HYDROGEN is a METAL?! | Metallic Hydrogen is an Astronomer's Worst Nightmare

[@Ang3lUki]

There is a hypothesis that says stars aren't made of plasma or gas either, and that they're made of this metallic form of hydrogen. The arguments for this are that the sun is too cool to ionize hydrogen, and that, we'd see spectral peaks, not observe the sun as a 6000K black body.

[@electricpaper269]

The inside of a star can be modeled as a photon gas (which produces blackbody radiation). The outer layers have the characteristic hydrogen spectral lines. But the sun is more complicated than a simple blackbody, which is why it deviates from the blackbody spectrum, especially at lower wavelengths.

[@chrisparker2118]

Pierre Robitaille theorizes the sun is made up of LMH.

[@danpaulisbitski]

Metallic hydrogen is the solution not the nightmare. The stars are condensed matter not a gaseous plasma. Dogma is the nightmare impeding science like gravitational collapse of an ideal gas but that requires the open invitation of ideas that are contrary to dogma but it’s much easier to dismiss the growing opposition. Happy New Year.

[@Apistevist]

Most people don't think and form ideas. They learn, cram, recite never having cared if they understand the material. They follow procedure and regurgitation like P-Zombies.

[@danpaulisbitski]

@Apistevist people get triggered about religion on KZbin but What really shocked me was the response I got for dare questioning The almighty scientific consensus😇! Within minutes I was being attacked and called out for “destroying the future of America and it’s future generations”🤣. It was so entertaining to me that I couldn’t help but troll these nutz. Told them not to get their spacetime all up in knot. I think all I said was that “spacetime” in my opinion was a tool of measurement and conception and people lost it! Even if you believe the spacetime is an actual material made of 🤷‍♂️, it still satisfies my description. Apparently having access to all the information across the world at your fingertips is making the world dumber!

[@Apistevist]

Well I'm not a scientist but I got a science degree as a double major because I'm a masochist and obsessed. Science has issues at the moment remaining objective concerning politicized topics. This is mostly in the soft sciences, though there's been some P-Hacking in climatology, which is a very complex field. The social sciences have become completely untrustworthy, with reproducibility rates dropping as low as 20%.@@danpaulisbitski

[@stephenbrand5661]

Is the metallic hydrogen theorized to be responsible for generating Jupiter's tremendous magnetic field?

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Yes, I think it's one of the leading theories for it! :)

[@charleshines2142]

Much the same way that Earth has a metallic core of mostly nickel and iron that is believed to be the source of its magnetic field.

[@demonmonsterdave]

That we are even joking about new discoveries possibly threatening our theories is clear evidence that we are overly fond of our theories at the expense of new discoveries.

[@douglasstrother6584]

"This phase of the only occurs under extreme conditions." ... Nature provides extreme conditions.

[@maxk4324]

"Hydrogen doesn't get too many people excited" As a propulsion engineer I whole heartedly disagree

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Fair enough! I'm not saying it's boring at all, but not everyone thinks like a propulsion engineer!

[@jaydenwilson9522]

fluid dynamics is just MOTION DYNAMICS!!! our atmosphere!! space too!! its all just an ocean on an ocean IN AN OCEAN!!! hydrogen is the best!!!! same with uv to!!!!!! oh, and carbon IS THE GOD PARTICLE!!!

[@ismailzahir2831]

@@jaydenwilson9522I COMPLETELY AGREE!!!

[@jaydenwilson9522]

(They don't teach fluid dynamics in Physics.... only outdated frameworks) They are in for a rude awakening once they start studying Heliophysics and magnetohydrodynamics LOL@@ismailzahir2831

[@SunShine-kd6td]

I learned about metallic hydrogen 4 years ago from a video on KZbin (Seeker channel). Then I saw a Sky Scholar channel video that explained how the sun is liquid metallic hydrogen. Fascinating!

[@fmdj]

if you like that sort of weird things, search for "'neutron soup" if you don't know it, quite fascinating too

[@noway8233]

Yes , i saw the same , its very interestng but take everything with a pice of salt

[@noway8233]

Looks at the last images of the Sun , its looks vert like "lava thing" , with colums of material big as the Earth colapsing and crashing in the surface , and the other , the most powefull manification shows a very complex surface , very "liquid" like , in the the center could be metalic hydrogen

[@edvardnilsson9555]

If it looks like lava it probably is not real. It´s helium with a spot in it that shows that if we´re spinning around it, it spins too in the same pace. (as does the moon). If everyone in a room look at you all the time, would you think that the center of attention was anybody else?

[@davidpescod7573]

Enjoyed your comments on metallic hydrogen, Chris. You may be interested to know that the question of hydrogen becoming a metal or having metallic properties has been considered for a long time. In the “Scientific American” 27 Feb 1869, there is the following article, ‘Is Hydrogen Gas a Metal?’ The opening sentence reads, “It has long been suspected that hydrogen would ultimately prove to be a metal.”

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Wow, that's a lot longer a ago than I would have guessed! Thanks for sharing :)

[@Baka_Komuso]

Is it correct for your displayed cut away chart to describe Saturn’s core as “Rock and Ice”?

[@arcshinus7238]

2:15 1000K makes hydrogen plasma, really? Should be about 158000K.

[@fmdj]

how would you generate millions of atmospheres of pressure in a lab?

[@davidwier2862]

For propulsion needs to be injected into an expansion chamber that has an electric arc system and allowed to expand and vent accordingly.

[@horsepowermultimedia]

Astronomer Metal Classification Syndrome - A neurological disorder common in astronomers that causes them to call almost every element a metal, even if it is clearly not a metal.

