Can You Turn Wildflowers into Rubber?

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Exploring a process first laid out by Thomas Edison, I see if I can collect the wildflower Goldenrod and extract enough latex from it to produce a rubber ball.
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[@PlantBoy1129]

“Mel chemistry: fun, safe, and easy projects for kids” *makes literal rocket fuel*

[@TheDrakanMaster124]

I know right they said that in the 60s except they had a bunch of radioactive stuff in them

[@storminmormin14]

Basically anything can be rocket fuel.

[@trofaznimotor901]

@@storminmormin14 well,if you can provide oxygen,yes

[@polmccartknee3792]

y e s

[@Cocoabean767]

They said it was for kids but then I saw the fire and I was like why did the kid get hurt with that and for them to think it’s an activity that you let your kids do whenever they’re bored!

[@andresbena2013]

Everyone talking about the calcium nitrate, but what about the guy in a cccp t-shirt?

[@modernteenageinvestor]

Andrés Guerrero Cid exactly

[@HouseBricksDoor187]

He is the comrade who helped communism take over a capitalist school

[@xCHEESEandHAMx]

It is pretty hilarious, support a company that makes a load of money by buying a shirt that is cheaply priced because of capitalism and a market based economy

[@discordmarauder]

There’s the commie, where’s the Bommie?

[@EternalDeath14]

Very strange how we as Americans are okay with seeing that as an average, to me it's as jarring as seeing some dude wearing a 3rd Reich shirt. Maybe more so, the death toll behind the CCCP is astronomical compared to the 3rd Reich.

[@benediktpeter821]

Hey Andy, can't you now make a steam engine? you now have the possibility of properly sealing a pipe, you have metals and coal should be easy too.

[@oscarapplegate4313]

great idea!

[@ryanstrom4484]

"should be easy" is usually the tell tale sign that it won't be easy to do. Great idea but most of what he has done is easier said than done.

[@wanderstuff8082]

It would be fun. I would love to see this, and after he has steam engines figured out, he can start to make some really advanced stuff

[@jono3952]

He might be able to make a steam turbine engine, but a piston would require much finer metals and machines than he's produced thus far.

[@QuantumFluxable]

@@jono3952 well he's always been using modern tools for these, so from the machining point of view it would be possible. he certainly could make one of those old spinning ball type steam engines, those should be fairly easy. Doesn't have to be a ball in shape, and also no risk of having it explode.

[@darenramcharan8322]

Can we all take a moment to thank "Fart Gas" for his suggestion 😌

[@Nirrrina]

I had to replay that fart because I thought I just have heard wrong. Then I sat here laughing at it. Isn't methane a cows fart gas?

[@darenramcharan8322]

@@Nirrrina indeed it is

[@superturkeylegs]

Yo big ups to my man Fart Gas

[@cvspvr]

​@@superturkeylegsbig ups liquid richard

[@superturkeylegs]

@@cvspvr a fellow man of culture

[@andynest8890]

try using milkweed as it grows abundantly and has many other cool uses besides latex extraction

[@brandonhenry9846]

goldenrod has other uses to it is a great immune booster to. I drink it in the fall time to help keep me from getting sick.

[@jerrywhidby.]

@@brandonhenry9846 isn't it used as a natural yellow dye too.

[@brandonhenry9846]

@@jerrywhidby. yes

[@LENZ5369]

@@brandonhenry9846 Milkweed is poisonous to mammals. Believing in 'Alternative medicine' BS (and harming your own health) is one thing but misleading others into doing the same....the messed up thing is that even you killed somebody -worst that could happen; is that you get sued (if they can find you).

[@brandonhenry9846]

@@LENZ5369 I never said a thing about milkweed I was talking about goldenrod.

[@bruh-qf8qt]

when the apocolypse comes andy is the only one who can make everything

[@scottwales5966]

Next episode: condoms

[@Whatareevenbirds]

this is the plot of Doctor Stone LMAOO

[@SohiTheTinyKittenHuman]

Heh I think it Is the apocalypse

[@MrTarfu]

Has he ever had anything actually turn out well though?

