly! :D

[@Gustavo-gf4ew]

While an increase in temperature and a decrease in pressure favor precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in the ocean, the increase in carbonic acid will favor dissolution but will increase Ca+ concentration, favoring precipitation, So the increase in CO2 in the atmosphere at the end will favor CO3 precipitation and would help marine life at it's lowest levels

[@ericbrown2336]

💧🪨🐚Cabonates!🐚🪨🫧 🎉🎉Yay !!! 🎉🎉 😊 Thank you for your carbonate video!!!

[@GEOGIRL]

Haha so glad that you are so excited about carbonates! I hope you enjoy this video and the rest of the playlist once it is out! ;D 🐚

[@Be_Harris]

Thank you so much for these videos!!! If you ask me, I think Manganses is a little jealous on Magnesium getting all the attention.

[@FlameofDemocracy]

About when did life evolve the ability to create such highly valuable micro-environments, analogous to A/C, i.e. films, hair, and as you so clearly described in your video? Fascinating.

[@GEOGIRL]

Oh what a great question! Based on what I've read, I would guess that life has been doing this almost since the very beginning; for example, microbial mats (like cyanobacterial mats that date back to over 3.5 billion years old) are microenvironments that bacterial communities create! :D I am not sure how long microbes existed on early Earth before they started living in communities like mats, but even before they started living in mats, they technically would've still been creating microenvironments in a sense because if we think about the way that all living cells gain energy (ATP) it is by altering the electrical charge surrounding the cell wall, and thus, as soon as microbes evolved they would've had this ability. So I guess the answer could be ever since life evolved, but it really depends on what you count as a microenvironment. If we get a little more strict on the definition of microenvironment here, we may say that it wasn't until they evolved to live in communities where they excreted EPS (mucus substances that can be concentrated in the nutrients the microbes need and immobilize certain toxic molecules) to create more favorable conditions. If we use this more strict definition, I am not sure when exactly this evolutionary step took place, but it was certainly before the first robust microbial mat fossils, so before ~3.5 billion years ago ;)

[@TrentSpriggs-n7c]

@@GEOGIRL Domo arigato. TY.

[@nicholasmaude6906]

So in regards to the Carbonate Compensation Depth, Rachael, the seawater below that depth is essentially high-pressure carbonic acid that will dissolve bones?

[@Psychologyfactshindii]

Mam, I have completed my bachelor degree with Geography. Can I become a scientist in geography in further study

[@GEOGIRL]

Absolutely you can! Do you know what kind of job you want to have? For example, would you like to do research or academia/teaching? If so, you will need to go to grad school for at least a masters, but likely a PhD. If you want to do something that is more applied than research or teaching, you can, but you still likely need a masters. What is the specific field within geography that you enjoyed most? And what kind of job do you see yourself doing in the future? That info can help me give more specific advice if you are interested :)

[@ravimistri1]

Very nice…i am geologist and if you wd be there when i was studied…i definately got more marks…

[@ishwarsingh4193]

Hi, thanx, one query, can you provide any idea or ref regarding the depth and time needed for sediments to form a sequence like limestone, dolomite and marl in short for diagensis particularly in shallow water regime. 😊

[@barbaradurfee645]

ok now I'm thinking about how huge H2O influx from ice sheet melting (maybe global ice cap melting eventually on geological scale) affect the carbonate dissolution/precipitation equation and how would sea level rise and inundation of weathered carbonates feed into the process.....etc. etc. etc. I'd be a bad modeler, too willing to go on tangents :) Do we have geological historical example of this? Must ask Rachel

[@DonFatherTrump]

I've got something that looks similar. Its white and purple about the size of a large fist.

[@DuaneEseo-ul1bg]

Is the calcium presence of living organisms such as snails more concentrated compared to rocks...

[@erikb3799]

The equilibrium of carbonate based on CO2 is presented in a weird way. CO2 is listed as a reactant, but the conclusion is that less reactant means more carbonate is formed. That's counter to most chemical equilibria. I think the reason is that pH is more important than CO2 concentration, so as CO2 becomes CO3(-2) it also turns 2 H+. I think the it's the correct conclusion to say less carbonate minerals follows higher atmospheric CO2, but it's because there are more acidic oceans, not because there's more dissolved CO2. I haven't read research papers about carbonate formation with fixed pH and varying CO2 levels. Do you have any to recommend?

[@PatGenn]

I want to create Calcium Carbonate "Tufas" for my grandson. I think I can do that by bubbling Co2 Gas though a solution of baking soda. Is that possible? Will I get a Tufa or just a blob? This is the process that created the Tufas of Mono Lake. I have been told this is the same process for the Collums of Crowly Lake. Although not CO2 gas bubbling up through the water, it was still able to produce these weak sandy columns. I do not have enough time to go through all of the research involved with Bryce Canyon, but it does seem possible to me that the Hoodoos were created in a similar fashion; Volcanic CO2 venting up through the alkali water or Calcium rich sand beds. Constructive comments please.

[@Flirtz420]

❤

[@youregonnaattackthem]

CAVES!

[@GEOGIRL]

I know right! ;D So excited!

[@tensortab8896]

Water chemistry is complicated.

[@thaq8.2]

Wasp second stage evolution is a backstop lense. 7:07

[@thaq8.2]

3:59 so you need to feild study serpentine at my beach.

[@Native2Earth]

Smart, interesting and extremely beautiful 🤩 If she ever says she’s vegan she would be my complete fantasy

[@ronjaurigue2673]

I think I speak for a good number of viewers to suggest that the visual slides be inset and Rachel be fullscreen the whole time. 😑☕️

[@GEOGIRL]

Haha I'll consider it ;)

[@johnvl6358]

😎

[@thaq8.2]

9:48 syx