Celts - the talk your parents never gave you about 'Celtic'.

[@johnanthony6742]

One of the greatest gifts my grandfather gave me was a 300 year family ancestry we had researched before he passed. Only last year at 99. Went back to Ireland and Wales on his side and German on my Grandmother. We actually found a point where our name McGlocklin and McLaughlin merged two clans inter marriages. This was a extremely great gift to know...

[@BenLlywelyn]

I am glad you found your roots.

[@jimobrien84]

I never really thought anyone had such a simplified view of the Celtic peoples that you’re arguing against. Much like I wouldn’t expect people to think of all Slavs as some unified culture or that anyone who had seriously put any thought into it would think the same of Native Americans. TV and movies tend to treat all subjects without nuance and simply rely on caricature and cliche I think because it conveys an idea without having to devote exposition to it. So they just show some stereotypical character and the audience easily perceives it as belonging to whatever group. I think the only people that just accept these caricatures at face value are those who never think about it

[@markscott8233]

Amen Cuz!

[@larrydykes7643]

Ben, thanks for another great video essay. I got interested in Welsh because of 3 things: 1) the still extant choral tradition of Wales 2) the _look_ and the _sound_ of Welsh (yr iaith y Nefoedd?) and 3) the strength of character it must take to have maintained a separate culture and language after hundreds of years stood on the same island as the most effective colonizing force on the planet.

[@BenLlywelyn]

Croeso - Welcome

[@michaelhalsall5684]

A recent Celtic festival held here in Australia was decorated with artificial standing stones (Stonehenge etc.) to make it more "Celtic". I didn't try and spoil their fun and explain that Stonehenge is very much a pre-Celtic structure. Apparently "Celtic" means anything European that's very ancient!

[@BenLlywelyn]

Quite right of you in date of the structure and intent for their fun!

[@saoirsegirvan5096]

I am interested in the cultures of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, because I am descended from those cultures. My last name is evolved from Gwyrddafon (“the river flowing through the green, flourishing place”) which was also the original name of modern day Girvan, Scotland.

[@BenLlywelyn]

We should all celebrate where we come from.

[@michaelhalsall5684]

I visited another KZbin channel that featured Irish language versions of modern rock songs. Some-one called "Ronald McDonald" (the name says it all!) posted a comment about Gaeilge being the "language of the Druids". I politely updated him about the modern status of the language.

[@BenLlywelyn]

Christianity did take time to fully come into Ireland. But 'druids' how they imagined today is quite silly.

[@anderxale1]

I very recently discovered that I'm mostly Irish (I live in the USA with adopted parents). My parents raised me on Native American tradition because of my parents' beliefs and their connections/friendships with some the Michigan Nations. My entire life I thought Celtic was a religion (I'm so separated from it). This video means a lot to me for so many reasons. Again - Thank you!

[@BenLlywelyn]

Cheers. My next video within a week may annoy your Irishness then - or you may like it. I hope the latter.

[@serviustullus7204]

You add a lot of good info. Thanks for that.

[@TheEggmaniac]

A genuine question for you. Can countries or regions where Celtic languages are no longer spoken as a first language, and has since died out but been revived, like Isle of Man or Cornwall, still be considered really Celtic today ? What is it that defines them as Celtic?

[@BenLlywelyn]

If a language is revived, absolutely. I suppose several thousand years of being in the soil has something worth saying.

[@TheEggmaniac]

@@BenLlywelyn I get your point, but the Cornish language died out in the early 1800s. There was quite a long time between it being revived in late 20th Century. As there were no recordings of some words, in Cornish, the pronunciations had to be guessed at, when it was revived. There is an element of having to create some of it. Theres no guarantee it is authentic. If you visit Cornwall today, you hear a lot people speaking with what sounds like a South Eastern Estuary English. Probably due to a lot of people moving into Cornwall. Apart from the language what makes regions Celtic today?