[@adriangjonca680]

@@Whatareevenbirds irl senku

[@Mr.Bunyip]

I wouldn't compare it to high bounce balls. To me it looks like what you made would be more comparable to a squash ball, and quite a good effort too.

[@brandonhenry9846]

Yeah i could dig some resin out of one of my pipes roll it into a ball and it would bounce higher than that.

[@user255]

Yeah, because they are made of different materials. Latex vs synthetic rubber.

[@xibzz3907]

@@brandonhenry9846 What do you mean? What pipes are you taking about?

[@dirtpounder]

@@xibzz3907 gee I wonder

[@rowanbcapr]

@@user255 to give it a rubber band stretch you need to add sulfur

[@Gehargen2]

Now all that's missing is a solvents video. Toluene, Acetone, Isopropyl alcohol, and so on. Take us down this chain, Andy, rubber is important.

[@Andrew-pd6ey]

I think you could buy vinegar from the shop (the clear kind) and use and gentle heating to force the rubber to coagulate out

[@BobMarley-vl5gl]

People walking dog : nice field with long grass This channel : a field of bouncy balls

[@air8536]

NO ONE FRIGGIN LIKE THIS

[@jmw4200]

This series is awesome at showing how far human civilization has come technologically and socially. Makes you really think about what the world would be like if we had to make things we need or want our selves. Imagine if we didn't have access to such established information sources, let alone stores to buy things instead of making them from scratch, as originally done in history. Always entertaining and educational!!

[@wooof.]

I always appreciate your effort in your videos from the content, in depth information, editing and how it's free for curious minds to discover

[@nightshadekelly]

"Useful" * proceeds to show photo of a rubber duck* lol

[@alwinpriven2400]

as a programmer, they are very useful. I have 3 on my desk just in case.

[@johntheredeemer]

For dissenting opinions as you explain?

[@EdwardTriesToScience]

**Q U A C K**

[@bartoudevoshaar4361]

6:40 "The last thing you would wanna find in your burger, is foot lettuce"

[@scronch_]

*The last thing you want in your Burger King burger is someone's foot fungus

[@andyfog7444]

Bart Oude Voshaar lmao i was gonna comment the same thing

[@bartoudevoshaar4361]

@@andyfog7444 lol

[@tron.6041]

Not someone’s but somebody’s

[@dawsonherrin2272]

the scronch but that may be what you get

[@Toon444]

Next vid: Can you build a hydrogen bomb from food scraps?

[@SapioiT]

Well, it depends what you define as scraps. Though you can actually build a steam engine and a stirling engine using just terracotta and wood. Though would likely also want to use rope and resin, the resin for reducing a resin-ash or resin-dirt mix into something like a hard plastic, for getting a tighter fitting piston, if you use an alcohol substance in a closed-cycle steam engine.

[@Toon444]

Sapioit idk if youre being serious or not but if you are: r/wooooosh If you arent then slap my ass and call me a hillbilly

[@EdwardTriesToScience]

Yes, letting the food scraps rot, they release some hydrogen, and isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium [the one we are after] and tritium) which you can burn to create water (and tiny amounts of deuterium and tritium oxide) and from the water, you can use a double boiler, to drive the water out, but the deuterium oxide and tritium oxide stays behind, do this 100s of times and react the left over heavy water (deuterium oxide) with lithium metal creating lithium deuterate, which is the main component in H bombs. Or depending on if it qualifies as a hydrogen bomb, keep the hydrogen in a container and light it which causes a explosion.

[@tuckerfolsom7407]

Great video - you should try repeating the vulcanization with zinc oxide (ZnO) to improve the degree of polymerization (decrease the 'stickiness' of the rubber). Not sure if you've sourced ZnO before, but it might be present in some metal ore samples you've collected. Using simple catalysts in the form of metal oxides should help improve your success (and yields) with future chemistry projects. Great job on this and keep up the good work.

[@pattheplanter]

ZnO can be sourced in cheap, pure bulk from cosmetic ingredient suppliers as it is used in ointments and sunscreens.

[@tawe7498]

@@pattheplanter He has to make it from scratch tho

[@pattheplanter]

@@tawe7498 Did he make the acetone and toluene in this video from scratch?

