Cardiac Arrhythmias, Animation

(USMLE topics, Cardiology) Cardiac Arrhythmias Overview: Sinus, Atrial and Ventricular Rhythms, Anatomy and ECG/EKG, Animation.
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Voice by: Abbie Drum
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Cardiac arrhythmias classified by site of origin: Sinus rhythms, from the SA node; Atrial rhythms the atria; Ventricular rhythms from the ventricles.
Sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia may be normal or clinical depending on the underlying cause.
Cardiac arrhythmias that originate from other parts of the atria are always clinical. The most common include: atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation and AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia. These are forms of supraventricular tachycardia or SVT.
Atrial flutter or A-flutter is caused by an electrical impulse that travels around in a localized self-perpetuating loop, most commonly located in the right atrium. This is called a re-entrant pathway. For each cycle around the loop, there is one contraction of the atria. The atrial rate is regular and rapid - between 250 and 400 beats per minute. Ventricular rate, or heart rate, however, is slower, thanks to the refractory properties of the AV node. The AV node blocks part of atrial impulses from reaching the ventricles. In this example, only one out of every three atrial impulses makes its way to the ventricles. The ventricular rate is therefore 3 times slower than the atrial rate. This is an example of a “3 to 1 heart block”.
On an ECG atrial flutter is characterized by absence of normal P wave. Instead, flutter waves, or f-waves are present in saw-tooth patterns.
Atrial fibrillation is caused by multiple electrical impulses that are initiated randomly from many ectopic sites in and around the atria, commonly near the roots of pulmonary veins. These un-synchronized, chaotic electrical signals cause the atria to quiver or fibrillate rather than contract.
The atrial rate during atrial fibrillation can be extremely high, but most of the electrical impulses do not pass through the AV node to the ventricles, again, thanks to the refractory properties of the cells of the AV node. Those do come through are irregular. Ventricular rate or heart rate is therefore irregular and can range from slow to rapid.
On an ECG, atrial fibrillation is characterized by absence of P-waves and irregular narrow QRS complexes. The baseline may appear undulating or totally flat depending on the number of ectopic sites in the atria. In general, larger number of ectopic sites results in flatter baseline.
AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia or AVNRT is caused by a small re-entrant pathway that involves directly the AV node. Every time the impulse passes through the AV node, it is transmitted down to the ventricles. The atrial rate and ventricular rate are therefore identical. Heart rate is regular and fast, ranging from 150 to 250 beats per minute.
Ventricular rhythms are the most dangerous (lethal rhythms).
Ventricular tachycardia or V-tach is most commonly caused by a single strong firing site or circuit in one of the ventricles. It usually occurs in people with structural heart problems such as scarring from a previous heart attack or abnormalities in heart muscles. Impulses starting in the ventricles produce ventricular premature beats that are regular and fast, ranging from 100 to 250 beats per minute. On an ECG V-tach is characterized by wide and bizarre looking QRS complexes. P wave is absent. V-tach may occur in short episodes of less than 30 seconds and cause no or few symptoms. Sustained v-tach lasting for more than 30 seconds requires immediate treatment to prevent cardiac arrest. Ventricular tachycardia may also progress into ventricular fibrillation.
Ventricular fibrillation or v-fib is caused by multiple weak ectopic sites in the ventricles. These un-synchronized, chaotic electrical signals cause the ventricles to quiver or fibrillate rather than contract. The heart pumps little or no blood. V-fib can quickly lead to cardiac arrest. V-fib ECG is characterized by irregular random waveforms of varying amplitude, with no identifiable P wave, QRS complex or T wave. Amplitude decreases with time, from initial coarse v-fib to fine v-fib and ultimately to flatline.

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[@drsuhailmuhammed3345]

i have not seen any better video on arrhythmia than this one

[@stevecallaway8457]

Very helpful in my understanding of heart problem

[@zulhafizz]

exactly!

[@sharoncombs58]

If only cardiologists and electrophyisologists could take the time to explain this it would help so much in reducing the fear! I know!

[@shadowbird8954]

Agreed!

[@veroniquendambo3242]

@@sharoncombs58 They would lose a customer because if you are cured they could go out of business. 🤣🤣🤣!! Ignorance and fear (of dying) will make you depend upon their knowledge.