[@santicarvalhido-gilbert8437]

Interested to know more Galicia and their Celtic credentials...Came to mind a few nameplaces such as Britonia and Celtigos in Northern Galicia which sound very explicit and the story of Bishop Maeloc. Also I wonder about the link between Wales and Galicia through Macsen, apparently a Galician himself. Very interesting but again all very obscure. Thanks

[@BenLlywelyn]

It would be an interesting video. Would also need to read on it.

[@lancersharpe]

As a Anglican Priest in Wales, when preaching on St Paul's letter to the Galatians I mention that they spoke a Celtic language with words such as Bara for bread and Bardd for poet. It amazes me the continental Celts spread so far into Asia Minor.

[@b.l.fisher8230]

As human beings we sometimes try to figure out our issues, in that search we find that we have to go back to find the point where it all went bad. That leads us to our childhood. It's only there that we discover the truth. I have found that there is a huge denial on most people's behalf to time travel to their most painful moment. Hence the state of affairs...

[@BenLlywelyn]

Pain takes a lot to heal. It takes other people and being a social creature.

[@rhyslloyd3200]

Hi Ben, What's your favourite Welsh language film/TV series. Caru dy sianel. Rhys.

[@BenLlywelyn]

Because Welsh is still confined mostly to 1 television channel there is indeed limited choice sadly. I like programmes about places like 3 Lle. Thr programme Y Golau is quite good.

[@rhyslloyd3200]

@@BenLlywelyn Mae'r ddau yn sioeau arbennig. C'mon Midfid yw'r sioe gorau dwi di weld at S4C. O ran ffilmoedd, Yr Ymadawiad, Solomon & Gaenor, Hedd Wyn a Grand Spam yn sefyll mas. (Sorry for context, I am a fluent Welsh teacher).

[@rhyslloyd3200]

And I bloody love this channel

[@MrAllmightyCornholioz]

THE DAGDA BLESS THIS CHANNEL

[@BenLlywelyn]

Thanks.

[@shaunsteele8244]

the "Celts" were literally all over Europe and Britain, but somehow they came to be associated with Ireland in modern times

[@thegreenmage6956]