[@ihateyankees3655]

I wonder if you could selectively breed goldenrod to produce higher yields of rubber.

[@Ziemniaczek]

yes you can but it's a lot of effort

[@ihateyankees3655]

@@Ziemniaczek a lot of effort compared to selectively breeding other plants?

[@matthewbatchelor3547]

Andrew Lipscomb it is no harder than selectively breeding animals; selective breeding depends on a few things; then tendency for a gene to mutate which can be influenced e.g. necessity to evolve, the plants lifecycle and lastly you ability to read the genes that give higher yields. It should be easier than animals as plants you can more easily clone and can also graft

[@jimandaubz]

@@ihateyankees3655 compared to other plants? Its a new plant every year. Its as easy as breeding peas, so 50 years if your breeding without a greenhouse or modern scientific help, ~ 25 or less years with modern methods and a green house

[@zest6542]

its hard to determine what would have a higher yeild of rubber compared to other plants. If you wanted to do it best you would use genome engineering but you'd need to know the gene that expresses rubber production. Its not like the peas where you can visibly see bigger or smaller peas since the rubber comes from its sap.

[@duckguide4109]

Please do something with bamboo!!! Bamboo does grow in Minnesota and other northern states! Some types can even grow in Canada!

[@cluelessbushcraft]

I live in minnesota! I'd love to try to do something with bamboo. Where exactly would i be able to locate some bamboo?

[@glennkrieger]

@@cluelessbushcraft It grows wild here in Michigan. It's not the same species as the classical bamboo we're most familiar with in the tropics. It grow more like a bushy tree and typically not more that 4-5 feet tall. Its stems are hollow though and trunk looks like bamboo.

[@duckguide4109]

Glenn Krieger Are you able make a short video on your channel so I can try to identify it?

[@onebossinova7650]

Usually I love your videos because you make everything from scratch, but this time you're using chemicals without showing how to make them first! I am doing a big study of how to make things without having to buy them first and would love to know how to make natural rubber without having to buy the chemicals.

[@istafaqureshi6454]

Next video: Making Crocs from scratch rubber I made earlier. Video after that: I'm a failure at life.

[@wojomojo]

I mean this as a compliment: So good to see you try doing complex things and getting amateurish results. Novices taking their first try at a new thing rarely end up with good results, and yet that's what most KZbin videos would have you believe! Perfection requires practice and that's ok, it's all part of the learning process.

[@aaronspacee]

you can add some elasticisers to the rubber along with Zinc Oxide to get a better bounce

[@phookadude]

I believe in order to make good rubber you need to vulcanize it in a sealed mold tough enough to withstand the pressure produced by the heating and chemical changes. Something literally clamped together and strong enough to resist deformation, with no vent holes.

[@aeiou144]

Awesome video! Calcium nitrate is most commonly used in fertilizers.

[@alexvj2011]

My first thought is that, while not easy, this could be a viable way to recreate shoe soles in an apocalyptic situation. Lol. Daryl harvesting golden rod to make his Lil’ Ass Kicker some shoes seems entertaining.

[@SwapPartLLC]

My allergies are screaming from just watching you harvest the goldenrod. That stuff kills me.

[@whogavehimafork]

The many varieties of goldenrod that are native here in North America are beautiful. I love these flowers so much and you're right, they're EVERYWHERE. Hugely important in so many ecosystems for wildlife and pollinators. I intend to devote a section of my yard to native wildflowers and, if I can manage to grow enough by next fall, I would love to experiment with goldenrod rubber.

[@thecrudelab3204]

andy: pours acetone on PLASTIC funnel me: NOOOOOO!!!! CONTAMINATION!!!!

[@hiabuddyoldpal]

I just want to say that putting the amount of time for the ad at the top right is one of the coolest things to ever do. Thanks, you're awesome!

[@nonamemage6599]

what happened to Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Htme: 10:49

[@jerrywhidby.]

Vulcanized rubber was on my wishlist of knowledge I would like to obtain. Thank you for making this video. This is why I enjoy KZbin.

