Campi Flegrei Supervolcano Update; Largest Earthquake in 40+ Years

At a supervolcano in Italy, several million people just felt a fairly sizable earthquake which was volcanic in origin. This quake was volcanic in origin, originating at approximately 3 kilometers depth at the Campi Flegrei volcano. This occurred alongside hundreds of smaller earthquakes, making people wonder what the current status of this volcano is. This video explains what the latest activity means, why the earthquake was surprisingly damaging, and gives an opinion based analysis on if there is a high risk of a volcanic eruption soon occurring.
Thumbnail Photo Credit: This work "CampiFlegrei62", is a derivative of a photo (resized, cropped, image flipped horizontally (mirrored where left became right and right became left), text overlay, GeologyHub made graphics overlay (the GeologyHub logo and the image border)) from "Solfatara", by: Becks, littlemisspurps, 2014, Posted on Flickr, Flickr account link: www.flickr.com/photos/littlem..., Photo link: www.flickr.com/photos/littlem..., CC BY 2.0. "CampiFlegrei62" is used & licensed under CC BY 2.0 by / geologyhub
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Sources/Citations:
[1] INGVvulcani
[2] Kilburn, C.R.J., Carlino, S., Danesi, S. et al. Potential for rupture before eruption at Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy. Commun Earth Environ 4, 190 (2023). doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00..., CC BY 4.0.
[3] Afzali, Anoushiravan & Mortezaei, Alireza & Kheyroddin, Ali. (2017). Seismic Performance of High-Rise RC Shear Wall Buildings Subjected to Ground Motions with Various Frequency Contents. Civil Engineering Journal. 3. 568-584. 10.28991/cej-2017-00000113. CC BY 4.0.
[4] Amoruso, Antonella & Crescentini, Luca & D'Antonio, M. & Acocella, Valerio. (2017). Thermally-assisted Magma Emplacement Explains Restless Calderas. Scientific Reports. 7. 10.1038/s41598-017-08638-y., CC BY 4.0
[5] KZbin Creative Commons, "Visita al Vulcano Solfatara", By: Vito Simi de Burgis, • Visita al Vulcano Solf... , CC BY 3.0 license
[6] Giudicepietro Flora, Macedonio Giovanni, Martini Marcello, A Physical Model of Sill Expansion to Explain the Dynamics of Unrest at Calderas with Application to Campi Flegrei, Frontiers in Earth Science, Volume 5, 2017, www.frontiersin.org/articles/..., DOI: 10.3389/feart.2017.00054, ISSN: 2296-6463, CC BY 4.0.
[7] Amoruso, Antonella & Crescentini, Luca & D'Antonio, M. & Acocella, Valerio. (2017). Thermally-assisted Magma Emplacement Explains Restless Calderas. Scientific Reports. 7. 10.1038/s41598-017-08638-y., CC BY 4.0
[8] Di Vito, M., Acocella, V., Aiello, G. et al. Magma transfer at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) before the 1538 AD eruption. Sci Rep 6, 32245 (2016). doi.org/10.1038/srep32245, CC BY 4.0.
0:00 A Large Earthquake
0:26 Campi Flegrei Supervolcano
1:00 Seismic Resonance
3:08 Current Activity
4:11 Earthquake Origin

[@GeologyHub]

I must note that the reason I put "40+ years" is that I only have info going back to around 1983. When the largest earthquake to have originated before then from the Campi Flegrei volcano is unclear.

[@whiteknightcat]

You also described an event on May 20th but labeled the event on the video as May 5th.

[@patriceferguson7340]

Earthquakes around the volcano are not unusual. The mechanism of action that triggers an eruption of a super volcano is very much in question because we have never experienced it before in living human experience. But a combination of mechanisms of action such as the reservoir charges, gas over pressurizing and and G-5 magnetic storm super charging the planet’s global electric current. Plus lots of breathing and cracking further weakening the lid on that beast it’s only a matter of time before Emc2 wins out and nobody has time to calculate that as it won’t give you any warning ⚠️. Plus that area is within the L3-5 magnetic field belt strike zone for a major earthquake anywhere with the 45 parallel N or S of the equator. Too bad this volcanic field sits in that activated zone. The next two months will be very interesting to watch.