Political motivations behind ethnic derivations might well be ill-founded, but no one can deny the existence of a Slavic group, likewise a Germanic one, and what you are saying is precisely what many of us opposing Celto-Scepticism were wary of; that it shall be argued there is no such thing as a Celtic group. Yet all of your issues with the definition can be applied to the Germanic and Slavic groups. Is anyone outright trying to stop them from having a right to exist? Russia, perhaps, in a post-modern, communistic sense. I would say you see it in an opposite sense to my perspective. Furthermore, some of your points are reaching and I feel you are misrepresenting matters to support your biased stance. The kilt of course is often anachronistically inserted in the past when it should not be, but why would you suggest the pattern is ‘not a thing’? Plaid weave is one of the oldest patterns found in Europe, the earliest being of course found outside of Europe in the Tarim basin. It would be more accurate to say that we should encourage to people to think of this type of fabric as MORE than just Celtic, but it is untrue to state it would not have been seen in the Post-Roman period. Celtic by no means exists only linguistically. Why is the Lugus figure so wide-spread in these Celtic-speaking groups, as a pan-Celtic deity, if a Celtic continuity in and of itself was non-existant? You go on to illustrate the various faiths found within the territories of Celtic countries, but these only serve to illustrate how far we have fallen that you can only point to our spirituality through the religions which have oppressed us. Protestantism in Wales saw the sacred word Annwfn become associated with the Christian hell, so that even our own grandparents were disparaging and negative about it. Why embrace the religions which have made devils of our gods? Merely because you fail to recognise a burgeoning, new and self-aware reappraisal of the past does not mean it does not, should not exist There are many foreign religions in Britain, but that does not make them British, if anything there are almost no living traces of Celtic religions left at all, beyond a few Saints’ names. Abrahamic Monotheism has eradicated much of what remained of ancient Celtic religions, and you can understand the reluctance of a younger generation to identify with such a clearly unnatural cultural import, can you not? Of course, we intend to identify with something genuine. It is not an attempt to manufacture a false culture or religion to engage in reconstructive paganism, but rather a desire to avoid this kitsch neo-pagan fake identity to which you allude. Should academics not wish to help make better-informed ancient culture-inspired identities, rather than belittle those who would seek them? Etruscan art heavily influenced Celtic material culture, we can clearly see the shift in styles from Halstatt D to La Tène clearly carrying evidence of diverse historical relationships reaching back to Etruscan and Scythian connections. Of course you can be British and Welsh, British = Welsh, this should go without saying, we have an immeasurable task ahead of us in teaching the English (as I do in my place of work) just how integral Welsh is to British history. What you are saying would only see these counties driven further apart in petty, weak squabbling and differences instead of coming together over what we share. England and Wales are both equally a part of British history, but the native British language will certainly die if those of your ilk continue to dismantle its Celtic pillars, foundations. No matter the manner you term it, they not pillars of sand. Of course hierarchies predominated. There is nothing more natural. This discomfort you feel at the idea of reconstructing and defining our Celtic heritage, I believe is merely a (natural) aversion to anything even remotely similar to the desire to identify with a nation. Because this would resemble too much, to the scholar’s feverish eye, nationalism. And Nationalism has become too hastily difficult to dissociate from national socialism, and so it has suffered in the post-modern twilight. I accuse you of being, yourself, encumbered by politics, but this time because you are a victim of the post-WW2 Nazi villainisation, that you are still automatically searching for enemies within, just as the institutions which made up your formation instructed you to do. You say we risk missing out on how modern Celtic countries are so much more than history, culture, identity, etc. I think it is travesty the reality is that modern Celtic countries are so much less than those things, and so poorly, weakly, and meagrely established in the current era, well and comfortably ready to fade into a poorly-determined, culture-less post-modern humanistic paste. Furthermore; how can you be so disparaging of modernistic kilt-like pop-culture Celtic fads, and yet champion equally recent and quaint aspects of Wales such as the Protestantism, or pride in a Welshman having been a prime minister, or inventing laughing gas or the term PIE. Those things are just as modern, they’re just more acceptable to you. You are as much a romantic as those you disparage, but one must suspect that your fear of the nation (and being the bad guy) is at the root of a certain un-self-aware hypocrisy.

[@BenLlywelyn]

I am glad you enjoy watching this channel and thank you. On this Celtic identity thing we will have to disagree and value what we both can of Welsh culture in all its beauty and variety.

[@thegreenmage6956]

@@BenLlywelyn By all means.

[@Alasdair37448]

I agree with everything you say here 100% people need to know this. To answer your final question I'm half Irish half Scottish so both cultures are very near and dear to my heart.

[@BenLlywelyn]

Yes they do.

[@gwynwilliams4222]

Iv never thought the Welsh were celts the Welsh are ancient Britons that's it

[@andrewandrews2763]

What is very interesting though, is I remember reading that the druids in Gaul would go to Britain and train/learn.

[@BenLlywelyn]

When?

[@seandavey8360]