[@chiyokuoni5658]

I tried to remove the hair from my screen ... now I'm frustrated

[@jerrywhidby.]

@@chiyokuoni5658 have you tried using a piece of tape? 😁

[@GabrielASwai]

Fertilizer most commonly has sodium nitrate. I learned this when we were learning about our local watershed and how fertilizer effects the water!

[@jennieminor5123]

How hard would it be to just appreciate the video for what it is and stop all these hatred comments thank you so much for sharing your info

[@justinlee3361]

Calcium Nitrate is found in plant fertilizer for calcium and nitrate absorption of plants.

[@ESLinsider]

Cool. According to some other papers some species of dandelion has a rubber content in it's roots of over 20%.

[@zakbearwulf4371]

As someone who is severely allergic to golden rod I had an asthma attack just watching this.

[@BKBees]

Nah, you're most likely allergic to ragweed. Goldenrod gets a bad rap because of this misconception.

[@TheOfficialCzex]

That homemade condenser column is pretty cool. Edit: If memory serves, Ca(NO3)2 is commonly used as an additive in fertilizers.

[@jamesbailey5627]

CCCP/Soviet shirt I don't think is needed.

[@malleusmaleficarum6004]

Definitely not, but what do u expect from a bunch of liberals who think communism is cool

[@QuantumFluxable]

@@malleusmaleficarum6004 that would be because capitalism sucks comrade

[@jerrywhidby.]

@@QuantumFluxable millions dead under Communism vs millions raised out of poverty under Capitalism. Or maybe Hong Kong is fighting for the wrong thing right now. Hey Hong Kong Communism is cool, and Capitalism sucks. Someone should have told the Ukrainians this during the Holodomor. What was the murder rate in Brazil after the Communist took away law abiding citizen's guns? What about the EFF in South Africa? When has Communism ever worked, and when has it ever not ended badly? Communism is for authoritarians who cannot make it in the real world, so they need the government to be their surrogate mothers.

[@malleusmaleficarum6004]

@@jerrywhidby. Well said

[@SD-qx7pw]

Goldenrod is such a good plant. everyone sees it as a weed that causes allergies but it has so many uses! Just a reminder that the earth gives us all we need

[@IDK-dl6lq]

Calcium Nitrate is used for fertilizers and pesticides for plants ,its also used for removing odor emission..i think 😃

[@Olivia-kh5rw]

As a Minnesotan person myself who has worked in environmental conservation, golden rod is a native plant that grows super aggressively! In fact, it can take over an entire plant habitat, so on certain sites, we would kill it despite golden rod being native. If someone could forage for golden rod and make rubber, then it would open up pockets for less aggressive natives!

[@HYPERxSONICxFANx2012]

I'll take the golden rod

[@HouseBricksDoor187]

I see that capilitist can't grow Russian dandelion, you must be a comrade to do that!

[@_alex06]

*we

[@onedaynoreason2572]

@Saburi McClain they're not commies any more so it's not offensive to Russians. Also, most Russians hate communism as well because of the suffering they experienced while under such an oppressive system

[@HouseBricksDoor187]

@@_alex06 don't expose our communist leader or we shall be sent to the gulag

[@Yogurt2740]

@@_alex06 hello comrades

[@inbredbanana8156]

I think it's interesting that they always get their stuff from right next to those train tracks

[@deadlymasher1024]

“Ground plant matter” sounds like code for weed

[@PupperTiggle]

put weed in a empty catnip bag if you have cats it might hide it pretty well

[@enbrat5859]

@@PupperTiggle FBI: *I N T E R E S T I N G*

[@r_jm1213]

I got to say I it was fun seeing the chanel go to a prehistoric type content, but I would prefer to see the chanel go back to it's roots like in this video.

[@coryvannote]

Calcium nitrate is in fertilizer Also, always cool to see how everything can be made from scratch, I wouldn't have thought rubber could basically be made from flowers.

[@rbad6215]

calcium nitrate can be used as a fertilizer and helps prevent blossom roots in plants but can also be used to reduce the rough brown texture on apple skins as far as i remember being taught by my pops

[@johnblack5616]

I came here for a HTME, got a nice ASMR session instead.

