Chapter 1.1: Introduction to logic

[@michaelpisciarino5348]

0:04 Data, Observation, Conclusion 0:54 What is an Argument? Premises and Conclusion 1:50 Valid Argument 2:14 Invalid Argument 2:40 True Premises, Invalid Argument 3:04 False Premises, Valid Argument 3:30 Deductive and Inductive Arguments 4:32 “You can’t make any New mistakes” Validity of a deductive argument is determined by form more than content of argument. 7:33 Inductive Argument (likely, plausible, but not guaranteed or certain)

[@Capcoor]

Why, thank you.

[@scuddlebug9382]

What a god

[@williamspringer9447]

Where does he mention that logical arguments just be well supported by reliable evidence?

[@forbiaeisa4662]

Thanks

[@papaji023]

Meet you in heaven

[@___wij]

I like this Dutchman. He's humble

[@marioksoresalhillick299]

I liked this before seeing how this relates to the video. I went down to like it again, forgetting I had already done so and actually unliked the comment by accident! I wish I could like it twice!

[@f4dhlurr4hm4n5]

So do I

[@hinteregions]

Your premises appear to be both valid and sound but ... XD

[@Ouzyman]

The conclusion of your comment is: you like humble people. 😂 am i right?

[@hinteregions]

@@Ouzyman hee hee :D

[@PringlesOriginal445]

This is the only video that has actually helped me understand this!!

[@williamspringer9447]

He didn't tell you anything in this video that you didn't already know naturally .

[@dareeper4327]

@@williamspringer9447 You just hatin lol

[@snacc1543]

@@williamspringer9447 putting terms to these things and conceptualizing them consciously is helpful to making sure that you understand the world right and are actually making logical as opposed to just impulsive or misguided decisions

[@williamspringer9447]

s n a c c••• I wasn't clear enough. Here's some information about the science of Logic that was suppressed in this lecture..••• The science of logic was invented by Aristotle during the fourth century B.C., as a systematic method of evaluating arguments in order to determine if they are properly reasoned. In his book "The Underground History of American Education" historian John Gatto argues very persuasively that, though the science of Logic is taught in expensive private schools in the US today , it hasn't been taught in our State controlled public schools for more than a century. There are good reasons for this. It is hard to lie to people who know how to logically evaluate an argument. Due to our schools, even the vast majority of the elderly in our population have no effective understanding of the science of logic or the art of rhetoric. ••• "Logic, therefore, as the science of thought, or the science of the process of pure reason, should be capable of being constructed a priori." -Arthur Schopenhauer, "The Art of Controversy", (1831) ("A priori" is defined as deduced from self-evident premises.) •••••••••• "Logic: The science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference. " -"Webster's Unabridged Encyclopedic Dictionary" •••••••••• "Infer ... v. ,1. To derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence ..." -"Webster's Unabridged Encyclopedic Dictionary" •••••••••• "For logic is the science of those principles, laws, and methods which the mind of man in its thinking must follow for the accurate and secure attainment of truth." -Celestine N. Bittle, "The Science of Correct Thinking: Logic", (1935) •••••••••• "We suppose ourselves to posses unqualified scientific knowledge of a thing, as opposed to knowing it in the accidental way in which the sophist knows, when we think that we know the cause on which the fact depends, as the cause of that fact and of no other, and further, that the fact could not be other than it is". -Aristotle, "Posterior Analytics" •••••••••• "We ought in fairness to fight our case with no help beyond the bare facts: nothing, therefore, should matter except the proof of those facts." -Aristotle, "Rhetoric" •••••••••• "Without the presentation of solid evidence no argument can be a good one" -Patrick Hurley, "A Concise Introduction to Logic", (1985) •••••••••• "Fallacious reasoning is just the opposite of what can be called cogent reasoning. We reason cogently when we reason (1) validly; (2) from premises well supported by evidence; and (3) using all relevant evidence we know of. The purpose of avoiding fallacious reasoning is, of course, to increase our chances of reasoning cogently." -Howard Kahane, "Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric", (1976), second edition •••••••••• "The province of Logic must be restricted to that portion of our knowledge which consists of inferences from truths previously known; whether those antecedent data be general propositions, or particular observations and perceptions. Logic is not the science of Belief, but the science of Proof, or Evidence. In so far as belief professes to be founded on proof, the office of Logic is to supply a test for ascertaining whether or not the belief is well grounded." -John Stuart Mill, "A System of Logic", (1843) ••••••••• "And if we have a right to know any Truth whatsoever, we have a right to think freely, or (according to my Definition) to use our Understandings, in endeavouring to find out the Meaning of any Proposition whatsoever, in considering the nature of the Evidence for or against it, and In judging of it according to the seeming Force or weakness of the evidence: because there is no other way to discover the Truth." -Anthony Collins, "A Discourse of Free Thinking", (1713), taken from the first page of "Thinking to Some Purpose", by L. Susan Stebbing, (1939) •••••••••• "Aristotle devides all conclusions into logical and dialectical, in the manner described, and then into eristical. (3) Eristic is the method by which the form of the conclusion is correct, but the premises, the material from which it is drawn, are not true, but only appear to be true. Finally (4) sophistic is the method in which the form of the conclusion is false, although it seems correct. These three last properly belong to the art of Controversial Dialectic, as they have no objective truth in view, but only the appearance of it, and pay no regard to truth itself; that is to say, they aim at victory." -Arthur Schopenhauer, "The Art of Controversy", (1831) •••••••••• "The fallacy of suppressed evidence is committed when an arguer ignores evidence that would tend to undermine the premises of an otherwise good argument, causing it to be unsound or uncogent. Suppressed evidence is a fallacy of presumption and is closely related to begging the question. As such, it's occurrence does not affect the relationship between premises and conclusion but rather the alleged truth of premises. The fallacy consists in passing off what are at best half-truths as if they were whole truths, thus making what is actually a defective argument appear to be good. The fallacy is especially common among arguers who have a vested interest in the situation to which the argument pertains." -Patrick Hurley, "A Concise Introduction to Logic", (1985) •••••••••• "A high degree of probability is often called 'practical certainty.' A reasonable man should not refrain upon acting upon a practical certainty as though it were known to be true. In England, for instance, it is customary for a judge, at the trial of a person accused of murder, to instruct the jury that an adverse verdict need not be based on the belief that the guilt of the prisoner has been ' proved ', but upon the belief that the guilt has been established ' beyond a reasonable doubt .' To be ' beyond reasonable doubt ' is to have sufficient evidence to make the proposition in question so much more likely to be true than to be false that we should be prepared to act upon the supposition of its truth. Many of our most important actions have to be performed in accordance with belief of such a kind." -L. Susan Stebbing, "Logic in Practice", (1934) pages 98 and 99 ••••••••••