Celtic is one of three things 1. A marketing scheme 2. A political movement 3. A term used by the romans to describe religious, cultural, technological , militaristic, political and linguistic similarities. You can see this. That Nordic art you showed us is more alike that of early Irish religions art than that of Roman or Greek art which focused more on accuracy or Germanic art which although similar was often not as detailed and used thicker lines and more triangular and square shapes rather than the celts who mainly used circular shapes. Similarly we can see most Celtic peoples had a tendency to fight naked. The Celtic peoples of Britain and Ireland often wore blue war paint which was seen in Gaul and Iberia to an extent but not as much. I think where you’ve gone wrong is you forget what culture is. Ethnic culture is. Ethnic culture is something we are selves decide. We see in Northern Ireland an ethnic culture divide as some people view the Irish or just the northern Irish culture as being British and others as Irish being its own thing. But what we can see is how it affects society and how there are larger ethnic cultures that are made up of small ones. For example the Arabs. We look at the Syrians and they are different to the Iraqis. But the Syrians have more in common with the Iraqi’s or the Yemenis than they do to their closer nabbers the Turks. So they are Arabs not Turkish. Although when we look at you’re example of Slavic culture the country’s and peoples who identify as Slavic are all closer to each other than they are to their nabbers (except maybe the Balkan Slavs who are arguably are more alike Greeks and Albanians than they are Russians but that’s cultural division it happens over time it’s why Scandinavia isn’t technically Germanic) but the problem with Russia is it would treat the other Slavs like crap which is what they did to the Novgorodians who don’t exist anymore and also it wouldn’t be a United Slavic country with equal representation. It would be a Russian country with some other slavic territory.

[@BenLlywelyn]

I agree with you Celtic is more than 1 thing and there is an identity issue which is both a deep ethnic issue for many and a hinderance to other people's view of themselves in the 'celtic' nations. But I should mention the Celtic Languages view came much later with Edward Lhuyd in 1707.

[@seandavey8360]

Although your point on the language connection is true there is little in common with old Irish and indeed new Irish and other Goidelic and Brythonic languages they did share similar writing scrips. Most non Irish historians will tell you Irish didn’t have a form of writing until the fifth century. However this is not true this is just when the Latin Alphabet and with it books and recorded history arrived in Ireland. There was already another form of writhing known as ogham ogham was an alphabet made up of crossing vertical lines with horizontal or diagonal lines . Though it was mostly just used for writing place names or grave stones. But it bares many similarities to the Lepontic or other early northern Italian alphabets.

[@serviustullus7204]

Celts once did share a Druid religious-clergy(as the medieval catholic clergy repeated a pattern of priestly control), a pantheon, common art fashions -and “classic La Tene expression” has stayed. But Celts were pluralistic and very individualistic and independent-seeking. Each state-chieftainship or country has its own local identity. Irish and Welsh likely evolved as languages in situ and contemporaneously, and “Gallo-Welsh” likely spread eastward as the dominant language for Alpine mining and the Central European weapons-trade of the Bronze and Iron Ages. The Great Orme began a Celtic Bronze Age that linked the megalithic trade routes, circa 1900 bce.

[@BenLlywelyn]

We call it Y Gogarth. Thank you for watching.

[@rhysrowlands1818]

Interesting vid as always Ben! I think that anyone that has read any ‘Celtic’ history should understand that the term is extremely problematic and has limited use. I don’t think this fact should necessarily limit a feeling of shared history within the ‘Celtic’ countries however, but it does really need to be better understood. I encountered something the other day that described how this Celtic question was a big issue in the 90’s around the time that the assembly was being voted on, which I guess makes sense. Though it’s not, I could imagine how someone may have perceived this ‘Celtic realism’ as an attack on the assembly. 🤷‍♀️

[@BenLlywelyn]

Diolch Rhys. Yes, a very problematic term. And always evolving too.

[@StygianNightmare]

There's a lot of this in my family culture as well. "Emanuele" translates roughly to "walks with God" or "one with God", is our family name and very specifically Siciliano, and people lump us together sith Italiano, and completly ignore that we are a wholly separate culture and the language not only predates Italian but also cant be connected to what ultimately became Italian spoken language. That being said I can pretty much tell what most Italians are saying, same with most "romance" languages. However there can be some GROSS mistranslations because cultures evolve and change over time as they absorb other cultures

[@BenLlywelyn]

A fine thing to hear people keeping their Siciliano heritage.

[@MihailȘerban-g9y]

German word for mony(geld) sound like kelt... and the gaull is related with gold(?). people with gold... ring's, bracelet's, necklaces..