[@SF-li9kh]

We need more Andy. Andy struggling to do things from scratch. This was just another one of the boring usual science videos. The viewer needs to be immersed in the video. Playing a small trick on your subconscious to make you believe you are in that situation. With so many different people in the video trying out science stuff, it got boring real quick.

[@Therealcg88]

Calcium nitrite is in Stump remover and fertilizer and can be used as soap, saltpeter for black powder, and can be made from sea shells

[@moneyman295]

Me: how is that supposed to reflux like that *glass tube magically appears * Me: ah yes that makes more sense

[@Lily-di6hm]

Calcium nitrate is mostly found in nitrogen fertilizers where when mixed with sodium nitrate and potassium can absorb solar energy

[@kibrika]

The casual CCCP shirt bothers me a bit :(

[@bootlegcaesar7481]

Same, imagine the outrage if it Was a swastika or even, I shouldnt even think of this: a Trump Shirt??

[@onedaynoreason2572]

Bothers me more than a bit I unfortunately unsubbed and so should you!

[@gaaraluva3579]

Plant fertilizer, it’s got many benefits like absorbing moisture from the air, being a good source of nitrogen for plants and being the only water soluble form of calcium

[@antlia7183]

i think calcium nitrate is used more in fertilizers for plants to grow ps: i think that eggshells are used in homemade fertilizers because they have a lot of calcium nitrate

[@theterribleanimator1793]

no, egg shells are used for calcium caarbonate, that the bacteria in the soil eat to form the nitrate compoud. its actually a lot more complicated but trying to explain biochem in a youtube comment is almost impossible, not that hard tho, look it up, tons of good stuff you can learn in biochem.

[@larrytischler8769]

Calcium nitrate is used to prevent blossom end rot in home grown tomatoes. It is not sold as a formulated product by my garden supplyer, but rather per pound from a bulk bag of technical grade CaNO3..

[@matthewguy7658]

Calcium Nitrate I believe is mostly used as a source of nitrogen in fertilizer

[@divermike8943]

It probably should be mentioned; "High concentrations of toluene, usually from use in a confined space or unventilated area, can cause loss of consciousness, respiratory depression and death. Long term and repeated workplace exposure to toluene affect the central nervous system."

[@Waqas27]

Calcium nitrate is used mostly for fertilizers!!!

[@unhumanized]

I'm happy to see those guys return on the channel

[@ZirconGames]

Calcium nitrate is also known as saltpeter, and is used as fertilizer.

[@ZirconGames]

@@johnmiller5992 yes and no. while KNO3 is also called saltpeter, many nitrates also are, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, etc. and basically all of them are used as fertilizer

[@ZirconGames]

@@johnmiller5992 it also depends on where you live

[@CarpetHater]

@@ZirconGames they are not named just saltpeter then. Only pottasium nitrate is called saltpeter.

[@ZirconGames]

@@CarpetHater as i said, is region dependent, in south america NaNO3 is saltpeter, or chilean saltpeter. Ca(NO3)2 is also called saltpeter, or norwegian saltpeter. Historically after the spread of gunpowder around the world, any common nitrate in a certain region was called saltpeter, but yes, if we are talking globally, saltpeter is in fact especific for KNO3

[@CarpetHater]

@@ZirconGames yeah, Norwegian saltpeter and chilean saltpeter. If you asked a Norwegian for saltpeter, you would get KNO3 (or most likely get refused because it is illegal to sell here.)

[@jmr2008jan]

FYI If you are out picking Goldenrod, avoid it's look-alike, Wild Parsnip. It can give you severe chemical burns.

[@samanthaweber2195]

Jeff is there a way to tell if it is golden rod or wild parsnip?

[@theJellyjoker]

"Rubber trees don't grow anywhere in the US" I have two in my front yard and I live in Florida.

[@LENZ5369]

And there are tigers and zebras in Texas, what's your point?