[@GeologyHub]

@@whiteknightcatoof, my bad. Meant may 20

[@tornadoclips2022]

@@patriceferguson7340don’t forget about the planetary alignments

[@scottzehrung4829]

This is the volcano that gets my attention when activity is mentioned. Too many unknowns even with all the monitoring.

[@bevinboulder5039]

The whole Campi Flegrei thing is very unsettling with the obvious large land deformations in the past indicated by the Roman era columns that have clearly been under water for extensive periods of their existence. Count me out to live anywhere near there.

[@patriceferguson7340]

If she blows up we are all in trouble no matter where we live.

[@kevelectric9184]

He mentions water lubrication. But I wonder how much water erosion occurs in various environments. We use water as a jet to cut through metal. Water going through a diesel injector is so abrasive it’ll destroy it. So what if the water expansion happens to start jetting more upwards? Would that make for a somewhat short fused eruption? Not that I think it’ll go in our lifetime but could be sooner than some predict. Though probably further out than most worry about.

[@piecaruso97]

Well as a local we were pretty scared, luckily no major damage in my district of Naples (and my building has even been reinforced in the last 2 years), but some buildings in Pozzuoli have been evacuated due to the damage they had and deemed unsuitable for usage, we even had a case of collapse of an abandoned building in Pozzuoli in the last few months.

[@SherryONeill]

Vesuvius Is Going To Explode Again May Be This Year,..

[@f2hw6]

You should get out of there it's been prophesied already that a huge volcano is going to erupt off the coast of Italy and now it's happening 😢 God warns his prophets you just have to listen.

[@user-pi4wj7bm4z]

I noticed your use of earthquake sims video. Very interesting addition to your analytic reporting. Thanks for the continued updates and continuity. Greg. 😅.😊.❤.

[@GeologyHub]

I have an agreement with earthquakesim since we both share the same goal of educating the public :)

[@iamarizonaball2642]

on a sidenote, im trying to use ai art to get a picture of what san francisco mountain looked like, being from arizona, im curious what that 16000ft monster would've looked like from flagstaff.

[@chrisl7839]

Thanks. I took a few courses in geology and geophysics at my university yet I learn from your videos all the time. Please, keep them coming!

[@MeanOlNana]

Thank you for your opinion. I appreciate the information you are able to give us without the ‘flippin’ scare tactics!!!

[@1Fracino]

Been waiting for your vid since I saw the news earlier this evening. Hope the situation doesn't get any worse.

[@SangSaner]

This is some fear mongering stuff here. However, if campi Flegrei Supervolcano were to continue producing more 4.0 or 4.4 again like 30-50 times or even a rare 5.0 quake in the next decade (2030), that could mean the magma chamber melt can liquify the crystals faster than other calderas combined and fill up to 90 cubic miles across underneath, beginning the rupture, and explode it's lid off like Tambora or cause mini eruption plumes around the caldera but still results a vei 7 scale. That what it will be seen if the Supervolcano can pull that off by 2030. Right now all this is extremely unlikely to see it happen right now or next year. We are at a Very, very slow process of magma build up that is now underway. The melt I believe inside the 3 chambers of campi are at around 25%-ish, not enough for eruption though. We will see what the future of Italy has to hold.

[@1Fracino]

@@SangSaner Respectfully, I saw a news report that said there had been 160 Earthquakes in a short space if time. That is all.

[@Spacemaaan]

@@1Fracino yes, in total. he meant if we have like 50 that are 4.0+ we could be in trouble. 160 earthquakes in a short span isnt cause for alarm. probably 75-90% arent even being felt cause they're so small

[@robertbate5790]

I have noticed similar headlines myself, here and about Yellowstone. I'm very sceptical of such views as they seldom if ever appear in regular news outlets. Also being a regular watcher of your channel I'm sure if such were happening you would be reporting it too. Thanks for your undramatic information. 👍👍👍👍👍🇬🇧

[@sebastianf.brodda4474]

Headlines are not supposed to give any information that could decrease attention. "Campi Flegrei not going to errupt anytime soon" can mostly be found somewhere hidden somewhere deep inside most articels. Unfortunatly many people try to get as many informations as possible as fast as possible. F-ing arround with the text under the headlines? Waste of time... 🤣

[@marystirrett7225]

I've been searching Italian news stations and European news stations and none of them were talking about this.