[@HarbingeroftheNew]

How can you not adduce this intuitively

[@chasefancy3092]

Your insight is blessed with clarity in a concise, simplistic manner, thank you. In order to hone one's analytical perception a course on logic carries significant weight. I will recommend this course to my son who just started university.

[@Patrick-gx7cw]

Notes: scientists gathering data through observation, experiments, archival studies; draw conclusions from data, showing certain theories to be right, other wrong; understand science then understand when it is legitimate and when illegitimate to draw a conclusions from what we already know; understand between good and bad arguments; logic, the study of argumentation; first, terms: arguments two parts, premises and conclusion; the premises are what we presuppose, conclusion what we conclude from premises; valid and invalid arguments; valid=conclusion really follows from the premises; drawing conclusions; whether an argument is valid or not has nothing to do with whether the premises and conclusion are true; can have false premises but still have a valid arguments; more terms: deductive and inductive arguments; deductive=truth of premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion; deductive arguments: never introduce falsehoods in a way, whether a deductive argument is valid or not you can just look at the form of the arguments and disregard the content/matter of the argument; science doesn't work solely deductively; inductive argument=the truth of the premises give good reason to believe the truth of the conclusion but does not absolutely guarantee its truth; example: none of the swans I have seen are black, ergo, there are no swans in the world that are black, an only plausible argument; the truth of the premises makes the conclusion likely but does not guarantee it; we have limited data and we want to draw a general conclusion from said data, but the conclusion drawn inductively will only be likely and will not absolutely guarantee the truth of the conclusion; induction is more problematic than deduction

[@WeebSlayer71]

"Problem of induction"

[@stephenwarren64]

Victor is a superb teacher ... his lectures are clear, informative, insightful, efficient, and highly enjoyable!

[@maria-kastana]

These series of videos are literally THE BEST!

[@williamspringer9447]

Μαρία Καστανά Maria Kastana•••• This guy taught you nothing about reasoning that you didn't already know and do naturally . When was the last time that you believed an invalid deductive argument?