[@DIGtotheIT]

As a nursing graduate, I can’t express how much I got out of this video! I finally understand the type of heart rhythm I should be watching for, and why.

[@nazneenkhan3688]

Such a complicated topic so simply explained with brilliant visuals. No words. Thank you

[@DuckODuckProductions]

This is too much... too good... too well-explained... like, I'm at a loss of words as to how PERFECTLY you guys taught this. Thank you. I'm on the verge of tears right now.

[@vinnyvid11]

This video was excellent. Finally got an answer to what the hell is a SVT.

[@sorayahz7488]

Same😆

[@Jualgumo]

A tachycardia above the ventricles

[@gustavomartinez6892]

Thank you for making you tube a community for educational purposes, cardiac arrhythmias are one of the first things that you see in med school, Im graduated medical doctor.

[@jaanubunty8479]

Gustavo Martinez .....me too

[@jaanubunty8479]

Gustavo Martinez .....me too

[@Maria-le5jp]

I've watched all your videos on the heart for my A and P class. If I get a decent or good grade it's all cause of you. These are honestly saving my life.

[@besttiktoks4352]

Hey did you get good grades?

[@Maria-le5jp]

@@besttiktoks4352 I got a b, but the class is so dificult that's what I was hoping to get lol

[@hilol825]

@@Maria-le5jp Three years late, but congrats!! :D

[@Buzz231094]

I have suffered with heart rhythm issues for a few years, doctors have not found a direct cause but have linked it to stress & anxiety. This video was very interesting, thank you

[@FaisalA233]

U most prob have PVCs (premature ventricular contraction) which are benign but recommend a holtor too analyse your burden

[@Buzz231094]

@@FaisalA233 thanks for advising 🙏

[@emmanuelokenwa67]

Thank God for doctors. Much respect for the lecturers and professors that teach people.

[@balaviswanathanv2379]

Especially Cardiology

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

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[@stephenhunter6507]

Why can’t doctors recommend videos like this so we have an idea what’s going on with our bodies? I learned so much in just 6 minutes!

[@MP3inoY]

I'm in love with this channel! love the amazing visuals and clear explanations.

[@ananyasadharon]

One of the best youtube channel for visualizing physiology ♥♥♥

[@Miss.loveness.samson]

I’m speechless This is just what I needed!

[@zubedavawda1074]

Thank you sooo much for such an educational video may the Almighty keeps you and your family always blessed with good health wealth peace and happiness 👍🙏🤗

[@MrJayPuff]

this is an outstanding representation I have not seen anything better.

[@afiatasneem4802]

It's the best video on Arrhythmia I have ever seen. Thanks a lot. 🙂🙂🙂

[@drshifagawande9091]

Excellent video, thank u so much for making this difficult chapter so easy n that too with animation, u guys have done a wonderful job ,plz continue to help in the same way

[@luismisanmartin98]

Excellent video, thank you so much for making this. That end of the video on the flatline was quite terrifying

[@mollyswenson5590]

THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU! I may pass my cardiac nursing class after all!

[@bridgetnayame3220]

This is the best channel have seen.

[@stronger3381]

Keypoints of the video: Sinus rhythm is normal 60-100 beats per minute. Sinus bradycardia less than 60, Tachycardia- more than 100. Sinus bradycardia normal during sleep, Tachycardia during workout. *Atrial flutter: loop travelling, often in the right atrium, 250-400 of atria, heart rate is lower (3 times). ECG: absence of P wave, f waves are present. *Atrial fibrilation- random impulses, ectopic sites, irregular heart rate. ECG: absence of P waves, narrow QRS complex. *AVNRT: reentrant tachycardia. small reentrant pathway, transmitted down. Atrial and ventricular rate are the same. Heart rate is faster- 150+. *Ventricular tachycardia: single firing site, structural heart problems. Premature beats. ECG: wide, abnormal QRS complexes. P wave is absent. Requires treatment to prevent arrest. May progress into ventricular fibrillation. *Ventricular fibrillation: pumps little to no blood, cardiac arrest. ECG: random, no identifiable P, QRS. Flat line = death.