[@robertbate5790]

@@sebastianf.brodda4474 Agreed. Apparently has something to do with AI and ratings, the more ridiculous the higher the ratings. What does that say about AI I wonder 🤣🇬🇧

[@xwiick]

@@robertbate5790 This has been a issue for decades long before "AI" was a thing.

[@xwiick]

Thanks for all of your hard work man!

[@CTP1111]

that resonance data is super fascinating, never thought about this before

[@Stargazzer333]

Its like The WHO Covid virus twisted stories and bad data...IMO

[@Stargazzer333]

Information by Design!

[@AaronGeo]

Europe's Yellowstone...

[@Vesuviusisking]

Europe’s long valley caldera

[@LuisAldamiz]

Europe's Toba rather. Yellowstone has never exploded in the timeline of human existance but Toba and Campi Flegrei have, both with dramatic near-extinction consequences for the peoples living in a very large area around it: all the way to India in the case of Toba, which is larger but all the way to Ukraine in the case of Campi Flegrei, which was probably a major force in the extinction of Neanderthals... but also many cultures of our species that were already in Europe. Yellowstone would be larger but, as I said, it hasn't happened in any soft of human timeline.

[@jjMcCartan9686]

​@@LuisAldamizToba was bigger than any of yellow stones eruptions.

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@jjMcCartan9686 - AFAIK it wasn't. Yellowston seems to be the most potentially dangerous supervolcano on Earth.

[@jjMcCartan9686]

@@LuisAldamiz Toba was estimated as a vei 9 lol

[@Vesuviusisking]

Campi flegrei is underrated

[@jeremyblaine1866]

Very very underrated too many people keep watch on Yellowstone which is overrated.

[@SangSaner]

Yellowstone is having a great slumber. Let her wake up in the next 600,000 years as we all die first. 😂

[@SangSaner]

​@@jeremyblaine1866 Yellowstone is at normal green conditions still. We good.

[@RumoredAtmos]

Yellowstone vents it out, we're good.

[@AaronGeo]

​@@jeremyblaine1866 La Garita in the corner: 😈

[@tornadoclips2022]

Thanks for the update!!

[@TheSpaceEnthusiast-vl6wx]

Thanks as always! I hope everyone there is fine.

[@kelseyphillips5654]

I am not a volcanologist or any type of ologist, but I really like your videos. I am sure I am not the only one that digs these videos but has no real background on this stuff outside of old Maurice and Katia Krafft documentaries. Anyways, look forward to these daily posts. Keep it up. Oh btw it reads May 5th in the beginning though I think you mentioned this happened on the 20th.

[@markfulton4338]

Thank you for your videos, your explanations and graphic illustrations are brilliant. Always look forward to your updates.

[@robinguertin574]

Thank you for the report, GH.

[@davidsavage6227]

Your interpretation of this earthquake is interesting. Really liked this video. Great use of graphics and timing.

[@paigecarew5322]

As some others have commented, I’ve seen quite a few stories about campi erupting; but until you report on it I’m not too worried.

[@kennyhagan5781]

Thank you. I just learned something new, and that is why I watch these videos. A person who is not willing to learn is a person who will not survive.

[@kw3593]

Great update, thanks!

[@susiesue3141]

Thank you Sir for sharing! Very interesting as always.😊

[@pon2oon]

Thanks!

[@SteveH-Canada]

1) One of the biggest causes of local damage is for buildings built on wet muddy, such as fill near the ocean, building on old swamps around rivers, and old beaver ponds. The waves amplify like an echo chamber. This often leads to pancaking. 2) Another one is Liquifactoin, when the soil is wet sand, and shaking makes it act like a liquid as the sand particles are surrounded by water. Water usually comes out of ground as spouts or floods, (Christ Church NZ built on river sandbars.)-Tall buildings tilt.

[@evelyne7071]

Very informative regarding the effects on different building heights.

[@jameswilliamsgb]

Thank you for the informative details😃😃

[@dula4552]

Love you work!!! 🤩😎

[@amantedar123]

The earthquake was felt worse because it was at a shallow dept of 2 kms

[@steelraen]

In the beginning of your video you said may 20th, your yellow title says may 5th. Just noticed it, had to go back and play it with closed caption. Anyways I like your videos, keep up the good work!

[@donaldduck830]

brilliant explanation.