[@stenarsk6877]

@@williamspringer9447 truth bomb dropped 😂

[@mektheblack]

@@williamspringer9447 I naturally know that fish can swim so why is it always mentioned in the biology books? What a waste of space, right?

[@AsifAhmad-ll4gz]

Great lecture! So simple and easy to understand.

[@williamspringer9447]

9 out of 10 Americans believe that man walked on the Moon. What logical errors have Moon landing believers commuted ?

[@liviu445]

@@williamspringer9447 enlighten me dumbass?.

[@JameseliDun]

I am not a student I am invested ... I will keep coming to hear more from this lecturer for sure.

[@pupperman75]

Computer coding languages operate the same way with If, then statements.

[@kehungdingthou7110]

This lecturer just finished explaining the whole chapter in just 8:56 minutes Where as our lecturer takes more than one hour lol

[@wilsonmwangi2477]

Great insight Inductive Vs Deductive Argument

[@ZalmanGreenberg]

i was hoping this was the same guy that dropped the legendary Kant lecture i absolutely love this dude!!!

[@omegamkandawire3576]

A clear explanation. Can someone recommend any book or scholarly article on this work. I need to use it for my dissertation. Thanks in advance.

[@bergspot]

All Dutchman are crystal clear when explaining things. Victor Geijsbers is a Dutchman. So, Victor Geijsberg is crystal clear when explaining things.

[@weirdoharu.163]

The best and most understandable and brief explanation of Logic I've heard and learnt from. I couldn't understand what my philosophy teacher was teaching us but thankfully i found this video and hopefully i can score marks in the philosophy exam scheduled next week TwT

[@AddisAychiluhm-t5g]

I like his teaching from Ethiopia

[@masterofallhesurveys]

Thank you very much, Victor. I'm looking for a way to teach my sons logic and reason without using strict metelanguage. Your approach is fantastic for this. Much appreciated. Cheers.

[@williamspringer9447]

jon bailey ••••• Victor leaves out some pretty important stuff in this video. He made the whole thing without once using the word "evidence".

[@Magdoulin]

Guys, you must understand the distinction between a valid argument and the true conclusion Validity does not guarantee trueness Validity is about the argument form whereas trueness is about the content of the premises

[@danielshalam2258]

Amazing. thank you ! gonna watch all of your playlist.

[@williamspringer9447]

DANIEL SHALAM •••• This guy didn't teach you anything about reasoning that you didn't already know and do naturally. It's the stuff that he suppressed about the science of Logic that's important .

[@gunhasirac]

Nice lecture. I think I get another point to explain to those think that math and physics are similar.

[@williamspringer9447]

寂筑羽 •••• He forgot to explain how to determine if a deductive argument is sound or an inductive argument cogent .Why do you suppose he did that?

[@bkciel]

wow, very informative. A conclusion is what we conclude. I leaned so much.

[@TheFakeGooberGoblin]

the video discussed the topic in the title? Mind blown… 🤯🤨

[@Josephus_vanDenElzen]

2:38 invalid argument (the validity of the argument is independent on the truth of the premises 3:15 5:37 Validity test by just looking at the algebraic form of deductive arguments 8:19 inductive argument

[@jasonelric]

Einstein's theory of relativity was purely deductive and was able to predict physical phenomena before they were ever observed (using deductive inference from the physical premise that the speed of light was constant). Same goes for the discovery of the Higg's boson. So suggesting science is in essence inductive can be misleading.

[@nickolasgaspar9660]

Deductive reasoning in reality.....is a way to form tautologies. They do not produce any new knowledge , they only state the obvious. There is zero risk thus the return is low. In science all our theories make claims which we utilize them as predictions. This means that our risk is high (both theories are open to future falsification) but the return is also high (we have theories that produce useful descriptions, accurate predictions and technical applications). Conclusions by Deduction can never be used to form law like generalizations. They only address the specific case they describe.

[@silversauceran]

he didnt say it was in essence inductive tho, he said it was largely not

[@williamspringer9447]

@Nicholas Gaspar ••••••••• Logic, therefore, as the science of thought, or the science of the process of pure reason, should be capable of being constructed a priori." -Arthur Schopenhauer, The Art of Controversy ("A priori" is defined as deduced from self-evident premises.) •••••••••• The science of logic itself is the creation of deduction, and I don't believe that many people would describe it as a tautology .