[@ML-ni1tk]

Thankyou for this!🙏

[@guadalupemiranda7722]

Thank you very much!!

[@danielho3798]

Thank You!

[@sagvankareemtaha1347]

Thank u very much, ur way of making animations is great and easily understandable

[@elizabethp.4689]

Thank you for this! It provides the basics, so it's valuable to new learners, but it's also really helpful for people who've been at this a while because the graphics make it easier to visualize what's happening. Beautifully done. Warmed my heart : )

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Thanks for your kind words, we are happy we could help :)

[@marcus00077]

Boom! Exactly what I needed! Again, great work, team!

[@florgaldamez1811]

can you please make one on Fetal arrhythmias please, I can't find anything. Looking for that I stopped by here and stayed to watch :) its well explained.

[@thebaileyperson11]

This was a great video! It really helped break down everything!

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Thank you!

[@kishorekumar-singerofthemillen]

@@Alilamedicalmedia excellent vdo

[@tashinga.munjanga]

Great video, Thank you so much! Learned a lot in only 6 minutes!

[@finelycutglass]

Superb, succinct video with excellent use of graphics for the visual learner. Thank you!

[@electriciandallastx9182]

Thanks for the concepts you have provided here.

[@danijo5235]

THIS WAS SO HELPFUL THANK YOU

[@GardeningUpdate]

Great video. Such a very helpful.

[@blackwolf4417]

Best medical explanation

[@وَلاتَحجُبنيعنرأفتِكَ]

thank you so much for this perfect video & your translation .

[@Veyanz]

I am 17 and I suffer from this. my mom gets mad and yells at me when I tell her to take me to a cardiologist. I am paranoid and suffer from anxiety that i will die.

[@MrMiki5111]

Just go by yourself, you can even go to the emergency room when the symptoms are present. These things could have a serious outcome and they must be taken seriously. You are 17 years old, you are big enough not to hold your moms hand when u want to see a doctor. Just take actions my friend and you will be fine I promise you that.

[@juliekatekunich5217]

I have the same thing

[@niki6151]

Are u okay now?

[@FederalBurreauOfInvestigation]

I've the same thing.

[@chrisfosu4619]

Yoooooo me too

[@MrJayPuff]

Super helpful. graphics work well to demonstrate concepts

[@thomashill6347]

Thank you for sharing this informative information.

[@nirmaldas8872]

thank you, this video is very important to medical student

[@tatica1995]

Great video for my physiology class! Thanks :)

[@Saddamhussain-yo7mw]

I have no words to say thank you for making such an excellent vedioes..

[@khalidaagdouche1698]

That was a GREAT animation and explanation, thanks a LOT!

[@titoman340]

great presentation and great video thank you ....

[@marijimenez8545]

Beautifully explained!!! Thank You!

[@reshmaps9131]

WOWWW..Visual explanations are amazing! tnq

[@zahidahanif5204]

Awesome video thanks it helped me a lot

[@Orincaby]

I had to stop this video because my heart decided to start playing Simon says, but the animations and explanation is awesome.

[@HamzaAfridi999]

This is unbelievably explained

[@hamzakhankhan1419]

i love alila medical media

[@christoskalpakis7541]

Good job!! keep making good videos they are really helpful!

[@AlexHernandez-et3xd]

FANTASTIC THANK YOU

[@irenejoseph4770]

AMAZINGLY well explained! Thank you !!

[@Brirend]

The way I understand it, the sawtooth block waves in a-flutter are p-waves.

[@pico42ytalt87]

arrhythmia gang rise up with our amiodarone

[@algobo]

This video is brilliant. Thanks a lot!!

[@RYCHCHANNEL]

thank you, great video

[@smtdrgeetachavan6125]

U mentioned the ECG changes according to arrhythmias.its very useful.

[@jarosawbielski2301]

Whoever blinks an eye brings care, (he who disciplines boldly brings peace).

[@katherinemaroz1711]

very helpful video, great animation! thank you!

[@sudarshanmn4708]

Excellent video...very informative and you made it look easy

[@ManyThingsSeem]

Best vid on the subject well done

[@pamelachua2651]

Your videos are so precise that I regret so much I should have spent time watching these instead of studying standard textbooks loaded of additional unnecessary information

[@dggjkgiijhfrx2810]

Thank you so much, now I'm anderstand arrhythmia..