[@jenteale]

Thank you for your always excellent and timely content. From the Great Lakes of Michigan❤

[@catherinekenyon7555]

Thank you. I had learned about the concept of seismic resonance back in October. The science museum in Niigata, Japan has excellent displays explaining it, even with a language barrier.

[@G-force_GD]

It’s quite scary that this ticking timebomb is sitting right underneath Naples, although it probably won’t produce a major eruption for a loooooooong time.

[@aldito7586]

I wouldn't be to sure about that.

[@SangSaner]

Catcha on the flip side on 2030

[@lynn6799]

Let's hope you're right. But it looks bad at this time.

[@dustercat21]

Thank you for actually not making a clickbate video about this like Silki smh

[@unknown23hornet22]

Is the the common frequency (in hertz) of an earthquake tied to regions, rock types, or type events of an area?

[@Tirani2]

This is the best explanation of building resonance that I have seen in a while. Thank you. If it had been explained that clearly when I first learned about it, I would have understood it better then.

[@chimknee]

Thanks.

[@bingsballyhoo711]

That is really interestting about building height. Thanks for the report.

[@billotto602]

That area is packed tighter than a sardine can. If anything happens suddenly, the death toll is going to be biblical. God help them ! 🙏♥️🙏♥️🙏♥️

[@Mantolwen]

Thanks as always for the highly informative videos. I note that at the start of the video the audio says "May 20th" but the text says "May 5th". I assume 20th is the correct one?

[@ANTHONYBOOTH]

I remember when lived at Crete, - the quake back in 2006, - there was plenty of small plastering jobs after that one...

[@tthappyrock368]

The MMI measurement is new to me. Makes sense about the hertz level affecting the different structures like that. Last major quake at Campi Flegrei was also when I last had a geology class, lol!

[@marystirrett7225]

I checked several Italian news media and none of them are talking about this volcano. Lot of talk about car racing though.

[@arrionelton]

I really want to believe in your words that this volcano will not explode, but I have a feeling that this volcano may carry some kind of dangerous gift for us.

[@Dragrath1]

The risk of a phreatic eruption can not be dismissed as there was at least one documented fatality due to such an eruption in the few hundred years before the Monte Nuevo eruption. (Also the only eruption form this volcano with a VEI of less than 2 with the only VEI 2 eruption being a Lava dome formed in the aftermath of its only Holocene VEI 5 eruption. Pretty much every other of the 20 or more eruptions during the Holocene was a high VEI 3 or VEI 4 So yeah its a dangerous volcano. Notably from its lava chemistry its magmatic eruptions appear to have been driven by chemical mixing of two or more chemically distinct magmas. The volcano has 3 melt types trachyte phonolite and traces of deeper more mafic material mixing in during rejuvenation so the warning could be surprisingly small before a larger eruption.

[@guitaringjarmin]

I see what you're saying about general uplift rates and cycles, however, with each one swarm the ground is becoming weaker and weaker meaning reliance on the cycle is becoming less reliable. A very recent study shows magma at depth of just 4km, and that isn't really that far away, especially when these earthquakes are possibly creating openings with a weakened overlying rock layer. I hope we're long off an eruption but considering it has been 40 years of waking up and ground deformation, we could see the big one in our lifetimes therefore we must not let confirmation bias blind us. Anyway, I'm off down Tescos to stock up on cans of baked beans.

[@Dragrath1]