[@williamspringer9447]

Jason •••• In order for you to believe an argument logically , it should be (1) inferred from premises that you've verified with solid evidence to be true ; (2) properly considered all known relevant evidence ; and (3) come to a conclusion that you can verify follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the premises . •••• Do you believe I. Einstein's theory of relativity logically ? Or do you believe it because authority figures told you that it was true ?

[@hashimzeynu-ti5ps]

The theory of relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein, is primarily based on empirical observations and theoretical reasoning rather than being strictly a deductive argument. ▎Key Points: 1. Empirical Foundations: The theory arose from experimental evidence, such as the observations of the speed of light and the behavior of objects in motion. Einstein's theories (both special and general relativity) were influenced by existing experimental results and theoretical frameworks. 2. Theoretical Reasoning: While there are deductive elements in the mathematical formulations of relativity, such as deriving consequences from the postulates (e.g., the constancy of the speed of light), the development of the theory itself involved a significant amount of inductive reasoning and thought experiments. 3. Postulates: Special relativity is based on two key postulates: the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames and the speed of light is constant in a vacuum. These postulates were not derived from prior theories but were instead proposed based on insights and observations. 4. Mathematical Framework: The mathematical formulation involves deductive reasoning, where one can derive various predictions from the established principles. However, the initial formulation of the theory was more exploratory and less about strict deduction. In summary, while there are deductive elements in the application and implications of relativity, its formulation is better characterized as a blend of empirical observation, inductive reasoning, and theoretical innovation rather than a purely deductive argument. Chat gpt says this

[@yararevir1538]

Really enjoying your style of teaching.

[@jenniferrossiter6894]

That was really good. I'm going to learn logic from this channel. You are cool

[@OnlyTruthLove]

Can anyone solve this?? We state that: Premise 1: No premise is true. Premise 2: Premise 2 is a premise. Conclusion: Premise 2 is not true. Is the conclusion true? ;)

[@arikazuma6472]

HOLY CRAP this was so simple to understand. you explained it better than my professor did in THREE lectures. THANK YOU

[@williamspringer9447]

He left some pretty important stuff out .

[@akashsingh-mp4nr]

What's that???​@@williamspringer9447

[@captainlabu]

how example at 6:13 is deductive argument when you already said that deductive argument guarantees truth of conclusion based on truth of the premises . when both premises and conclusion is false in 6:13 example ,how is it an example of deductive argument ?

[@TheModernHermeticist]

Great series, gonna watch all the way through.

[@OsagieGuobadia]

This video could help me learn more about Logic and Critical thinking. : )

[@aestheticvibes432]

I have an exam on this topic in a few hours thank you so much 🙏😊

[@SoniaNisa]

Thank you for teaching us! I really appreciate the benefits of these platforms where you can study / learn from the comfort of your home! Bless you🙏

[@saulroa851]

What an amazing video, and amazing teacher!

[@troyp5208]

Logic is no longer taught in schools today. Great content!

[@suhailraja7797]

I'm currently studying in in university

[@pavneetkaur8253]

Douglas TIPTON IS THIS YOU

[@ChiangMai_sinceCOVID]

Could you recommend any textbooks?....thank you

[@awaisjamil9956]

This is very well explained and to the point. Thanks for sharing!

[@abelphilosophy4835]

I suggest you use : therefore , instead of, so. Thanks

[@williamspringer9447]

Abel Philosophy •••• I'd like to hear him use the word evidence at least one time ,instead of assumption .

[@danieljones2048]

Why do you suggest he uses 'therefore' instead of 'so'? In the English language, one can use 'so', 'therefore', 'thus', 'hence'. They all mean the same thing. They are ALL formal adverbs.

[@cmack17]

Pre: previous to; before Suppose: assume that something is the case on the basis of evidence or probability but without proof or certain knowledge I do not usually "pre-suppose" my premises. At worst, I suppose or assert my premises.