[@onedaynoreason2572]

@@LENZ5369 that he said there aren't any in the US. He was wrong. The rubber trees are native there currently. That's the point arsehole. You're being obtuse

[@FullModernAlchemist]

Great video and congrats on pulling it off! I noticed a few places that could have saved you some struggles that I thought I might suggest. I would try not to load the glassware quite so full when refluxing mixtures of solids and liquids, it will cut down on the mixture bumping into the condenser. And when you run into situations where you have to sit the material in the solvent and reflux, doing smaller repeated extractions is better than one large extraction. Each fresh batch of solvent has more "space" to dissolve fresh material. That would cut down on the fats and oils in the first step, making the second extraction and the vulcanization more effective. Also, I think you could accomplish a continuous extraction using a two-neck flask, and a couple of 109 degree angle adapters. It would essentially be a through-flask but jutting off to the side instead of straight up and down. If you had some of these things on hand, but maybe not a steam distillation flask. Anyway I'm really impressed it went so well. Feel free to reach out if you want a lowly amateur chemist's help with anything. I'd love to help one of these episodes get made.

[@gooper1445]

I have a better title, "Making Milk from plants"

[@bassnbluegill1406]

Step 1: acquire cow step 2: feed it plants step 3: milk the cow

[@gooper1445]

@@bassnbluegill1406 you must be of the gods, how did you learn our recipe for destruction

[@Whydoyoureadme]

For a second I forgot what I was watching and I thought I was watching a tutorial on how to make hash.

[@purplehaze2358]

My god the sponsors were particularly painful with this one...

[@zintosion]

y?

[@purplehaze2358]

zintosion It was mentioned multiple times throughout the video and in total took up 1/12th of the entire video length.

[@theterribleanimator1793]

@@purplehaze2358 you will live.

[@heysaucemikehere1804]

Ah yes, 72 seconds out of your life, wasted away.. how horrible.

[@nelsonmai4684]

Calcium nitrate is commonly used in gardening as fertilizer. Plants benefit from both the calcium and nitrate nitrogen. These are important nutrients for plants as they grow and the nitrate helps the roots absorb calcium and nitrogen. The list goes on. It really is the perfect fertilizer.

[@jakefix3501]

Here before this becomes viral

[@d-pluto-b9064]

Calcium Nitrate is mainly used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture and is produced in granulated form. It is also used in wastewater pre-conditioning for odor emission prevention, and in set accelerating concrete admixtures. The dissolution of anhydrous calcium nitrate is highly endothermic.

[@nathanwashington9784]

You could drop a lemon from that height and have it bounce 3ft 😂

[@AerialTheShamen]

Is there also a recipe with less toxic chemicals involved to extract the rubber? I expect that essential orange oil (containing limonene) may be a good candidate.

[@johno6861]

Use $50 worth of toxic chemicals to make $1 ball.

[@ECM398]

in theory the solvents arent wasted in the process, you can recycle the solvents by distilling them out of the extracts

[@burnboompizza]

And the chemicals aren't that toxic you have way more toxic chemicals

[@kob6912]

If you’re paying a dollar for a bouncy ball you’ve been scammed you get a bag of like 10 for £1.50

[@xureality]

@@kob6912 Go big or go home, 1000 bouncy balls on amazon for $70

[@gafeht]

@@xureality this guy knows how to party

[@joannet2994]

"I love historical polymer chemistry." Lmfao!

[@gamingboy6611]

First to like my own comment

[@chasegoddard5942]

Ca(NO3)2 is a fertalizer, latex production, waste treatment, cold packs, concrete

[@SianaGearz]

Fertiliser. (does British spelling even count for the giveaway?)

[@danielmc5693]

Calcium nitrate is used in fertilizer. For a future video you could make a battery like Volta's with zinc and copper to keep progresing into the modern age. You could also try electroplating something with the battery.

[@linecraftman3907]

Another great vid from HTME team!

[@walterbunn280]

My personal suggestion would have been to use Milk Weed instead of Golden Rod. It's not just the percentage weight of dry material in the plant that matters, it's also the polymer length naturally produced by the plant. Milk Weed might not have as much dry weight of the isoprene, but what it does produce is of higher quality. After that, Vulcanization with sulfur generally requires increased pressure, in addition to heat, to perfect the polymer. Alternatively you could use Hydrazine instead of Sulfur, but that's asking for cancer and explosions.