The main magma laccolith i.e. resurgent dome which has been growing extends up to 3.5 kilometers so its a bit above 4 kilometers though it should be noted that much of this domes net growth is horizontally as there seems to be a degree of obstruction blocking its advance upwards. the last eruption Monte Nuevo if I remember correctly from a a paper a few years back which used roman survey data to retrace the history of the volcano leading up to its 1538 eruption looks to have likely been a result of a sill from this main laccolith, which appears to have been growing for thousands of years through a complex network of intruding sills, extending out to and chemically mixing with a smaller existing evolved melt intrusion. That the main upper reservoir magma hasn't really risen in the nearly 500 intervening years suggests that the overlying rock is fairly impermeable which is consistent with observations and eruptive history of other large caldera complexes where eruptive activity usually occurs along the edges of the resurgent dome. Of course you are right we need to be careful with biases as while these volcanic systems take millennia to build up we have growing evidence that large VEI 5+ eruptions are usually the result of rapid chemical mobilization/reactions within the magmatic system where chemical mixing between two or more previously isolated melt bodies leads to convective crystal fractionalization and the release of large amounts of latent heat. This research particularly the study of eruptive products from Taupo and Yellowstone's last respective VEI 8 eruptions show that the timescale from quiescent to full fledged VEI 8 eruption is in the span of a few years or less with the timescale indicated for this mixing and or volcanic rejuvenation prior to the eruption ~640,000 years ago measured on the order of weeks to hours or days. At least that is the range when factoring in measurement uncertainties with an upper limit if I remember correctly being about 2 weeks of warning. The growing evidence from large explosive eruptions is that they all seem to involve this kind of mixing with the timescale of which that mixing occurred being such that more powerful and explosive the eruption the less time it took to go from a quiescent to full fledged explosive eruption. Or perhaps more accurately the causal relationship is that the more rapid the onset of such crystal fractionalization reactions can proceed the less opportunities there are to release the pressure through smaller eruptions or more passive mechanisms like hydrothermal vents or fumaroles. On the bright side such extreme events are thankfully very rare and based on the reconstructed timeline and number of mixing melt bodies likely involving some kind of a tectonic trigger and or disturbance at least in the case of Taupo. I also find these revelations somewhat amusing that the mechanisms involved in this kind of eruption do actually have a fair amount in common with those kid friendly baking soda volcanoes as it is a chemical reaction just one between two or more melt bodies rather than baking soda and vinegar etc.

[@sunnyone-ct4rp]

Yea that's exactly what l was thinking. Yea 40 years of activity nobody seems to be taking in to account.

[@yahushaismyshepherd1179]

That 10.4" uplift is sure concerning

[@jamesalias595]

While I don't think there is an imminent threat of an eruption, I expect more tremors and therefore they should support voluntary evacuation from the area. However, we can't ignore that sometime in the future, even possibly the near future there could be small scale eruptions from steam and gas that would be life threatening.

[@areareare9953]

My concern may not be for an imminent eruption - they had something very scary happen in the mi-80s that I remembered as a kid - but for any seeping gas that might poison people, or perhaps phreatic groundwater explosions of some kind. I remember reading that there was a specific crustal composition that was keeping the lid on that area, so it wouldn't behave like rock in Iceland etc. There was an attempt to drill to depth to see if there was a gas or magma build up, but I don't believe they were able to determine anything. My worry is there may be a steam event, and the resulting panic is what kills people, not the volcano.

[@frinoffrobis]

so frightening 🙏

[@P4hs]

In the '80s the ground was going up & down by 10 feet.

[@nnonotnow]

Now that you've weighed in, I know where this stands. Thanks for what you do

[@melodyszadkowski5256]

Very good report but oh my did you ever butcher the pronunciation of Pozzouli! 😁 I was stationed in Naples with the Navy and the two most mispronounced town names there are Pozzuoli and Bagnoli (that's Pots-WOL-ee and Ban-YO-Lee respectively.)

[@jakubstrumillo]

Magma under ground there is now around 4km under ground... its very very close to recent depth of earthquake. And data about that 4km is old from few years...

[@Dragrath1]

To be fair based on the use of Roman surveyor records the main direction which the Laccolith/resurgent dome has grown is horizontally with the Monte Nuevo eruption of 1538 likely originating due to one of the extending sills intruding into an existing chemically evolved melt pocket and or finding a weak point after being reinvigorated by an influx of a fresh shoshonitic melt(an alkaline variant of basaltic trachyandesite) For context Campi Flegrei appears to have 3 primary types of melts which react to power its eruptions, shoshonite(As I wasn't familiar with the magma type name its a potassium rich form of basaltic trachyandesite) phonolite and trachyte. Monte Neuvo for context erupted trachyphonolite a viscous alkaline rich magma so we aren't dealing with a low viscosity basaltic magma but a much more viscous explosive magma.

[@darryllandry9904]

I would suggest this may be due to the underlying rock becoming more brittle and hence more resonant.

[@outwest6338]

See Professor Roberto Scandone’s current research on the Unrest at Campi Flegrei. He is an Italian professor/researcher at the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology / INGV Vesuvius Observatory.

[@itslexiemosher]

Do you have a link for this by chance? I’d love to check it out.