[@irisgee7013]

Please I need answers to this question that says, discuss truth as in logic

[@williamspringer9447]

Gloria Addah••••• Here's some stuff about the science of Logic that was conspicuously absent from this video. •••• "Logic, therefore, as the science of thought, or the science of the process of pure reason, should be capable of being constructed a priori." -Arthur Schopenhauer, The Art of Controversy ("A priori" is defined as deduced from self-evident premises.) •••••••••• 'Logic: The science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference.' -Webster's Unabridged Encyclopedic Dictionary •••••••••• 'infer ... v. ,1. To derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence ...' -Webster's Unabridged Encyclopedic Dictionary •••••••••• 'For logic is the science of those principles, laws, and methods which the mind of man in its thinking must follow for the accurate and secure attainment of truth." -Celestine N. Bittle, "The Science of Correct Thinking: Logic" •••••••••• "We suppose ourselves to posses unqualified scientific knowledge of a thing, as opposed to knowing it in the accidental way in which the sophist knows, when we think that we know the cause on which the fact depends, as the cause of that fact and of no other, and further, that the fact could not be other than it is". -Aristotle, Posterior Analytics •••••••••• "We ought in fairness to fight our case with no help beyond the bare facts: nothing, therefore, should matter except the proof of those facts." -Aristotle, Rhetoric •••••••••• "Without the presentation of solid evidence no argument can be a good one" -Patrick Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic, 1985 •••••••••• 'Fallacious reasoning is just the opposite of what can be called cogent reasoning. We reason cogently when we reason (1) validly; (2) from premises well supported by evidence; and (3) using all relevant evidence we know of. The purpose of avoiding fallacious reasoning is, of course, to increase our chances of reasoning cogently.' -Howard Kahane, Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric, 1976, second edition •••••••••• 'The province of Logic must be restricted to that portion of our knowledge which consists of inferences from truths previously known; whether those antecedent data be general propositions, or particular observations and perceptions. Logic is not the science of Belief, but the science of Proof, or Evidence. In so far as belief professes to be founded on proof, the office of Logic is to supply a test for ascertaining whether or not the belief is well grounded.' -John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic ••••••••• "And if we have a right to know any Truth whatsoever, we have a right to think freely, or (according to my Definition) to use our Understandings, in endeavouring to find out the Meaning of any Proposition whatsoever, in considering the nature of the Evidence for or against it, and In judging of it according to the seeming Force or weakness of the evidence: because there is no other way to discover the Truth." -Anthony Collins, 'A Discourse of Free Thinking', 1713, taken from the first page of 'Thinking to Some Purpose ' by L. Susan Stebbing •••••••••• 'Aristotle devides all conclusions into logical and dialectical, in the manner described, and then into eristical. (3) Eristic is the method by which the form of the conclusion is correct, but the premises, the material from which it is drawn, are not true, but only appear to be true. Finally (4) sophistic is the method in which the form of the conclusion is false, although it seems correct. These three last properly belong to the art of Controversial Dialectic, as they have no objective truth in view, but only the appearance of it, and pay no regard to truth itself; that is to say, they aim at victory.' -Arthur Schopenhauer, The Art of Controversy •••••••••• 'The fallacy of suppressed evidence is committed when an arguer ignores evidence that would tend to undermine the premises of an otherwise good argument, causing it to be unsound or uncogent. Suppressed evidence is a fallacy of presumption and is closely related to begging the question. As such, it's occurrence does not affect the relationship between premises and conclusion but rather the alleged truth of premises. The fallacy consists in passing off what are at best half-truths as if they were whole truths, thus making what is actually a defective argument appear to be good. The fallacy is especially common among arguers who have a vested interest in the situation to which the argument pertains.' -Patrick Hurley, A Concise Introduction to Logic, 1985 •••••••••• 'A high degree of probability is often called 'practical certainty.' A reasonable man should not refrain upon acting upon a practical certainty as though it were known to be true. In England, for instance, it is customary for a judge, at the trial of a person accused of murder, to instruct the jury that an adverse verdict need not be based upon the belief that the guilt of the prisoner has been ' proved ', but upon the belief that the guilt has been established ' beyond a reasonable doubt .' To be ' beyond reasonable doubt ' is to have sufficient evidence to make the proposition in question so much more likely to be true than to be false that we should be prepared to act upon the supposition of its truth. Many of our most important actions have to be performed in accordance with belief of such a kind.' -L. Susan Stebbing, 'Logic in Practice', (1934) pages 98 and 99 ••••••••••

[@MrRamoyo]

Thank you. But what is inductive reasoning ?

[@Attebailey16]

Does anyone know this person social media app i have this module or subject in school and would really appreciate a conversation with them

[@JiyaGiri]

can I follow these lectures if we have the book- ''introduction to logic'' by Irving M. Copi in our syllabus????

[@tehseenit-sanakhan2596]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/npenZWV5i9iYhqs

[@ZER0--]

Doesn't logic eat itself with confidence eventually... ?