[@fairuzastevenson9896]

Thank you

[@senakrac4515]

İşime yaradı perfect ...

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

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[@Eileen_Yulick]

Thank you for making this

[@aisharajih4728]

Thank you❤

[@Mendiga78]

Helped clarify sinus vs atrial rhythms, thanks!

[@laraqween9538]

It is best explained of erhythmia that's Wonderful ♡

[@danmackintosh6325]

my 12 year old son who was born with a rare heart defect called cctga developed ventricular tachycardia after having his tricuspid valve replaced at Alder Hey Hospital, it was terrifying and caused cardiac arrest 3 times until he had a pacemaker put in. He's doing well at home now, i shoudn't be watching these types of videos really. I want to know more but it's starting to upset me at the same time.

[@masonqureshi5217]

Very well explained indeed… even to someone that has suffered a series of 9 cardiac arrests!

[@naxbeats2614]

9?

[@masonqureshi5217]

@@naxbeats2614 yes, questionable whether it’s 11, but at no least 9 is definite… Over a 10 hour period !

[@masonqureshi5217]

@King K. Rool I’m 54. I was 53 when it happened. I was in pretty good shape, now getting back in to shape. I remain very active (and was neatly finishing building my own garden room then) but I’m a lawyer! The consultants and medical staff how no idea what caused them. It’s still being investigated!

[@MartialBachoffner]

Really great, thanks!

[@rdv.3712]

Really good video .Was helpful

[@AlanshtainAlnafas]

l am crazy in with this channel thank for illustrate

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Welcome 😊

[@bigwillchill]

amazing video thank you!

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Thank you for watching!

[@carsonsworld8159]

Alila Medical Media my doctor says I have PVC is this something I should be concerned about? its very annoying

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Occasional PVCs in an otherwise healthy person shouldn't be much of concern but you should get checked regularly. On the other hand if the PVCs are frequent or if you have other heart conditions, you should be treated. In any cases, please consult your doctor.

[@carsonsworld8159]

Alila Medical Media thank u so much I went for two options both cardiologist said that there was nothing wrong the second doctor said it's benign but it's so frequent its aggravating an scary so i think I should consult very an electrical physiologist

[@Alilamedicalmedia]

Yes it's good to get opinions from different doctors. Good luck!

[@rakeshshaw2724]

Awesome explanation Thank u

[@themistoklespappalas3834]

If one's heart skips beats on disturbing thoughrs only, (5-10 times a day) is it considered an arrhythmia by its definition.

[@SquirrellyDan88]

When I was in medical school school 12 or so years ago. My instructor always called the SA node the Spanish one as ese 😂

[@BrijeshYadav-xy1hr]

it was very helpful thank you

[@idakhan8891]

Doctor r an ANGEL... 😇🙏👼😇🍎🌃💚🌎🦁

[@islamibrahim9901]

Good explanation ... thanks

[@shashimoghe3920]

An excellent feedback on heart functioning thanks 12/12/2020

[@mirnabshara8764]

u made it very easy ..thnx a lot ❤

[@hawraahawraa5243]

Really thank you 💙

[@allynziguye8621]

sincerely this video is helpful

[@dianerandolph934]

Excellent, A+ Thank you.

[@saraswathishanmugam1511]

This vedio is really useful for me. Thank you so much Will you please explain SVT in separate vedio

[@গাংচিল-ব৯ন]

Very nice video for education

[@chsny5695]

Great video. Currently studying to be a telemetry tech! :)

[@jinajss952]

Thank you

[@carmenloo3538]

Great video!

[@ranjann1]

very help ful

[@majakeck8240]

Great work. Super explanation

[@syafiqanorhaidi7584]

thanks for the explanation!

[@hazratbilal1788]

Good 👍 job ❤🎉

[@sithandomoyo7324]

Helpful

[@zaynmalik879]

Great great thanku so much

[@apigf]

Vey rgood explaination and veryyy helpfulll❤️❤️

[@ssameeh]

Excellent. Thanks 😊