[@paulmicks7097]

Thank you for your updates and analysis. Mt. Fuji is in the news , could you explain it's history and future ?

[@kevinjones4559]

Campi Flegrei pyroclastic deposits from 35k BC found 100km away and on the far side of the Sorrento peninsula.

[@lizstratton9689]

Does rising sea levels effect modelling?

[@Kihsiimawa]

What about the increase in temperature at the fumaroles?

[@francescofilippi2824]

Thankfully you are bringing some reason to the catastrophism of some channels

[@bonnie7684]

2 meters a year?! Wouldn’t that topple most structures? Or am I misunderstanding?

[@WWZenaDo]

Live next to? Or on top of?

[@Wesmancan]

Flares didn’t shake much up yet. Yet.

[@wyatthale3861]

It sounds like seismologists need revise their scales to include seismic resonance for building damage.

[@davidmayhew8083]

Of course its always best to run outside to avoid falling objects....jeees

[@Grenetpr]

Still, the magma chambers are under the sea. Should a huge waterflow accur into those chambers it will be devastating

[@littlewren5775]

Constant small quakes. I have twin who lives with family there. Stay safe and go with your gut.keep from falling debris.

[@Brittoezz]

Question. About 61 years ago there was an 7.0 eq. in Campi Flegrei. Bevore that about 60+ years about every two years or twice a year a 7.0 eq took place. Is there a possibility that such a time will repeat❓Hope it’s clear. English is not my native language.

[@Brittoezz]

Sorry, I ment not ín Campi Flegrei but in Italy.

[@anonyymi3846]

Warning frequency absolutely !

[@hagannelson2426]

What makes you think this wasn’t a volcanic quake instead a heated water pressure quake?

[@kskssxoxskskss2189]

It amazes me that people in high risk zones tolerate building practices that put their lives in danger. Alas, too many have no power over such things.

[@CowHorace]

Question, is this a volcano in the volcano or the big one?

[@ozne_2358]

I was in Naples but didn't feel the main one. Felt one aftershock. Just. They were very very short. In 1983 I remember much much longer and unpleasant tremors.

[@itslexiemosher]

You’re in Naples right now?! I’m in the US and I found an article that says there’s 500,000 people being evacuated out of that area in the next 3 days. My family and I (about 25 of us) have been planning to fly into there June 5th. After hearing all about this, we’re heavily thinking of reconsidering! Are things getting pretty scary and serious there? Are people freaking out and leaving? From this side of the world watching, I’m so concerned for all the people there and have been praying for everyone. For safety, patience and wisdom!!!

[@DailySwannyZ]

​@@itslexiemosherI rlly don't know I am from there too but the earth quackes keep happening even today..

[@itslexiemosher]

@@DailySwannyZ wow. I’m sorry to hear that. Are you thinking of evacuating??? Are people leaving the cities?

[@DailySwannyZ]

@@itslexiemosher I am not gonna evacuate bc I live quite far but I felt the earth quacks but the people live might will if it keeps continuing

[@itslexiemosher]

Are you still in Naples??? Are people evacuating??? @ozone_2358

[@xXNxLixeXx]

If geologyhub never existed on KZbin I'm for sure people would spread misinformation

[@MickeyFlipper]

They’re still doing it. And I’m stunned

[@xXNxLixeXx]

@@MickeyFlipper It wouldn't surprise me if it's people on Twitter spreading misinformation

[@ThatOpalGuy]

Bottom line, no one can really say for certain.

[@jarheadweb]

To think I forgot about this...there goes my travel to Italy next year....lol

[@Jes008]

Predicted in 1948 by Billy Meier and the Plejarens: 223. But also in the south of Europe, the all-transforming consequences will be enormous when the volcanoes of Mount Etna, Vesuvius and Stromboli as well as the submarine largest active volcano of Europe, Mount Marsili off the coast of Italy, together with about two dozen further submarine volcanoes in the Mediterranean, begin to erupt. 224. Also the caldera, that is to say, the super volcano, Phlegraean Fields in Italy, is already making itself more and more noticeable in order to tear open the Earth in the distant future. 225. In Italy and Sicily alone there are 24 dangerous mainland, island and submarine volcanoes, three of which are caldera areas, which will cause much terribleness in the more distant coming times. 226. The fact that by far the most active volcanoes are submarine and are extremely active is not yet known by the Earth humanity in general because these largely unknown underwater volcanoes*, which are upon the Earth in their hundreds of thousands, never break through the surface of the water. 227. A whole ring of such underwater volcanoes lies on the peaks of the longest mountain chain in the world - the Middle Ocean Ridge - which however is still today not known to the Earth humanity.