[@bornanagaming3329]

Finally, Professor of Logic

[@Soul-sv2kx]

Does PHR-103 have mathematical statistics in this course?

[@siminsimin2832]

But what if you are a medieval king in an alternate universe ?

[@prashantchauhan8528]

whats the difference between deductive and ddeeeeductive ?

[@sonalrajput2441]

Very clear and understandable teaching 👏👏👏

[@nailbakiev8914]

'None of the medieval texts we have studied argues against the existence of God. The conclusion is nobody in the Middle Ages argued against the existence of God.' I am unsure whether this conclusion is valid as what is written in texts is not always the same as what is said by people. In this case, although no text argues against the existence of God, there might have been lots of people who argued against the existence of God. Their ideas might not have been recorded in texts. Please correct me if I am mistaken here. Best wishes, Neil

[@StaticBlaster]

No planet is flat; the Earth is a planet; therefore, the Earth is NOT flat.

[@sandro-nigris]

Very clear. Compliments! Really nicely done!

[@kripakafley9830]

Can you explain logic as right reasoning?

[@whitelightenergydads]

you are my medieval king

[@aniketsanyal5586]

excellent playlist, thanks very much! time to get educated

[@kartab5397]

One question- who is william springer ? He works hard

[@aditichourasia8094]

Thank you so much 🙏 🙏 🙏

[@kylestewart4641]

This is so well explain. So simple. I'll follow you now!

[@edmondherrera6288]

what is this series? just random lectures or does it adhere to a theme or something

[@koogleburger]

Victor Gijsbers is a great lecturer. Victor Gijsbers teaches at Leiden University. So, Leiden University only has great lecturers. Valid or invalid argument?

[@ifyoutrainyourlegsyourknee9407]

That's an invalid argument.However, you can make it a valid argument by interchanging the premise.Start by Leiden University lecturers and then go to Victor Gijsbers.

[@VictorGijsbers]

Might be a valid inductive argument, although the number of observations is low. ;-)

[@emanandchill]

Remove the word "only" then it becomes a valid argument. The other way is not guaranteed.

[@soreloser6719]

isn't the argument invalid because the claim that he is a great lecturer is subjective? don't the claims have to all be objective facts to be deducted down to a valid argument? I could be wrong as I am new to logic and philosophy.

[@john3260]

@@soreloser6719 Argument validity is not defined by the truthfulness of the statements that form the premise and conclusion of an argument but whether the conclusion follows the premise, should the premise be true.

[@naturallaw1733]

but what if there were some Medieval Kings with absolute power that we didn't know about... now it becomes an Invalid, Inductive argument right?

[@Magdoulin]

No, it's still valid, but it got false premises led to false conclusion Remember, argument validity is just about the form, not the content

[@psanctityps5705]

Thank you for this lecture.

[@jaya1888]

Absolutely useful for understanding

[@Opisnagf129]

David Gilmour is nice teacher too

[@Ikeoluwa.O.T3]

Thank you this was very helpful in studying for my test.

[@eng2grow]

Thank you very much. Very useful.

[@kartab5397]

Thanks... It was simple and helpful

[@williamspringer9447]

rohit singh chauhan•••• He stripped the science of Logic of its usefulness . That's how he made it so simp!e .

[@سماحعليلطيفجاسممسائي-ذ4س]

عفيه اريد اسباب ٥نقاط عن revange

[@williamspringer9447]

Samah Ali ••••• That's what I thought too. Why didn't he ever mention that logical arguments must be properly supported by solid evidence ?

[@trina2449]

Thanks for this helpful video!

[@minglee8367]

i love this course,thank you for provide 🎈

[@OnlyTruthLove]

You meant to say that "in a valid deductive argument" if the premises are both true, then the conclusion must be true. You could have an invalid deductive argument such as: Premise 1: All kings had power over their people. Premise 2: James was a king. Conclusion: James had power over all his people. Both premises are true, but the conclusion could be false, or true. Yes James had power over his people, but we just dont know if he had power over ALL his people. This is an invalid deductive argument where both premises are true, but the conclusion can be false.

[@sarahwise7865]

Most psychiatric diagnoses use inductive reasoning

[@dr.abdulazizmalik]

best lecture ..............so simple and easy

[@williamspringer9447]

He left out crucial information.