[@mishapurser4439]

I am really interested in the Hen Ogledd and how the modern northern England (AKA Brigantia/Northumbria) can relate to our own unique and rich heritage. We are so often entirely defined according to being reduced to the socio-political north-south divide and reduced to being a mere extension of the south to perpetuate the myth of a monolithic England. Here in the north throughout our history we have been the melting pot of every major cultural and political force that arrived on the island and many conflicts and changes have come together and clashed in this part of the island. Taliesin and Urien Rheged are an important part of our history as well as that of Wales, Northumbrian tartan and Northumbrian smallpipes form a part of our distinct Modern culture, and there is a very small movement to bring Welsh back here after the Cumbric dialect/language became extinct here around the 12th century. I'd love to see more northerners reconnect to who we are and where we come from. The Brigantes, Hadrian's Wall, the Hen Ogledd, the Kingdom of Northumbria, the Kingdom of York, the North Sea Empire, the Battle of Stanford Bridge, the harrying of the north, the War of the Roses, the Industrial Revolution, etc. are all part of our history and make us who we are today. Queen Cartimandua of the ancient Brigantian Confederation was a Roman ally here, Constantine the Great ascended to Emperor of Rome in York, the Britons of the Hen Ogledd and the Angles of the Kingdom of Northumbria fought and mixed together in these lands, Emmeline Pankhurst was a Mancunian, the Peterloo Massacre happened in Manchester, Norwegian kings ruled over the land I see every day. We should never forget that.

[@BenLlywelyn]

It would be fascinating for Welsh and Norwegian to be taugh as extra subjects in North England to reflect the heritage.

[@garysuarez9614]

Thank you for the interesting information. I had spent some time looking into culture in historical context. I observe that in America it is often a movement that allows people to be "white" without the onus of being part of the overtly advertised aggressive and uncaring conquering and assimilating cultural dominating force. It allows an argument of "like but not same" on some levels. The "underdog" you touched on in your presentation. This comes from having a mother whose family name is derived from MacCulloch, for what it's worth, if anything. I have heard many experiences from my uncles and grandparents here that other family and acquaintance did not go through, because of how people thought they should be and act being American of their extraction, but should be ascribing to a pre determined set of cultural norms that were always at best a mild slur. Again, thank you for your insight, especially the Tolkein illustrative quote. His writing is always a joy to read.

[@BenLlywelyn]

I should not many Irish-Americans equate Celtic with Irish. Which ignores Wales, Scotland, etc.

[@melysmelys2622]

Very interesting. Totally agree with the whole Celtic 'thing'.

[@BenLlywelyn]

Diolch.

[@clevelandgoodshield463]

Going to the Native American. Lakota Sioux created the teepee, orally told, it was actually the Lakota Children who showed the Lakota Elders how to build a teepee, an easy structure to build up and take down. My ancestors moved a lot, mainly because we followed the bison to live off of. In the modern world in USA, we are located in Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming and some in North Dakota. It's the Sioux Tribes who made the teepees. Other Tribes have their own home structures that is their own tribal identity and style. I identity myself Lakota Sioux Native American because I am based on bloodline and based on tribal identity. Plus, it's legally a sovereignty tribal thing. So, no, you can't be Native American UNLESS you are born Sioux or any Indigenous bloodline like a Royal Bloodline. That's the truth.

[@BenLlywelyn]

I wish I knew more about the Sioux. Thank you.

[@MP-hz6iz]

Brilliant video. This idea that language = culture is dangerous, and can be used for imperial purposes more easily than the arguments for national liberation struggles, especially as it's almost always based on nonsense. Welsh, Breton, Irish - and other languages! - are fascinating and worth preserving and USING because they are intrinsically interesting, different and reflect complex histories. They do not need fairy tales or cod history to make them so!

[@BenLlywelyn]

Thank you very much.