[@erickkang6385]

Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, is commonly used in agriculture as a fertiliser. It is a source of both calcium and nitrogen for plants!

[@MordecaiV]

Calcium nitrate is used as a garden fertilizer; it provides calcium that helps prevent blossom end rot, and nitrogen for boosting plant growth.

[@kenneth2519]

I like how you use ur feet to grind them into smaller pieces. Absolutely professional as always

[@simonkallay9149]

Ca(NO3)2 also known as lime nitrate is mostly used for fertilizers. This way the plants can get their nitrogen and calcium intake from the ground.

[@charliejones3272]

my personal headcanon with Andy harvesing the golden rod is that he found a small pot growth operation but didn't comment on it 'cause he ain't a snitch

[@metaldetectingpa7950]

2:08, guy to the right I see you’re a man of culture as well

[@boglenight1551]

Calcium nitrate is most commonly used in fertilizer as it is a form of nitrogen which plants can metabolize, this is important as there's a step in the nitrogen cycle where nitrifying bacteria must convert urea and ammonia from animal urine and feces to nitrite and then nitrate for plants to be able to use the nitrogen. Nitrogen is essential to life as it is a major component in nitrogenous bases, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and adenine, which are the coding molecules for a weird biological thing called DNA which all cells have. Fun fact: in the 17 and 1800s, before nitrates could be synthesized in other ways, farmers and other people used to collect fecal waste and keep it damp for months on end to provide a medium for the bacteria to convert the ammonia into nitrates, the nitrates were then used as an oxidizer, a catalyst for carbon's reaction with oxygen (think fire and explosives), as the other major component of nitrates, other than nitrogen, is oxygen. The oxidizer was used in a little thing called black powder which people used to kill each other, yay, what a fun history.

[@curtiscaliff8918]

Calcium Nitrate is often used in fertilizers to provide both calcium and nitrogen to help plants with cell formation and protein production.

[@r_jm1213]

Stump remover is the commonly used gardening thingy, I think?

[@robertbarnett6879]

I know someone has already said this but perfect use for a real soxhlet extractor.

[@ariharrison1643]

Calcium nitrate is used in fertilizer. Rather it is an artificial fertilizer amendment. It helps with cell formation but it also neutralizes acids to detoxify the plant. The nitrogen component is also responsible for fueling protein production and essentially leafy growth.

[@goldenhibid]

6:50 "Number 15, burger king foot letuce, the last thing you want in your burger king burger is someone foot fungus, but thats what you migth gæt"

[@kin8639]

Happy to see the return of the cute hot and smart science guy from the plastic episode!

[@CREEPERCREEPS]

The nitrate is commonly found in saltpeter. Uses include fertilizer, and component of black powder

[@yybbhn]

Calcium Nitrate is a common fertilizer, as the 3 main macronutrients plants need to grow are Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK).

[@techjq2629]

Calcium Nitrate is used in most garden fertilisers. And by the way I absolutely love this channel

[@zacharybrown-silverstein5575]

2:27 - rubber trees grow in Hawai'i. Hawai'i is part of the U.S. + Oversees territories are part of the United States. I'b pretty certain I could grow a rubber tree in Guam, the Philippines, Costa Rica, etc.

[@DungeonsAndDiving]

Calcium Nitrate is found in a lot of garden fertilizers and apparently is good for preventing blossom end rot in tomatoes and peppers.

[@HighTop420]

Calcium nitrate is the only water soluble form of calcium. Because it is also a source of nitrogen, it is commonly used in liquid fertilizer recipes to deliver both of these essential nutrients to growing plants. My answer would be “Miracle-Gro”

[@sadiqayan]

Everybody: Excited for the new video *Me: Why doesen't this channel have 10 million subs*

[@alekbritz6423]

Fig trees also have latex rubber in them that you can see when you pick the figs.

[@noahlathrop4111]

Calcium Nitrate is used in fertilizers as well as freezer cold packs and some concrete applications. Love your dedication to knowledge, and your perseverance in trying new things!