[@rezatay]

excellent explanation

[@Priyagoswami-v3z]

Wow very good explanation

[@morganotieno2837]

check on your example of dutchman,, it is valid but you are saying it is not VALID , check and clarify

[@AlieSonata]

inductive Argument, Deductive Arguments are confusiong the whole process because this two want to change the premises of the Argument... Don't get it...

[@stinkystealthysloth]

Venn diagrams basically

[@williamspringer9447]

ANON •••• Yep, he made the science of logic must about as useless as he possibly could .

[@aliabdollahi3320]

good job Victor.

[@costinilie8178]

Right at the start he says that "they [scientists] want to use the data to show that certain theories are right and other theories are wrong". Since he is talking about scientists, I am asuming he is referring to scientific theories, not the everyday use of the word. From what I know, scientific theories (that have reached this status by thorough scientific scrutiny) are rarely proven wrong. Doesn't he mean "hypotheses" instead of "theories"?

[@logicandreason9935]

Thank you, this video helps a lot.

[@Capcoor]

If logic is the study of argumentation, what is rhetoric?

[@mick6915]

The art of persuation. - Wikipedia

[@williamspringer9447]

"Logic: The science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference.' -Webster's Unabridged Encyclopedic Dictionary ••••••••••

[@williamspringer9447]

"Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.' -Aristotle •••••••••• 'Rhetoric is the art of ruling the minds of men.' -Plato ••••••••••

[@Capcoor]

Mick Thanks.

[@Gator732]

Why would he use the premise no Dutchman is humble to explain valid deductive form? Seems more like an inductive premise. He even says that it might be false right after explaining.

[@dantheman6008]

He's using a hypothetical definition that Dutchmen are not humble to show that the form of the argument is valid. Validity has nothing to do with falsity.

[@williamspringer9447]

The interesting thing is that he never explained how to determine if a deductive argument is sound or and inductive argument cogent . I wonder why ?

[@BinidamBismark]

I love it and keep it up ❤❤🎉🎉

[@tendaimikioni5459]

This is a useful. Thank you

[@williamspringer9447]

Check out "Thinking to Some Purpose " by L. Susan Stebbing .

[@gursewaksingh9720]

Hi, Victor Gijsbers. I want to do PHD in logic. Can i do PhD in your supervision

[@danieljones2048]

Can you afford the fee at Leiden?

[@gursewaksingh9720]

@@danieljones2048 yeah i can but first i want to know the fee structure

[@m.y.m401]

Well explained

[@UniqueAB247]

Great Teacher

[@JoshRadcliff-i6m]

I’m 15 but this is very interesting

[@user-mc1oz3xt5t]

I knew just by looking at this guy that he is a medieval king.

[@Jules-hx9ej]

Thanks very much.

[@garangajou934]

Great lecture on logic, I going to watch it all

[@williamspringer9447]

This lecture was deceptive due to crucial information being omitted .

[@WorkInProgress-123]

Great Video!!!!

[@ioanmitru478]

Dad linked me this playlist and i find it interseting

[@ioanmitru478]

Because it is not math (not like this the only reason that i like this series) and (not that i hate math its just that i'm not a natural)

[@ritikavaid9319]

Gm sir

[@pasandali525]

Logic teaches us that laws must be in harmony with peoples morality and religious beliefs. People will not obey laws that do not meet these requirements, and the result will be a disordered society

[@cbebutuoy]

Logic also teaches us that morality and religious practices must be in harmony with the law.

[@someonesilence3731]

All hail king Victor Gijsbers XDD

[@williamspringer9447]

Someone Silence ••• When's he going to mention that logical arguments must be properly supported by solid evidence?

[@talemaawoke7907]

what is valid as well ivalid

[@williamspringer9447]

Blue Eyes ••••••• A valid deductive argument is structured in such a way that if the premises are true , then the conclusion must also be true .. A sound deductive argument is a valid argument that does indeed have true premises . This professor forgot to explain how to determine if a deductive argument is sound or an inductive argument cogent . Why do you suppose that is ?

[@sonalrajput2441]

Really appreciate

[@Tom-sp3gy]

Fantastic !

[@Danskadreng]

"No medieval king had absolute power of his subjects" "Victor Gijsbers was a medieval king" - So, Victor Gijsbers did not have absolute power over his subjects. We call this a valid argument, but wouldn't it be better to just call it a valid conclusion, and only call the argument valid, if the premises are true? It just sounds better in my head. A distinction between a valid conclusion (based on the corresponding false premises), and a valid argument (based on the corresponding true premises).