[@gamermapper]

While language isn't the same as culture or identity, in a lot of cases, if some group does speak one language, this language can't just come from nowhere, and the linguistic group is very likely to be have shared history and culture and so could be described as an ethnicity (or nation, or a people). In the same way, linguistically related groups do have some common ancestor so they could be seen as a panethnicity. It's not to say that the only differences between ethnic groups (nations, les peuples) are linguistic, but that if a linguistic difference does exist between 2 groups (in their indigenous languages of their group origins) it's very likely those are 2 different ethnic groups.

[@MP-hz6iz]

@@gamermapper so if I'm of third generation Australian Aboriginal or Chinese heritage living in Australia, I share more in common culturally with an English speaker from Caernarfon, Kettering or Lerwick than of people of my own heritage, experience and background? Okay then!

[@thegreenmage6956]

Why is this the only thing one ever hears about in Celtic Studies, so that Celtic Studies seem to be about nothing more than deconstructing the very subject?

[@BenLlywelyn]

Because Celtic Studies were built through the lense of people looking in, not by people looking at themselves.

[@KatriaThePotato]

All those "Celtic", "Germanic", "Slavic", etc should be understood only as linguistic terms - a group of languages share similarities because they have a common ancestor. That's all, nothing more. And Slavs, Celts, Germanic people, etc are groups, among which these languages developed. Usually these groups live next to each other and can communicate, so they share cultural similarities too. Ofc, there's no Celtic culture - there are Celtic cultures, cultures of ethnic groups, that speak or used to speak a Celtic language (the same with Slavic, Germanic, etc). So I think about it as umbrella terms for ethno-linguistic groups, bc not everyone who speaks Welsh is Welsh - I learn Welsh and it won't magically erase my Ukrainianess and turn me into Welsh 😅 Probably it's more complicated when we talk about the Scottish people - even though both Scotts and Scottish Gaelic rightfully belong to them, most of them speak English. It seems like their culture is a mix of Gaelic and Germanic, but no one knows better how to identify the Scottish people than the Scottish people. It reminds me how Bulgarians identify themselves - they're fine with being Slavic (linguistic identity), Turkic (ethnic identity) and Balkan (geographical identity) at the same time.

[@BenLlywelyn]

I would never wish to erase your Ukrainian-ness and heart goes out to your people.

[@ChristChickAutistic]

Lol, I understood what you said at the end, maybe those Learn Welsh videos are paying off, lolololol! Dude, every culture or country has a stereotype attached to it, sad but true. I'm from the American South. That probably conjures up certain pictures in your head, a lot of them negative. But I know most of those assumptions aren't true, and so do you about your culture. I read a helluva lot of history, and your little island and the nations on it, along with Ireland, have been a subject of interest for me for years. I hear what you're saying, lol, the real history is way more complex than the mystical fantasyland that people want to make out the Celtic people to be. It's fun, but it ain't reality. You need to make more videos about the real history, I'll watch for sure, lol! I want to know more about Prince Madog of Gwynedd myself. He came over here to my area in 1169-1171, somewhere in there, and got stuck here and stayed. The descendants of the Prince and his people became the Mandans. So yeah, more history please! 😁

[@BenLlywelyn]

Prince Madog might be a good one, actually.

[@ChristChickAutistic]

@@BenLlywelyn I have a book called Letters and Notes on the North American Indian by George Caitlin, originally published in the 1840s, I think, and there's a big section on the Mandan. Caitlin was fascinated with them because they told him that they were Welsh who came here long ago. Their language had many archaic Welsh words and many of them had blue, green, or gray eyes and red or blonde hair.

[@lorddemonoss3945]

Oh. My bad! I thought you meant the band The Cult. Bye.