[@antithese101]

I was wondering if there's a difference between Pauli exclusion principle and degeneracy pressure the same thing ? I've never really understood the difference between the two principles

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

No they are the same as far as I know. Or at least you could say that the Pauli Exclusion Principle is the general physical law, and degeneracy pressure is the "force" that is felt as a result.

[@LongDefiant]

Degeneracy Pressure is a consequence of the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

[@jamesmcclaren9759]

So what actually attracts the molecules to collect in the center making the sun an orb shape? There has to a core element in order for it to be stable.

[@fmdj]

gravity?

[@douglasstrother6584]

Astronomers, you poor bastards: the Universe now consists of metals and neutral Alpha particles. ;)

[@tacitus539]

Is crystallized hydrogen a thing? Also, any opinions on Oumuamua? Or on Avi Loeb’s assertion that it was alien technology? Thanks!

[@Apistevist]

Avi just selling books.

[@dreamyrhodes]

You mean Pauli principle, not Heisenberg uncertainty.

[@NicholsonNeisler-fz3gi]

He's not sure

[@elck3]

Hi Chris, are you able to tell from the JWST spectra of the Wasp-96b exoplanet if there's metallic hydrogen? Since you mentioned that astronomers think they find it in hot jupiter class planets, of which Wasp-96b is a part of?

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Hi! That's a great question, and I think the answer is that we should be able to get a good idea with more time. The analysis of the spectra only definitively found H20 but with more time I think they will detect more elements/molecules with certainty. If one of those is hydrogen (it almost certainly should be), then we can use the temperature/pressure of the planet to predict that there is probably metallic hydrogen under the atmosphere, just like we do with Jupiter. Whether it would be enough to "prove" the presence is another thing for now!

[@elck3]

@@ChrisPattisonCosmo thanks Chris, that’s a great explanation!

[@junak777]

Actually there is a material that is not ceramic but metalic and can indure, withstand much more, than blowing magnets. Above 18 000 Teslas , no heat no hysteresis. Think of Sun as fusion still??!

[@MakesCents.02]

Hydrogen is hard core.

[@toom2141]

So everybody gets a teaspoon of a neutron star as an energy source to put into the backyard and then climate change is solved

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Sometimes great solutions require thinking outside the box!

[@tonywells6990]

A teaspoon of a neutron star is more explosive than a million atom bombs, so that wouldn't end well!

[@themement3616]

​@@tonywells6990it's also heavier than an entire mountain, so that might cause some minor gravitational issues if there's one in every backyard.

[@YtubeUserr]

@@themement3616 "minor" issues? Humans pumping groundwater have changed the Earth's axis A dam in China has slowed down Earth's rotation A teaspoon of neutron star weighs approx. 10 million tons. The effects will not be minor.

[@ResonantFreq528]

Harvard manufactured Metallic Hydrogen in a lab about 6 years ago.

[@alanbarnardjr.2534]

It's because technically matter doesn't really exist. At the very smallest level, the atoms that make up matter, are themselves made of points of oscillating energy (quarks and leptons). If you break down anything and everything in the universe to its smallest possible scale, we're all just energy. So it would make sense that every element you see on the periodic table, SHOULD be able to exist, in some form or another, as every possible state of matter.

[@sebiotimonicholas8376]

You're making a lot of sense.

[@ojjuiceman]

Hydrogen is cool. I mean it's no carbon or oxygen but it's definitely not my least favorite element.... That has to be arsenic tbh

[@YtubeUserr]

say not to racism say no to elementism stop hating on elements

[@phdnk]

metallic deuterium is even more interesting material as a fuel

[@fmdj]

Doesn't it instantly make helium? ;)

[@phdnk]

​@@fmdjno, there is still a potential barrier

[@fmdj]

@@phdnk even at the pressures where it would be a "metal", wow

[@OleOlson]

0:43 chart says 'White Dwards"

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Aha I didn't notice that!

[@OleOlson]

@@ChrisPattisonCosmo Sorry to nitpick, LOL. Great video.

[@frinoffrobis]

what's next? metallic helium 😂🤣😂🤣😆

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Oh man do I have some bad news for you 🤣

[@frinoffrobis]

@@ChrisPattisonCosmo 😁

[@petermartell568]

Argon is a metal? Neon?

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Everything is a metal!

[@bilalyusaf7822]

Excellent 👌

[@rohanlorange3660]

The periodic table says it should be a metal. This has been known for centuries. Why are you surprised? I learned this before I got public hair

[@rohanlorange3660]

@Dan Beech hahaha 😆

[@rohanlorange3660]

@Dan Beech I won't correct the typo that's funny

[@RandyJames22]

Great video! DWARDS.

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

Thanks Randy! I didn't notice dwards! I feel slightly better because I didn't make that graphic, but I still should have noticed

[@RandyJames22]

@@ChrisPattisonCosmo 😃

[@ManuelGarcia-ww7gj]

Welcome to the twilight zone.

[@KlaudiusL]

Don't' let astronomers or physicists name thing

[@ChrisPattisonCosmo]

We mess it up every time

[@KlaudiusL]

@@ChrisPattisonCosmo 😁

[@ooooneeee]

Or biologists. Just scientists in general, frankly.

[@ojjuiceman]

Or the government that's how you end up with an acronym

[@cydonical]

I'm a little confused why you say metallic hydrogen has not been made in a lab yet... when ~5 years prior to your KZbin video here there was posted this KZbin video by Harvard University... Making metallic hydrogen at Harvard: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z6LMpaBrm9mYgpI

[@GoetzimRegen]

May us rule the metalica hydrogen sun rule us with its grateful solid state Fusion 😜😋☀️

[@4stringz.]

just go to Jupiter and scoop some up lol