[@AmsterdamHeavy]

Heres to rooting for natural processes.

[@OuterGalaxyLounge]

Under your house.

[@AmsterdamHeavy]

@@OuterGalaxyLounge I live in a very old geology that is especially stable and thousands of miles from the nearest volcanic activity. So, no, not under my house.

[@EdwardM919]

Oh boy, does anyone have super volcano on their bingo card? This could be your time to shine.

[@Dranzerk8908]

The 4.4 was located in the water little off the land. Not sure when showing it on land as quakesites show it in water. Not that makes a big difference, still close to the land but just saying.

[@majirayne1063]

I think the eruption will be between ischia and pozzoli and water depth will make it worse for earth climate. But i am a disaster speculator not a geologist. ( A mensa team helping FEMA and states counties)

[@trippybruh1592]

Am I gonna have to eat my dog if the worse case scenario happens?

[@sigisoltau6073]

​@@majirayne1063That depends on the size of the eruption. We don't know how large any future eruption in the area will be. We know how large previous eruptions were. But will the next eruption be as large, larger, or smaller?

[@Dragrath1]

@@majirayne1063 I feel I should note that the island Ischia is a different volcano particularly it's another somewhat older caldera complex which is largely submarine except for the island which is the top of a resurgent dome. It last erupted in 1308 but last I checked it has still been in a deflationary trend after its 1308 eruption. There is a larger volcanic zone near and around the Naples area which are primarily submarine outside of Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius so a submarine eruption site is not unlikely though Ischia Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius are the big ones in the area. Anyways given the observed behavior of large caldera complexes with active resurgent domes we should expect Campi Flegrei's next eruption to occur along the edge of the expanding Resurgent dome which outside of minor inflation and or deflation episodes appears to have been growing for at least several thousand years if not longer. The Monte Nuevo eruption which was a typical smaller end eruption from this complex based on Holocene activity was the result of an expanding sill intrusion finding a weak point and breaking out of the larger growing sill complex. This leaves a fairly good chance that such an eruption will occur within the bay of Naples. With 3 exceptions all of Campi Flegrei's 20 or so Holocene eruptions identified fall within the VEI3 to 4 range with the 3 exceptions being a documented Medieval phreatic eruption VEI 1, a large VEI 5 eruption and a VEI 2 lava dome soonish after the aforementioned VEI 5

[@dawnboden6456]

They had another aftershock today😢

[@DailySwannyZ]

Ye I was sleeping but I felt the one on Sunday I couldn't even sleep tbh

[@torri2320]

naples earthquake today?

[@leemccabemccabe5627]

2024 🙏

[@thomasnine2595]

Please say where in the world this is

[@TT-ys9ub]

Naples, Italy

[@J.G.H.]

Is Campi Flegri even a supervolcano? I thought it's largest eruptions were VEI-7?

[@bleachisrad]

People misinterpret what a super volcano is. It's a term used for media to get peoples attention. But basically, any volcanic eruption that is VEi 7 and above is considered a "super eruption"

[@timberry1135]

@@bleachisrad No. The accepted criteria for a supervolcano is a VEI 8 eruption producing at least 1000km3 of ejecta. Campi Flegrie is nowhere near this size. Its biggest eruption so far has produced a maximum of 500km3 of ejecta but even that is thought to be a very high estimate with 300km3 being the most common estimate. While that would be catastrophic for Italy and parts of Europe, its nothing like the scale of a true supereruption.

[@bleachisrad]

@timberry1135 thanks for the clarification!

[@bhavesh32]

Is the magma @ 3/4 km depth? In pozzulo area? Is this a fact from the volcanologist? Apparently that's the narrative from sources.

[@michaeldeierhoi4096]

The magma is at more like 4 km depth.

[@bhavesh32]

@@michaeldeierhoi4096 shallow zone?