[@pio4362]

As a passionate supporter of the Irish language, I would strongly echo your misgivings about the modern day misuse and commodification of Celtic culture. It's not unlike how Native Americans complain about sports mascots. A lot of these people have no interest in the living Celtic languages today, and instead appropriate our cultures so that they can project their New Age nonsense onto it. The speakers of Irish, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Breton converted to Christianity 1,500 odd years ago. It's such a long time ago, that we've next to no idea what the Celtic paganism that preceded it was about, they left no written writings of their own. Thus what "Celtic" Neo-pagans are engaging in is inventing traditions, with no basis in the historic past. The fact that some of them can then sideline the centrality of the languages is egregious. The reality, on the contrary, is that Irish speakers played a massive role in Christianising missions in Britain and the continent, they were not tree-hugging mystical people closed off from the rest of Europe as they imagine. And it's not neo-pagans either. On Wikipedia I learn that in Germany (*and only* Germany) does a so-called "Celtic Church" exist. This is textbook appropriation, and a spit in the face of modern day services/masses still conducted in Welsh and Irish. One scholar I follow postulates that Gaelic and Brythonic began separating from each other about 800 BC. This means it long proceeded the splits that occurred in the other big European families of Romance, Germanic and Slavic. With that in mind, we have to be very careful about notions of Celtic unity. It is a nonsense so long as our languages are in a pitiful state. Priority has to be on language proliferation.

[@BenLlywelyn]

To be fair the use of Native American names on brands irks me. Jeep Grand Cherokee? The Cherokee Nation should get a 50% cut of all sales.

[@pio4362]

@@BenLlywelyn Agreed. Nobody should be doing that without the express permission of such tribe or ethnic group.

[@tepodmabkerlevenez1923]

Ni zo Bretoned, ha Kelted. Ni vo bepred Bretoned, Bretoned = tud kalet ! Lorc'h zo ennomp a gement-se. Netra da welout gant ar skiant-faltazi pe kontadennoù faltazius bennak, nann, ar gwirvoud istorel ha kempred hepken. Kelted en hor gwad dre hêrezh hon hendadoù, Kelted dre hor yezh dre hêrezh hon hendadoù ivez. Ar c'horf hag ar spered a ra deomp bezañ Kelted ha Bretoned. Ar bed en-dro deomp a stoum kalet ouzhimp, ar bed saoznek hag an hini gallek, hag en arvar bras emañ hor pobloù keltiek. Evel a lavare egile, ar vuhez a zo hollad an nerzhioù a stourm ouzh ar marv ! E-se omp bev !

[@BenLlywelyn]

Je comprends quelques langues, mais le breton j'ai du mal à lire.

[@tepodmabkerlevenez1923]

@@BenLlywelyn Pas mal de mots sont comme en gallois. J'ai connus des Gallois qui parlais breton aussi.

[@mtmabon643]

Fuaswn yn hoffi dysgw mwy am hanes Galicia achos rwyf yn dysgu Sbaeneg. Wedi rhyfeddu syd mae siarad cymraeg yn help mawr i ddysgu'r iaith Sbaeneg. Diolch am y rhagleni !

[@BenLlywelyn]

Diolch yn fawr. A dw i'n sicr bod Sbaeneg fy mhlentyndod yn America wedi helpu gyda'r Gymraeg.

[@serviustullus7204]

Yours is not the only authority on what is a Celt, but you talk a good gab, and you receive favoritism. Nota bene - Celtidai=Galatae=gal-:able, strong, mercenary. Celts were not a genetic racial line or single ethnic identity, it was a vibrant extensive society of shared culture born from the trade in tin, copper, salt, and iron. Welsh=Galish=Gaulish, an endonymic meaning “able” - not a Germanic origin word meaning “foreign, strange.” The Saxon kings of Kent seek to proper a high opinion of their rival Welsh chiefs in Britain. Wergild laws were create to discourage Gallo-Welsh identity, not punish to punish a British racial feature. Yes, Celtic and west Europe does have values that are unique to it.

[@BenLlywelyn]

Localism changes polities over centuries. And did so back then too.

[@culture4519]

Oh god here we go with the insane ravings about this shit again

[@BenLlywelyn]

Every comment helps.