[@Dragrath1]

The main laccolith responsible for the resurgent dome is at about 3.5 km at the closest to the surface though there is some unconfirmed evidence that smaller evolved melt bodies of phonolite and or trachyte melts may be present and or accumulating as close as between 2 and 3 kilometers of depth. I should note that based on the use of Roman surveyor records the resurgent dome has been fairly consistent in height over the last millennia aside from relatively minor inflationary and deflationary tends with the main activity being the extension of the resurgent dome outwards through the outwards intrusion of exploratory sills. The Monte Nuevo eruption of 1538 only seems to have involved one such exploratory sill finding a weak point and breaking upwards to the surface along the edge of the resurgent dome. This based on igneous petrology seems to have precipitated after a deeper shoshonite melt body mixed with the upper primarily trachyte magma sill/ laccolith which reenergized the system sending out the sill which would eventually erupt with an intermediate magma composition of trachyphonolite. Source article used: earth-planets-space.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40623-023-01765-z And if you are like me and wondering what the hell are all these weird magma compositions. shoshonite: An abnormally potassium rich basaltic trachyandesite which following the hybrid magma chemistry rules it seems that basically means it is intermediate between basalt trachyte and andesite with the addition of elevated potassium. trachyte: The high alkaline counterpart to dacite with 60 to 65% silica. High alkaline it seems generally means lots of alkaline elements like potassium and sodium compared to more typical magmas. phonolite: a form of trachyte abnormally rich in Sodium and Potassium oxides replacing much of the typical quartz content. Based on the TAS diagram it appears to have a range in silica content that overlaps with low end silica content basaltic andesite to high end silica content. Not sure exactly what makes trachyphonolite different from phonolite, presumably if it follows the typical hybrid melt naming rules it would mean it is intermediate between typical trachyte and typical phonolite. This suggests a rock high in potassium sodium and a silica content of at least 50% likely closer to ~60% but I haven't found anything to verify this assessment. Either way alkaline melts tend to be gas rich and with high silica like this you can expect any eruption to be highly explosive unless it is already gas depleted.

[@tdw5933]

Daily science fix,thanks

[@THESPATHARIOS]

Thanks Napoleon

[@fabiogabrielescobardossant3734]

If it continues like this, staff will have to monitor it 24 hours a day, in an imminent case. Evacuate personnel. I believe that the event of 1537-1538 will not happen.

[@Aashka_The_Mystic]

😮

[@monnoo8221]

tet onsceen shows may5th... sth was crossing you mind since 20/4 is 5 ;)

[@shaheerjamal3305]

That’s bad

[@christianbuczko1481]

Im not expecting a big eruption but think a small one is possible. I believe its erupted a few times in the last couple of thousand years so suspect similar.

[@be7986]

Pope mio ...

[@danduzenski3597]

Not a good time to be mining there. Would like to have video footage and other data. Tough ask.

[@user-sq9dv7ru7v]

Sad, there will be no more Neapolitan Pizza.

[@MirokuLovesMetallica]

I'm gonna be real honest. I would just choose not to live there. Also, I feel there's a possibility that the ground uplift doesn't have to be that extreme before an eruption. Call me crazy, but it seems to me that this could be a slow build up that never becomes a fast one before it erupts again. I'm' not an expert and that's just my opinion, but I'm sticking to it. Why? Because I don't play with volcanoes and I'd scarcely want to live on top of one, but if I did, I'd damn sure not still be there with all of this going on. Seems to me that the risk is not worth the reward.

[@pulsebass9055]

Staying here in pozzuoli is not the risk any 1 wants but sometimes necessity or situation makes us to stay there, even though is scary its beautiful to stay here and see scenery every freakin single day

[@marinaharmon5775]

​@pulsebass9055 Brandon from last days was shown a very bad volcano from the coast in the ocean wil erupt in the future. Not good for the planet. Stay safe.

[@littlewren5775]

Other part in ocean.

[@paulcoverdale8312]

And it was under the island of Pozia where the crust is thinner than land!!! Keep lookin out in the bay! Far more important than anyone’s saying!!🙏🙏👍👍🇬🇧🇬🇧🌋🌋🌋

[@jacobvoracek2349]

Should I be worried about this volcano “if” it does erupt? I live in the USA.

[@antondichtl6557]

No.

[@jacobvoracek2349]

@@antondichtl6557 Where is this volcano located?

[@xwiick]

@@jacobvoracek2349 Naples, google is faster then asking here tho